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th e age of the earth. , sriKMISTS GO TO WORK TO COM.-lit IT. C. K. C>ll Dencrlbrt the rT ," i .',l l 0 mill Stand*rda to the V. ( s _Uut He Hid Slot Attempt to i. Conclusion—Tlie Rotation Iteor" 1 ( tin- .">'• _.p m t |,c commercial Advertiser. , i the age of the earth? This is ihnt scientists for years have * i-virs t 0 onstver. Some have an j, A cording to their own assump a'culations. and their results . , nW i discrepancies ranging from to ten of thousands of millions. r ■ I. Gilbert of the United States I proi u ,, vurvev, who discussed the sub -o^o. lW> • ■ 1 ([ t onference of scientists at Co |]nir I r.ivnrsity during the past week, . , , i -wer tiie question. (jid i* u ' 1 ■ ■ „ Thal ~n expectation may not 'be d • • j, e said. "I admit at tile outset "mi I iavc not solved the problem aid n t you no estimate.” What he did do,’ however, was to show .jet -is arc approach Ini; and must Lie future approach the problem, what “ the means by which they can noire IO answer the question of the ion.‘ <*' 1 ... of the earth. . aiienii’dng to measure the age of the , . enlists make use of either con tinuous processes or rythms. just as we i. ordinarily in measuring i.ime. c |#ip>dra. a more modern form of hirh js tii,. hour-glass with sand substi d f or w.iter. and the taper, which is T ANARUS,, :3S ru| iu monastic vigils in the torm [ i graduated candle, are examples of t . of continuous processes to ‘during time. The pendulum, on the ciher hand, is an example of the use of , ... hm -i rime measurements. y i r the motion of the earth Is con ruuoUg. as . ompared with any other ce hoiv it is rhythmic. Compared wilh a fixed star, it gives us the siderial to-' with the sun, the solar day, nearly four minutes longer, with the moon, the , U nar dav. longer still by forty-nine min- The siderial day is reckoned only K astronomers. The lunar day finds cx n n the tides. Besides the day, there e r* two other natural time limits, the. ironth. or rhythmic peroid of the moon recardei ns a luminary, and the year, or rhythm of the earth’s orbit. The genera tion and the dynasty are two time meas i.rr- of waning importance. In computing geologic time, scientist!? mate u ?e of a variety of continuous proe- FirFi may be mentioned river deposits. Throughout the ages the rivers have been (fc-tcNiting layers of sediment at their moutr*. In course of time these deposits lieve been converted into rock, and in calculating the time necessary to produce the various layers geologists hove to ten* iccount of *heir volume and thickness. The amount of the deposits equals the imounr of material washed away, and by calculating the amount of material ear rip,l away by rivers in a given period of tin*, geologists can estimate the amount of time represented by the different lay er? of rock. In some such way as this, from the accumulation of sand in beaches. Andrews estimated the age of Lake Mich igan Another svstem of measuring geologic time I? founded on the principle of the evolution of life. Fossils are the records In this case, and account is taken of the imount of change from one full record to the next Tire study of the processes pertaining tn the eanh as a planet opens up other rays of approaching the problem of geolo tr time. As the rotation of the earth causes the tides.' Prof. Gilbert says, “and as tide 4 * expend energy, the tides must let sf a brake and check the speed of rotation. Therefore the earth has in the ptsr spun faster than now. and its rate fanning at any remote point may be romputed. Assuming that the whole rlone i> and rigid, and that geologic record could not begin until that condition bad been attained, there could not have great checking of rotation since ro; solldation. For if there had been !t lould have resulted in the gathering of he organs about the poles, and the haring rhe land near the equator, a eondi or> verv different from what actually ob Airis Tics hne of reasoning yields an we ure outer limit to the age of the rarrh “On the assumption that the globe lacks Kmifihing of perfect rigidity, G. H. Dar frir: has traced back the history of the and the moon to an epoch when the rwr. bodies were united, their separa tor* having been followed by the gradual nlargc-ment of the moon’s orbit and the rrari;al retardation of the earth’s rota or and this line of inquiry has al-o to!doi an obscure outer limit to the an nuity of the eanh as a habitable, globe. of thn most elaborate of all com- WUtions starts with the assumption that 11 the initial epoch, when the outer part ’• r '' - earth was consolidated from a h’ufi condition, the whole body of the uanet ha j approximately the same tem >erat’ire; nnd that as the eurfae after ►arl cooled by outward radiation, there a flow of heat to the surface by con- Uft!on from below. The rate of this flow' 8 d:mii ished from that ef>och to the nt time according to a definite law. nd present rale, bring known by ob •Jb’ation, affords h measure of the age rust. The strength of this compu *, on In its definiteness and slmplic !,s m the fact that tt pos id'r.. a knowledge of certain properties * when subjected to temperatures r ' r crot* t than have ever been investi ■a,#l /M-erime ntally. • n " ler • ilculation is based