REPLIES TO INQUIRIES
INFORMATION AS FURNISHED BY
THE STATE DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE.
POINTS ON MANY SUBJECTS
Best Months to Sow Wheat In North
and Middle Georgia, Probable
Peach Output, Etc.
m£!tH, Question An™.™ —Please publish in your
to Qoa*tion»" torn.
formulae for making composts, and also
for mixing fertilizers.
Answer. — The department takes
pleasure in answering the above re
auest a* it shows a disposition to di
minis'll the cost of your guano bills, and
it i* to be hoped that the same intention
exists in the mind of every farmer in
Georgia.
formulae for composts.
Stable manure................ 600 lbs
Acid phosphate................ 800 lbs
Cottonseed.................... 400 lbs
Kainit........................ 200 lbs
or
Stable manure.. 750 lbs
Cottonseed meal 160 lbs
Acid phosphate. 800 lbs
Hardwood ashes funleached)., 300 lbs
or
(stable manure.............. . 900 lbs
Acid phosphate.............. . 800 lbs
Nitrate of soda............. . 100 lbs
Muriate of potash ........... . 60 lbs
Kainit, or hardwood ashes... . 160 lbs
Total. 2 000 lbs
To mix, put down a layer of friable
manure 2-4 inches thick, on tliat j . a
a thin layer of cottonseed, or mo .l, or
nitrate of soda, on that a layer of kainit
or ashes, and on that a layer of acid
phosphate. Repeat the layers until the
pile is as high as yon want it, aud then
cover with 6 inches of dirt to prevent
leaching. Wot each layer thoroughly
as you go along. If too much heat
should develop wet thoroughly again,
The compost will be ready for use in si:;
to seven weeks. Before hauling to tho
field cut the pile down vertically with
hoe* or spades aud mix thoroughly.
A GOOD MIXTURE FOR COTTON, CORN, ETC.
Acid phosphate (16 per cent
available)................... 1 000 lbs
Cottonseed meal (8 per cent am
inonia) t; <(> b 3
Kainit (12 per cent potash).... 400 lbs
-
Total 2 000 lbs
FOR SAME ON SANDY SOIL.
Acid phosphate (10 per cent
available)................... 900 lbs
Cottonseed meal (8 per cent am¬
monia) ... ............... 600 lbs
Kainit (12 per cent potash).... 600 lbs
-
Total 2- 000 lbs
FOR PEACH, PEAR AND PLUM TREES,
Acid phosphate (16 per cent
available)................... 900 lbs
Cottonseed meal (8 per cent am¬
monia).................. ... 600 lbs
Kainit (12 per cent potash).... 600 lbs
Total. 2 000 lbs
Mix thoroughly with hoes or shovels,
on a tight floor, making sure to pound
up the lumps you are certain to find iu
the kainit.
By mixing the fertilizers yourself you
will save not less than $2 per ton, and
#ucli wqrk euu be done under shelter on
falny days. — State Agricultural De¬
partment.
IVacIi Output lu Georgia.
Question— h poach culture in Goor
gia likely to bo ovordauo?
Answer— I think not. It is true that
the acreage of peaches will be greatly
increased by this season's planting, ami
that the demand for peach stock can
with difficulty be filled by the nursery
men. There will not. however, bo a
greatly increased acreage of bearing
W#o#, and the corresponding incre ;s. in
additional n,„k., S . and popnlan
»f thtwi. pdach. will nano
than offset tho increase. Thor 1 iru-.*t
be a largo planting annually to keep up
tho present acreage, as peach trees are
short lived and many die each year from
various causes. It is probable that fully
one-third of the trees planted this sea
■on will never come into bearing. To
grow peaches profitably requires
greatest attention. Proper cultivation
and fertilization, careful pruning and
treatment for insect pests and diseases,
are necessary to success, aud at least
one-third of the orchards of the state do
not receive such attention, aud they go
down. The San .Toss scale has caused
the destruction of over 100,000 trees dur
ing the past season, and probably as
many more will be destroyed before tho
winter is over. If the borers are neg
lected for two or three years, and dur
ing that time the trees produce a heavy
crop, the drain made upon their vitality
by the borers and the production of the
crop, will cause a large proportion of
them to die.
