The Weekly constitution. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1881-1884, November 08, 1881, Image 3
THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION, NOVEMBER 8,1881
3
OUR FUTURE GREATNESS.
ADMIRABLE address of
GEORGE B. LORING.
???Words of Wiidosa Addressed to the Agriculturists of
??he South-Review of the Possibilities of Our
Future Production???The Elements end
of Wealth Discussed.
The following is the full report of the val
uable an??l eloquent address of Hon. Geoige
It. .taring, United States commissioner of ag
riculture, as delivered in Judges'hall at the
exposition yesterday:
Gneuiin: 1 he national importance of this ex
position, which has been collected and arranged
with so much energy and skill, cannot be overesti
mated. Organized as it is In one of the great pro
ducing sections of our country, and receiving its
Of??* inrni one of the most imjxjrmnt und valuable
of all our eoutmercial staples. It has naturally
drawn together a collection of pro
ducts in which almost every industry
Is represented, and in wliicli the iugenulty of tile
American people is admirably Illustrated, it fur
nishes, moreover, an opportunity for the discussion
of those practical questions ujmti a wise miration of
whleii our prosperity and success depend. land
ing here and surveying this vast accumulation of
industrial wealth, our minds turn naturally to
???hose practical investigations which develop, und
to those economic problems which guide und in
fluence the industrial work which Herat the found
ation of our civil power and our social comfort
and rctincincnt. It is in a convention of intelligent
onltivutors, and great inventors, ami sagacious or
ganizers that the |a>llcy best adupted to encourage
und strengthen the ituml of toil may properly tjc
discussed, audit is in such-a convention that the
lessons taught by ex|>erieuce may taost easily be
learned, lhe wisdom, therefore, which designed
the patience, which developed the skill, which ar
ranged this impressive school of. industry, have se-
???cured for it a place among the great effort* of our
slay to rouse and encourage nan by un im|ioslng
display of the fruits of his labor. Believing as I do
in the vast importance of Industrial associations of
\ every kind, I count litysclf lortuuatc in having uu
'.opportunity to bike i>art in tills organized endeavor
to exhibit what has becu done to develop the In
dustry of this section of our country, ami to discov
er, if possible, whutmny still be dune to promote
its progress in material prosperity, and in menial
ana moral advancement.- In the arrangement of
which
these slates
456,000. OuO acres, the tilled area is I been estimated that the cotton states were
that biilliniil industrial display
murked
scarcely mie ten*b of lhe whole surface. Of this obliged to purchase last year 236.098 t G32 bushels pi
urea 11.517.C0S acre* are dev,,tel to cotton; 17,548,814 grain, being of com 166,684,279 bushels; of wheat,
to corn, 2,815.675 to oats, 3,377,79- to tyheat, 141,513 | 42,252,244 bushels: of oats, ??? ,.762,luS bushels; a.id,
to rye, 147.936 to barley. the product of which In I also, 1,011,150 tons of liay. This deficiency
1880 was of cotton, 5,6ss,ISl lanes; corn, 218,155,375 was undoubtedly due iu part to Insuiticient acre-
bushels; oats, ???J#,C3l,b???J8 buslicN; wheat, 30,412,668 age; but it was also due to a certain degree to im-
bushels; rye, 655,670 bushels; barley, 117,936 bush- perfect cultivation. According to the last returns
els. the average yield of com in the cotton states was
't he relation which cotton culture bears to other 13% bushels to the acre; of oats. 1<% bushels to the
crops iu these states having been ascertained, it may I acre; aud of wheat, about 10 bushels to the acre,
be interesting to know the yield per acre In order to I Now.au increase of a little more lhau seven bushels
understand the money value of the crop to the to the crop of each cereal acre would have supplied
fanner. It bus been found Unit the laud in North 1 this deficiency; and it does seem as if this would
Carolina yields one bale to 2.87 acres; South I not be a very difficult task, considering the small
Carolina, u bale to S.21 acres; Geor- I amount actually produced. On the vast advantage
gla, a bale to 3.51 acres; Florida, of un increase of the cereal crops it is unnecess ry
u bide to 3 86 acres; Alabama, a bale to 3.92 acres; | forme to dwell. 1 cannot doubt that the grain crop
Mississippi, a bale to2.92 acres: Louisiana, a bale to of the south could be Increased more tbau two-fold
??? ... . . without any perceptible addition to the amount of
labor now employed. I am aware that the average
cereal yield per acre In many other sections of the
country is not what it should be, bp?{am now en
gaged in discussing this matter In connection with
the cotton stales alone. * .
But by diversified agriculture I do not
mean increased attention to cereals alone.
The agricultural capacity of those stalcq.
which have always been engaged iu cultivating the
great staple crops of our country, is immense.
Blessed with an abundance of good soil of every
variety and with a climate whose mildness tempts
man continually to rural pursuits, there is hardly
any known brauch of farming into which the south
cannot enter with every promise of success. Within
its borders the orange and the olive find their na
tural home. Here lies the sugar belt ot our country
os yet half occupied and watting for new capital
and labor. To millions of its acres belongs the ca
pacity of producing tho only cotton which satisfies
the demands aud necessities of the most imporhffit
manufactures in the world. Its cornfields beyond
the reach of frost hold out an unfailiug promise to
the cultivator. From the shore to the mountain
the earth lies ready to pour forth abundant har
vests. The elevated grazing lauds ' of the Interior
furnish abu-.idaut pasturage for flocks and herds,
which require no snelter irom the winter???s cold,
while through almost every month of the yeur na
ture extends her lei)
vltos man not
2.19acres; Texas.a bale to 289 acres; Arkansas, a
bale to 2.84 acres; Teanesse, a bale to 3.27 acres.
It is easy from these figures to estimate the
money value per acre of tills crop; and it is also
easy to understand its vast importance os the source
from which the cultivator can draw the ready
rootiey which he requires in the transaction of his
business. And it should be borne iu mind that in
my cellmates 1 have given the cereal and cotton crops
(the most Important productions there), of ten large
states, and more than 12,900,000 of people.