on the as ' option that loss of heat from the sun . with a loss of volume. Tlu* ' 0n basis, is shrinking at a defl- P ratc% A computation based on this p ha- told how many years ago the 5 diameter was equal to the present 'r of (he earth’s orbit. This sets a i mit to the extent of geologic i'ic rhythms as a means of com- Kmlogic time, we find that the w many traces of them, o *-d rhythm may be appealed to an explanation of certain features of The thin layers found in w rnrkF may have been filmy deposits I ~ y bie tides. On the other hand. ' ; 4r 'T>ers may indicate the term of ov may have been deposited by f -fis wi.ifh had, the Nile, but one "l ri „ ach y.ar. r “ ' "'"lkt of rythms in llir solar i:ni . w < i iy larso. but only two l>e*iil* . IK * utionid have broil al>lr to writr ' r *- Iv. in a legible way in geologic 'Kti. ThFe are the rhythms, of prer.es im ,1,,J t,cccn *rlclty. Since the aun is , . ln ,llf ‘ center of the earth's orbit, that •w*?, trie, the northern and southern hem v&v <lt> nol feceive heat in the same - Che northern hemisphere Is tipped , ' 'min the sun where the orhi, is ihT' ,t 1< ’ sull, B,,c * ttoward it , v ; " e orbit is farthest from it. The jL r>n ip 'rue of the southern hernia* 1 onatquently the winters .ire ■irih r " ui ,tlf ' summers voider In the ,m 11 1113,1 ln thp southern hemisphere, condition is nol |>ermnnent. Kach i&lin 01 ' n . turn c/) tesi>onds with the peri ... 1 The time in which the cycle of hyp ls oothPleted, or the period of 'ae '. lf " ot always the same, but it av . years. Tliie is comnronly i ~ P l ’* l ' las lona I period. To it may ■,; the increase or decrease of gla ir..' 1 1 'lie consequent encroachments . s, '°h ! ‘ of the ocean, which leave r,IJI k in the various strata of the l^ 1 Present our greatest distance from Br , " * x c*eds our less by Us thirtielli sometime* the great distance ex 'lerntfllv les * hy one-seventh. Croll ion ,w ° ,m POt*nt epochs of glacia -lUI ''Pochs of high eccentricity com 1 JOU want ‘ L hght. ■'irons, correctly made corset—one that ' r fSaiwfcSftV U?ra,!y ,lve * up ° w " name—ktd-llke, .*ft. pliable, yet firm, get THOMSON’S jpP “Glove=Fitting"Corset . . Tirn it ever and see how it’s made, gStT, * AM seams run around the body. Baa- • jUp'r j yi| HT|f/3 Will This is a picture of W Our Ventilating Corset, .1 : (Trade-Mark Registered>. made of im -1 lup / ported nottin.c:. stripped with coutil, and I 'l trimmed with lace and baby ribbon. SI.OO BjßSjjflfll r'frtf:'t/U'j. A•/ Light os a feather, yet strong as the ]• I stroTigt-st. Handsome Illustrated cata- /’ I ;J Ysr logue mailed free. Geo.C.Batchellcr &C0.,345 Broad* ay,N.Y. For sale bv all leading dry goods stores. puted to have occurred about 100.W0 and 210.000 years ago. “The study of these several rhythms,” says Prof. Gilbert, "while they have led to the computation of various epochs and stages of geologic lime, have not yet lur nlshed an estimate either of the entire age of tile earth or of any large part of it. Nevertheless, 1 believe that they may be profitably followed with that end in view.” THE CHINAMAN UNDER PIKE. Itrave W hen l nder Good Lenders, lint Not to lie Trusted. H. C. Thompson in the New York Tri bune. As the result of the present Boxer troubles in China, while the Powers are rushing troops drtMed in European tactics to defend their interests, there has been much curiosity aroused here as to what kind of fighters the Chinese make. Ad miral Dewey's tribute to those with him during the battle of Manila Bay has been much quoted, yet it does not seem to be generally known that our troops in the Philippines are accompanied by Chinese even to the firing line. During the early part of our occupation of Manila an enterprising American got tiie contract for transporting supplies un der the Quartermaster's department. He started without capital, yet, owing to tiie immense profit that he made, managed to obtain the monopoly of the business until wagons and mules were forwarded by the government. However, the old two-wheeled carts drawn by carabaos (water buffalo') with Chinese or Filipino drivers, still do the bulk of the work. When the outbreak occurred on Feb. 4, 1899. almost all the Filipino drivers had deserted to the insurgent ranks, leaving their places to be taken by Chinese coolies. Bull carts followed each com mand with supplies, remaining in camp to carry water, wood and forage. The first mules, which excited great awe among the natives, wiio had never seen any animals so large, arrived about the middle of March, and were used where the rush was the greatest, for the cara bao is a painfully slow though powerful brute. They, of course, were accom panied by white teamsters. But the carabaos had “Chino" drivers, as a rule, and it was because of tills that I had the opportunity of seeing Chinamen un der tire. I had learned (o know the Chinaman fairly well previously during my life on the Pacific coast, but I had the opportu nity of seeing him under conditions more like those of his native country in Manila (which is-fully a 'htrd Chinese) befoie the outbreak. The Chinaman is justly called the Hebrew of the East, for he ha a wonderful talent for business and money making. His trade equals that of the whites in Manila, and reaches till through