Conyers weekly. (Conyers, GA.) 1895-1901, July 29, 1899, Image 4
You ean buy ice i of me in any quantity at anY time. Also you can 1 you i orders for ice cream , any quantity,at my store and it will recei ve i * ■CMMF attention. You will also be pleased with my summer arinKs. Bring us your bie\ e ] es for repair. W. W. T. Ste orart. I ERTfLIZERS AND OILS Commissioner 0, B. Stevens’ Monthly Talk to Fanners. fbirtlul Kcvh W of I lie Work of t lie Ag¬ ricultural Department to Date. When I first came into the agricult¬ ural department, believing that the pub¬ lic demands required that we should have a perfect record of all the acts and doings in this department, so that the people at all times might bo able to get such information as we could furnish, or that, the public might desire, 1 inau¬ gurated a thorough system of bookkeep¬ ing, by means of which this information could be readily obtained. For want of sufficient means with which to do the work of the department, we have been handicapped to some extent. However, the records are in such shape that auy matter pertaining to this office can he fully and perfectly understood, and every item that comes into the depart ment or goes cut of it is fully accounted for. 1 believe that the public is entitled to know what this department of the nate government is doing. ON THE QUESTION OF FERTILIZERS. Having had some 30 years’ experience In the use of fertilizers, ami having some knowledge of tho ingredients which go to make up these mixtures, I have done my best to seo that consumers thould be thoroughly protected, as is now provided for by law. With this object, in view I have visited in person a number of the larger manufacturing establishments and examined the crude material, to satisfy myself that it was such as would produce good results, and was suitod to tho purpose for which it was intended—that of supplying the elements of a wholesome crop food. These personal inspections have been thorough, nml 1 hope have brought About good results. Early in last Feb rnnry 1 published in the press of the state the following article: “Upon the question of fertilizers there has heretofore been great complaint among tho people of the state—espe cmlly from the consumers—that the inspections and analyses of fertilizers were not complete, and that tbe plant ers were not properly protected by this department. Now, whether there has been any reason for this general talk I do not know; but in order that there may be no ground for such complaints in the future, I have fully made up my mind, as far as it is possible for this de partment to do, 1 will inspect nil of tho fertilissers and have analyses made of the same. With this in view I am now getting up samples from all parts of the state wnero goods can be found, and I have urged the inspectors to bo diligent in making their inspections, in order to get proper and correct samples, that both the consumer and manufacturer may be properly protected. “One other thing. I invito all of the consumers of tliostate, and rotail agents who are selling to consumers, that when they desire an inspection made of for tilizers iu their hands, if they will make such a request of this department, I will havo an inspector to go at once, take samples and send them to this de* partment, when an analysis will bo made. “In making such inspections it is proper to state that in no case will they bo made from broken bags or packages, When a sample is taken from a package It must be in its original condition. This is the law under which we are working. “As a matter of fa •!, the consumers of fertilizers pay all of the tax ou fertiliz¬ ers sold in this state, therefore thov are entitled to full and ample protection; and, so far as this department is con¬ cerned, it will bo my pleasure to see that all safeguards are thrown around that the law allows. No mauufactu rer will object to this. Honest ntanu facturers and dealers are willing to have n true and correct inspection and analy •is made of their goods.” The above has been strictly complied with. Hundreds of special samples have leen sent to this department, and in every instance the analysis has been promptly made and the result mailed to the party at interest. I trust that the methods adopted by me have brought about good results and that the farmers and consumers feel that they bave been amply protected by the Department of Agriculture in this particular, for it has been my most earnest desire to see that such should be the case. I am clearly of the opinion that the multipiicity of brands of fertilizers is wrouir and misleading. For instance, we have registered in this department lorn? 1.830 brands, wuea in reality wa rnou.r. not have over ten grades of fer¬ tilizers. I do not believe that guanos should be sole by brand, but that they should 1 e so d by grade, for the very reason that the multiplicity of brands now on the market create confusion and are calculated to mislead the farmer. We have so much 11 law upon thts 1 • ques tion that ,t is difficult for the inanufact nrers to conform strictly to all require for this department to construe these . TIIK QUESTION OF OILS. This department has charge of the oil business of the state. I have the ap¬ pointment of the local oil inspectors. These