Now I have no desire to discuss the fluctuations
which have attended this branch of agriculture
during the last fifteen years, nor the changes which
have taken place in the division and management
of the lands devoted to this crop. It could not'
be expected that out of widespread disaster,
and with entirely new social organization,
there should spriug mconstaut and uniform pros
perity, or that without experience the laws regu
lating industry and business should be thoroughly
understood. That ill-regulated labor aud matkets
returning from a period of inflation to their nor
mal condition should have broken up the planta
tion methods, Is not surprising. Nor is it surprising
that a system of small tunas should not huve been
entirely successful la the hands of those unused to
the economy and management of small lauded es
tates; in fact, many of whom were entirely igno
rant of the management of any estates whatsoever.
But that the system of land holding and farm man
agement. which succeeds in other great agricultu
ral sections of our country, may and will succeed
ut the south, there can be no doubt. True, the ne
cessity for one mode of land management here and
another there, for a lime, must be apparent to every
cnrcml observer. That tenaut management and
proprietor management must go hand iu hand for
the present, is obvious. But we must
be aware that long contiuued, profita
ble farming hits attended those alone
who have given personul attention to their lands,
and whose iudustry and skill have beeu stimulated
by the cheering it
indly hand and in
contest with opposing
you will agree with me that the time has come for
its organization. An active, industrious, intelli
gent body of American citizens and producers are
entitled to it, as a brauch of goverament whose
value cannot be overestimated. (Applause].
The encouragement of all industrial endeavor in
this country lias a deep significance, growing out of
the relations existing Between the producing
classes here, and the system of state and society in
which they live. In England the model farm se
lected for the inspection of Elilm Burritt consisted,
he tells us. of 3,uuu acres, on which ??????men of skill
and experience, who in America would conduct
.farms of their own, and could not be hired ut any
price, may be had In abundance for foremen a"t
from twelve to fourteen shillings, or from three to
four dollars a week, they boarding themselves.???
The wages of manufacturing labor in lhe great
towns of England and France are equally insuffi
cient???an adult earning in England, under the best
circumstances, about $8 per week, aud in France
from 70 to 8U cents per day of twelve hours. A care
ful investigation into the system of small laud
holding in France has satisfied Mr. Howard, an
ugent sent there to investigate it by the I-ondon
farmers??? club, that such a system Is a failure und
contrary to the social and civil system there. And
Dr. llayfatr, speaking of England says:
???Our country has shown little inventiveness
and made little progress in the peaceful arts since
1862.??? Not so,'however, here. America is the tmr-
adisc of the small landholder. Labor is so well re
lic deposits iu our savings banks". The inventive
arts are devoted to the business of easy and profita
ble production. A woman with her needle earns a
mere pittance In a long and weary day, in which
necessary confinement and toil destroy that very
ptyrsical energy upon which she depends
for a subsistence. With a sewing-machine
she easily cants an ample iucomo. A machinist
with the tools of half a century ago could reap but
a small reward; and no fanner could afford to pay
the current prices for agricultural labor in harvest
time were he thrown back upon the scythe, the
sickle and the Hail. But a man tinned with inge
nious machinery becomeshuudred-handed aud can
earn accordingly. He becomes a part of society in
which he can exercise his taste us well as supply
his wants. It is not the cost of a mere subsistence
that we are to calculate in this country.
forces; but to a friendly alliance in the work of pro- but the amount of comfort und taste which every
Tiding comforts and luxuries for all. [Applaitse. j piiiui can reach???good food, good clothing, a good
in u lund like this why should the tillers of the soil ??? ???* J ' ??? ??? ...
grow weary iu their toil? Horticulture and garden
ing offer great temptations tu those who will pursue
them iu appropriate localities. For certain breeds
of cattle the soil and climute
seem to be peculiarly
adupted. I have seen better developed Jerseys iu
South Caroliuu aud in the admirable collection on
these grounds than I have seen In any state uorth of
Pennsylvania. And on every hand 11
nlluenceof ifrtuul possession???a 1 opportunities for the introduction of many branches
feel who, be | of farming which would iuercase the wealth, and
lire close of the first ccutury of our uutioiml exis
tence, and In whlcn America won 1 the admiratiou
of the civilized world, i hud the honor to
perform on official service which I now recall
with peculiar satisfaction. Not many mouths
:t??'o I took part in the opening exercises of an in
dustrial exposition in my native stutc, in which the
achievement* of manufacturers and mechanics sur
passed anything which words can describe. Aud 1
now congratulate myself that I can join in one
more gratifying and significant illustration of the
growth of Amenrau industry, und of the wisdom of
Ural policy which has encouraged and protected it.
Before entering upon a discussson of the special
industry which lins called us together, J am sure you
will allow me to remind you of the growth of our
???country In products of every description, as a
powerful argument and u useful lesson for this
hour, and to call your attention to that wonderful
development of which the cotton iudustry of the
south forms a conspicuous part. In ugririmure, the
increase has been astonishing, und account* for that
vast internal and foreign commerce, out of whicli
Jins grown ho much of our linuucial success,
it is not necessary to go back admit century or even
twenty-five yearn to obtain the most gratifying evi
dence of our progress in the work of tilling the soil.
But shirting in ls70. at which time we had reached
an enormous production in projKirtion to our pop
ulation, and making our comparison^ with the re-
A'liat can be accotn-
stimulus which every American must ieei >uu, ue i n.???v. u
he tenant or landlord, enjoys a citizenship which enlarge the eoraforts and stimulate the energies of
removes him entirely front the condition of either a people capable of adding to their one great staple
the tenantry or the peasantry of the old world. The a variety of crops which would moke their seetio
division of large estates into small tenaut farms, the garden of the world.
turns of 1880, we nray learn wl
{ dished in a single decade by a people constantly
nercasiug in numbers, and occupying new lauds,
it IHiO the amount of cotton produced was 1,352.317
???talcs: in 1880, more than 6,000,000 bales, lit 1870
the amount of Indian cora raised was 760,944,549
Bushels, in 1880, 1,754,419,135 bushels. Ill 1870 the
wheat crop was 287,715,026 bushels, in 1880, it was
458,1.07,043 bushels. In 1870 the crop of oats reached
282.107.157bushels; in 1880 11*7,859,038 bushel*, lit
1870 the tobneco crop amounted to 202,735,311
pounds; iu 188'J, it amounted to 173,107,573 pounds.
