The Weekly constitution. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1881-1884, November 08, 1881, Image 3

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THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTION, NOVEMBER 8,1881 3 OUR FUTURE GREATNESS. ADMIRABLE address of GEORGE B. LORING. ???Words of Wiidosa Addressed to the Agriculturists of ??he South-Review of the Possibilities of Our Future Production???The Elements end of Wealth Discussed. The following is the full report of the val uable an??l eloquent address of Hon. Geoige It. .taring, United States commissioner of ag riculture, as delivered in Judges'hall at the exposition yesterday: Gneuiin: 1 he national importance of this ex position, which has been collected and arranged with so much energy and skill, cannot be overesti mated. Organized as it is In one of the great pro ducing sections of our country, and receiving its Of??* inrni one of the most imjxjrmnt und valuable of all our eoutmercial staples. It has naturally drawn together a collection of pro ducts in which almost every industry Is represented, and in wliicli the iugenulty of tile American people is admirably Illustrated, it fur nishes, moreover, an opportunity for the discussion of those practical questions ujmti a wise miration of whleii our prosperity and success depend. land ing here and surveying this vast accumulation of industrial wealth, our minds turn naturally to ???hose practical investigations which develop, und to those economic problems which guide und in fluence the industrial work which Herat the found ation of our civil power and our social comfort and rctincincnt. It is in a convention of intelligent onltivutors, and great inventors, ami sagacious or ganizers that the |a>llcy best adupted to encourage und strengthen the ituml of toil may properly tjc discussed, audit is in such-a convention that the lessons taught by ex|>erieuce may taost easily be learned, lhe wisdom, therefore, which designed the patience, which developed the skill, which ar ranged this impressive school of. industry, have se- ???cured for it a place among the great effort* of our slay to rouse and encourage nan by un im|ioslng display of the fruits of his labor. Believing as I do in the vast importance of Industrial associations of \ every kind, I count litysclf lortuuatc in having uu '.opportunity to bike i>art in tills organized endeavor to exhibit what has becu done to develop the In dustry of this section of our country, ami to discov er, if possible, whutmny still be dune to promote its progress in material prosperity, and in menial ana moral advancement.- In the arrangement of which these slates 456,000. OuO acres, the tilled area is I been estimated that the cotton states were that biilliniil industrial display murked scarcely mie ten*b of lhe whole surface. Of this obliged to purchase last year 236.098 t G32 bushels pi urea 11.517.C0S acre* are dev,,tel to cotton; 17,548,814 grain, being of com 166,684,279 bushels; of wheat, to corn, 2,815.675 to oats, 3,377,79- to tyheat, 141,513 | 42,252,244 bushels: of oats, ??? ,.762,luS bushels; a.id, to rye, 147.936 to barley. the product of which In I also, 1,011,150 tons of liay. This deficiency 1880 was of cotton, 5,6ss,ISl lanes; corn, 218,155,375 was undoubtedly due iu part to Insuiticient acre- bushels; oats, ???J#,C3l,b???J8 buslicN; wheat, 30,412,668 age; but it was also due to a certain degree to im- bushels; rye, 655,670 bushels; barley, 117,936 bush- perfect cultivation. According to the last returns els. the average yield of com in the cotton states was 't he relation which cotton culture bears to other 13% bushels to the acre; of oats. 1<% bushels to the crops iu these states having been ascertained, it may I acre; aud of wheat, about 10 bushels to the acre, be interesting to know the yield per acre In order to I Now.au increase of a little more lhau seven bushels understand the money value of the crop to the to the crop of each cereal acre would have supplied fanner. It bus been found Unit the laud in North 1 this deficiency; and it does seem as if this would Carolina yields one bale to 2.87 acres; South I not be a very difficult task, considering the small Carolina, u bale to S.21 acres; Geor- I amount actually produced. On the vast advantage gla, a bale to 3.51 acres; Florida, of un increase of the cereal crops it is unnecess ry u bide to 3 86 acres; Alabama, a bale to 3.92 acres; | forme to dwell. 1 cannot doubt that the grain crop Mississippi, a bale to2.92 acres: Louisiana, a bale to of the south could be Increased more tbau two-fold ??? ... . . without any perceptible addition to the amount of labor now employed. I am aware that the average cereal yield per acre In many other sections of the country is not what it should be, bp?{am now en gaged in discussing this matter In connection with the cotton stales alone. * . But by diversified agriculture I do not mean increased attention to cereals alone. The agricultural capacity of those stalcq. which have always been engaged iu cultivating the great staple crops of our country, is immense. Blessed with an abundance of good soil of every variety and with a climate whose mildness tempts man continually to rural pursuits, there is hardly any known brauch of farming into which the south cannot enter with every promise of success. Within its borders the orange and the olive find their na tural home. Here lies the sugar belt ot our country os yet half occupied and watting for new capital and labor. To millions of its acres belongs the ca pacity of producing tho only cotton which satisfies the demands aud necessities of the most imporhffit manufactures in the world. Its cornfields beyond the reach of frost hold out an unfailiug promise to the cultivator. From the shore to the mountain the earth lies ready to pour forth abundant har vests. The elevated grazing lauds ' of the Interior furnish abu-.idaut pasturage for flocks and herds, which require no snelter irom the winter???s cold, while through almost every month of the yeur na ture extends her lei) vltos man not 2.19acres; Texas.a bale to 289 acres; Arkansas, a bale to 2.84 acres; Teanesse, a bale to 3.27 acres. It is easy from these figures to estimate