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About The Rockdale banner. (Conyers, Ga.) 1888-1900 | View Entire Issue (July 14, 1898)
INQUIRY B OX FO R The State Agricultural Department Replies to Questions. Question. —I would like to know something more about vetches. Some time-ago I read your article on this sub¬ ject, and as I wish to experiment a lit¬ tle on this line I write to ask if it is advisable to sow now, or would it bo best to wait until fall? If we can get a certain crop that will give us green food in the late winter and early spring one difficulty that the farmer has to con¬ tend against will be overcome, and if this can be done with a nitrogen gath¬ ering crop, which will at the same time benefit the land, farming at the south will have made a long step forward. Answer. — In the southern states vetches should be sown in the late sum¬ mer or early fall. The hairy yetch is preferred for our climate and should be sown from the middle of August to the middle of September, according to sea¬ sons. Spring vetches seem more par¬ ticularly suited to northern latitudes, indeed, have proved a signal failure in onr climate. Hairy vetch will stand a good amount of cold and drouth, but it does not like a damp soil—any excess of water is very injurious to it and it seems to prefer a sandy soil, At the Mississippi Experiment Station heavy annual crops have been realized from a peice of land sown in 1888, which has never been reseeded, Stock ia taken off and cuttings cease in March, the plants mature and scatter their seed over the ground, which begin to germi¬ nate with the first fall rains. If the crop is intended to be cut for forage and is sown broadcast, about a bushel of Winter oats, or rye or wheat should bo ■ at the time. These will •own same furnish a support for tho vines and pre¬ vent them from trailing on the ground. The difficulty of cutting the orop prop¬ erly will thus be obviated. "When out for hay the plants should be in full bloom. The kidney vetch is another variety, which is recommended for poor, thin cal¬ careous or very sandy soils, which will not support clovers or better forage crops, but from tho result of experiments with It it cannot be recommended as of much value. The hairy vetch, however, has a high indorsement. Stock are very fond of it. It has a high feeding value. It may bo cured for hay, or pastured, and is a most excellent plant for soiling. When once fairly established it with¬ stands drouths and. extremes of temper¬ ature. Most of the seed are imported from Europe and as yet are high priced, which ia the chief present difficulty in the way of its general introduction. Its cultivation is, however, increasing, and hope to tho day when the much : we f see .In needed . green crop, to fill up ,, ho i-i. hiatus between late winter and early spring, will be found in the vetches of which so little is now generally known. We would like to know the result of your experience if you decide to try the ex¬ periment this fall.—State Agricultural Department. Sorghum as a Forage Plant. Question.—I s sorghum a good plaut for feeding green, and for making hay ? If so what variety would you recom¬ mend, and how to plant and save ? Answer.— Sorghum is a most excel¬ lent forage plant to feed either green or to savo as hay. It does best on rich, ! loamy soils, but will do well on any soil that will produce fair crops of corn or cotton. Prepare the land well, and bed as you would for cotton | in 3> 9 ' feet rows, using from 800 to 400 j pounds of a complete fertilizer. About cotton planting time open a shallow fur- j row and drill the seed—from a half I bushel to three pecks to tho acre, Cul- I tivate shallow and often. When grown for forage it is not necessary to thin j out, though thinning is very essential J when the sorghum is grown for syrup j making. The “Early Amber” and “Minnesota Early Amber” are excellent varieties, as are also the “Early Orange” and “Kansas Orange.” Sorghum will do better on thin soils, aud will stand drouth better than corn. For making hav, cut soon after it begins to bloom and put up in small shocks until ... cured. . „ Lor feeding . .. green, cutting ... should l>e begun as soon as the plants begin to form heads. Stir the ground with a cultivator or plow immediately after harvesting a crop, and the sorghum will continue to grow and make a second and third cutting. Feed but ,, little at .... hist, increasing the , amount , da, b, day, „util the stock become ac cnstoined to it. — State Agricultural Department. About Subsotling. Question.—I s it not injurious to land to subsoil at this season? I am a young farmer, but 1 have always * heard that it was dangerous to bring the clay to the •nrface after the late fall or early winter. Answer. —You are under a misappre¬ hension as to the meaning of subsoil ing. This is not a turning of the clay to the surface, but it is the breaking up ^T.ZtZTrl*l% done by following, in the bottom of the furrow, which is made by an ordinary P’ i0W ' with a. long narrow “scooter, ” or a "bull tongue.” Or it may be aceoxn plished with one furrow, made by a subsoil plow, constructed especially for this pufpose. In either case it is simply breaking up the lower soil, which is not reached by an ordinary plow. This plan will expose it to the action of the air, will drain it of surplus water or make it more retentive of necessary moisture, and by thus increasing its porosity or powers of absorption will not only regulate the moisture for the use of crops, but will bring into service its heretofore locked up and insoluble elements of plant food.—State Agri¬ cultural Department. Bean Rust* Question. —Last year my beans were attacked by a disease, which my neigh¬ bors called bean rust. When I discov¬ ered the trouble it was too late to pre¬ vent the damage. It seemed to be more on the pods than anywhere else, al¬ though a large per cent of the leaves eventually became affected. The little round spots first appeared on the pods when about half grown and the pods turned dark and seemed to shrin* up around those spots. Sometimes they were pink and again Ted. If there is any way of preventing this I want to begin in time this year. What is the disease, and is there any remedy ? Answer. —The disease which you de¬ scribe is anthracnose, and the best pre¬ ventive after the beans are planted is Bordeaux mixture,with which the plants should be sprayed. But a better pre¬ ventive still is to plant only bright 1 plump seed. As the disease lives in the seed from one season to another, all seed should be carefully examined and only the perfectly sound ones used. All which are shriveled or imperfect should bo rejected.—State Agricultural Depart¬ ment. Handling Late Potatoes. Those who have rather late ground on which potatoes are to be planted will find it worth while to sprout the seed now. Merely aim set them in, a warm, light place let' them send out shoots about 8 inches long. As soon as the ground can be workod plant the pota¬ toes, handling them carefully, so as not to break off the shoots, allowing one sprout to each piece of seed. In this way potatoes can be raised on late land as soon as on early land by the ordinary method.—Exchange. Chemical Weed Destroyer. Professor Shutt of the experiment farms at Ottawa, Canada, recommends following very simple compound for destroying weeds and grass: Two pounds of sulphate * of copper, or blue aud 6 allons o£ Bis . ao i vc ;uu l apply as a spray, or through ail ordinary sprinkling pot. ; iP m ,■] j \ w m m M ImA i 1 w f 'll fi vm p v V '\S f. 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