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v . - •: *. -i -■-* bay •ERROR CEASES TO BE pANGEROUS WHEN REASdfSw? LEFT FREE TO COMBAT IT-”—Jefferson. VOLUME 8. ^rrhlD Jntelligrnrcr. I’tBLIHHKD DAILY AND WEEKLY l:Y JARED I. WHITAKER, l*roj»rlt;t or. JOHN H. STEELE, - - - - - Kill tor. ATLANTA, GEORGIA, Wednesday, October 18, I860. Tim Georgia State Convention.—We arc pleased to see tliat the advice given liefore tin* election to the people of our State, by the press general)y, to-wit: “send your best men to the Convention,” has—so far as the returns of the election which have reached us authorize 11s to determine—not been disregarded. Referring to the list of delegates elected which apjiear in our paper to-day, with but rare, if any exceptions, patriotic and wise men have tteen elected, who will we predict, go to work in earnest, when the Convention assembles, to restore Georgia, to her former position as one of the States of the Amer ican Republic. In the list, too, we recognize some of Georgia’s ablest tnen, as well as states men, jurists of acknowledges! ability, intelligent planters and farmers, mercliants, and others en gaged in mechanical and business pursuits—all having tire esteem and respect, as well of the peo pie of the counties which they severally repre sent, as of the State at large. To this we may add, and we do so with pleasure, that we, know of no one among all the delegates elected who does not sustain President Johnson’s plan of Southern Restoration. If there be any who do not, they will constitute so very mnaU, a minority of the body us to l»e jxiwerless in it. We congratulate the people of our State upon the wisdom they have displayed in their recent ac tion at the polls. The Convention will compare favorably with that of any other of the Southern States, regarded in whatever light it may be. It is lacking in none of the requisites that constitute able and patriotic assemblies, aEd we doubt not that it will come tip fully in its action to the re quirements and expectations of the people whom it will represent. "We will also add what the Columbus Enquirer says of the election in the following paragraph, and which we endorse, that— “It is a noteworthy fact that in most cases men conspicuously or obstinately identified with cither the original secession “precipitation,” or with the latter exclusive loyal organizations, were either set aside by the County meetings or de feated by the people at the polls. Men have been chosen who thoroughly sympathize with the great body of the people of the State in their present, condition, but who at the same time fully accept the conditions of restoration that have been required, anil will scrupulously adhere to them—abating not a jot of wliat the Southern people have agreed to do by subscribing the am nesty oath, but yielding to radicalism nothing of the still reserved rights of the Stnte or the peo ple.” Gkn. Banks lately made a speech in Massa chusetts, in which he said : “Never in a single moment, or a single, act, have I forgotten that I was one of the people ot Massachusetts, bound to regard her interest and her honor.” Banks'-greatest (Double lias been that he could not forget that lie was a citizen of Massachusetts, and act as if he were a citizen of the United States. Less Massachusetts, in his war career, and more United States, would have given him a much more desirable record. The Chicago Times, from tlic columns of which we clip the foregoing, is severe and just upon the sentiment uttered by the Massachusetts ]x>liti- cian, for 110 preface to his name, nor no military commission can make him a general in a milita ry sense. Massachusetts’ men of tin* political school to which Banks belongs, think more of Massachusetts than all (lie world besides. Nei ther the “ tbiwn,” nor any oilier consideration outweighs (lie selfish interests of the “Bay State” with them. AiTogant in (lie aristocratic pre tensions of tlicir wealthy men; dictatorial, fanati cal, and atheistical, that State sets up rare preten sions and is characterised hj* an intolerance that disgusts and makes her odious to what otherwise might be her political sisters. Sumner, Phillips, Wilson, Hanks, set down as her political leaders, and wliat may Ik* expected of her, liberal and en lightened? Her history is yet to be written! From the day Daniel Webster was driven from “Fnneuil Hull” site has been led bv small Judge J. D. Caton, in a note to the Associa ted Press, dated New York, Oct. (>, says, in re ference to the reported conversation between General Grant and himself, that the published version is incorrect. He had a casual conversa tion with the Lieutenant General, in which allu sion was made to Mexico, but General Grant in no way intimated that it was the purpose of the Government to interfere in Mexican affairs. General Grant is reported to be a good deal annoyed by the greatly exaggerated nature ol the statement telegraphed all over the country night liefore last. Significant.—The Washington City Constitu tional Union says; “We understand that the President has just directed the removal of Mr. Russell, the Postmaster at Davenport, Iowa, and the appointment of Gen. Saunders in his stead. Mr. Russell is the editor of the negro equality newspaper at Davenport, anil has been open in his opposition to the restoration policy of the President. Gen. Saunders is opposed to negro suffrage, and a warm supporter of t he'President aud of Geu. Benton, the Conservative candidate for Governor of Iowa. Look out for the locomo tive when the bell rings." Governor Holden, in his message to the North Carolina Convention, declares that the only change made by the war in the status of the State is the abolition of slavery, and he warmly commends the President’s policy of reconstruc tion. He takes it for granted that the Constitu tion will bo amended so as to forever prohibit slavery in the State, aud that the Convention will submit its action to the people of the State for ratification or rejection at the ballot-box. The Hartford Tinws says that the soldiers’ vote in Connecticut was given in nearly a solid col umn against negro suffrage. Some of the First Heavy Artillery were remonstrated with by the Republicans of Hartford for the way they were voting, when one of them replied that “every soldier in the entire regiment would vote No, ex eept perhaps a half dozen of Gov. Buckingham : pimps.” News was received at Fortress Monroe yester day, of Dr. Mudd haviug attempted to escape from the Dry Tortugas by secreting himselt in the coal-bunkers of the steamer T homas Scott He w*as discovered and put at hard labor wheeling sand. The Quartermaster of the ship was ar rested for complicity in the attempted escape. The population of Paris is rapidly overtaking that of Loudon, and has increased more rapidly. It is now over one million seven hundred tlious aud, whereas London mnst still be under three millions. Formerly, the difference between the capitals was much larger. Lord Brougham has just entered liis eighty eighth year, and is in excellent health. What the Convention Should Not Do.