the money value per acre of tills crop; and it is also easy to understand its vast importance os the source from which the cultivator can draw the ready rootiey which he requires in the transaction of his business. And it should be borne iu mind that in my cellmates 1 have given the cereal and cotton crops (the most Important productions there), of ten large states, and more than 12,900,000 of people. Now I have no desire to discuss the fluctuations which have attended this branch of agriculture during the last fifteen years, nor the changes which have taken place in the division and management of the lands devoted to this crop. It could not' be expected that out of widespread disaster, and with entirely new social organization, there should spriug mconstaut and uniform pros perity, or that without experience the laws regu lating industry and business should be thoroughly understood. That ill-regulated labor aud matkets returning from a period of inflation to their nor mal condition should have broken up the planta tion methods, Is not surprising. Nor is it surprising that a system of small tunas should not huve been entirely successful la the hands of those unused to the economy and management of small lauded es tates; in fact, many of whom were entirely igno rant of the management of any estates whatsoever. But that the system of land holding and farm man agement. which succeeds in other great agricultu ral sections of our country, may and will succeed ut the south, there can be no doubt. True, the ne cessity for one mode of land management here and another there, for a lime, must be apparent to every cnrcml observer. That tenaut management and proprietor management must go hand iu hand for the present, is obvious. But we must be aware that long contiuued, profita ble farming hits attended those alone who have given personul attention to their lands, and whose iudustry and skill have beeu stimulated by the cheering it indly hand and in contest with opposing you will agree with me that the time has come for its organization. An active, industrious, intelli gent body of American citizens and producers are entitled to it, as a brauch of goverament whose value cannot be overestimated. (Applause]. The encouragement of all industrial endeavor in this country lias a deep significance, growing out of the relations existing Between the producing classes here, and the system of state and society in which they live. In England the model farm se lected for the inspection of Elilm Burritt consisted, he tells us. of 3,uuu acres, on which ??????men of skill and experience, who in America would conduct .farms of their own, and could not be hired ut any price, may be had In abundance for foremen a"t from twelve to fourteen shillings, or from three to four dollars a week, they boarding themselves.??? The wages of manufacturing labor in lhe great towns of England and France are equally insuffi cient???an adult earning in England, under the best circumstances, about $8 per week, aud in France from 70 to 8U cents per day of twelve hours. A care ful investigation into the system of small laud holding in France has satisfied Mr. Howard, an ugent sent there to investigate it by the I-ondon farmers??? club, that such a system Is a failure und contrary to the social and civil system there. And Dr. llayfatr, speaking of England says: ???Our country has shown little inventiveness and made little progress in the peaceful arts since 1862.??? Not so,'however, here. America is the tmr- adisc of the small landholder. Labor is so well re lic deposits iu our savings banks". The inventive arts are devoted to the business of easy and profita ble production. A woman with her needle earns a mere pittance In a long and weary day, in which necessary confinement and toil destroy that very ptyrsical energy upon which she depends for a subsistence. With a sewing-machine she easily cants an ample iucomo. A machinist with the tools of half a century ago could reap but a small reward; and no fanner could afford to pay the current prices for agricultural labor in harvest time were he thrown back upon the scythe, the sickle and the Hail. But a man tinned with inge nious machinery becomeshuudred-handed aud can earn accordingly. He becomes a part of society in which he can exercise his taste us well as supply his wants. It is not the cost of a mere subsistence that we are to calculate in this country. forces; but to a friendly alliance in the work of pro- but the amount of comfort und taste which every Tiding comforts and luxuries for all. [Applaitse. j piiiui can reach???good food, good clothing, a good in u lund like this why should the tillers of the soil ??? ???* J ' ??? ??? ... grow weary iu their toil? Horticulture and garden ing offer great temptations tu those who will pursue them iu appropriate localities. For certain breeds of cattle the soil and climute seem to be peculiarly adupted. I have seen better developed Jerseys iu South Caroliuu aud in the admirable collection on these grounds than I have seen In any state uorth of Pennsylvania. And on every hand 11 nlluenceof ifrtuul possession???a 1 opportunities for the introduction of many branches feel who, be | of farming which would iuercase the wealth, and lire close of the first ccutury of our uutioiml exis tence, and In whlcn America won 1 the admiratiou of the civilized world, i hud the honor to perform on official service which I now recall with peculiar satisfaction. Not many mouths :t??'o I took part in the opening exercises of an in dustrial exposition in my native stutc, in which the achievement* of manufacturers and mechanics sur passed anything which words can describe. Aud 1 now congratulate myself that I can join in one more gratifying and significant illustration of the growth of Amenrau industry, und of the wisdom of Ural policy which has encouraged and protected it. Before entering upon a discussson of the special industry which lins called us together, J am sure you will allow me to remind you of the growth of our ???country In products of every description, as a powerful argument and u useful lesson for this hour, and to call your attention to that wonderful development of which the cotton iudustry of the