Newspaper Page Text
You ean buy ice i of me in any quantity at anY time. Also you can 1
you i orders for ice cream , any quantity,at my store and it will recei ve
i * ■CMMF
attention. You will also be pleased with my summer arinKs.
Bring us your bie\ e ] es for repair. W. W. T. Ste orart.
I ERTfLIZERS AND OILS
Commissioner 0, B. Stevens’
Monthly Talk to Fanners.
fbirtlul Kcvh W of I lie Work of t lie Ag¬
ricultural Department to Date.
When I first came into the agricult¬
ural department, believing that the pub¬
lic demands required that we should
have a perfect record of all the acts and
doings in this department, so that the
people at all times might bo able to get
such information as we could furnish,
or that, the public might desire, 1 inau¬
gurated a thorough system of bookkeep¬
ing, by means of which this information
could be readily obtained. For want of
sufficient means with which to do the
work of the department, we have been
handicapped to some extent. However,
the records are in such shape that auy
matter pertaining to this office can he
fully and perfectly understood, and
every item that comes into the depart
ment or goes cut of it is fully accounted
for. 1 believe that the public is entitled
to know what this department of the
nate government is doing.
ON THE QUESTION OF FERTILIZERS.
Having had some 30 years’ experience
In the use of fertilizers, ami having
some knowledge of tho ingredients
which go to make up these mixtures, I
have done my best to seo that consumers
thould be thoroughly protected, as is
now provided for by law. With this
object, in view I have visited in person
a number of the larger manufacturing
establishments and examined the crude
material, to satisfy myself that it was
such as would produce good results, and
was suitod to tho purpose for which it
was intended—that of supplying the
elements of a wholesome crop food.
These personal inspections have been
thorough, nml 1 hope have brought
About good results. Early in last Feb
rnnry 1 published in the press of the
state the following article:
“Upon the question of fertilizers there
has heretofore been great complaint
among tho people of the state—espe
cmlly from the consumers—that the
inspections and analyses of fertilizers
were not complete, and that tbe plant
ers were not properly protected by this
department. Now, whether there has
been any reason for this general talk I
do not know; but in order that there
may be no ground for such complaints
in the future, I have fully made up my
mind, as far as it is possible for this de
partment to do, 1 will inspect nil of tho
fertilissers and have analyses made of
the same. With this in view I am now
getting up samples from all parts of the
state wnero goods can be found, and I
have urged the inspectors to bo diligent
in making their inspections, in order to
get proper and correct samples, that both
the consumer and manufacturer may
be properly protected.
“One other thing. I invito all of the
consumers of tliostate, and rotail agents
who are selling to consumers, that when
they desire an inspection made of for
tilizers iu their hands, if they will make
such a request of this department, I
will havo an inspector to go at once,
take samples and send them to this de*
partment, when an analysis will bo
made.
“In making such inspections it is proper
to state that in no case will they bo
made from broken bags or packages,
When a sample is taken from a package
It must be in its original condition.
This is the law under which we are
working.
“As a matter of fa •!, the consumers of
fertilizers pay all of the tax ou fertiliz¬
ers sold in this state, therefore thov are
entitled to full and ample protection;
and, so far as this department is con¬
cerned, it will bo my pleasure to see
that all safeguards are thrown around
that the law allows. No mauufactu
rer will object to this. Honest ntanu
facturers and dealers are willing to have
n true and correct inspection and analy
•is made of their goods.”
The above has been strictly complied
with. Hundreds of special samples
have leen sent to this department, and
in every instance the analysis has been
promptly made and the result mailed to
the party at interest. I trust that the
methods adopted by me have brought
about good results and that the farmers
and consumers feel that they bave been
amply protected by the Department of
Agriculture in this particular, for it has
been my most earnest desire to see that
such should be the case.