the island, where the latter's does not at tempt to go. Yet the Chinaman seems to be the only person In the tropics capable of doing hard physical labor, or willing to do it. He lives very simply, and is not bothered with dysentery or heat sores, as are the whites. His industry never flags under a burning sun. nor in the warm, humid atmosphere, which is worse. His first instincts, however, are for business. He is a great ”graf(er.” Regular bands of Chinese looters used to follow our troops on the field, but never showed fight when attested. They could be roundel up like stray sheep. They are shrewd traders, but. while no more honest, do not haggle over prices as hard as the Filipino or Japanese. One characteristic of the Chinese is that they will stand any amount of persecution os long as they are making money. The Spanish used to ill-treat them and subject them to all kinds of ridicule in Manila. The familiar “Chino" traders with baskets and shoul der pole is a positive nuisance there. They- used to get many blanket tossings in our quarters, yet were never discour aged. although they would cry like chiV dren from fright. Or the whole, I have found'the Chinaman rather a good fellow, thoroughly peaceable and seldom showing fight. lie is good-natured nnd fond of joking, and when in the majority rarely acts surly, as the Japanese and Filipinos are apt to do. When my command first took the field there were three "Chinos" with my com pany who, so long as it was quiet, seem ed well satisfied. But when the insurreo tos began a little desultory rifle practice on our camp two developed symptoms of some mysterious malady, begging to he let go. and finally deserted. The other, however, remained with us over a month, until transferred, and aroused the admi ration of the hoys. He was mo lest and at tentive to duty, and when insurgent at tacks were nightly reported never failed to take an axe to bed wi'h him. One thing thut made it hard to keep Chinamen it) ific field was that they missed th ir "hop” topiutnt. This "Chino” was let loose oc casionally, hut alwaj'k returned. I remember seeing a Chinaman there go through some yative tactics with a long maboo stick, representing a spear. He executed some of the queerest whirls and crowhope, swipes and passes that I have ever sect) These undoubtedly be longed to the old Chinese lacti.s that the mass of Boxers are said to use The Nebratkans had one Chinaman who was known not only to the. whole regi ment but nearly the whole corps. He was n camp cook, who picked up an extra gun the night of the outbreak and fougtit in line with his company until the water works had been taken. He was exrremely modest over the honors heap'd upon him by the soldiers, which would have turned the fie ad of a white man. The las) that I sin of him he was humbly attending to his duties as bull, driver. Although this Chinaman may have been reassured and inst lied by the conduct of the impetuous Nebraskans he deserves no has credit, i At llslabait, one of the hardest fights of the war. the “Chino" drivers were pressed Into service as stretcher bearers and worked In the fire bell. But the fact that they were encouraged by the Pistols of the hospital corps men tends to remove the credit. During this same fight while supplies were being hurried to the oregons on the firing line over a road lying by the river, still subjected to fire from the opposite hank. I saw the drivers break' and run. crouching behind even bushes and tufts of grass, to be not hack only by the strongest threats One of the carts was overturned, owing to the buffalo being pinked by a bullel. but the driver was forced to remain and pile hack the boxes at the point of a gun held hv a plucky private. I believe thut all who have had similar exp. Hence tu the Philippines will agre- In summing up th* Chinaman's character istics us n fighter as folloys: When under firm leadership he may he one of the bravest, but is likely to be come. panic-stricken on going Into action. He must be closely watched, that no ten dency of this kind Is developed, for If one should break the rest would follow tike sheep The Chinaman may make a eplen THE MORNING NEWS: SATURDAY, JULY 7. 1900. did tighter at times, hut on the whole is unreliable. 1 believe that he would weak en abjectly if cornered, unless urged on by fanaticism or superstition. If this be true, the Boxer trouble will end when the leaders are taken or killed, for 1 do not believe that the Chinese possess anything like the persistency of the Filipinos. San Francisco, June 23. OCTOTI S STOHIKS. A < uttletisli With Tentacles Tuenty tiff Feet l.nng. From the Contemporary Review On ihe coasts of i ormvall, the larse-d forms are readily caught on the ti-her man’s hook, and an objectionable compan ionship is sometimes tlu* result. This was the case recently near Mevagissey. On all dark autumn night, in a small boat, Sam uel Kelly was’fishing on the high rocks off the Griffin Headland, when one of these devilfish took his bait, and with the usual effort was hauled on board. But h’s difficulty was to get the hook to contin ue his work, lor he had been successful in catching- several pollock and conger, and the moment he touched tiie brute some of its clammy tentacles would em brace his