The increase of agricultural products was nearly
one hundred per cent In these teu years. And iu
tlie last yearol this decade, from 1879 to 1880, out of
this vast Increase of ourentjw and products, our
cuttlecxport rnsu from313,000,000 to311,000,000; corn
from 313.000.000 to$50,000,000: wheat from 3167 098,-
000 to $190,510,003; Hour from ???33,000,000 to $15,000,-
030: cotton front 3209,852,000 to 3315,534,301: beef
from 37.000,000 to 8.2,000,000; lard from i28.UKi.U00 to
$35,000,000; and |??>rk from $5,000,000 to $8,000,000.
Mark ulso the growth of American manu
factures in half a century. In 1830 the
annum invested in cotton manufactures whs a
little more than 810,0000,000. Tlie numberof spindles
was a million ami a quarter. The number of males,
employed was 18,530, and the number of fe bales
was 58,927. The amount of cotton used was 77,739,-
:S16 pounds. Fifty years have passed away, and the
number of spindles has increased to 10,769.117. The
nmmitit of cotton used In 1880 was 793,210.500
pounds. The number of persons employed Is 181,-
028, and the amount of capital invested is more
than $225,030,000 in mills and subsidiary work. Uf
our woollen manufactures the statistic* are more
imfierhvt. But I have ascertained that in 1910, the
capital Invested in this enterprise was 315,765,121:
tho mimtier of pounds of wool used was 50,8U8,5'24;
tlie number of hands employed was 21.312, and the
value of the product was 320,696,699. In 1880. the
value of woollens, worsted, carpets and hosiery pro
duced was 8231,587,671; the amount of wool used was
187,616,605 pounds; the wages paid amouuted to
,???345,009,013; the total value of tne materials used
was$145,Ml,798. The product increased from 1870
to 18*0 nearly 820.000.000.
In 1870 the silk productions of the United States
were valued at 312,210,662; in lsso at $'44,410,465.
Fifty years ago the shoe uml leather industry had
hunllv a national reputation. In 1870, however,
there were 4.25? tanneries in the United States, em
ploying 20,784 hands, using a capital of $12,710,505,
paving in wages S7.9S1.-1I0 mutually, producing
leather valued at S*6,169,8*3, using more than 39.-
000,000 worth t.f bark, nearly ?9,008,0u0 hides, aud
9,664,000 skins. There were also 5,085 currying es
tablishments, employing 10,000 hands, absorbing
$12,000,000 capital, and producing $51,191,167. There
subject to u well-defined system of cultivation, Isof
greut advantage to the tenant and owner alike lu
Hie present condition of a portion of even the well-
disposed und Industrious population of the cotton
states. But I cannot forget die tendency to inde
pendent ownership throughout our country auil the
wldely-difl???uscd prosperity which is found lu those
sections where the farmer gathers his own crop from
his own soil and seeks liis own market. And 1 sug-
gn.st.this because 1 am lucliued to believe that lu
this way can the two Important points in the agri
culture of the cotton state* be most rapidly and per
manently reached, namely: 1. Tne increase of the
crop of cotton to the acre; aud, 2, tlie introduction
of diversified farming as a source of profit to the
farmer and of benefit to tlie soil he cultivates.
Uf course I cannot Hpcak from experience, but I
see no reason why the cotton crop should not be
carefully anil syswaiaUeully cultivated under that
exact system which is applied to special crops, or
why cotton cultivation should not be conducted
with as much accuracy as is the cultivation'of laud
devoted to local crops for local market*. There is a
period in the occupancy of land for farming pur-
; mses when the farmer can, us it were, gather in the
production* of the earth. The cereal crops of the
newer states und the territories are produced with
out.special cure aud without the uid of fertilizers.
Tlie virgin soil pours forth its returns with un-
iMiundeil liberality. But this condition docs not
long continue; aud the husbandman is soon called
on to manipulate his soil, and to restore itsexliaust-
cd stength bv careful fanning and judicious fertil
izing. lu this lies the skill of the farmer,aud in this
lies ulso the reliable profit of his occupation. The
agriculture of all the older couutriea of
the world consist wholly of this, aud
lias become an art by which man draws
Ills subsistence from the soil, whether it
be the wheut of England or the Black sea,
or tho root crops of central Europe,
the wine and olives of the south, or tlie coffee of
Arabia or the tea of China and Julian. To aU these
crojis the highest agricultural skill is applied when
ever and wherever a bountiful and profitable crop
1* sought for. These result* of farming are no more
left to chance than arc charming shades and fasci
nating figures wovtn by the looms of Lowell aud
Lyons. Aud this is true of all our older ??? states.
dwelling, adorned simply or elaborately according
tuue di ???