inspectors are required to inspect all oils that come into the state. They are required to reject all oils that do not up to the test required by law of 120 degrees Fahrenheit, and to make monthly and quarterly reports to this office, showing the test of each ship ment of oil that is permitted to go to sale, and to remit the moneys belonging to the state to the state treasurer. I have kept a perfect record of all the acts and doings of each inspector in Georgia. Looking to the more thorough inspection of oil sold in this state, and believing that wo should have a better grade than was then being sold, so early as last winter, when the legislature was in session, I requested that body to permit me to appoint an oil inspector for the state at large, whose duty it should be to overlook the work of the local inspectors, to see that their instruments were in proper condi* tion. to seo that the methods employed in inspecting oil were propor and uni form, as recommended by the state In addition to this, it would be his duty, acting in co-operation with the local inspectors, to see that every tank, barrel or package of oil that came the state was properly inspected and branded bofore the same should ho per mitted to go to sale. While I make no charge or insinuation against either of the oil companies now doing business in this state, at the same time I conceive it to be the duty of this department to Bee tkat nono but pure oil is permitted to go to sale, iu order that tho life and property of the people shall bo fully and amply protected. Entertaining those views, I urged tho legislature to pass the bill related to; but for some reason it failed to receive the sanction of that body. Therefore, I have been forced to rely entirely upon tho local inspectors and upon my \ orsoaal efforts to see that the requirements of the law are complied with. The result of these efforts have boen shown by the letter of the state chemist to mo, and by the or dors subsequently issued by this depar ment, all of which will bo found else were iu this monthly talk. I have been as diligent as possible iu protecting tho peoplo, and in every way that I could under the present law, which I re gavdod as defective in many particu lars. However, tho people trom now need have no fear that any spurious oils will be sold in this state. During the present month I havo seized and con detuned about 750,000 gallons of oil, at different points, careful analysis by the state chemist and oil inspectors in those places having shown said oil to be below tho safety tost required by the laws of Georgia. Tho refiners have been notified to bring said oil up T ^ to the , , legal , standard, , , or eise , louiove it front the state, and I shall see to it that this order is strictly enforced. I have made it. a personal duty to sec that the various inspectors of the state iuspoct properly and scientifically the oils that pass through their hands; ami I hope when the legislature meets it will give us such laws as will more fully and am¬ ply protect the people iu this state. THE CROPS. I regret to say that in many parts of our state we have had no rain for from eight to nine weeks, and in some sections the corn crop, it would appear, will be almost a failure, The cotton is quite small. but with good seasons from now ou we may have a fairly good crop. I nr ?e our farmers to commence at the earliest moment to save all the forage they can, in order to helpoutthe short crop, and early in the season they should put in plenty of oats and wheat, tliat may uot bo necessary to buy f eC( i stuff next spring and summer, In conclusion, let me again urge upon tlie farmers of Georgia to continue the reform in our system of farming. We should by all means raise everything possible that is used upon the farm, at home, thereby making our cotton crop a surplus. Let us make one more des perate effort to raise our own provi sious, and compost our own and breed our own stock, and just far as possible pay cash for we buy. We cannot afford to buy pro¬ visions at time prices, and raise cotton to sell at the present market value. This moans ruin to the farmers and will hold in check the progress of our entiie stil,e You will note in each comum n ^7 ,bat ,bft Winters ’ v '^ 10 prosper are £ the corn ^ raisers the man who rai-e thmr ™^f ie Te Jore make eaTn cotton ! P« ^ ^ aud crov K ou your farm the things that are used at your home. When we hare aceom plished this we have reached the point of prosperity, and not only will the farmers be benefited, but every class of people in Georgia. O. B. Stevens, Commissioner. • 2 ,. REJECTED OILS. Emergency It port of the Slate Chemist on Oils. Atlanta. Ga., July 3. 