arm, holding him to the spot, for its other arms were fastened around the ihwart. Soon tiie beast became so violent that it it ally made him fear ii. He made a supreme effort (o get his book but the creature fastened its largest suck ers on the back of his right hand, and in the battle he had io drop his line and with the i ails of his left hand to dig the suckers out of his flesh, for they seemed to bury themselves there. After this ex perience there was no more doubt or in decision in the tight, for seizing a sharp knife he quickly tut the hock from its hold, upon which the cuttle crept away to another part of ihe boat. But this did not finish Mr. Kelly’s night work, for on again throwing out bis line he had a fr 1 till heavier haul, and when it came to the waterline he could not get it an inch further, although he used all his strength for the line was now and stronger than he could break. In this dilemma, he had to hold on tight, and on looking over the side by the aid of a flickering light he found himself glar ing into the eyes of another devilfish, and a much larger one than the first. He fur ther found that the creature had token the boat for its enemy, and was attacking it with all Us force, Its tentacles embracing the stern on the one hand, and running forward to near the middle section of the other. On thinking over his recent troubles with its neighbor, and the waste of time likely to ensue in a still longer encounter with a stronger brute, he decided not io risk another fight, but to use the advan tage of its violent onslaught on the boat. Takiug his knife and watching his op portunity, he finally cut the hook out of the intruder, which, on being liberated, soon dropped out of sight. The next day I verified most of Mr. Kelly’s statements. The arms of the dead octopus in the boat stretched over seven feet, and on the back of Mr. Kelly’s hand was a very black round bruise about half an inch in diameter corresponding with the inner circle of one of the largest suck ers of the dead oc'topus. Since then he has caught several of these cuttles, and one whose arms stretched over six feet and a half. In our waters none of these head-footed mollusks have beeen known to take human life, but it is scarcely ques tionable. if favorable opportunities pre sented themselves, that they would do so. In 1879 one of the attendants of the Scar borough Aquarium was attacked! by only a small octopus when cleaning out a tank. The experience might have ended fatally had he been In the sea with a flood tide. As it was, he had to make his exit, leav ing his boot (by which the creature held him fast) behind him. But there hove been occasions in other seas when the worst has happened and men have been caught in the slimy folds of gigantic cut lies. which have held them on or dragged them to destruction. Sir Grenville Temple tells us how a Sardinian captain, while bathing at Jerbeh, was seized and drown ed by an octopus, his limbs being found by the arms of the animal, although only In four feet of water; while Captain J. M. Pens, a French navigator of Africa, three of his men were ecroping the sides of his ship on a fine day when they were attacked by one of these violent creatures, which drew two of them away under wa ter in spite of every effort made to save them, while the third, who was rescued, died during .the night. In the fight one of the creature’s arms was cut off, twenty five feet in length, and with suckers on ii as large as pot lids. Should there still lemain a particle of doubt in any mind respecting the exist ence of gigantic, cuttles, this will be dis pelled by the following fact, recorded by the Rev. M. Harvey of St. Johns, N. F.: On Or*. 26, 1873, tw r o fishermen were out in n boat near the eastern end of Con ception bay. Observing a floating ob ject on the w'ater, they rowed toward it and struck it, on which it immediately shot out two vast tentacles around the boat, as if wrestling with an antagon ist. Fortunately, they had a hatchet on board w-ith which they cut them from the creature, which, after blackening the sea with its ink. soon made ofT. 'One of these magnificent fragments was measured by Alexander Murray, geologist, and Prof. Verrill of Yale College, Connecticut, who found it to be seventeen feet long and three and a half feet In circumference. This fragment is now- preserved in St. John’s College, Newfoundland. Since then scientists have further considered the subject, and conclude that this beast with its tentacles could not have been less than forty-four feet long. Reverting to the British octopus, I may further state that its mimicry Is very great. Tiie colon* it uses run through deep chocolate, dull red. brown and gray, and it has the power of so arranging these hues that In the shade and cover of the dark rocks it Is almost unseen by nnv eye, which facilitates its easily wor rying a stranger, pouncing upon Its food or hiding from its enemies. Its change from one color o another Is almost in stantaneous. and the body can be mot tled with 4he whole of these tints just as quickly. I once saw a tank cut in the rocks on the open coast near low water and cov ered with many folds of iron netting, ln which were kept twenty of these cuttles. Around the sides and bottom grew the dark