to his means. Fortuue does not smile on all men
here, it is true, but when she does smile, the cheer
which follows iu this country is unsurpassed. [Ap
plause.] Aided by the arts of life which surround
Wi '
I am not in favor of comparisons generally, but I
am sure you will pardon tne if by way of illustra
tion I lay before you an account, furuisheil by a
local paper iu my native county in Massachusetts,
of a small tract of laud upon which an untiring
und skillful cultivator had exercised hi* ingenuity
in diversified farming. The Valley Visitor, pub
lished in Amcsbury Massachusetts, says:
???Charles \V. Woods, iu Oldtown, has one of the
f irottlest places in the town, and he makes it prof-
table to farm. He has but twelve acres, and uiam
these he has set out six hundred trees???pear, apple,
lieach, quince and plum trees. He has a great va
riety of grapes, gooseberry, raspberry and black
berry vines. He has gathered one hundred bar
rels of pears. For twenty barrels of Bartlett pears
he received one hundred dollurs. The apple mid
lieach trees did not bear much. Ho bad two acres
lu onions, from which he gathered one thousand
bushels; one acre devoted to cabbages yielded five
thousand heads, and when brought to market he
realized seven cents per pound. Two tons of
squushes, three tons of turnips, three tons of beets,
ten tons of carrots, two hundred bushels of the
ehoieest potatoes, for which he obtained the highest
market price, were a part of tho products. He has
sold $75 worth of tomatoes, $50 worth of asparagus,
[ S50 worth of the cultivated dandelion, and for mel
ons. grapes, berries, aud other produets uotenumer-
uted the sum of S.W0. Mr. Wood has labored every
day upon his farm, and his untiring industry has
brought bis land to a state of the highest cultiva
tion. He can attest that a well managed farm will
pay a handsome return.???
1 submit this domestic sketch of a single instance
of varied industry on the land its a familiar sug
gestion which I am sure will attract the attention
of all who are interested, not only in the manage
ment of laud, but in tlie arrangement of the home
organized by un American farmer, landholder and
ciuzen. The uuthur of un udmirablc and exhaust
ive essay iu Harper???s Monthly for October, Mr.
Henry W. Grady [applause] (and let me tell you he
is entitled to all the applause you can give him) [re
newed applause]???Mr.(irady has placed this point so
forcibly before Ills readers that I submit tlie follow
ing suggestions from his artlete, before leaving this
important subject. He says:
???The first reform, however, that must be made is
Whenever a satisfactory crop of corn, or wheat, or in the system of farming. The south must prepare
hay. Is raised in these states it is the result of great I to raise her own provisions,
strict
skill, uud ifjirolltable ills the result of tho strictest ???
economy. To those lands, lying around our large
till, uud if
ronoiny. To those lands, lying ur
cities, whicli arc devoted to market gardening, and
which pr.iduce enormous crops, the cultivator ap
plies uuceasiugly his utmost Ingenuity???and he sel
dom fails to reap an aim'
the earth was always roue
dom fails to reap an ample reward. It seems as if
"ie earth was always ready with a liberal response
i a w ise anil earnest appeal. And you must all have
iriratiou the
espouse
ulfh
witnessed with admimliou the success which
has attended careful devotion to any
crop, even when that crop was apparently inslguifi
cunt. I suppose, nav, I think 1 have a right to be
confident that the same processes applied to the
. compost her fertilizers???,
cure her own hay and breed her own stock. Leav
ing credit anil usury out of the question, no man
can pay seventy-five cents a busitel for corn, thirty
dollars u ton for lray, twenty dollars a barrel
for pork, sixty cents for oats, and raise cotton for
eight cents it pound. Tho farmers v??ho prosper at
tlie suuth are the ???corn-raisera,??? i. e. the men who
raise their own supplies and make cotton their sur
plus crop. A gentleman who recorded 520 mort
gages last year testified that not one was placed on
the farm of a man who raised his own bread and
meat. The shrewd farmers who always have a bit
of money on hand with which to buy any good
cotton crop will meet with similar result . The place tl.at is to be sold under mortgage are tlie
??? ??? ' ??? jx devoted to I corn-raisers,' and the moment they get possession
yields of cotton oil the 1-1,347,000 acres
this crop, varies from one bulo to the acre to one
bale to throe and three-quarter acres. We are told I
that, ??????The wonderfully jiroductive alluvion of the
Bed and Ouachita rivers, aud the never failing |
richness of tho Arkunsus bottoms, give to the pres
ent area cultivated iu Louisiana mid Arkansas,
high rate of yield: and the selected virgin soils of
Texas are of equal productiveness. South Carolina
mid Georgia, have more of a partially exhausted
soil, of lower natural fertility, which, without fer
tilization and good culture would not uvernge a
fourth of a bale to the acre. Under present man
agement the^r average nearly n third of a bale. The
North Carolina returns of yield for the past ten
years have been quite uniformly higher than
those of the other Atlantic states.??? A corres
pondent from Beaufort says; ??????One-half
of all the land planted averages three-fourths
of a bale.??? And a very distinguished
from South Carolina, who receives for the rent of
were, moreover, 3,lot establishments, for tlie manu- |,; H land sixty pounds of lint cotton to the acre, in-
fucturc of bools anil shoe*,_eraploying 91, .02 haiids, f on n* me that his crop is usually as high us one
bale. Now allowing all that should be allowed for
differences in soil aud climate, these discrepancies
in ftu-cotton yield are greater than they should be.
especially when we consider the vast value aud
importance of the crop, which entitles it to the best
care and cultivation.
That the large area devoted to cotton could be at
with a capital of S???,7,519.019. Inlying in wuges$42.-
-501,411 annually, using $*0,502,718 worth of leather,
manufacturingbootsand shoes $50,231,470, aud shoes
valued* at $93,810,203, with a production valued at
$146,704,000.
The growth of the iron and steel industry has
been equally remarkable. In 1810 we pro
duced but - 50,000 tons of iron, anil
our largest furnace could yield but 1,500 tons
nnnuallv. Iu 1850, the product was 165,000 toils; in
1810, 315,000 tons; in 1818, 800,000 tons; in 1860,1,-
OOo.UOn tons. In 18*3 the iron and steel works of the
United Suites produced 7,265,100 tons, as against 3,-
<555,215 in 1870. The capital invested was $230,-
971,*sl; the number of hands employed was 140,978;
the wages paid amounted to $55,476,7*5; and the
value of all the products wits $290,.557,685.
In the manufacture of nlachlnery the capital in
vented has increased from $I5,000,iKX) to 310.000.000
in twenty years, ami the annual value of tlie pro
duct is more than $20,000,000.