south forms a conspicuous part. In ugririmure, the increase has been astonishing, und account* for that vast internal and foreign commerce, out of whicli Jins grown ho much of our linuucial success, it is not necessary to go back admit century or even twenty-five yearn to obtain the most gratifying evi dence of our progress in the work of tilling the soil. But shirting in ls70. at which time we had reached an enormous production in projKirtion to our pop ulation, and making our comparison^ with the re- A'liat can be accotn- stimulus which every American must ieei >uu, ue i n.???v. u he tenant or landlord, enjoys a citizenship which enlarge the eoraforts and stimulate the energies of removes him entirely front the condition of either a people capable of adding to their one great staple the tenantry or the peasantry of the old world. The a variety of crops which would moke their seetio division of large estates into small tenaut farms, the garden of the world. turns of 1880, we nray learn wl { dished in a single decade by a people constantly nercasiug in numbers, and occupying new lauds, it IHiO the amount of cotton produced was 1,352.317 ???talcs: in 1880, more than 6,000,000 bales, lit 1870 the amount of Indian cora raised was 760,944,549 Bushels, in 1880, 1,754,419,135 bushels. Ill 1870 the wheat crop was 287,715,026 bushels, in 1880, it was 458,1.07,043 bushels. In 1870 the crop of oats reached 282.107.157bushels; in 1880 11*7,859,038 bushel*, lit 1870 the tobneco crop amounted to 202,735,311 pounds; iu 188'J, it amounted to 173,107,573 pounds. The increase of agricultural products was nearly one hundred per cent In these teu years. And iu tlie last yearol this decade, from 1879 to 1880, out of this vast Increase of ourentjw and products, our cuttlecxport rnsu from313,000,000 to311,000,000; corn from 313.000.000 to$50,000,000: wheat from 3167 098,- 000 to $190,510,003; Hour from ???33,000,000 to $15,000,- 030: cotton front 3209,852,000 to 3315,534,301: beef from 37.000,000 to 8.2,000,000; lard from i28.UKi.U00 to $35,000,000; and |??>rk from $5,000,000 to $8,000,000. Mark ulso the growth of American manu factures in half a century. In 1830 the annum invested in cotton manufactures whs a little more than 810,0000,000. Tlie numberof spindles was a million ami a quarter. The number of males, employed was 18,530, and the number of fe bales was 58,927. The amount of cotton used was 77,739,- :S16 pounds. Fifty years have passed away, and the number of spindles has increased to 10,769.117. The nmmitit of cotton used In 1880 was 793,210.500 pounds. The number of persons employed Is 181,- 028, and the amount of capital invested is more than $225,030,000 in mills and subsidiary work. Uf our woollen manufactures the statistic* are more imfierhvt. But I have ascertained that in 1910, the capital Invested in this enterprise was 315,765,121: tho mimtier of pounds of wool used was 50,8U8,5'24; tlie number of hands employed was 21.312, and the value of the product was 320,696,699. In 1880. the value of woollens, worsted, carpets and hosiery pro duced was 8231,587,671; the amount of wool used was 187,616,605 pounds; the wages paid amouuted to ,???345,009,013; the total value of tne materials used was$145,Ml,798. The product increased from 1870 to 18*0 nearly 820.000.000. In 1870 the silk productions of the United States were valued at 312,210,662; in lsso at $'44,410,465. Fifty years ago the shoe uml leather industry had hunllv a national reputation. In 1870, however, there were 4.25? tanneries in the United States, em ploying 20,784 hands, using a capital of $12,710,505, paving in wages S7.9S1.-1I0 mutually, producing leather valued at S*6,169,8*3, using more than 39.- 000,000 worth t.f bark, nearly ?9,008,0u0 hides, aud 9,664,000 skins. There were also 5,085 currying es tablishments, employing 10,000 hands, absorbing $12,000,000 capital, and producing $51,191,167. There subject to u well-defined system of cultivation, Isof greut advantage to the tenant and owner alike lu Hie present condition of a portion of even the well- disposed und Industrious population of the cotton states. But I cannot forget die tendency to inde pendent ownership throughout our country auil the wldely-difl???uscd prosperity which is found lu those sections where the farmer gathers his own crop from his own soil and seeks liis own market. And 1 sug- gn.st.this because 1 am lucliued to believe that lu this way can the two Important points in the agri culture of the cotton state* be most rapidly and per manently reached, namely: 1. Tne increase of the crop of cotton to the acre; aud, 2, tlie introduction of diversified farming as a source of profit to the farmer and of benefit to tlie soil he cultivates. Uf course I cannot Hpcak from experience, but I see no reason why the cotton crop should not be carefully anil syswaiaUeully cultivated under that exact system which is applied to special crops, or why cotton cultivation should not be conducted with as much accuracy as is the cultivation'of laud devoted to local crops for local market*. There is a period in the occupancy of land for farming pur- ; mses when the farmer can, us it were, gather in the production* of the earth. The cereal crops of the newer states und the territories are produced with out.special cure aud without the uid of fertilizers. Tlie virgin soil pours forth its returns with un- iMiundeil liberality. But this condition docs not long continue; aud the husbandman is soon called on to manipulate his soil, and to restore itsexliaust- cd stength bv careful fanning and judicious fertil izing. lu this lies the skill of the farmer,aud in this lies ulso the reliable profit of his occupation. The agriculture of all the older couutriea of the world consist wholly of this, aud lias become an art by which man draws Ills subsistence from the soil, whether it be the wheut of England or the Black sea, or tho root crops of central Europe, the wine and olives of the south, or tlie coffee of Arabia or the tea of China and Julian. To aU these crojis the highest agricultural skill is applied when ever and wherever a bountiful and profitable crop 1* sought for. These result* of farming are no more left to chance than arc charming shades