olive biminarian seaweeds, and on ih rocks under them clung h stunted reddish brown flexible coral; this they ‘a I wavs rested on and imitated, and were always of a reddish brown hue. They lived In seeming harmony, and they did not care to leave it. but remained there tor some weeks afte/. Their walking power Is Also considerable, and on the sea bottom no doubt they often approach the object of their attack In t’Js man ner accommodating themselves to the Various colors surrounding them as they near the quarrjr. t BOER KA3TKBSS. den burg nml It* W Joked Old Fig tiling King. From the Times of Natal Have the colonists of Natal ever heard of the Ohrigstadt Valley* Do our great fighting men from Aldershot, with then hands so full in the Free State, know any thing of Abel Erasmus of Lydenburg. Transvaal? To those who do not know ♦lre Lydenburg district of the Transvaal fronr within I tender an experience glean ed many years ago. coupled with some information which has come to hand In Deingoa bay during the past week. It concerns Abel Erasmus. Transvaal Native Commissioner, etc., also the Ohrigstadt Valley, likewise Her Majesty’s govern ment. sooner or later. A wealthy and Immensely influential man is “a Boer of the Boers,’’ a patriarch of the Transvaal and ('ape Colony, though of late years seldom heard of outside of his own district. He, among the best Boer families, as well as the back-veldt doppera, is equally great as, if not greater, than Paul Kruger himself. Abel Erasmus is a power among all white men. as one of the principal free booters in and out of the Transvaal, and the terror of all blacks. Asa Boer i>oll tician he is of the first rank, although his voice is never heard outside of the executive. Owing to his ability and strength of mind, he never consults the government in Pretoria, but always ncl* "on his own judgment." On the other In nd. Paul Kruger Invariably seeks tiie advice of his trusted friend, Abel Eras mus. Abel Erasmus is a handsome old man of 7b years, with white hair and beard, a soft, kindly expression lighting up a re markably open face. His appearance, standing fully six feci, is that of the finest type of a Boer farmer of the old school in South Africa. The inner man o! Abel Erasmus in many respects is ex actly the opposite. In his public capacity • < Native Commissioner of a vast district he lias ruled the whole native population for the last forty years with a rod of it on. For real villainy and bloodshed among all classes of natives under his ’’protection" he has not his equal in the Transvaal. To mention the name of Abel to any resident native within his district is like *a galvanic shock. Fourteen years ago I lived on a high road about sixty miles from Lydenburg. Troops of native rootle passed the door every week. On inquiry I always learned they were going to Abel, with the everlasting tines of cows and calves imposed upon every kraal, if an Induna or a headman of a kraal was "sent for" by Abel the netvs cast a gltom over all the. kraals In that district. Abel Erasmus was in no way responsible for the present rebellion. He always was clever and far-sighted enough to know it was not wist* to seek a quarrel with the British. The Transvaal had fought for its independence and gained it. The Boer government was established from end to end of the country. Industry and wealth ban made the Transvaal the great est gold-mining country in the world. The Lydenburg diggers and the Lynderburg Boers were on the best of terms. If Abel Erasmus had been given Kruger’s opportunity he would have become a re publican dictator, who would have pilot ed his country according to special cir cumstances, and avoided any chance of self-destruction. Abel Erasmus is no tiiend of the Hollander moths who have eaten through the Transvaal fabric. He has generally kept away from them as much as possible. When his advice was sought previous to the war, and the bulk of the Boer farmers ln the Lydenburg district were asked, they were mostly willing to grant the five years’ franchise to Uitlanders, for many business reasons— foremost, the Lydenburg landowners were well-to-do farmers, contented, and tiie Uitlanders working in the gold mines were their best customers. When the time has arrived for our troops to advance into the Transvaal, Abel Erasmus will no longer sit passive. Ilis iron will, prudence and vast experi ence in handling Boers In the past will cause him once again to take a promi nent part in defense of his country, even at his age. This will be hightened all the more because he Is well known to the British government for his many delin quencies and cold-blooded murders of na tives in the past. His brother freelioters. Groot Adrian De la Key, Van Pittin and Van Neikirk, of Bechuanaland and Stel laland fame, have all departed to the "happy hunting ground.” If the reader is desirous to learn of their many depre dations in the past the book. “Austral Africa; Losing It or Ruling It." by John Mackenzie, published in 1887 by Sampson Low. is the best expose of the Transvaal’s struggle for supremacy in South Africa, and Sir Charles Warren’s expedition in 1878-1881. The Ohrigstadt laager Is so called be cause it is the oldest and strongest posi tion ever taken up by the early trek Boers when going