The aggregate minimi product of the manufac
turing and mechanical indebtedness of the United
5tntes is now more than six ihousaud millions of
dollars. Of this vast product less than two hundred
millions are exported. And of the SO.OOO.iXW.OOO
produced by agriculture, less than ten i>or cent
is exported. On the selfNupporting power of tlie
American people, and of the mutual relations ex
isting between our industries, it is, iu view of these
figures, unnecessary to enlarge.
Conspicuous among these products to which I
have alluded stands the cotton crop, which, although
not the largest of our agricultural products, stands
in such a relation to our commerce and manufac
tures. that it exerts a great Influence upon our pros
perity and progress, occupying a large urea in ten
of the most truly agricultural states in the uuiou, It
supplies a large agricultural population with the
moans of subsistence, aud connects them immedi
ately wiih the traffic ot the outer world. And while
it is not the largest crop in those states and does
not occupy the largest urea of laud, it forms the
nucleus around which the other productive indus
tries gather. and forms the basis of the transporta
tion and trade of the section adapted to its growth.
Under cnnlcs* cultivation aud adverse circumstan
ces it enables an agricultural population to pursue
their Industry; uud properly conducted in favora
ble seasons and on well selected and well cultivated
soil, it is linden busily the foundation of most reli
able and profitable fanning.
In di*eus>ing the value of this crop and its
relations to tlie agriculture of the south, having al
ready j"ointed out its value iu connection with the
maun Pictures of the country, I think it is important
to understand the area of the cotton states and the
acreage deTotcd to agricultural purposes.
once improved by tillage und fertilizing cannot of
course be expected. But much might be done in
this direction with a large portion ot it, even with
out reducing the urea itself. The opportunities for
fertilizing are much greater than is generally sup-
]>osed, aud under orilii ??? '
they rule out the old cotton plan and plant corn
und the grasses. That the plan of farming only
needs revision to make the south rich beyond
measure is proven by constant example. A corn-
raiser bought a place of 370 acres for $1,700. Heat
once put six tenants on it and united their cot
ton ucreage to one-third of what -they had under
cultivation. Each oxc cf the six made
more clear money than the former
owner had made, and the rents for the first
year were 31,126. The man who bought this farm
lives is Oglethorpe, Georgia, and has fifteen farms
all run on the same plan."
And the Honorable J. T. Henderson, the able
commissioner of agriculture of < ieorgia, says:
??????Farmers are noted for their adherence to the
teachings of experience, and yet there is not
county In the state in which experience does not
teach the wisdom ul'a self-sustaining system of ag
riculture, aud the folly of making cotton on sup
plies purchased at credit prices, or even for cosh.
The most prosperous farmers in every section of
the state are those who have uniformly made
their suppliesat home.???
And now, gentlemen, I submit these suggestions
with a deep consciousness of my inexperience iu
the special branch of agriculture which we have
met to consider. My agricultural labor and obser
vation have been eontiued to that sectiou of our
country iu which a hard soil and a severe climate
have compelled the farmer to toil with
the utmost diligence and to cal
eulate with the utmost economy; that
in which small farms and a diversified agriculture
have always rewarded the industrious and sagacious
husbandman. But I see no reason why my educa
tion iu that field should be inappropriate here, in
asmuch as good cultivation, a wise choiee of land
itiary circumstances the far
mer need not despair to whom an outlay of four or
five dollars an acre for fertilizers Is a cause of aux-
*}????? Pulverized bones even iu sin all quaudUes i a ], r0 j???. r selection of seed, tile skillful preparation
disintegrated mechanical!}, ashes of every descrira am j use 0 f fertilizers, the breeding and feeding of
tiou, marl, wherever it can be found, vegetable I W ell-ehosen animals, are profitable everywhere in
deposits in meadows and along the streams, J coun try, north and south,itind the economy of
the deesyed leaves of the forest, cotton seed tu'-nl ! u farmer's home aud a farming coinmuuity is the
and refuse from oil mills, anil even the coinniiag- ^jjjy throughout the entire lund. I am anxious, os
ling,.of soils from uifferent parts of the iarm by j t^,. states commissioner of agriculture, to
encourage every step toward systematic and
hauling heavy soil upou the light, and light soil
u .V*?l .heavy, all a Lord abundant means bj I p ro tita1*le farming, and to support the judicious
which tho ingenious and diligent fanner can ini- I v j ews of all local authorities whoare working in the
prove the qnaK.y of his laud, without iueurriugthe same field with mvseif. [Applause.] The business
expense aud exposing himself to the uncertainty o{ Uie dop . lrUnel .' t wh ieii i represent is largely
ot commercial fertilizers. Pc jou say the acids are uu *iij ar y, aud <-au best be conducted by stretching
too large tor such worn as thu. Then occupy such f ort ^ a helping hand to all who are endeavoring to
space us you i??n manage with vour caretul culture, ilu . rease the products of our soil and to Improve
and you w,il find that the work can be extended | condition of the vast animal kingdom
gradually aud economically, until the improvement j upon which the farmer so largely depends
covers the whole acreagc-u process which vvill go ! fo * r hLs subs i s!e nce. By the introduction
on with surprnJng rapidity w lieu once commented, j u j cew seed s submitted to the test of the fanner???s
Add to ??U this the supply of manure wh.ch may be experience, and by recording the results of such
made by the. diversified farming to \. hn-ii I shall | test for the Instruction of the public; by'eneour-
Superficial area.
Farm area.
acres.
acres.
North Carolina..
82.450.560
19,835,410
Sonin Carolina..
21,750,000
12.105,280
Georgia
37.120,000
23,647,941
Florida
57.931.520
2,373.541
Alabama
32.462.0S0
14,961,178
Mississippi
80,179,849
13.121.113
Louisiana
26.461.440
7,025.817
Texas
175,687,840
18.396,523
Arkansas
33.406.720
7.597,296
Tennessee
29,184,000
19,581,214
Of (he*? acres devoted to fanning purposes, there
were improved according to the census of 18s0; in:
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia -
Florida
Alabama
Ml-eisrippi
Texas.