and fasci nating figures wovtn by the looms of Lowell aud Lyons. Aud this is true of all our older ??? states. dwelling, adorned simply or elaborately according tuue di ??? to his means. Fortuue does not smile on all men here, it is true, but when she does smile, the cheer which follows iu this country is unsurpassed. [Ap plause.] Aided by the arts of life which surround Wi ' I am not in favor of comparisons generally, but I am sure you will pardon tne if by way of illustra tion I lay before you an account, furuisheil by a local paper iu my native county in Massachusetts, of a small tract of laud upon which an untiring und skillful cultivator had exercised hi* ingenuity in diversified farming. The Valley Visitor, pub lished in Amcsbury Massachusetts, says: ???Charles \V. Woods, iu Oldtown, has one of the f irottlest places in the town, and he makes it prof- table to farm. He has but twelve acres, and uiam these he has set out six hundred trees???pear, apple, lieach, quince and plum trees. He has a great va riety of grapes, gooseberry, raspberry and black berry vines. He has gathered one hundred bar rels of pears. For twenty barrels of Bartlett pears he received one hundred dollurs. The apple mid lieach trees did not bear much. Ho bad two acres lu onions, from which he gathered one thousand bushels; one acre devoted to cabbages yielded five thousand heads, and when brought to market he realized seven cents per pound. Two tons of squushes, three tons of turnips, three tons of beets, ten tons of carrots, two hundred bushels of the ehoieest potatoes, for which he obtained the highest market price, were a part of tho products. He has sold $75 worth of tomatoes, $50 worth of asparagus, [ S50 worth of the cultivated dandelion, and for mel ons. grapes, berries, aud other produets uotenumer- uted the sum of S.W0. Mr. Wood has labored every day upon his farm, and his untiring industry has brought bis land to a state of the highest cultiva tion. He can attest that a well managed farm will pay a handsome return.??? 1 submit this domestic sketch of a single instance of varied industry on the land its a familiar sug gestion which I am sure will attract the attention of all who are interested, not only in the manage ment of laud, but in tlie arrangement of the home organized by un American farmer, landholder and ciuzen. The uuthur of un udmirablc and exhaust ive essay iu Harper???s Monthly for October, Mr. Henry W. Grady [applause] (and let me tell you he is entitled to all the applause you can give him) [re newed applause]???Mr.(irady has placed this point so forcibly before Ills readers that I submit tlie follow ing suggestions from his artlete, before leaving this important subject. He says: ???The first reform, however, that must be made is Whenever a satisfactory crop of corn, or wheat, or in the system of farming. The south must prepare hay. Is raised in these states it is the result of great I to raise her own provisions, strict skill, uud ifjirolltable ills the result of tho strictest ??? economy. To those lands, lying around our large till, uud if ronoiny. To those lands, lying ur cities, whicli arc devoted to market gardening, and which pr.iduce enormous crops, the cultivator ap plies uuceasiugly his utmost Ingenuity???and he sel dom fails to reap an aim' the earth was always roue dom fails to reap an ample reward. It seems as if "ie earth was always ready with a liberal response i a w ise anil earnest appeal. And you must all have iriratiou the espouse ulfh witnessed with admimliou the success which has attended careful devotion to any crop, even when that crop was apparently inslguifi cunt. I suppose, nav, I think 1 have a right to be confident that the same processes applied to the . compost her fertilizers???, cure her own hay and breed her own stock. Leav ing credit anil usury out of the question, no man can pay seventy-five cents a busitel for corn, thirty dollars u ton for lray, twenty dollars a barrel for pork, sixty cents for oats, and raise cotton for eight cents it pound. Tho farmers v??ho prosper at tlie suuth are the ???corn-raisera,??? i. e. the men who raise their own supplies and make cotton their sur plus crop. A gentleman who recorded 520 mort gages last year testified that not one was placed on the farm of a man who raised his own bread and meat. The shrewd farmers who always have a bit of money on hand with which to buy any good cotton crop will meet with similar result . The place tl.at is to be sold under mortgage are tlie ??? ??? ' ??? jx devoted to I corn-raisers,' and the moment they get possession yields of cotton oil the 1-1,347,000 acres this crop, varies from one bulo to the acre to one bale to throe and three-quarter acres. We are told I that, ??????The wonderfully jiroductive alluvion of the Bed and Ouachita rivers, aud the never failing | richness of tho Arkunsus bottoms, give to the pres ent area cultivated iu Louisiana mid Arkansas, high rate of yield: and the selected virgin soils of Texas are of equal productiveness. South Carolina mid Georgia, have more of a partially exhausted soil, of lower natural fertility, which, without fer tilization and good culture would not uvernge a fourth of a bale to the acre. Under present man agement the^r average nearly n third of a bale. The North Carolina returns of yield for the past ten years have been quite uniformly higher than those of the other Atlantic states.??? A corres pondent from Beaufort says; ??????One-half of all the land planted averages three-fourths of a bale.??? And a very distinguished from South Carolina, who receives for the rent of were, moreover, 3,lot establishments, for tlie manu- |,; H land sixty pounds of lint cotton to the acre, in- fucturc of bools anil shoe*,_eraploying 91, .02 haiids, f on n* me that his crop is usually as high us one bale. Now allowing all that should be allowed for differences in soil aud climate, these discrepancies in ftu-cotton yield are greater than they should be. especially when we consider the vast value aud importance of the crop, which entitles it to the best care and cultivation. That the large area devoted to cotton could be at with a capital of S???,7,519.019. Inlying in wuges$42.