north from Cape Colony and Natal. It is as well to remember from sixty to one hundred years back the pres ent Transvaal was Inhabited in certain districts by Basutos. other native tribes like the Zulus continually raiding them. The emigrant Boers’ hands were against all, capturing their cattle and making slaves of the men and youngsters. When nerd pressed by large impls of natives, the Boers retreated to Ohrigstadt Valley. That position is simply impregnable, if defended, it being a series of volcanic for tifications, interminable kopjes extending for miles. Inside these natural protections is a most beautiful and fertile valley, in extent about seventy-five miles square or thereabouts, protected on the east by ihe Drakensburg mountains, on the north and west by the deep and broad Ollphat’s river, with Forts Oliphant and *Weber. From the south the valley narrows down to the town of Lydenburg, which is the only gate. Two thousand Boers, with ar tillery, could defy 200.000 British troops for an Indefinite period. No men, if they came in their thousands, could ever climb through these series of pigmy and giant ridges, or pass through the multitudinous death traps of bouled built kopjes intersected with dongas. The force Inside the valley, so long as ammu nition and food lasted, is safe. There are throe beautiful rivers—Blyde. Ohrigstadt and Steel port—rLn ning into the Oliphant'* river, besides hundreds of springs. The nature and aspect of the valley is that of one eontinuouos garden, capable of Irriga tion from fountains in all directions. The soil is alluvial, producing with primitive methods of cultivation grain, forage, to bacco. etc., in fact, everything required, nnd the hills afford excellent pasturage for Boer horses, cattle and sheep, summer and winter. The valley Is even now fairly well populated by straggling Boers “sweated" by Abel Erasmus, and many well-to-do natives, all of whom have ex cellent fruit gardens. The many natural A CALIFORNIAN’S Rnec*n(ul Kspcrlnirata With Food. A gfnt!*man in Ooak Park. Cal.. H*nry Poekman, took up the qu*stion of food, to are if he could recover front an old care of dyepepela, from which nux votn lca, pepMn, and other rented)** gave him no relief. He started In with Grape-Nut* bresk fa*t food and his dyspepsia quickly dis appeared. He also left off the use of coffee and took 1 Postum hNjod Coffee In its place. He writes that he has bean put right, perfectly well, and golnir to remain so by contlmtlnf the use of the Grape- Nut* food and Postum Coffee. It 1* worth any one's trial, who desires to he well, to change the diet, land partic ularly to leave off coffee Grape-Nuts food conialn* elements that rebuild the Krey matter In Ihe nerve centers and brain and (five one a feeling of reserve strength and visor. This food tn perfectly cooked at Ihe factory, can be served In stantly. and ia on sale at all flrat-claa* grocer* The Largest and Strongest Company in the World writing ACCIDENT, HEALTH AND LIFE INSURANCE. ’ __ j Assets, $52,850,299.90. Surplus, $5,442,215.86. Twentieth Century Combination Accident Policy. LIFE INSURANCE CO. OF HARTFORD, COSMiM., PAYS DOUBLE BENEFITS under a WIDER RANGE OF EVERY-DAY EVENTS than any Accident Cos. Railroad Accidents ) LL I Burning Building Accidents Street Car Accidents - DOUBLE Elevator Accidents Bicycle Accidents ' BENEFITS i Steamboat Accidents WEEKLY INDEMNITY payable every Two Months during disability, until pay ments equal the Full Principal Sum Insured, equivalent to Two Hundred Weeks. PAYS INDEMNITY FOR TOTAL OR PARTIAL DISABILITY. Especial provision made for many things not usually covered by Accident Policies, such as Sunstroke, Freezing, Assaults, Asphyxiation, Injuries without External Marks, etc., etc. GEO. S. HAINES, General Agent. Telephone 709. J 9 Bay Street, East, Savannah, Ga. advantages for a strong defending force cannot bo ovorastlmat*d. Our troops havr had experience of Colonso to l^adv smtth. as a starting place with base ad jacent. Thai was comparatively easy to the miles of Impassable approaches to Ohrigstadt Valley. To ibis wonderful stronghold the Boers are going to retreat. .u they have done years ago. when unsuccessful in raiding They will fight inside the Transvaal yard by yard, so long as provisions ltit. That Is their programme. And Erasmus is mak ing every preparation by commandeering all natives able to work throughout hl enormous district. With the assistance of engineers h** will now complete the read>- made fortifications, ihe upheavals which nature has commanded with her wand. The key of the position is Komari Poort, the Transvaal frontier station on the Del agoa Bay Railway. 