Arkansas
Tennessee
6,527,651 acres
4.173,354 acres
8,207,726 acres
947.640 acres
6,375,706 acres
5,220,173 acres
12,669,043 acres
3,595,603 acres
8.4982212 acres
. y o: si
???In 1870. planted twenty acres cotton in pine I rious articles ot food used by man and the domestic
land, without fertilizing, and made three bales; animals; byuuintelligentsiudy of the American for
in 1876he planted Circe acres nud applied the ma- esuaud tree culture: much may be done to aid the
nure of two cows, mare and colt for three months, [ farmer in his work, and much to lead him away
aud made 2,970 imuiiil* seed cotton.??? I need no j from enterprises wtiicli are impracticable and vis-
betterillustraii li of tlie view I liave advanced lonarv. As I have elsewhere staled, I have sub-
than tills simple statement of an enterprising col- milted the important problems which have come
tou-gtowor bucked by two cows aud a mare and before me to accomplished commissions or to care-
calt.' I know man? an agricultural section, the
value of wbix-sr prod net has been increased iu pro
portion iu the cultivated area has been reduced.
This has already beeu the experience of many of
the be*: planters in the cotton states, buys Mr. A.
Si. Alkeu. in a report made to the agricultural de
partment iu February. 18*1: ??????While such a large
proportion la ell the states adapt the careless plan,
credit i* due to the oue tenth of cotton planters
who have improved their seed, are Using improved
agricultural implements, and deem It very essen
tial that a better and more careful system of cul
ture be adopted, having proven to their satisfaction
that this latter course Is Ul-
ful investigation on which we enti rely,
culture anu
The viti
grain-growing of the Pacific coast, the
supplying of the arid regions with artesian wells,
the mode of conducting forestry-schools aud expe
riment stations in Europe, have oil been submitted
competent agents for examination and
report. The question of cattle disease on
board tlie steamers transporting cattle to Europe
PERRY DAVIS??? PAIN KILLER.
RWumctesm UeutoXcXa
Sprains, Pain in tlie Back and Side. J
There Is nothing mere painful than these disease*! but the pain can be removed and tlie
disease cured by use of PERRY DAVIS* PAIN KILLER.
This remedy Is not a cheap Benzine or Petroleum product that must ho kept away from
fire or lieat to avoid danger of explosion, nor is it an untried experiment that may do
mere harm than good.
the hands of the most Inexperienced.
The record of cures by lhe use or PAIN KILLER would fill volumes. The followin'-
extracts from letters received show what those who have tried it think:
G. H.???Walworth, Saco, Ho.,???writes:
I cxpericnctHl imniodiatart lief from vein ia
the side by the use of yourP.M^ Killeiu
E. York says:
I have used yourPAix Kna.cn for rheumatism,
and have rvcviveregrcat benefit.
Barton Seaman says:
Have used Pain Kittxu for thirty rears,
and have found it a r.errr-J'aUiirg remedy lor
rheumatism and lameness.
Mr. Buxditt writes:
__ It??*r*r/a it* topi ve relief In case* cf rheumatism.
Phil. Gilbert, Somerset, Pa., writes:
Edgar Cad7, Owatonna, Minn., says:
About a year since my wife became subject
to revere suffering from rheumatism. Our
resort was to tSsI???AiN Ku.lek, which speedily
relieved her.
Charles Powell writes from tho Sailors*
Home, London:
I had been afflicted three ycajs with nenrah?ia
snd violent spxsm* of tlie utonfixch. Hie doctor*
at Westminster Hoeoital gave up niw casq.in
despair. I tried yonrVAiN Killer, ana it give
me immediate relief*. "I have tvsained my
strength, and am now able to fellow my usual
occupation.
-. Feem cctualyise. I know your Itan KiLL.cn
is the best medicine I can get
AU druggists keep Pan Filler. Its price Is so low that it is within the reach of all,
and it will save many times its cost in doctors' bills. ~5c., 50c., and Ql'roo a bottle.
PERRY DAVIS & SCN, Proprietors, Providence, R. L
j ulyj???dd-vGjvjRowemhei^decem^yauuarvjjrhol^je^^reai^naj^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
HEGE???S IMPROVED ~~
CIRCULAR SAW MILLS,
WITH UNIVERSAL LOG BEAM.
Rectilinear Simultaneous Set Works and Double
ECCENTRIC FRICTION
Manufactured by the
Salem Iron Works,
SALEM, N. C.
dm, the American takes his plaee In society, per
forms his civil duties, pays his taxes, aids his
churches, builds his school houses, educates his
children, builds and beautifies his home,
and endeavors to perform his part in life,
with no recognized burrier between him and the
object of his ambition, which industry and perse
verance cannot overcome. For him, for his oppor
tunity, for his inheritance, as a citizen nud laborer
In this republic, I would encourage every iudustry,
stimulate every mental uud moral faculty, uud
build up and support every institution which can
aid him in his work. [Applause.]
To those who have responded to this call for an
industrial convention here I desire to express my
obligations. It is my desire to make your delibera
tions a part of tho record of the department which
1 represent, and I trust this conference inav result
ill new determination to develop that grout indus
try which now constitutes a large proportion of the
wealth of this section of our union, and is the
foundation of our nutional power and prosperity.
[Applause.]
The Quickened Corpse
??? CONFEDERATE SECURITIES INTERESTINGLY
DISCUSSED.
Mr. John H. James, whose successful ven
tures in railroad stocks have stamped him as
bold and far seeing speculator, comes to Wie
front, and in fact is leading the van in the
purchase of confederate bands. He is now
jurcliasing these bonds at seven dollars per
thousand, an advance of nearly five dollars
over tlie prices of twd weeks ago. A repre
sentative of The Constitution met Mr. j antes
esterday aud asked him the latest news on
the confederate bond question. He answer
ed;
???The latest news is simply that yesterday
morning I was offering five dollars a thou
sand, while natv 1 ant paying seven.???