- -501,411 annually, using $*0,502,718 worth of leather, manufacturingbootsand shoes $50,231,470, aud shoes valued* at $93,810,203, with a production valued at $146,704,000. The growth of the iron and steel industry has been equally remarkable. In 1810 we pro duced but - 50,000 tons of iron, anil our largest furnace could yield but 1,500 tons nnnuallv. Iu 1850, the product was 165,000 toils; in 1810, 315,000 tons; in 1818, 800,000 tons; in 1860,1,- OOo.UOn tons. In 18*3 the iron and steel works of the United Suites produced 7,265,100 tons, as against 3,- <555,215 in 1870. The capital invested was $230,- 971,*sl; the number of hands employed was 140,978; the wages paid amounted to $55,476,7*5; and the value of all the products wits $290,.557,685. In the manufacture of nlachlnery the capital in vented has increased from $I5,000,iKX) to 310.000.000 in twenty years, ami the annual value of tlie pro duct is more than $20,000,000. The aggregate minimi product of the manufac turing and mechanical indebtedness of the United 5tntes is now more than six ihousaud millions of dollars. Of this vast product less than two hundred millions are exported. And of the SO.OOO.iXW.OOO produced by agriculture, less than ten i>or cent is exported. On the selfNupporting power of tlie American people, and of the mutual relations ex isting between our industries, it is, iu view of these figures, unnecessary to enlarge. Conspicuous among these products to which I have alluded stands the cotton crop, which, although not the largest of our agricultural products, stands in such a relation to our commerce and manufac tures. that it exerts a great Influence upon our pros perity and progress, occupying a large urea in ten of the most truly agricultural states in the uuiou, It supplies a large agricultural population with the moans of subsistence, aud connects them immedi ately wiih the traffic ot the outer world. And while it is not the largest crop in those states and does not occupy the largest urea of laud, it forms the nucleus around which the other productive indus tries gather. and forms the basis of the transporta tion and trade of the section adapted to its growth. Under cnnlcs* cultivation aud adverse circumstan ces it enables an agricultural population to pursue their Industry; uud properly conducted in favora ble seasons and on well selected and well cultivated soil, it is linden busily the foundation of most reli able and profitable fanning. In di*eus>ing the value of this crop and its relations to tlie agriculture of the south, having al ready j"ointed out its value iu connection with the maun Pictures of the country, I think it is important to understand the area of the cotton states and the acreage deTotcd to agricultural purposes. once improved by tillage und fertilizing cannot of course be expected. But much might be done in this direction with a large portion ot it, even with out reducing the urea itself. The opportunities for fertilizing are much greater than is generally sup- ]>osed, aud under orilii ??? ' they rule out the old cotton plan and plant corn und the grasses. That the plan of farming only needs revision to make the south rich beyond measure is proven by constant example. A corn- raiser bought a place of 370 acres for $1,700. Heat once put six tenants on it and united their cot ton ucreage to one-third of what -they had under cultivation. Each oxc cf the six made more clear money than the former owner had made, and the rents for the first year were 31,126. The man who bought this farm lives is Oglethorpe, Georgia, and has fifteen farms all run on the same plan." And the Honorable J. T. Henderson, the able commissioner of agriculture of < ieorgia, says: ??????Farmers are noted for their adherence to the teachings of experience, and yet there is not county In the state in which experience does not teach the wisdom ul'a self-sustaining system of ag riculture, aud the folly of making cotton on sup plies purchased at credit prices, or even for cosh. The most prosperous farmers in every section of the state are those who have uniformly made their suppliesat home.??? And now, gentlemen, I submit these suggestions with a deep consciousness of my inexperience iu the special branch of agriculture which we have met to consider. My agricultural labor and obser vation have been eontiued to that sectiou of our country iu which a hard soil and a severe climate have compelled the farmer to toil with the utmost diligence and to cal eulate with the utmost economy; that in which small farms and a diversified agriculture have always rewarded the industrious and sagacious husbandman. But I see no reason why my educa tion iu that field should be inappropriate here, in asmuch as good cultivation, a wise choiee of land itiary circumstances the far mer need not despair to whom an outlay of four or five dollars an acre for fertilizers Is a cause of aux- *}????? Pulverized bones even iu sin all quaudUes i a ], r0 j???. r selection of seed, tile skillful preparation disintegrated mechanical!}, ashes of every descrira am j use 0 f fertilizers, the breeding and feeding of tiou, marl, wherever it can be found, vegetable I W ell-ehosen animals, are profitable everywhere in deposits in meadows and along the streams, J coun try, north and south,itind the economy of the deesyed leaves of the forest, cotton seed tu'-nl ! u farmer's home aud a farming coinmuuity is the and refuse from oil mills, anil even the coinniiag- ^jjjy throughout the entire lund. I am anxious, os ling,.of soils from uifferent parts of the iarm by j t^,. states commissioner of agriculture, to encourage every step toward systematic and hauling heavy soil upou the light, and light soil u .V*?l .heavy, all a Lord abundant means bj I p ro tita1*le farming, and to support the judicious which tho ingenious and diligent fanner can ini- I v j ews of all local authorities whoare working in the prove the qnaK.y of his laud, without iueurriugthe same field with mvseif. [Applause.] The business expense aud exposing himself to the uncertainty o{ Uie dop . lrUnel .' t wh ieii i represent is largely ot commercial fertilizers. Pc jou say the acids are uu *iij ar y, aud <-au best be conducted by stretching too large tor such worn as thu. Then occupy such f ort ^ a helping hand to all who are endeavoring to space us you i??n manage with vour caretul culture, ilu . rease the products of our soil and to Improve and you w,il find that the work can be extended | condition of the vast animal kingdom gradually aud economically, until the improvement j upon which the farmer so largely depends covers the whole acreagc-u process which vvill go ! fo * r hLs subs i s!e nce. By the introduction on with surprnJng rapidity w lieu once commented, j u j cew seed s submitted to the test of the fanner???s Add to ??U this the supply of manure wh.ch may be experience, and by recording the results of such made by the. diversified farming to \. hn-ii I shall | test for the Instruction of the public; by'eneour- Superficial area. Farm area. acres. acres. North Carolina.. 