1899. Hon. O. B. Stevens, Commissioner of Agriculture: Dear Sir— During the past winter and spring you sent several of your newly appointed oil inspectors * to . me to . , be in- . structed , m . tho , use of their instruments. My attention was in this way called to the very crude and ancient instrument which we have been using for testing oils in Georgia for many years past, and also to the very bad, and unfortu¬ nately worded law on the subject now on the statute books of the state, feus pectiug that, the methods in use were giving us but little protection from uu *Rf e oils, during a lull in the enormous volume of fertilizer analysis we have been doing, I suggested that you order each of the inspectors to send me a Sam P^ 6 °h to tos b together with the re their tests. Accordingly, under d ate May 24, you sent each one a cir cn l ar l e *ter ordering them to do so. As ^ f° un( i opportunity, I tested all of these °^ s carefully, and found my suspicions confirmed. There were notable differ ences between my results and those of a number of tho inspectors, lkese dif¬ ferences were sufficient to throw some of the oils even below the dangerously ^ ow prescribed by the statute, Your inspectors are not to be b.anted for these> differences, but th-RLvs\ itsel , an( | instrument used, which is pre sciibed by the law. ibe instrument 1196,1 58 known a8 Tagliabue s open fQ6tel 1 it consists of a small glass vesse , ' s immersed in a copper vessel containing water. The water is heated by a small alcohol lamp, which trans mits its heat through the water to the oil. Now, the law prescribes just how tho test is to bo made as follows: “Heat with alcohol, small flame; when tho thermometer indicates 90 degrees Fall renheit remove lamp, at 95 degrees try for flash with small bead of fire ou end of string, held within a quarter of an inch of the surface of the oil. Replace lamp and work oil up gradually from this point, until tho burning point is reached, removing lamp every four de grees and allowing oil to run up three degrees before replacing lamp, flashing oil each time just before iamn is placed, until result is obtained.” Evidently the author of the above be¬ lieved that “language was designed to concoal thought. ” Lotus suppose the . ccror .... tesf and *° , ,, 1 ' 13 ! * n '' vln ^ '' s ‘ owln g * le sttut etter 0 J16 a ' v - - Lt us SU P‘ poso that he has brought the oil up a temperature of 116 degrees and has tried for flash without result, he re . places bis l..m P , following waits' tbe strict let ter of the law and till the tern perature reaches 120 degrees, when he removes the lamp and then waits till the temperature reaches 123 degrees be¬ fore he tries for flash again. We have hero an interval of 7 degrees, at any one of which the oil may have flashed or burned without the inspector, who tracked the law closely, being aware of it. Evidently this is nonsense, and can not be the meaning of the law, because the law also says “no kerosene or fluid of any sort, the fire test of which is less than 120 degrees Fahrenheit, shall be sold within this state,” and yet, accord ing to the formula prescribing the exact way in which to make the test, it would be impossible to detect an oil, tbe fire test of which lay between 116 degrees and 120 degrees Fahrenheit, the legal limit. Again, what does the “fire test” mean? Does it mean the “flash” point or the “burning point of the oil? It cannot be settled except a3 against the consumer, from the languago of this law; evidently the flash point is th-j point of danger, or tho point at which inflammable, explosive vapor is given off; and yet the law says “work the oil up gradually until the burning point ij reached, flashing the oil each time, un til the result is obtained.” What re¬ sult? Manifestly the burning point Now if this law was not drawn by the attorney* »nd ebemists of the oil panieF, it might just as well have been. Nothing whatever is said in the law about the necessity for avoiding dratt-< air ' m igbt blow away the va P oi: froni tile surface of the testing cn P before ,he °P erator conld apply hig flame, no caution to the operator td avoid .. . breathing . . the . surface, either . upon of which accidents would cause the oil to appear better than it really was. J mention these as some of the reasons whv b .J“?“ h t0 >' 01lr ln ‘ s P eetors ’ ^ tb eir results vaned a few ^ e S rees from mine, or for that matter eveu ^ fue v passed almost “any old - ,bat m ’® bt be put upon tbe market. The investigations of tbe British gov ernment, of Drs. Chandler and Elliott, chemists for the Now York state board of health, have demonstrated conclu¬ sively that the open form of tester is a wholly unreliable instrument, and that a closed tester, imitating as nearly as possible the conditions which obtain in an ordinary lamp, is the form which should be adopted. Elliott, after trying all the various forms of open and closed testers in use, finally settled upon a form of closed tester which gave him the most uniform results, and which was adopted by V, the state board of health ... of New York. The New York , law . the fact that the , flash „ recognizes point is the danger point, the point at which explosive, inflammable vapors are given off. It says nothing about “Fire test or burning point,’’ but adopts 100 degrees F., in a tester like a lamp, as the limit below which an oil shall not. flash. I have made tests of some 30 different oils from different parrs of the state by our own tester and also by the New York state instrument, and my results fully confirm theirs. Only two oils out of the 30 examined would be al lowed to go to sale in the state of New Ycrk. Many of those which would bo rejected iu New York as unsafe andun> fit for public use would not only pass in our state, but would be regarded as ex¬ tra good quality. Some of our