Intending planters should not bo dis
couraged by these statements, for they
are encouraging to those’who intend to
give their orchards the proper care
Money can be maile in Georgia by the
intelligent fruit grower It is estimated
tw *!>.. ' -v, b glowers alone . have net
tea over $1,000,000 during tho past sea
aon. One party sold four cars of peaches
for $6,468, and his entire shipmeute
amounted to 90 cars. Some growers re¬
ceived poor returns on account of bad
handling, poor packing and rascally
commission merchants, but good fruit,
well handled and properly shipped,
gave very satisfactory returns. I be¬
lieve there will never be an over pro¬
duction of choice peaches.—State Agri
cultural Department.
Mules With the Stagger*.
Question.—T wo of my mules have
died with staggers. Is there any rein
edy for it. and what causes it?
Aksw.;i,-T here are two varieties of
“ ; «*»»% “ “‘" d '
and au cpy staggers, according to the
symptoms displayed by the sick animal,
In blind staggers the animal rushes
around recklessly, running against or
falling over any obstruction in his way.
In icepy staggers the affected horse or
mnle appears dull and stupid, standing
qu c,iy .ith lowered head, or perhaps
with its head pressing against a fence
or wall.
The disease, however, is the same in
both ases, and being a brain disease, is
v cy hard to relieve or control. Some
of the horse books assert that it is caused
by over gorging, but from my own ex
"iice I am sure it is brought on by
'ing damaged or rotten corn. It is
th- general sentiment among farmers
th;;: there is more damaged corn this
yt ,r than they ever know before, at
tri: triable no d-ubt to tho continuous
rains of last summer. Numerous com
ji; ii ts of this disease are coming to this
dej j tu) :i!i, aud I fear that the loss on
* tl \ ; score will bo heavy throughout the
state. areful In feeding horses that and they mules get be J
very to sec no
damn god are likely to meet 1
corn, or you
V]t h losses from this very fatal disease. ;
Y.'i-.-n i b s disease is fully developed lit
t , , r noaiihir c m be done to save the
r ; but if upon its first appearance
pro; jr tn ] r ut is resorted to many
( ; can be cured. The treatment con
E; . t . j u promptly bleeding the animal
freely, and giving a good dose of salts
or od _ [f t bl . medicine does not act in
t-vo and a half dr three hours the dose
ghoul ; 1-e repeated. Prevention, how
cv ,. r _ s ijettcr than cure, therefore yon
should use every care’to keep damaged
( , ,, n (iU t of the horse stable.—State Ag
rieultural Department.
Wheat Sowing In Georgia.
Qrr. on— Is it now too late to sow
wheat?
i . -.wiin—Good crops of wheat have
i , „ 1V j j u t do middle and northern
k tn ;i of tho state sowed as late as
the middle of January. You should
have sowed about the middle of Novem
ber, provided the cold weather had by
that, time destroyed the Hessian fly,
which is very apt to ruin a wheat crop
sowed before frost.
To hope for a fair crop, planted at
this late date, your ground must be
rich, either naturally or by the liberal
use 0 f fertilizers. Prepare the land
with extra care for the reception of the
seed, and do not fail to broadcast from
60 to 100 pounds of nitrate of soda to
the acre when the spring growth com
mences. Theu with a favorable season
yon may make a fair crop of wheat. Be
sure to follow your wheat crop with
pi s sown broadcast; they will not only
you a splendid crop of hay, but
williso enrich your soil with nitrogen,
the most costly of plant foods.
PEAR BLIGHT.
Bout1iex*i& Treatment For Lc COnt«
anil lvieffer Pent* Tree*.