82.450.560 19,835,410 Sonin Carolina.. 21,750,000 12.105,280 Georgia 37.120,000 23,647,941 Florida 57.931.520 2,373.541 Alabama 32.462.0S0 14,961,178 Mississippi 80,179,849 13.121.113 Louisiana 26.461.440 7,025.817 Texas 175,687,840 18.396,523 Arkansas 33.406.720 7.597,296 Tennessee 29,184,000 19,581,214 Of (he*? acres devoted to fanning purposes, there were improved according to the census of 18s0; in: North Carolina South Carolina Georgia - Florida Alabama Ml-eisrippi Texas. Arkansas Tennessee 6,527,651 acres 4.173,354 acres 8,207,726 acres 947.640 acres 6,375,706 acres 5,220,173 acres 12,669,043 acres 3,595,603 acres 8.4982212 acres . y o: si ???In 1870. planted twenty acres cotton in pine I rious articles ot food used by man and the domestic land, without fertilizing, and made three bales; animals; byuuintelligentsiudy of the American for in 1876he planted Circe acres nud applied the ma- esuaud tree culture: much may be done to aid the nure of two cows, mare and colt for three months, [ farmer in his work, and much to lead him away aud made 2,970 imuiiil* seed cotton.??? I need no j from enterprises wtiicli are impracticable and vis- betterillustraii li of tlie view I liave advanced lonarv. As I have elsewhere staled, I have sub- than tills simple statement of an enterprising col- milted the important problems which have come tou-gtowor bucked by two cows aud a mare and before me to accomplished commissions or to care- calt.' I know man? an agricultural section, the value of wbix-sr prod net has been increased iu pro portion iu the cultivated area has been reduced. This has already beeu the experience of many of the be*: planters in the cotton states, buys Mr. A. Si. Alkeu. in a report made to the agricultural de partment iu February. 18*1: ??????While such a large proportion la ell the states adapt the careless plan, credit i* due to the oue tenth of cotton planters who have improved their seed, are Using improved agricultural implements, and deem It very essen tial that a better and more careful system of cul ture be adopted, having proven to their satisfaction that this latter course Is Ul- ful investigation on which we enti rely, culture anu The viti grain-growing of the Pacific coast, the supplying of the arid regions with artesian wells, the mode of conducting forestry-schools aud expe riment stations in Europe, have oil been submitted competent agents for examination and report. The question of cattle disease on board tlie steamers transporting cattle to Europe PERRY DAVIS??? PAIN KILLER. RWumctesm UeutoXcXa Sprains, Pain in tlie Back and Side. J There Is nothing mere painful than these disease*! but the pain can be removed and tlie disease cured by use of PERRY DAVIS* PAIN KILLER. This remedy Is not a cheap Benzine or Petroleum product that must ho kept away from fire or lieat to avoid danger of explosion, nor is it an untried experiment that may do mere harm than good. the hands of the most Inexperienced. The record of cures by lhe use or PAIN KILLER would fill volumes. The followin'- extracts from letters received show what those who have tried it think: G. H.???Walworth, Saco, Ho.,???writes: I cxpericnctHl imniodiatart lief from vein ia the side by the use of yourP.M^ Killeiu E. York says: I have used yourPAix Kna.cn for rheumatism, and have rvcviveregrcat benefit. Barton Seaman says: Have used Pain Kittxu for thirty rears, and have found it a r.errr-J'aUiirg remedy lor rheumatism and lameness. Mr. Buxditt writes: __ It??*r*r/a it* topi ve relief In case* cf rheumatism. Phil. Gilbert, Somerset, Pa., writes: Edgar Cad7, Owatonna, Minn., says: About a year since my wife became subject to revere suffering from rheumatism. Our resort was to tSsI???AiN Ku.lek, which speedily relieved her. Charles Powell writes from tho Sailors* Home, London: I had been afflicted three ycajs with nenrah?ia snd violent spxsm* of tlie utonfixch. Hie doctor* at Westminster Hoeoital gave up niw casq.in despair. I tried yonrVAiN Killer, ana it give me immediate relief*. "I have tvsained my strength, and am now able to fellow my usual occupation. -. Feem cctualyise. I know your Itan KiLL.cn is the best medicine I can get AU druggists keep Pan Filler. Its price Is so low that it is within the reach of all, and it will save many times its cost in doctors' bills. ~5c., 50c., and Ql'roo a bottle. PERRY DAVIS & SCN, Proprietors, Providence, R. L j ulyj???dd-vGjvjRowemhei^decem^yauuarvjjrhol^je^^reai^naj^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ HEGE???S IMPROVED ~~ CIRCULAR SAW MILLS, WITH UNIVERSAL LOG BEAM. Rectilinear Simultaneous Set Works and Double ECCENTRIC FRICTION Manufactured by the Salem Iron Works, SALEM, N. C. dm, the American takes his plaee In society, per forms his civil duties, pays his taxes, aids his churches, builds his school houses, educates his children, builds and beautifies his home, and endeavors to perform his part in life, with no recognized burrier between him and the object of his ambition, which industry and perse verance cannot overcome. For him, for his oppor tunity, for his inheritance, as a citizen nud laborer In this republic, I would encourage every iudustry, stimulate every mental uud moral faculty, uud build up and support every institution which can aid him in his work. [Applause.] To those who have responded to this call for an industrial convention here I desire to express my obligations. It is my desire to