I am clearly of the opinion that the
multipiicity of brands of fertilizers is
wrouir and misleading. For instance,
we have registered in this department
lorn? 1.830 brands, wuea in reality wa
rnou.r. not have over ten grades of fer¬
tilizers. I do not believe that guanos
should be sole by brand, but that they
should 1 e so d by grade, for the very
reason that the multiplicity of brands
now on the market create confusion and
are calculated to mislead the farmer.
We have so much 11 law upon thts 1 • ques
tion that ,t is difficult for the inanufact
nrers to conform strictly to all require
for this department to construe these
.
TIIK QUESTION OF OILS.
This department has charge of the oil
business of the state. I have the ap¬
pointment of the local oil inspectors.
These inspectors are required to inspect
all oils that come into the state. They
are required to reject all oils that do not
up to the test required by law of
120 degrees Fahrenheit, and to make
monthly and quarterly reports to this
office, showing the test of each ship
ment of oil that is permitted to go to
sale, and to remit the moneys belonging
to the state to the state treasurer. I
have kept a perfect record of all the
acts and doings of each inspector in
Georgia. Looking to the more thorough
inspection of oil sold in this state, and
believing that wo should have a better
grade than was then being sold, so early
as last winter, when the legislature
was in session, I requested that body
to permit me to appoint an oil
inspector for the state at large, whose
duty it should be to overlook the work
of the local inspectors, to see that
their instruments were in proper condi*
tion. to seo that the methods employed
in inspecting oil were propor and uni
form, as recommended by the state
In addition to this, it would
be his duty, acting in co-operation with
the local inspectors, to see that every
tank, barrel or package of oil that came
the state was properly inspected and
branded bofore the same should ho per
mitted to go to sale. While I make no
charge or insinuation against either of
the oil companies now doing business in
this state, at the same time I conceive it
to be the duty of this department to Bee
tkat nono but pure oil is permitted to
go to sale, iu order that tho life and
property of the people shall bo fully
and amply protected. Entertaining
those views, I urged tho legislature to
pass the bill related to; but for some
reason it failed to receive the sanction
of that body. Therefore, I have been
forced to rely entirely upon tho local
inspectors and upon my \ orsoaal efforts
to see that the requirements of the law
are complied with. The result of these
efforts have boen shown by the letter of
the state chemist to mo, and by the or
dors subsequently issued by this depar
ment, all of which will bo found else
were iu this monthly talk. I have been
as diligent as possible iu protecting tho
peoplo, and in every way that I could
under the present law, which I re
gavdod as defective in many particu
lars. However, tho people trom now
need have no fear that any spurious oils
will be sold in this state. During the
present month I havo seized and con
detuned about 750,000 gallons of oil,
at different points, careful analysis
by the state chemist and oil inspectors
in those places having shown said
oil to be below tho safety tost required
by the laws of Georgia. Tho refiners
have been notified to bring said oil up T
^ to the , , legal , standard, , , or eise , louiove it
front the state, and I shall see to it that
this order is strictly enforced. I have
made it. a personal duty to sec that the
various inspectors of the state iuspoct
properly and scientifically the oils that
pass through their hands; ami I hope
when the legislature meets it will give
us such laws as will more fully and am¬
ply protect the people iu this state.
THE CROPS.
I regret to say that in many parts
of our state we have had no rain for
from eight to nine weeks, and
in some sections the corn crop,
it would appear, will be almost a
failure, The cotton is quite small.
but with good seasons from now ou we
may have a fairly good crop. I
nr ?e our farmers to commence at the
earliest moment to save all the
forage they can, in order to helpoutthe
short crop, and early in the season they
should put in plenty of oats and wheat,
tliat may uot bo necessary to buy
f eC( i stuff next spring and summer,
In conclusion, let me again urge upon
tlie farmers of Georgia to continue the
reform in our system of farming. We
should by all means raise everything
possible that is used upon the farm, at
home, thereby making our cotton crop
a surplus. Let us make one more des
perate effort to raise our own provi
sious, and compost our own
and breed our own stock, and just
far as possible pay cash for
we buy. We cannot afford to buy pro¬
visions at time prices, and raise cotton
to sell at the present market value. This
moans ruin to the farmers and will hold
in check the progress of our entiie
stil,e You will note in each comum
n ^7 ,bat ,bft Winters ’ v '^ 10 prosper are
£ the corn ^ raisers the man who rai-e thmr
™^f ie Te Jore make eaTn cotton !