Wlu n a pear orchard is badly blight
ei, the owner writes to everybody who
claims know anything ou tho subject,
and every one will write him to prune
prune, prune, when really the truth ia
that the in ore he prunes the worse will
be the blight. When on orchard isbadly
blij 3, the thing to do is to let it alone
: 1 mvletoly as possible. Don’t prune a
> dou’t plow it or do anything else
*° ,r tbat wiJ1 ® ,imT,lc1e tbe Tha
^ '.ro'certainly ia bad s**pe for two
i et them alone till tbs trees make
J d ' d “ n "SiU^l.h « r .»wth Don't nnltivntn thu
» • , , In- a , m K,l»l.
;re goad f«rm& Apply broad
‘ 500 pounds of each to the acre.
1 . v.: 11 do good; more will do more
! ‘1 wit in lightly, say three or
inches. This should h« den* ia the
w tween Dec. 1 and Jau 16. If
u arlier, vegetation is too much in
the way. If done Inter, there will he
q JipJ 1 f causing the .trees to bloom too
e.r..
May give the orchard another
alien, most advantageously pUlaJ dona
c. :awny h„„»w. .bowl
uuh depth as before. The season
■ c -rive ' the ’ same fertilizers a and
-
,. lWe plowing#. , . If ,, the trees are
j r vigorous, leave off the May plow
ID:,*.
When you have starved out the blight
find have got tlie trees to where they
niase but s all growth annually,
v * l is will be just before you commence
tho 4 fertilising and plowing described
lUC u u is i. the tat t<me unit tonrnne to prnne, prune, Drnue
, Don t prune with a knife or
: i, but with a saw baw off the
^ blighted limbs, the straggling
i X hafiug limbs aud the very
t o Cut them half in two, •»
the tree neatly one-half.
*
, , aancal3y: ,, .
f 1T t
— ‘ ..ar w**as weeds"er^turn^nnd^r'“n or turn unaer •
.‘ u r ro P ' 5t “7 vegetehle growth,
i omi count blight a blessing, for you
^ 'll have studied the requireaueota of
p ; ;,r trees aud supplied their needs, saya
ii. \Y. Etcne of Georgia in Tho Rural
Nov Yorker.
OLD BLUNDER THAT FARMERS
SHOULD AVOID IN THE
COMING YEAR.
RAISE SUPPLIES AT HOME
Time Hus Arrived to Stop Relying ou
a Crop Which Sells Below
Cost or 1 ro uc ou.
-
Atlanta, Jan. 1, 1899.
*>» ^ginning ot tb.
ns and 1898, with all its hopes and dis
appointments, is a thing of the past. It
will bo well for each of ns at this time,
before we commence our work for the
year, to take a calm and thoughtful
view 0 f the situation, and then to act as
become sensible men.
What, then, do we find to be the con
clition of the average Georgia farmer at
this time? After working 12 months to
make and gather a large cotton prop,
be a ny money left from its sale? I
Ba y emphatically no. Those farmers are
fortunate indeed who have been able to
pay the debts incurred by them in mak
i ng t b e last cotton crop, the vast ma
jority having unpaid accounts against
them either for guano, meat, corn or
goods of other kinds,
Has the average Georgia farmer a
gu pp ]y of corn, oats, hay and fodder,
w ith which to feed his stock of every
kind until he can make another crop?
Has he plenty of homemade meat and
floor aud syrup, with which to feed all
bands on his farm for the next ten
months? Are his mules, and horses,
and catt j e) and hogs, and sheep in good
or d er and well cared for, nowin the
midst of a cold, long winter? Has he
an abundance of poultry of all kinds,
W ell housed and well fed? Has he
plenty of good milk and butter from
graded Jersey or Holstein cows? Has
he a rich garden from which he can
daily gather the winter vegetable toadd
to his bill of fare? To all these ques¬
tions I must regretfully answer no. Aud
yet I assert positively that all these are
within easy reach of every land owner
in Georgia who will throw off the curse
of all cotton growing, and return to the
ways of our fathers.