???That is more thun any one else is offering,
is it not????
???Yes; some buyers are not offering more
thun $2.50."
???How are you buying these botids???through
brokers or are you advertising???? .<
???lam not doing any advertising. My or
ders are given entirely to brokers.??? _ c
???Are tlie people selling rapidly????
??????Yes. They do not hesitate to sell.???
???flV you think the price will advance????
???1 would not be surprised to see it go
higher????
"How about the notes; are they of no
value????
???It seems to me tlie notes ought to be worth
as much as tlie bonds. I am tlie only man
who is offering to buy them, however. I offer
a dollar a thousand for the notes. ???
???How many -of the bonds have you
???I have about half a million of bonds in
Europe and some in this country.
???How much of tlie money????
???You see that glass case in the window,???
answered Mr. James, pointing to a case that,
tilled with confederate notes, had been sitting
the window longer titan tlie reporter
could remember; ???that case con
tains about a million dollars of confederate
money. I had about half a million more in
there, but 1 have been allowing my little boy
to go there and get it to play with until lie
has reduced the sum total to about a million,
I guess.??? '
Then you have at tlie price you now offer,
about a thousand dollars??? worth of tlie money
and about seven thousand dollars??? worth of
the bonds????
???Those are about the figures.???
???Well, now, what is tlie upshot of the mat
ter? Where rests the jack that is moving
this muss of defunct securities????
???As you published this morning, a pool has
been formed in England for the purpose of
making an effort to get the money that is said
to be in the Bank of England to the credit of
the Confederate States.???
.???And you propose to enter that syndicate?
J. H. ANDERSON
for Georgia and Florida
???FOR???
HEGE???S IMPROVED SAW MILLS
Not necessarily. I can file tuy claims just
as I would in ease of the failure of a banking
corporation. Tlie money is there, or it is saiu
to be there. It represents the assets of tlie
Confederate States. These bonds and
notes represent the liabilities. The
holders are'the creditors, aud I don???t see any
way to proceed except as you would, in set
tling up the affairs of a dead corporation.???
???But suppose I have some of these bonds
or some of this money and neglect to file my
claims in the division that it is proposed to
make, what do 1 get????
???Nothing. Of course you get nothing, just
asyou would get nothing under similar cir
cumstances iu the case ot a bank failure.???
???You spoke as though there was some doubt
as to the money being there. v *???????????? /I "
think of it????
???I don???t know that there is a cent there.
People say there is a large amount there, but
I have no proof of it. I ant simply of a mind
to make the venture.???
???Well, people have come to understand that
you don???t generally make losing ventures.
What are you going to do???hold on or buy for
a rise and sell out????
???I may sell out or I may hold on. I have
not determined.''
the best Family KiHt-
tlnir *1 -u. Line t-ver invented. Will kuitc
stockings, w
???3 minutes,
rork lot wl
Will knit a pair ot
with HEEt. and TOE complete, ia
i. It will also knit a great variety of fancy-
work fo> which there is always a ready market Send
for circular and terms to the Tvvombly Hnltttng
Alachine Co.. 409 Wastfinxton SL. Boston. Mass.
apr!2???it xv.tui tuen aepltvx jom
bos been presented to the privy council in England
1 much has been done to satisfy the English
and
e only remunerative and
economical oue with free labor." And
he udds; ???1 am satisfied that thorough
preparation of the land, a judicious use
of fertilizers, where needed, the use of improved
seed aud careful culture, would produce such an
increased yield in the cotton crop that the annnil
public that the American animals shi;
from contagious diseases. I have tal
care that the seed distributed by the department
??? lltu
s shipped are free
re taken especial
It will be seen that while the superficial area of
shall be of the best quality. The agricultural de
partment should undoubtedly be the nucleus
around which can be gathered those associate in
dustries which depend on agriculture for their
existence, and in turn make agri
culture profitable and in many sections
increuseu j iciu iu iiw uuuou t-ruy uuu iwnuunu i possible. Statistical returns of our manufactures,
crop five years lienee can be estimated at eight mil- j with an illustrative display of their products, would
lion hales as readier as five and I do much to unify and develop the manufacturing
a half millions for 1680. An earnest, | industry of our country. The organization, cost,
thorough nud faithful preparation, lib- expense and methods of our various means of
eral uiRiuriug nud the best seed for planting will transportation would do much to establish a uni-
iusu re this result Add to this improved cultiva- form system of laud and water carriage among us.
tiou, a diversified system of farming, aud not only Accurate surveys aud returns of our mineral land,
the cotton growing, but the general agriculture of with the industrial processes emDloyed
the south, will have entered upon a new aud more I in working them, are of vast importance,
prosperous era. Devotion to tne cotton crop has so I A well organized and consolidated inquiry
occupied all the thought and energy of those en- iuto the extent of contagious diseases among ani-
gogeu in its cultivation that the owner of a cotton mats, the best method of prevention and extirpa-
plantation has expected to be fed from the cereal lion, cannot be too thoroughly and promptly or-
aud meat-producing sections of our country as j gauized. And without considering for a moment
much us has the owner of a cotton mjlL It has I the political status of such a department, 1 think
TO THE PEOPLE OF THE SOUTH
KINGS MOUNTAIN AND ITS HEROES.
A History of the Rattle, October 7,1*80, and the
events which led to it, after two years spent in
preparation, is now published and ready for deliv
ery. The author, Lyman C Drater, LL D. has speu
40"years in gathering material for this work, which
abounds in stirring recitals of adventures and hair
breadth escapes, alike interesting to old and young.
The deseendents of such men as Campbell, Shelby,
Sevier. Cleveland, Lscey, Williams, Uambright,
McDowell. Winston, Hammond, anil their officers,
now living by the thousands throughout the South,
will welcome this permanent record of that glorious
event which turned the tide of the Revolution.