P« ^ ^ aud crov K
ou your farm the things that are used
at your home. When we hare aceom
plished this we have reached the point
of prosperity, and not only will the
farmers be benefited, but every class of
people in Georgia.
O. B. Stevens, Commissioner.
• 2 ,.
REJECTED OILS.
Emergency It port of the Slate
Chemist on Oils.
Atlanta. Ga., July 3. 1899.
Hon. O. B. Stevens, Commissioner of
Agriculture:
Dear Sir— During the past winter and
spring you sent several of your newly
appointed oil inspectors * to . me to . , be in- .
structed , m . tho , use of their instruments.
My attention was in this way called to
the very crude and ancient instrument
which we have been using for testing
oils in Georgia for many years past,
and also to the very bad, and unfortu¬
nately worded law on the subject now
on the statute books of the state, feus
pectiug that, the methods in use were
giving us but little protection from uu
*Rf e oils, during a lull in the enormous
volume of fertilizer analysis we have
been doing, I suggested that you order
each of the inspectors to send me a Sam
P^ 6 °h to tos b together with the re
their tests. Accordingly, under
d ate May 24, you sent each one a cir
cn l ar l e *ter ordering them to do so. As
^ f° un( i opportunity, I tested all of these
°^ s carefully, and found my suspicions
confirmed. There were notable differ
ences between my results and those of
a number of tho inspectors, lkese dif¬
ferences were sufficient to throw some
of the oils even below the dangerously
^ ow prescribed by the statute,
Your inspectors are not to be b.anted
for these> differences, but th-RLvs\ itsel ,
an( | instrument used, which is pre
sciibed by the law. ibe instrument
1196,1 58 known a8 Tagliabue s open
fQ6tel 1 it consists of a small glass vesse ,
' s immersed in a copper vessel
containing water. The water is heated
by a small alcohol lamp, which trans
mits its heat through the water to the
oil. Now, the law prescribes just how
tho test is to bo made as follows: “Heat
with alcohol, small flame; when tho
thermometer indicates 90 degrees Fall
renheit remove lamp, at 95 degrees try
for flash with small bead of fire ou end
of string, held within a quarter of an
inch of the surface of the oil. Replace
lamp and work oil up gradually from
this point, until tho burning point is
reached, removing lamp every four de
grees and allowing oil to run up three
degrees before replacing lamp, flashing
oil each time just before iamn is
placed, until result is obtained.”
Evidently the author of the above be¬
lieved that “language was designed to
concoal thought. ” Lotus suppose the
. ccror .... tesf and *° , ,,
1 ' 13 ! * n '' vln ^ '' s ‘ owln g
* le sttut etter 0 J16 a ' v - - Lt us SU P‘
poso that he has brought the oil up
a temperature of 116 degrees and has
tried for flash without result, he re .
places bis l..m P , following waits' tbe strict let
ter of the law and till the tern
perature reaches 120 degrees, when he
removes the lamp and then waits till
the temperature reaches 123 degrees be¬
fore he tries for flash again. We have
hero an interval of 7 degrees, at any one
of which the oil may have flashed or
burned without the inspector, who
tracked the law closely, being aware of
it. Evidently this is nonsense, and can
not be the meaning of the law, because
the law also says “no kerosene or fluid
of any sort, the fire test of which is less
than 120 degrees Fahrenheit, shall be
sold within this state,” and yet, accord
ing to the formula prescribing the exact
way in which to make the test, it would
be impossible to detect an oil, tbe fire
test of which lay between 116 degrees
and 120 degrees Fahrenheit, the legal
limit. Again, what does the “fire test”
mean? Does it mean the “flash” point
or the “burning point of the oil? It
cannot be settled except a3 against the
consumer, from the languago of this
law; evidently the flash point is th-j
point of danger, or tho point at which
inflammable, explosive vapor is given
off; and yet the law says “work the oil
up gradually until the burning point ij
reached, flashing the oil each time, un
til the result is obtained.” What re¬
sult? Manifestly the burning point
Now if this law was not drawn by the
attorney* »nd ebemists of the oil
panieF, it might just as well have been.