8o soon as that place is in our hands we can put a stop to the ahiploads of provisions and ammunition about to arrive. To victual and provision the portion there the Boera are likely to make a stand. The last and not the least Is Ohrigstadt Valley, defended by the vet eran Boer. Abrl Erasmus. THE BRAI\ AS SIGNAL BO\. N\ hy It I* Easier to Rf nirnihrr on Object I'li ii n n I'onn. From Pearson’s. The science of medicine is year after year becoming more and more icrfect; its diagnosis are more reliable, and Its meth od of matment is more rational. Although the brain is the chief part of the animal man, yet there are many things about /lie brain which scientists have not yet fathomed. But great strides have been made in that knowledge, which has only within re cent years been discovered, and which re veals to us what the cranium really eon tairs. Shelving what has gone before, and what has been taught as medical law, the following Interesting data on how' the brain works Is now what is accepted at the present time as the correct theory. The cerebrum—front and top—ls the chief part of tlie brain and the Immediate source of all our mental action. The gray mat er nerve calls. These are the think ing centers. Experiments have clearly demonstrated that each convolution has a special function, and if destroyed it can not be replac'd ft has also been recently found that the left side of the brain Is more active than the right. How has that hem found out? Well. If an epileptic commence* a fit by twitching the right thumb or hand, one would find Its cause in Its nerve center on the left side of Ihe brain. It Is only within the past few years that medical men.are now able to make a neap of the surface of the brain according to the various functions p rformed. All impressions received from the outer world, whether through the medium of sight, smell, hearing, taste or touch, are carried direct to the surface of the bra n, and recorded in the brain cells of their respective areas, while a l movements are the result of impulses from the ceils In the different motor areas. Now, there are five large sensory areas in the make-up of the brain: Firs), sight, which is the largest, i Ihe back of the brain. Smell, taste and hearing have their positions et the side of the bead in the temporal (temples) region and inner sur face. Touch has Us domicile at the top of the brain, while the large motor (giv ing motion) area takes up the bulk of the middle brain. These are so splendidly arranged hy na ture that the motor cells of the lips are ln front: then those of the hand, arm and so on, to the foot. To give you an ex. ample how the sensory and motor nerves work: If you touched anything hot or sharp, the impression would be conveyed to the sensory area along the nerves con nected with it. The sensory cell which received the message would immediately communicale with the motor cell* to pull your hand away. Why Is it easier to remember an object than. say. a mathematical formula or a poem? The reason of this is that whereas the former has Impressions stamped on several brain centers, such as sight, touch, smell, taste and the rpst, the latter are stamped on centers which are not nearly so retentive as the former. In repeating poetry, for instance, It ts The sound of the last line which suggests the next line, but an object presents it self to the brain centers concerned imme diately. You know an apple or an orange when you see it, because you are aided in distinguishing it by a set of centers which are not only more numerous, but quicker In perception. Though poe'rv ia revived in the sight and sound centers, it is not BO well fixed there as in the other case, because it calls up fewer centers. An apple, for instance, is stamped twice In the ootli’ center, once as a green fruit and once as the printed word. There •* an optic word renter and a pictorial or photographic center. The poem Is only stamped In the former, as. of course, 11 ls not an object which can be plctorlally represented. The brain is nothing less than a big al bum of photographs and other sensory Impressions. The prefrontal region may he compared to a registry’ office where cer tain records are kept. In the brain that particular jrl Is the starting place for the memory. If we wish to recall a sub ject. the stimulus must pass to the pre frontal or registry office of the brain, whence th* stimulus Is sent to Ihe brain ceHs containing the sensations to be re called. It la like a signal box on a rail way. Now. unless your blood be In good order, the aettve life of the brelt) will he ef fected Blood Is the nourishing agent, end If It be of a poor kind Ihe work it does in the wey of nourishment will be t>f a worthless eiieraeter practically, root Jklood Is au enemy of the brain, but, hap- HOSIERY and UNDERWEAR are a great attraction to-day at THE BEE HIVE N. SCHSU7Z, St. Julian and Whitaker Streets. GOOD GOODS AT CHEAP PRICES. Ladies’ Unbleached Vest*, lapedauil crochet be Ladies’ Blenched Gauze Lisle Yeats. silk ta|>o<j 10c Ladies’ extra large size Vests 10c Ladies’ extra large, size Gauze Lisle . Vests, silk taped, si’.k crochet he *k niul arms 19c Indies’ Silkallsle Vests, featherweight. durable 23c Ladies’ Fast Black Stockings, Riche lieu ribbed aml plain 8c Ladles’ Fast Hlark Stockings, double heels and toes 12* Ladies’ Richelieu Ribbed Open Luce Work and Plain Black Stockings, H**rtiv-dorf dye, seamless, perfect fitting 19c STRAW MATTINGS. \V> have put on pale all remnant*, ana will pell same at less than cost for cash only. Our regular line has „u.st hati XX) rolls added to It. Awnings and Mosquito Nets Should be what you want just now. Iron Beds and Perfection Mattresses Are a groat specialty with U3. Read’s Odorless Refrigerators Are what the name implies. The only one that you can get a written guarantee with. Baby Carriages and Go-Carts lii a very large