Shall we continue to grow and sell
cotton below the cost of production (to
the great delight of the balance of man¬
kind, who care nothing for our suffer¬
ings) until total ruin overtakes us, or
shall wo make a united and determined
effort to raise our own supplies in abun¬
dance, and thus make our cotton crop
an absolute surplus? I see no hope for
onr farmers save to adopt the latter
plaii and stick to it regardless of the
price of cotton. Don’t delude yourself
with the idea that your neighbors will
diminish their cotton acreage and there¬
fore you will increase yonrs in the hope
of getting a good price. There could be
no greater mistake of judgment than
this, as tho selfish farmer so acting will
find to his cost at the end of the season.
If Georgia made no cottoii this year,
the loss would doubtless bo made up by
the yearly increased acreage of rich cot
ton lands brought into cultivation west
of the Mississippi river. We had better
prepare oe,selves for a tog period of
low-priced cotton, for the outlook prom
ises nothing else, and being prepared,
wo can better endure such a calamity.
For » years we have relied ... eo.to
alone with which to purchase every
thing else. During that time we have
made not less than 20,000,000 of bales,
Worth at a moderate estimate, fully
$800,000,000. What has become of this
vast amount of money, which, if kept
at home, would have made us one of tho
richest states in tho Union? It has all
gone to pay the farmers and manufac
turers of the north and east for supplies
of various kinds, every item of which
we could and should have produced
within our own borders. Suppose we
had made only 10,000,000 bales in the
past 33 years, and in addition
had prodnced a11 the SUppHeS that
' ve ^ ftve ^ ou8dt from other states,
“ « »« -« '»
bntt.r off by *400.000,000 (ban wo arc at
present? The entire property of the
state, cities included, is now but a little
over $400,000,000, and the farmers of
Georgia ought ~ alone to have been richer
h _ thi . t am011Jlt ’ h „ d thev y not been
de!ud ® d by th , ° * ,, ll aotton fallacy . „ -
^ ok around f ou iu 3 ’our different
communities and note the successful
farmeas of your acquaiutau.ee; invaria
bly you will find them to be the men
who "ai.ed have diversified their So.L crops and
,bcir aappb,,. or
section ” can ’brosner -prosper that that relies relies entirely entirely
on one crop. Kansas tried it with wheat,
uutil most of ber farms we remortgaged ruin'
11 ew - a utter ‘ 11111 '
itls . said, by the “hen . the cow.”
ana
Now, with diversified farming, she is
again on the road to prosperity.
I write as a farmer to farmers know,
in g and appreciating appreciating the tne difficulties difficulties in in
the way, but I believe they can all be
overcolue bra ' persistent [ and determined
., T ,
p 1 lt „ / „ 0
" '
means advise the abandonment of cot
ton culture, for we have no other money
crop upon which we can with absolute
certainty . depenu; . -sit-i but I do urge upon,
ana p! ' ead ,nth each ana e J el 7 l3mer
iu the state, to plant no seed of cotton,
until he tuts planted such an acreage of
1 • ‘ p 1
3 * °w on lii« land, that, let the season be
dr - v ° r wet, ho will bo assured of ftbnn
daut and varied provisionerops. In ad-
dition to tr, this li- let p nroner P® attention be
given to the raising ot stoc .. I kinds,
particularly cattle, hogs and poultry.
With proper management, it is easier
and cheaper to raise a pound of pork or
, pend of any kind of peltry, than «
i B to raise a pound of cotton, and yet a
pound of pork is worth as much and a
pound of poultry from two to three
times as much as a pound of cotton.
The papers stated that Atlanta alone
used 10,000 turkeys on
day, and I venture to say that nine
tenths of them came from Tennessee
and Kentucky. What a commentary
on onr method of farming !
A . good , , beginning . has . , been __. made in
the right direction in the sowing of the
largest wheat crop probably in the late
history of the state. A fair crop of fall
oats . , has also . , been planted, T , , , but . the or>T _
age should be doutiled or trebled with
oat delay. Prepare to plant a good corn
crop, not to. than ... unmo.otk.
plow; and be sure to either
field peas in your corn at the last plow
ing, or dron them on, or by the side of the
corn rows at the the second second plowing. nlowinfi- Then
prepare not less than five acres to the
plow for such crops as gronndpeas, po
tatoes, sugarcane, millet, etc. After
that ’ rmt p *ph nerpq ’ ‘ -,- u i no more in
cotton, regardless ot who may advise
you to the contrary. A crop like this
will give you L 25 acres to the plow, and
that that is i- enough nn( rh fn.- foi Nnrrh liorth Pemrfa Georgia.
though in Middle and Sou Georgia, a
few more acres might be cultivated in
corn or groundpeas.