Nothing whatever is said in the law
about the necessity for avoiding dratt-<
air ' m igbt blow away the
va P oi: froni tile surface of the testing
cn P before ,he °P erator conld apply hig
flame, no caution to the operator td
avoid .. . breathing . . the . surface, either .
upon
of which accidents would cause the oil
to appear better than it really was. J
mention these as some of the reasons
whv b .J“?“ h t0 >' 01lr ln ‘
s P eetors ’ ^ tb eir results vaned a few
^ e S rees from mine, or for that matter
eveu ^ fue v passed almost “any old
-
,bat m ’® bt be put upon tbe market.
The investigations of tbe British gov
ernment, of Drs. Chandler and Elliott,
chemists for the Now York state board
of health, have demonstrated conclu¬
sively that the open form of tester is a
wholly unreliable instrument, and that
a closed tester, imitating as nearly as
possible the conditions which obtain in
an ordinary lamp, is the form which
should be adopted. Elliott, after trying
all the various forms of open and closed
testers in use, finally settled upon a
form of closed tester which gave him
the most uniform results, and which
was adopted by V, the state board of
health ... of New York. The New York
, law . the fact that the , flash „
recognizes
point is the danger point, the point at
which explosive, inflammable vapors
are given off. It says nothing about
“Fire test or burning point,’’ but adopts
100 degrees F., in a tester like a lamp,
as the limit below which an oil shall
not. flash. I have made tests of some 30
different oils from different parrs of the
state by our own tester and also by the
New York state instrument, and my
results fully confirm theirs. Only two
oils out of the 30 examined would be al
lowed to go to sale in the state of New
Ycrk. Many of those which would bo
rejected iu New York as unsafe andun>
fit for public use would not only pass in
our state, but would be regarded as ex¬
tra good quality. Some of our oils, also
in tbe New York instrument, at the or
Jmary tion of temperature any heat, would without emit the explosive applica¬
vapor. There is a clause in our law
which says: “The firo test shali be de¬
termined by an inspector, who shall
use Tagliabue’s or other well defined in
strument f.reacribed hj the CjnimUs-oner
of Agriculture.” Now, sir, I recom¬
mend that you taka advantage of this
clause and immediately order the adop
tion of the New York state instrument
by your inspectors. While it is true
tho law says nothing about yoifr chang¬
ing the fire test of 12o degrees F., it
does authorize you to change the instru¬
ment, and must, by implication, givo
you tho power to change the tempera¬
ture and mode of operation to that most
suitable for the new instrument adopted.
I issue this, sir, as an Emergency I!s ort
i
iu view of the quantity of^- svc oil at
present ou the market in *eorgia, and
against which our preseut law and sys
t6 f . . afford
m ° UlSpectlou the I K?0 '' ,!e no
^ he , eqna “ meeting P rotectlou of tue Between legislature now I pro alld
^ 0 g ° n ‘ ore '^roughly into the sub¬
,ha ’ 1 t 1 bave as vet had au oPP^ru
-
mty *° d °’ a,ul snbluit t0 ? ou a fimher
report and recommendations on tbe sub¬
ject. Respectfully submitted.
John M. McCandless,
State Chemist.
Atlanta, Ga., July 5, 1899.
By the Commissioner Ordered:
leS8 . ^ - ^ the chemist, ” port °f having Dr ‘ J ' this f L ^ day lcCan<i been *
re « e,ved 011 illuminating oils now being
^ d > a ^ state of Georgia, it is ordered
that said rep rt shall be spread upon
the minute book of the department.
It is further ordered that a copy of
said report, together with the attached
order, shall be sent to each inspector of
illuminating oils in this state.