make your delibera tions a part of tho record of the department which 1 represent, and I trust this conference inav result ill new determination to develop that grout indus try which now constitutes a large proportion of the wealth of this section of our union, and is the foundation of our nutional power and prosperity. [Applause.] The Quickened Corpse ??? CONFEDERATE SECURITIES INTERESTINGLY DISCUSSED. Mr. John H. James, whose successful ven tures in railroad stocks have stamped him as bold and far seeing speculator, comes to Wie front, and in fact is leading the van in the purchase of confederate bands. He is now jurcliasing these bonds at seven dollars per thousand, an advance of nearly five dollars over tlie prices of twd weeks ago. A repre sentative of The Constitution met Mr. j antes esterday aud asked him the latest news on the confederate bond question. He answer ed; ???The latest news is simply that yesterday morning I was offering five dollars a thou sand, while natv 1 ant paying seven.??? ???That is more thun any one else is offering, is it not???? ???Yes; some buyers are not offering more thun $2.50." ???How are you buying these botids???through brokers or are you advertising???? .< ???lam not doing any advertising. My or ders are given entirely to brokers.??? _ c ???Are tlie people selling rapidly???? ??????Yes. They do not hesitate to sell.??? ???flV you think the price will advance???? ???1 would not be surprised to see it go higher???? "How about the notes; are they of no value???? ???It seems to me tlie notes ought to be worth as much as tlie bonds. I am tlie only man who is offering to buy them, however. I offer a dollar a thousand for the notes. ??? ???How many -of the bonds have you ???I have about half a million of bonds in Europe and some in this country. ???How much of tlie money???? ???You see that glass case in the window,??? answered Mr. James, pointing to a case that, tilled with confederate notes, had been sitting the window longer titan tlie reporter could remember; ???that case con tains about a million dollars of confederate money. I had about half a million more in there, but 1 have been allowing my little boy to go there and get it to play with until lie has reduced the sum total to about a million, I guess.??? ' Then you have at tlie price you now offer, about a thousand dollars??? worth of tlie money and about seven thousand dollars??? worth of the bonds???? ???Those are about the figures.??? ???Well, now, what is tlie upshot of the mat ter? Where rests the jack that is moving this muss of defunct securities???? ???As you published this morning, a pool has been formed in England for the purpose of making an effort to get the money that is said to be in the Bank of England to the credit of the Confederate States.??? .???And you propose to enter that syndicate? J. H. ANDERSON for Georgia and Florida ???FOR??? HEGE???S IMPROVED SAW MILLS Not necessarily. I can file tuy claims just as I would in ease of the failure of a banking corporation. Tlie money is there, or it is saiu to be there. It represents the assets of tlie Confederate States. These bonds and notes represent the liabilities. The holders are'the creditors, aud I don???t see any way to proceed except as you would, in set tling up the affairs of a dead corporation.??? ???But suppose I have some of these bonds or some of this money and neglect to file my claims in the division that it is proposed to make, what do 1 get???? ???Nothing. Of course you get nothing, just asyou would get nothing under similar cir cumstances iu the case ot a bank failure.??? ???You spoke as though there was some doubt as to the money being there. v *???????????? /I " think of it???? ???I don???t know that there is a cent there. People say there is a large amount there, but I have no proof of it. I ant simply of a mind to make the venture.??? ???Well, people have come to understand that you don???t generally make losing ventures. What are you going to do???hold on or buy for a rise and sell out???? ???I may sell out or I may hold on. I have not determined.'' the best Family KiHt- tlnir *1 -u. Line t-ver invented. Will kuitc stockings, w ???3 minutes, rork lot wl Will knit a pair ot with HEEt. and TOE complete, ia i. It will also knit a great variety of fancy- work fo> which there is always a ready market Send for circular and terms to the Tvvombly Hnltttng Alachine Co.. 409 Wastfinxton SL. Boston. Mass. apr!2???it xv.tui tuen aepltvx jom bos been presented to the privy council in England 1 much has been done to satisfy the English and e only remunerative and economical oue with free labor." And he udds; ???1 am satisfied that thorough preparation of the land, a judicious use of fertilizers, where needed, the use of improved seed aud careful culture, would produce such an increased yield in the cotton crop that the annnil public that the American animals shi; from contagious diseases. I have tal care that the seed distributed by the department ??? lltu s shipped are free re taken especial It will be seen that while the superficial area of shall be of the best quality. The agricultural de partment should undoubtedly be the nucleus around which can be gathered those associate in dustries which depend on agriculture for their existence, and in turn make agri culture profitable and in many sections increuseu j iciu iu iiw uuuou t-ruy uuu iwnuunu i possible. Statistical returns of our manufactures, crop five years lienee can be estimated at eight mil- j with an illustrative display of their products, would lion hales as readier as five and I do much to unify and develop the manufacturing a half millions for 1680. An earnest, | industry of our country. The organization, cost, thorough nud faithful preparation, lib- expense and methods of our various means of eral uiRiuriug nud the best seed for planting will transportation would do much to establish a uni- iusu re this result Add to this improved cultiva- form system of laud and water carriage among us. tiou, a diversified system of farming, aud not only Accurate surveys aud returns of our mineral land, the cotton growing, but the general agriculture of with the industrial processes emDloyed the south, will have entered upon a new