Rnv Buy as a q little littif, guano miann as possible, nnssible but but
use all the homemade fertilizeis that
you can get together between this and
planting time. ’
btop buying i hoehandles, v„ ashelves, l i
hames and other things that jou can
and should make at home on rainy days,
Never "e'er go t0 to town town wFh %>ldl an ° empty mpty
wagon, but always carry something to
sell, if only a load of wood.
Buy nothing on credit if you can pos
siDiy siblv avoid avoid it Better better suffer suffer some some pri- pn
vations than go in debt.
If we would be independent and
perous, wo must farm on the lines sug
gested. No other road will If ad us out
of the woods ii* which we are now al*
most hopelessly lost—but if we will fol
low low the the course course I I have have endeavored endeavored to to
blaze out, we will in a short time be a
happy, prosperous and contented people.
In the laudable effort to become self
sustaining, all must lend a hand. The
merchants mswimniQ ami and Hia the landlords lmdini-riamn can greatly
aid m the good work by not insisting
tliat their customers and tenants shall
plant a large cotton crop in order to get
cnnnlips P P * ■ This pnnran ' 5 ’ inriiortn L r,nr p
sued, has resulted . greatly *. .'
m increasing
the cotton acreage, to the serious in
j»o-I me, „e« a, rnto-ol
ah hands concerned. If they would try
the opposite course, extending aid and
credit only to those who make their
food sr.ppl.es, bow differ... and how
gratifying would be the result. I ap
peal particularly to the merchants, who,
by their insistence on a large cotton
before oredi. weld be oalebded,
have piactically killed the goose that
laid the golden egg. ” Let them “face
about” and refuse credit to their cue
tomera who may contemplate planting
ft large cotton acreage. If such a course
should be adopted and carried out, it
needs no gift of prophecy to foretell
that a vast amount of poverty and snf
fering would be banished from our
State.
I am more than willing to help on this
good cause by every means in my power,
f^ 16 greatest reward that the con
duct of this department could offer me
would be the satisfaction of feeling that
^ degree, ad a > dad m . restoring ^ though to in the a very suffering small
““‘f' —
ptospemy which .hoy once enjoyed.
G. B. otevens, Gommissioaer.
7 ~ ~
°', wr ,e * OKt '
Start 0 . ... the plows as soon as possible, ...
and finlsh sowing wheat and oats. Take
advantage of every day when the ground
is i„ suitable condition and speed the
ploW) that you may be ready to plant
the vario „ s crops at the proper time,
Subsoi ] ( or at ]east double furrow as
muc j 1 o£ y 0nr laud as possible, particu
... “* “T “«?’ S< " Sh ,
”“
aUa " u ” artane * Arrange ior a good
garden by heavy manuring rC and deep
, = j nd * in m bouth c n „»n Georgia plant
th ° hardler Tegetab es the latter part of
the month. Daring the many days that
jt will be too wet to plow, repair the
fences, gates, terraces, etc. Make your
?0Uip0Sti; mis your fertlhzers; . ... haul ,
3eaTes and keep ^ stoek ^ eU ^ed;
gQod bomemade handles iu all your
. , fz!* d kpo „ I f tnwn m„.
much of this month is often inttered
away in comparative idleness, many
f arii! p r3 thinking thev hare plenty *„ of
ti , d in . vhi( , h to nr(1 ‘ *
*
, , ^ ^or p^untiiiaTj , .. mid . tueu ,, suouiG . _ ,, keli*
niarv aud Mareh verv wef> plaaling
time wifi catch them unprepared.