O. B. Stevens, Commissioner.
TO TIIE 011 - inspectors of the state.
Enclosed please find the report of Dr.
J. M. McCandiess, state chemist, on il
laminating oils now being sold in the
state of Georgia. You will noto from
this report that he has good reason tc
believe that a large quantity of the oils
placed on the market are uot up to the
requirements of the law now of force,
The .Ire test is 120 degrees Fahrenheit,
It is therefore ordered that you con
dttnn, seize and hold every gallon of oil
within your territory that does not come
up to the fire test as required by tho
laws of Georgia. When this is done,
notify this department at once, and
await further instructions as to the dis
posal of the same,
Yonrs truly,
O. B. Stevens, Commissioner.
The remainder of the Con;
miesioner‘8 talk will follow next
•
;iu m
ggr riliz OLD hjeliabli;
Tii is firm has a reputation too well ’Hl EaTotallj
a
known to need comment, but " isI ‘ =o call at J
tion to the fact that we are carrying ir j
an nmens
stock of
Dry Goods, Notions, Clothing, Rats|
Snoss, Family, Fancy and Heavy G^q
ceries, etc. We sell at reasonable!
prices and our values are always bad
ed on the quality of article sold,
vv © onit. give some special
values in Spring Clothing
and Gents Furnishin O’a 55
Give us a call and you will be cor.J
vinced that we can give satisfaction
J. if. lliM&ND co.
"• » I wtm 7T haw3jw»KantWi>i| wwninwi.W
iibi Mwrfu wi i Van nwitfisitfra ■» I I.
i nr
n w
rf mi
f.
Cott^yers, G-a.
Mums ii Enritfs 1 ii
Center street,
• -A % t -s4>l~ •
We will buy and pay highest 8?
CASH price for all
Chickens, Eggs, Butter, Bees*
Tallow, Hides, Green or Dry 3)i
sell your produce till you see us,
the spot CASH for you.
The Conyers Produce(
8. L. Airaand. Bus 1 11
i 1
LEGALADVERTISE
MENTS.
IROIi DIMSISSION.
Georgia Rockdale Comity.
To whom it may concern:—Win. L
PeeK executor of Janies M White late
of said county deceased having made
a, final return and applied for a dis¬
charge from this trust as such exe¬
cutor. This is to cite all persons con¬
cerned to show cause against the
granting of this discharge if any they
can, on or before the first Monday in
August 1889, when the same will be
passed upon, Given uniter my hand
and official signature.
This May 20, 1899.
A M Helms, Ord.
Administrator’s Stile.
Will be sold before tbe court house
in the city of Conyers, Ga., wi th¬
in the legal hours of sale, on the first
Tuesday in August 1899, to the high¬
bidder, one brick store room and
lot. known as the Dr. J A Stewart of¬
fice. situated on the corner of Com¬
merce street and Warehouse Alley
Size of room 24 x 50 feet; size of lot 25
% x 70 C> feet. To ne sold as the prop
of Dr. J A Stewart deceased.
H Alinand holos the titles to
property fora balance on pur¬
money for same, blit will make
titles to purchaser under this sale on
sale: of such purchase fourth easlu money.
of one one
fourth Nov. 1 1900, one fourth Nov 1.
1901. the remaining one fourth Nov. 1
1902. with seven per cent, interest
annually, on deferred pay
nif tlts -
Jolm H Almand, Admr.
of the Estate of J A Stewart, dec.
GEORGIA, Rockdale
Notice is hereby given
dersigned lias applied for to lef e
rv of said county t’
the real estate belonging 1
Mrs. N. C. Alniaiid for
of distribution among tw
said deceased, fettid
be heard at the reguuu
court of ordinary for saio
be held i». on the Tte first M<h;<$
I
ABOVE >
SEA- f
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dahlcnes^N edueftt *
A college - s
Normal B ; .. es .
3.S., v
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from xo
or tellers; nrivat3 fell v i - ^ ^
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control t-t the o-’-,: =■
story tii?