variety, SI.OO and up. The Puritan Blue Flame Stove, As advertised hy the Standard Oil Company, is on sale at our store, and U Is a dandy. Come and see it and you will buy It. : _LIHDSAY&tIOR6AN] pily. It is not so disastrous a foe ns worry. In that you have the real enemy of brain. Worry disorganizes the ma chinery of the brain and mind, and Is lit tle inferior 4o shock, which usually para lyze* both. Worry causes irregular nerve action, and. If it be continuous, It produces a con fusion of Ideas. This depresses the cells of the brain, and the usual result is, if there i no abatement in the worry, complete failure of the brain’s anion and consequent mental disturbance. Self-control Is the key to preserving the equilibrium of the brain and to maintain ing Us natural healthy state. I’llE JIIMJ \l \ HAT. Odd Ail me, but It In Itrnlly Our Old Friend the Panama. From the St. Louis Star. Ecuador ls the real home of the hats wrongly deslgna’ed under the name of "Panama. This Industry afterward ex tended to Peru and o;her countries, even Lai In America the hat is known under the name of “jfpijapa,” In honor of the city where Its manufacture was first started. It Is only ou side of the produc ing countries that this hai receives the nam* of a city which does not make ft. The finest hats arc made in Jtpajapa and Monte< rlsti, In the Province of Man aid, this industry be tig one of the great est resources of the country. The toquiha. or leaf of a small plant, is used for this purpose It grows abundantly in the country, the leaves coming up in the shape of a fan. The fdant is the carlndo \ lea pnlmat ia. * There are Jlpljapas of ail qualities f om those ecMtlng a pw centlvoa, or Ameri can cents, to these worth several hundred uuore*. or American dollars. The merit of these last, real marvels of fineness, con sists as much in the scarcity of the straw as in the difficulty of the weaving, and thereftre it Is exceptional to find these hats on the general market. The hat* of current sale cost a few sucre*, the finest not exceeding from .70 to tiO sucres In price. ln buying a panama It ls nfeesHary to learn two things-if the straw l- whole and If it 1* not stiffened. It Is not easy to recognize the first condition. The weavers split the stiaw llh such perfection that unless a person 1* accustomed to such ex aminations It Is almost Impossible for him to distinguish the difference. of equal finenta*. the hat made from whol* straw Is worth three or four timer the one manufactured from the airaw that has Gentlemen's Gauze rndershlrts 190 Gentlemen'h French Balbrlggun Un derwc.ti, Shirts and Drawers to match * Ulo Gentlemen's Seamless Half Hose, fast black and tans B<j Pilling & Mndeloy's celebrated Half Hose, in fait tans and black 12 j iO (lent lemon's I'nbleached Balbrlggan Half Hose lSVfce Gentlemen’s Fancy Colored Half Hose. ■tripes and |jolk.t dots 100 Gentlemen's Silk Front Neg.igee Shirts 440 Gentlemen’s Fancy Percale Shirts, laundered, collar* and cuff Attached,47o hrrn split. The second condition is rec ognized easily, for the hats arc stiffened ' tmiko the straw ilrnirr and whiter. < .odd toqullla Is white and stiff enough not to netd arty gum. anti only ordinary panamas are stiffened. The JlplJapa is string and is the hat for da: ablllt v, fineness. rghttiss and ele gance. 'i In* ahafe of ttie hat. Invariably tin* same for so many years, perhaps has hindered it from coining into general ttse, hut if the dealers wott'd ro-operate with the makers they could obtain all the sit ape they wou'd need to satisfy the w hints of fashion. t'itrlosl11 es of Suicide. From the London Telegraph. At tin- conclusion of n recent inquest on John Brooks, an engineer of Fpton Park Manor, who flung himself off the Koyal Sovereign while the vessel was nearing Southend on her return Journey from Margate, Mr. Wood, the deputy coroner, made some remarks calculated to surprise the uninitiated—but only the uninitiated. He said that apparently the rase whs one of those which made up the terrible epidemic of suicides in and near London recently. This is what students of psychology . ill ••suicide through Imi tation. ■' or, as Mr. Wood cerrectly term ed It. "epidemical suicide." Asa rule, though, civil communities are less prone io it than military ones. It has happen ed several times before now that a sol dier having hanged himself In a barrack room, or having put a bullet through hts brain in a sentry box. the drama was repeated for many days under similar conditions without the authorities being able to put a stop to the recurrence other wise than by changing the regiment's quarters. The moat notable case on re cord occurred In 1805, In the camp at Boulogne, when Napoleon was preparing, or pretending to prepare, a dpscent upon Ungland. The regiment was sent Inland, and it was on that occasion the Emperor enunciated the famous axiom in a general order, "the soldier who kills himself la practically a deserter.” More than • quarter of a century later a dozen vet erans hanged themselves In as many day* from a nail In one of the corridors of the Hold des invalldes. In Paris. The nalt was removed and the epidemic ceased. Ulna Worm—No t are, No Pay. Your druggist will refund your money If Pazo Ointment fails to ours you. Mo. —ad. 7