oils, also in tbe New York instrument, at the or Jmary tion of temperature any heat, would without emit the explosive applica¬ vapor. There is a clause in our law which says: “The firo test shali be de¬ termined by an inspector, who shall use Tagliabue’s or other well defined in strument f.reacribed hj the CjnimUs-oner of Agriculture.” Now, sir, I recom¬ mend that you taka advantage of this clause and immediately order the adop tion of the New York state instrument by your inspectors. While it is true tho law says nothing about yoifr chang¬ ing the fire test of 12o degrees F., it does authorize you to change the instru¬ ment, and must, by implication, givo you tho power to change the tempera¬ ture and mode of operation to that most suitable for the new instrument adopted. I issue this, sir, as an Emergency I!s ort i iu view of the quantity of^- svc oil at present ou the market in *eorgia, and against which our preseut law and sys t6 f . . afford m ° UlSpectlou the I K?0 '' ,!e no ^ he , eqna “ meeting P rotectlou of tue Between legislature now I pro alld ^ 0 g ° n ‘ ore '^roughly into the sub¬ ,ha ’ 1 t 1 bave as vet had au oPP^ru - mty *° d °’ a,ul snbluit t0 ? ou a fimher report and recommendations on tbe sub¬ ject. Respectfully submitted. John M. McCandless, State Chemist. Atlanta, Ga., July 5, 1899. By the Commissioner Ordered: leS8 . ^ - ^ the chemist, ” port °f having Dr ‘ J ' this f L ^ day lcCan<i been * re « e,ved 011 illuminating oils now being ^ d > a ^ state of Georgia, it is ordered that said rep rt shall be spread upon the minute book of the department. It is further ordered that a copy of said report, together with the attached order, shall be sent to each inspector of illuminating oils in this state. O. B. Stevens, Commissioner. TO TIIE 011 - inspectors of the state. Enclosed please find the report of Dr. J. M. McCandiess, state chemist, on il laminating oils now being sold in the state of Georgia. You will noto from this report that he has good reason tc believe that a large quantity of the oils placed on the market are uot up to the requirements of the law now of force, The .Ire test is 120 degrees Fahrenheit, It is therefore ordered that you con dttnn, seize and hold every gallon of oil within your territory that does not come up to the fire test as required by tho laws of Georgia. When this is done, notify this department at once, and await further instructions as to the dis posal of the same, Yonrs truly, O. B. Stevens, Commissioner. The remainder of the Con; miesioner‘8 talk will follow next • ;iu m ggr riliz OLD hjeliabli; Tii is firm has a reputation too well ’Hl EaTotallj a known to need comment, but " isI ‘ =o call at J tion to the fact that we are carrying ir j an nmens stock of Dry Goods, Notions, Clothing, Rats| Snoss, Family, Fancy and Heavy G^q ceries, etc. We sell at reasonable! prices and our values are always bad ed on the quality of article sold, vv © onit. give some special values in Spring Clothing and Gents Furnishin O’a 55 Give us a call and you will be cor.J vinced that we can give satisfaction J. if. lliM&ND co. "• » I wtm 7T haw3jw»KantWi>i| wwninwi.W iibi Mwrfu wi i Van nwitfisitfra ■» I I. i nr n w rf mi f. Cott^yers, G-a. Mums ii Enritfs 1 ii Center street, • -A % t -s4>l~ • We will buy and pay highest 8? CASH price for all Chickens, Eggs, Butter, Bees* Tallow, Hides, Green or Dry 3)i sell your produce till you see us, the spot CASH for you. The Conyers Produce( 8. L. Airaand. Bus 1 11 i 1 LEGALADVERTISE MENTS. IROIi DIMSISSION. Georgia Rockdale Comity. To whom it may concern:—Win. L PeeK executor of Janies M White late of said county deceased having made a, final return and applied for a dis¬ charge from this trust as such exe¬ cutor. This is to cite all persons con¬ cerned to show cause against the granting of this discharge if any they can, on or before the first Monday in August 1889, when the same will be passed upon, Given uniter my hand and official signature. This May 20, 1899. A M Helms, Ord. Administrator’s Stile. Will be sold before tbe court house in the city of Conyers, Ga., wi th¬ in the legal hours of sale, on the first Tuesday in August 1899, to the high¬ bidder, one brick store room and lot. known as the Dr. J A Stewart of¬ fice. situated on the corner of Com¬ merce street and Warehouse Alley Size of room 24 x 50 feet; size of lot 25 % x 70 C> feet. To ne sold as the prop of Dr. J A Stewart deceased. H Alinand holos the titles to property fora balance on pur¬ money for same, blit will make titles to purchaser under this sale on sale: of such purchase fourth easlu money. of one one fourth Nov. 1 1900, one fourth Nov 1. 1901. the remaining one fourth Nov. 1 1902. with seven per cent, interest annually, on deferred pay nif tlts - Jolm H Almand, Admr. of the Estate of J A Stewart, dec. GEORGIA, Rockdale Notice is hereby given dersigned lias applied for to lef e rv of said county t’ the real estate belonging 1 Mrs. N. C. Alniaiid for of distribution among tw said deceased, fettid be heard at the reguuu court of ordinary for saio be held i». on the Tte first M<h;<$ I ABOVE > SEA- f r l «|Q dahlcnes^N edueftt * A college - s Normal B ; .. es . 3.S., v , from xo or tellers; nrivat3 fell v i - ^ ^ •' control t-t the o-’-,: =■ story tii?