„ Kainti , M neater „ Th»n _. „ Muriate- , ,
“Throughout the entire south wo
Bot j c6 a tendency among farmers to
purchase kamit in preference to the
other salts of potash, we presume be
cause it is lowest in price cer ten, ” re
marks a writer in Texas Farm and
R“<f "At™ n toiulf a. US :-y„„
than a tea of muriate sr $ 45 ; wriie the
freight on each would h> the sane, the
former would contain but 240 pounds
Of pure potash to tho tcu. while the iat
ter is half potash, or 1.000 pounds to the
pea Ub the sewe et economy, if from
lift other cause, ibis Is.lit* tt$t «kos*.4
k<- - .llC. S4r,
QUERIES AND REPLIES
INFORMATION FOR FARMERS AS
FURNISHED BY COMMIS
, - sTFVFNS * *
---.
UQ5iT 0 N VARIOUS SUBJECTS
_
0llt „ c „„ Be B „
stored, tae Eradication of Ber
inuda aud Other Grasses.
Georgia Question.—I have am just a bought new comer to
and a farm in
Cobb ’ county. f One | ^6^“^ ?
grow Eh of p nes> alld ti e i alJ d is
s;u d to be worn our. Can this land be re
scored, and if so how? It lias a clay subsoil.
Answer.—N o laud in Georgia is
“worn out,” it it has a clav ' subsoil, and
the top goil is not all wash d away . B y
continuous planting of a single crop the
plane food preferred by that crop may
be so reduced in the soil that good re
suits can no longer be attained.
0r a long snccessi0!1 of clean
culture crops—such as cotton—might
so exhaust the humus in the s<
ǣȣ*
nQt mean that the ]and is wom ont by
au y means, for judicious cropping for a
few years will make it fertile* My ad
vice is to cut down the pines at once
and burn them on the land. Then
break the ground c!ose and deep> and
afterwards harrow in a bushel of “Burt”
oars to the acre, harrowing in with the
onts *100 pounds of a good, complete fer
tilizer. As soon as the oats are bar
V0sted bl . oadcasi; and p i ow ; u ; to 5
pecks of field peas to the acre, turning
under with the peas 200 pounds of aide
phosphate ^ * and 100 pounds * of kainit.
his wm insnre flne f
an(i a g COci ot - Y j ueg
the peas when ripe, but let the vines
remain upon the land. About Nov. 1
tTiru nud “ r the dead pea vines and sow
. fejj of Georgia raise d rye to the
to be turned under in tiie spring J
before it runs up to head.
The turning under of the pea vines
and rye ^ will furnish sufficient humus to
^ tov , arrallt the p i antiug of a
co v n or cotton neeZf cron afterwards Huimm
is the great most of onr lands
that have been cropped so long in cot
ton, and-without its presence the appli
cation of commercial fertilizers is money
thrown away. A judicious rotation of
crops, in which the sowing of field peas
should always hold a f prominent place,
nt exhausCi( u of humusin the
soil, and would diminish the amount of
gocalled worn out land in Georgia.—
State Agricultural Department,
Pay From Mills and Butter.
several Question.—I can sell the gallon, milk from I
cows at 20 cents a or
can sell the butter made from the same
30 cents a pound . whio h will
pay the best?
Answer,—T he sale of the milk will
bo much more profitable than the sale
of the butter at the prices mentioned,
The milk from an average dairy cow
^ m oontaln £rom 3 to 5 per cent, of tint
ter iat One pound of butter fat will
make a little more than 1 pound of but
ter. Therefore it would take 33}^
pounds, or 4 gallons of milk testing 3
per cent of butter fat to make 1 pound
of b , jtter j t wou j d take 25 pounds of
milk, or 3 gallons, testing 4 per cent of
p .‘ ’ f^ 1^7“,|KSi/!
. con ( . Qf bRt r would ta t, to make 1 pound
o£ butter. You thus get in tho
first place SO cents, in the second 60
’ 5S*U?^«6ata5hS!.'S
eacd case would only bring you 30
cen ta, of course, in making the'butter,
you would have the buttermilk left,
£ vatoto «»£«
f odowdlg tab ; e g j ve tde exacl; Bum .
ber of pounds of milk required to make
iat
Fa t in Milk. 1 ib Batter.