The work con talus 612 pages, on fine paper, beauti
fully bound, with seven steel portraits of the He
roes, and numerous woodcuts, with index of 5,000
references. Price 34, sent postpaid on receipt of
price, or may be had of agents in every county.
PETER G THOMSON, Publisher,
No 179 Vine Street, Cincinnati, O.
?? c * AGENTS WANTED for unassigned territory.
Send for terms, circulars und sample copy.
oct25???w4;
innel6???<l.tw6m wed thur sat tues
69 BROAD STREET, ATLANTA. OA.
COTTON GINS.
???dly sun wed fri A-wky ly.
I HAVE ON HAND AND ON WAY, FRESH FROM THE
Factory, an immense stock of COTTON GINS, KNG1NE8
etc., of various first-class makes.
I Sell Gins at $2.25 per Saw
Superior to others selling at $3.00 to S3.50,per saw.
I can save you money on Engines, Cotton Gins, Feeders,
Condensers, Presses, Saw Mills, Shingle Machines Saws,
??????tc.
Give mea trial is all I ask to convince you. All my Ma-
??? ???hiues are fresh???no old stock.
S. F. PERKINS,
ami 31 W \f! be HELL *?????? I
DR. HARTERS???. IRON TONIC.
'Endorsed and reeotn\
mended by themedi-1
off I profession* form
iBifl
eases* IFanf of Vital-1
ft/. A'cri???Oiis l*rostra- ???
iai>, and Convalem-ff
cc n ccfro minever9,&C.J
Gentlemen: I was sutfering from general debility to each an extent that my labor was exceedingly bur
densome to mo. A vacatiort'of a month did not give me much relief, but .on the contrary, was followed by
increased prostration and sinking chills. At this time I began the use of your Ikon Tonic, from which I re
alized almost immediate and wonderful results. The old energy returned and I found that my natural lore??
was not iiermanently abated. 1 have used three bottles of the Tonic. Since using it 1navo done twice tne lar
bor that I ever did in the same time during my illness, and with double the ease. With the tranquil nenre
and vigor of body, has come also a clearness of thought never before c
wo;k, I know not what. I Blve it the credit.
I The Iron Tonic is ??\
tr?i ?????*ion of I*ro-
tie of Iron* Feru-
I vianJBar/s* and FJios-
tnhaies* assaviatvd
j idth the Vegetable
\Aromaties* It serves
\every purpose inhere ^
\a Tonic iAjxccessary.f MSSSSESBSSSSKBSSSSSSSSSSSSSSm nSSSSSSSSSSSSSB^SM
HAHUfaSmtlr THE DR. HARTER MEDICIHE CO., MO. 213 NORTH MAM STREET, ST. LOUIS*
juncT???dly tues thur sat 2d or 4thp notion 3d &wly
e. Watson,
uie mo ease, mui liulujui* uono
enjoyed, if tho Tonic has not done th*
N. Pastor Chrintlnn Church. Troy, O.
Every buyer should
Select an Organ
That guarantees good
Every day ivtrh and
Years of service.
Every Estey Organ
Sold made
Throughout with
Equal fidelity, and
Yields unrivaled tones.
Send for Illustrated Catalogue.
oot6 dim???thur sat tnesA-wlm
ESTEY ORGAN CO., Atlanta, Ga.
WHITE & MILLER
Genlera Ageuts for C Je G Cooper???s
PLAIN, PORTABLE, TRACTION
???AND
STATIONARY ENGINES, SAW MILLS,
GRIST MILLS, SMUT MACHINES, ETC.
Also for the Hamilton Stationary and Monarch
Portable, Traction and Road Engine. These latter
guaranteed to draw 4,t)G0 feet of lumber, or 20,000
pounds of freight over ordinary rouds. Also the
Eclipse and Merchant Saw Mills, manufactured at
these works. The machinery of these two houses
lias no superior in the United state*, la stock nnd
for sale: Circular Saws, solid and planer tooth; the
elebrated Gilpin Sulky Plows, walking Culliva-
wrs. and a general assortment of Steel Plows and
f'ultivators, manufactured by Deere, Mansur <fc
Co. Call and see the Moline Elliptic Spring Stalk
utter, for cleaning cotton and coni fields. Send
for illustrated catalogues or call on
WHITE & MILLER,
Cop Broad and Hunter sts, Atlanta, Ga.
oct2???dCm sun thurs.tv.6m
TE1AS ???
A.rlSLSl??32.SS^S; ??gs XaO'O.S.Sla.El.a.o
A healthful, genial climate ? an exceedingly productive boII, where, with common Industry
und prudence, a sure iujd certain competence can be had.
The South-Western Immigration Co.
Will mail on application, free of cost, postage prepaid, books with maps, giving authentic and reliable in
formation, in detail, of the State of Texas, Arkansas, or Western Louisiana. We desire to confer with
those wishing to better their condition and are meditating u change to a new country.
Address B. G. DUVAL, Secretary. Austlij, Texas.
J. N. VICTOR, Eastern Manager, 243 Broadway, Hew York.
Foreign Office;???WM. W. LANG, President. Leadcnhall House,
nugOwIm???omitlm???in 3dm 4 ..mi-.ih-iii s*. 1 ???
t-S-v l-nmft.onepint food. Sold everywhere, or sent
bymail fur eight letterSnmps. I. S. JOHNSON 2
l; Atom M iss.. lormtriy Bangor Us.
I -t GO.,
sep27???wkyly
TO THOSE WITHOUT CHILDREN
Clark???s Specific. The great invig
T_,_ -soratur for weakness and general dc
impOridni bmty . Price*1.50 per box; 4boxes
35. Address l??r. Clark, P. O. Box.
1,773, N. Y. City.
cug23 wikit???eow
VIOLIN OUTFITS.
Consisting or Violin, Box* Bo\#
and Teacher, Sent to any part
1 ortho United States oa i to a
days trial before
buying.
utli???toW
|indistinct print