aud more I in working them, are of vast importance, prosperous era. Devotion to tne cotton crop has so I A well organized and consolidated inquiry occupied all the thought and energy of those en- iuto the extent of contagious diseases among ani- gogeu in its cultivation that the owner of a cotton mats, the best method of prevention and extirpa- plantation has expected to be fed from the cereal lion, cannot be too thoroughly and promptly or- aud meat-producing sections of our country as j gauized. And without considering for a moment much us has the owner of a cotton mjlL It has I the political status of such a department, 1 think TO THE PEOPLE OF THE SOUTH KINGS MOUNTAIN AND ITS HEROES. A History of the Rattle, October 7,1*80, and the events which led to it, after two years spent in preparation, is now published and ready for deliv ery. The author, Lyman C Drater, LL D. has speu 40"years in gathering material for this work, which abounds in stirring recitals of adventures and hair breadth escapes, alike interesting to old and young. The deseendents of such men as Campbell, Shelby, Sevier. Cleveland, Lscey, Williams, Uambright, McDowell. Winston, Hammond, anil their officers, now living by the thousands throughout the South, will welcome this permanent record of that glorious event which turned the tide of the Revolution. The work con talus 612 pages, on fine paper, beauti fully bound, with seven steel portraits of the He roes, and numerous woodcuts, with index of 5,000 references. Price 34, sent postpaid on receipt of price, or may be had of agents in every county. PETER G THOMSON, Publisher, No 179 Vine Street, Cincinnati, O. ?? c * AGENTS WANTED for unassigned territory. Send for terms, circulars und sample copy. oct25???w4; innel6???<l.tw6m wed thur sat tues 69 BROAD STREET, ATLANTA. OA. COTTON GINS. ???dly sun wed fri A-wky ly. I HAVE ON HAND AND ON WAY, FRESH FROM THE Factory, an immense stock of COTTON GINS, KNG1NE8 etc., of various first-class makes. I Sell Gins at $2.25 per Saw Superior to others selling at $3.00 to S3.50,per saw. I can save you money on Engines, Cotton Gins, Feeders, Condensers, Presses, Saw Mills, Shingle Machines Saws, ??????tc. Give mea trial is all I ask to convince you. All my Ma- ??? ???hiues are fresh???no old stock. S. F. PERKINS, ami 31 W \f! be HELL *?????? I DR. HARTERS???. IRON TONIC. 'Endorsed and reeotn\ mended by themedi-1 off I profession* form iBifl eases* IFanf of Vital-1 ft/. A'cri???Oiis l*rostra- ??? iai>, and Convalem-ff cc n ccfro minever9,&C.J Gentlemen: I was sutfering from general debility to each an extent that my labor was exceedingly bur densome to mo. A vacatiort'of a month did not give me much relief, but .on the contrary, was followed by increased prostration and sinking chills. At this time I began the use of your Ikon Tonic, from which I re alized almost immediate and wonderful results. The old energy returned and I found that my natural lore?? was not iiermanently abated. 1 have used three bottles of the Tonic. Since using it 1navo done twice tne lar bor that I ever did in the same time during my illness, and with double the ease. With the tranquil nenre and vigor of body, has come also a clearness of thought never before c wo;k, I know not what. I Blve it the credit. I The Iron Tonic is ??\ tr?i ?????*ion of I*ro- tie of Iron* Feru- I vianJBar/s* and FJios- tnhaies* assaviatvd j idth the Vegetable \Aromaties* It serves \every purpose inhere ^ \a Tonic iAjxccessary.f MSSSSESBSSSSKBSSSSSSSSSSSSSSm nSSSSSSSSSSSSSB^SM HAHUfaSmtlr THE DR. HARTER MEDICIHE CO., MO. 213 NORTH MAM STREET, ST. LOUIS* juncT???dly tues thur sat 2d or 4thp notion 3d &wly e. Watson, uie mo ease, mui liulujui* uono enjoyed, if tho Tonic has not done th* N. Pastor Chrintlnn Church. Troy, O. Every buyer should Select an Organ That guarantees good Every day ivtrh and Years of service. Every Estey Organ Sold made Throughout with Equal fidelity, and Yields unrivaled tones. Send for Illustrated Catalogue. oot6 dim???thur sat tnesA-wlm ESTEY ORGAN CO., Atlanta, Ga. WHITE & MILLER Genlera Ageuts for C Je G Cooper???s PLAIN, PORTABLE, TRACTION ???AND STATIONARY ENGINES, SAW MILLS, GRIST MILLS, SMUT MACHINES, ETC. Also for the Hamilton Stationary and Monarch Portable, Traction and Road Engine. These latter guaranteed to draw 4,t)G0 feet of lumber, or 20,000 pounds of freight over ordinary rouds. Also the Eclipse and Merchant Saw Mills, manufactured at these works. The machinery of these two houses lias no superior in the United state*, la stock nnd for sale: Circular Saws, solid and planer tooth; the elebrated Gilpin Sulky Plows, walking Culliva- wrs. and a general assortment of Steel Plows and f'ultivators, manufactured by Deere, Mansur <fc Co. Call and see the Moline Elliptic Spring Stalk utter, for cleaning cotton and coni fields. Send for illustrated catalogues or call on WHITE & MILLER, Cop Broad and Hunter sts, Atlanta, Ga. oct2???dCm sun thurs.tv.6m TE1AS ??? A.rlSLSl??32.SS^S; ??gs XaO'O.S.Sla.El.a.o A healthful, genial climate ? an exceedingly productive boII, where, with common Industry und prudence, a sure iujd certain competence can be had. The South-Western Immigration Co. Will mail on application, free of cost, postage prepaid, books with maps, giving authentic and reliable in formation, in detail, of the State of Texas, Arkansas, or Western Louisiana. We desire to confer with those wishing to better their condition and are meditating u change to a new country. Address B. G. DUVAL, Secretary. Austlij, Texas. J. N. VICTOR, Eastern Manager, 243 Broadway, Hew York. Foreign Office;???WM. W. LANG, President. Leadcnhall House, nugOwIm???omitlm???in 3dm 4 ..mi-.ih-iii s*. 1 ??? t-S-v l-nmft.onepint food. Sold everywhere, or sent bymail fur eight letterSnmps. I. S. JOHNSON 2 l; Atom M iss.. lormtriy Bangor Us. I -t GO., sep27???wkyly TO THOSE WITHOUT CHILDREN Clark???s Specific. The great invig T_,_ -soratur for weakness and general dc impOridni bmty . Price*1.50 per box; 4boxes 35. Address l??r. Clark, P. O. Box. 1,773, N. Y. City. cug23 wikit???eow VIOLIN OUTFITS. Consisting or Violin, Box* Bo\# and Teacher, Sent to any part 1 ortho United States oa i to a days trial before buying. utli???toW |indistinct print