2.8..............................81.1
££;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; i © ??
8.4 .............................. 25. iO
3.<i..............................24.2
' !....
4 4-© ........ 21.
4 ^................. ■ 1| CG
...!.,.....!............ ! h*
5 . 0 17 **•
5.4..............................16. >-*
............................. d
P o!!" "!!!! *!!! 11!!!!!!!!!!:!! Imb
1 P
r* miik i5
A quart of weighs 2. pounds. —>
state Agricultural Department.
, raiT „._ taa ,
to take one of my best fields in spite of
all my efforts to get rid of it.
give me directions by Which 1 oan ester.
minafe itf '
Answer. -If tho grass is • confined , to
°ne field I would not try to eradicate it,
bat 'Tf aId rat ber ^^nrage its growth,
fhe^eaSe h rirT ^st paTtum^e thk“t
von'could possibly have for all kinds of
stock and would iu that way pay yon
better than any laud op your farm Our
farms ia this state have too little land
feed. feed, teed, ior »,“ 12 d months 'Mf !ote m thq
T ear - to the detriment^of oqr pockets and
injury of our stooa, that are never so
he8 Uhv as when on a good pasture.
If yon are determined to get rid of
the Bermuda grass the folldwmg plan
will answer the purposes, living as you
do in North Georgia:
As a freeze will kill the Bermuda
grass roots, you should at once bring
them to the surface by running un1e?
f hea > ' nth a turning plow, just
deep enough . to get under the
roots. After a freeze, harrow the
ground “Bart” thoronghiv being and sow iu oats,
the variety preferable at
thi3 late date iu the season. As soon as
you harvest the oats, sow down in cow
P® as T je raie °f five to six packs to the
acre. ^ Xii© , s ra s s “so roots that through Bscaosd tlie thl
ze wm be shaded
spring aud summer by the oats and poa
vines 'hat most of fhoiu will die
°at ad the remainder will be very
muca cateebied. Bright suamino ia
essential for a vigorous .rowth of thia
grass, and continuous shade results ig
its certain death.
second If necessary, repeat th-j^ treatment the ft
year, h oaiy turning g -rdr
T ,?s t0 i .f snrface after each .
KS'
era hears tha:
]> a grass. — state Agriouitui®
Be linens.
ever thf [“antmg'a^
be strewn along
it.
ground middles, I advise the u^o W***
pea, dropping one every L 3
mcnes. Planted with the ,
broken they will take
ap ’ bnt ln m J experience you ^
stand. They should planted get a
th he in
s Way immediately after
corn. Many, however, prefer P ellin
the peas, and in that r- 6 i 3
should be done two ® l>hn ^Z
to th wml ^
Some farmer
differ with me in ,„1 1 “'
planting regard o b earl y
of the aim , lea ,■ 10ned
but '- crops,
from long oh earT” 0 / 1 ° f resnlts
am satisfied that 1
crop gives the head of
t yield Gr eai
should '
care be u««rt 'thoro • is°* ,
8ee d com, as ^
amount of damaged corn thk* season
much of which is bar 1 t to a detect with. i
. f , .
i ,, 00 kj ug ears hav^^^ntt^f ve a rotten 117 cob, with
01 » the ■ discolored
GU cannot be too and
ctlnR careful in
Y- S ®if se ed as the en
t} ’
\ R b kiddie and Aua uSSnf upper portions , dS of th$
Dfr ^ate . tna „ o same general directions
P ou ing will that f os
app.y, save thetim#
„n^ P a 1 !£ f®:L later ,.^ Ild later “swa
‘ A: 1 r . *u« 1
r tremes of the state. When the monn.
a 11 s ?° lc ‘ ! 1 J* 5 rea ched ground peaj
, a , ^ , Pe profitable
“® ^ id p fu sh i >u ld , a be saDs ^ted crop, and f
them. The advice - to 7 feet c »
as rows f 0 ,
corn, of conrse, applies only to uplands,
1M UT er and creek bottoms will beal
“a® , .
o a y cane should a so be planted t „ tbfl
j^st be deeply of this broken month. and 1 he well ground fertilized shonl^ fo*
lS “ 1G stalks are long cni
.
J® 4 the the whole l! \ ldant in 3
p ’ ece f f stalks lap, ,
for one-third of their length. By tin*
pian you wiu^ get a, better stand.
Commercial fertilizers are best fcf
BU " ar ca | ie , as stable manure heavily
apphed gives the syrup a dark color aul
an unpleasant taste. Tnere is very lit.
pi ont in making s *iup to scij
w
at lo to 18 cents a gallon, as at
P r6s o^ t; but if greater care were used,
resnltmg in a fine article of syrup, and
tne same should be put up m half-gal.
and gaiAon umi^, attractively
* belleve cane-growing could t»
” lade Y ery P rof;tabic , ' rhe ma P le 6 ? ra 3
from the norm is put , up m this way,
aad re;ui ’ ‘>’ se better h® fo. than high prices, best thongli
noc a our eanj
s >' r ’ a P- J-ne.e is great room tor inn
P r °Nement here. Irish po atoes shon'4
be planted thu inenth, also all hardj
garden vegetables, bhould a cold snap
threaten atter they are up, cover lightly
with straw or leaves, which will afford
ample protection. Don’t fail to mak«
every effort to have a good garden, fot
no other ground on the farm will pay
one-fourth as ntnch on the investment
will a fertile and well-cultivated garden,
It is to be hoped that you have given
ample care to your stock of varionl
kinds during the severe weather through
which we have passed. A good thick
as bed much of straw appreciated or^ leaves by under your stock shelter, aur* J
ing cold and wet winter nights, as yon»
own comfortable bed is by yourself.
merciful man is merciful to his beast,
and will ®J
® ur improvident farmers will permit nerrnil
their cows to stand all night m a wet lo;
drawn up in fence corners, shivering
with cold and hunger, while their hogi
oKb^tbUTnS old outhouse, S3
in the dust under some
This picture is not overdrawn, but catt
be seen in every neighborhood in thl
SS ot SfafSSto h&*
better care of your animals, you
best sell them to some neighbor wh®
will care for them. This nnstreatmen
g.S?43KS2
and will quickly disappear, when ot®
people learn that there are many arm
^itlL^^e'aLunfof weTw^thot thre®
that we have had during the past
months has very much delayed th#
work of the plow, but we must not ott
ou““ wd? wh en tooV™. Thi
would be almost certainly fatal to tk#
cr0 p that follows and might diminish
the productiveness of such land for mV
^ayftod plenty attention, of 1 work whether on his plaos ith#
requiring his gained by
wet or dry, and nothing is
plowing the land when not in prop#
^sap'plies not only to The the passage^ top^
but the subsoil as well
the plow through either, when
iWtSZTS&SZlSStSS 1L ^“ toTclop “ E. «
Commissioner of Agrieoltnrft
Rise of Foam In Churns.
Question.— Why is it that sometime
in churning foam will rise in the enura
and it will take hours for the butter to
“come?”
Answer.—O ne of the best autkoritiei
on the subject gives the following rev
sons for the condition you mention:
1. The temperature is not right— nl*
ually the cream is too cold in the chnrn.
2. The cream may have been kept to#
long- “strip* . .
3. The cream of a “farrow” or
per” cow may be causing the trouble.
4. The cream may be too thin—6”
rid of some of the skim-milk.
5. The cream may be too thick-ado#
little skim-milk or water.
6. Tho churn is too full.
To make good butter the cream whe*
churned should have temperature 1
a
between 55 and 75 degrees. If the tea*
perature is below 55 degrees the butte*
will “oome” readily, and if ab °T* I
not
degrees tho product is apt to be a w
butter. Overchnrning ^
spongy mustbj
to be guarded against, and care
taken to stop the churning at the
where the butter separates itself 0
the milk. Otherwise the granular »
and character of the bu
pearance have_
will be lost, and you will
fatty product—State Agncult
partmenk ___