— The Macon Telegraph very properly says: The Convention should not remain long in ses sion ! It should not consume time in the discus sion of questions which belong to the Legisla ture! It should not lx* a speaking, but an active 1 joily ! It should not interfere with tlie question of suffrage, but leave that to tlie Legislature where it properly belongs. The too early agita tion and discussion of that question by the State, might In* of no advantage in hastening the reor griniz.it ion, and the admission of members to our seats in the national Congress. It should not discuss or determine the question of the right of the freedmen to sue and lie sued, or to testify in our courts, or set as jurors. These questions are eminently proper for the election of the State Legislature and it is not important, nor may it l>e to our interest, that they lx decided immediately. A little delay will do no harm. The Convention should not interfere with the penal code; it should only provide in the con stitution for appropriate courts and speedy trials. It should not interfere with the judiciary acts, or with the law of evidence. All these should be left with the Legislature, which lias proper cog nizance. The Convention should not interfere with the public debt, or the finances of the State. Let each public officer make bis report, as heretofore, to the Legislature, which should decide such questions—as has been the usage for half a cen tury. That body, just from the people, can more properly make all necessaiy laws to meet de mands upon the treasury, and maintain the good faith ana credit of the State. The new Legisla ture elected by the people will be fully as compe tent to determine all such questions, as their pre decessors have hceu for so many years. Finally, the Convention should do no act to embarrass President Johnson, in his policy of re organization and re-admission of the States of the South. But all should he done that can he, to strengthen and sustain him in the great contest which the radical element of the North will force upon him. Let it lx remembered that that ele ment does not desire the re-admission of these States, but they will do all in their power to keep up a State provincial dependence under military government. We agree with our Macon cotemporary in all the foregoing suggestions. Let the Convention proceed promptly, when it assembles, to dispose of the important work for which it. has been convened—that of promoting civil restoration, and leave all other matters to the representatives of the people in the coming Legislature. They will all be elected with a knowledge of the wishes of their constituents upon all matters pertaining to personal or State indebtedness, the penal code, taxation, etc., etc. Many questions of vital in terest to our people were not made questiona in the election of delegates to the Convention. The oue great idea of Southern Restoration overshad owed all else. Let the delegates to the Conven tion sec that this work is well done, and leave the State Legislature to do the rest! “Wf. are indebted to Mr. Woodward, Spe cial Agent of the Post Office Department, for the following important information: The Post Office Department is ready to enter into contracts for temporarily supplying the mails to offices on routes off from Railroad lines. Bids should be sent to Hon. George W. McLellan, Second Assistant Postmaster General, Washing ton, D. C. The maximum rates allowed tire as follows; For once a week service, $8 per mile per annum; twice a week service, *15 per mile per annum; three times a week service, $22 per mile per annum. No proposals at a higher rate of compensation than the above will be considered. The Depart ment is anxious tee restore mail facilities to the county seats and the other important offices of Georgia at the earliest day practicable. The existing postal law requires that all un paid letters be sent directly to tlie dead letter of fice. Letters bearing stamps of the old issue and internal revenue stamps are treated as unpaid. Many do not seem to be aware of these facts. Silver minin'*' in Nevada—Letter from (irn. Rosecrans. Tin* Boston Advertiser publishes the following extract from a letter from Major General Wil liam S. Rosecrans to a gentleman in that city.— The letter is under date of September 8th, 1865: I will give you, anil through you for the benefit of others in Boston, to whom schemes uul mines shall be presented, a few general ob servations and principles which in my judgment will or should control the silver mining, and the purchase of mines for that purpose in this coun try. 1. The number of lodes of silver ore is almost unlimited in Nevada, and no part of the State shows more lodes or richer ores than Reese river. 2. Therefore many of great richness of ore must remain utterly without value, present or prospec tive, for years to come; hence, not every “large” lode, however promising the ore, should be pur chased. 3. No reduction works should be erected upon a single lode, however promising, lest the at least temporary failure of an adequate supply of ore should entail losses upon the company. 5. Only those mines which have several lodes in such proximity to each other as to be easily and economically worked by the same superin tendent, and with a single set of machinery for pumping water and hoisting the ore, are likely to lx truly useful. 5. This is the more important in this country, where the surface of tlie country is a net work of mall rich lodes, running parallel to and crossing inch other in every direction, and often only a few feet apart, because these spurs and cross cuts add to a company’s chances of increased profit and success, and give it, moreover, all the benefit of its own draining, shafting, tunnelling and ventilation. 6. Whoever buys single mines—mines far apart, or high in tlie hills and of difficult access —must expect to lose money by it, or to hold them as “ permanent investments.” 7. It ought to be known to the public that much of the mining is at present speculative, aud most of the money "that is made off unfortunate purchasers of mines, at high prices, goes into the hands of middle men, who are quite willing to profit bv the losses of both capitalists and miners. Such is the feverish eagerness of the poor lo cators and proprietors, that they hasten to give deeds in fee to some adventuring speculator, who starts from the East to sell their mines for all they can get, regardless of what becomes of the mine or the purchaser. But on the question of the really almost un limited quantity of the precious metal in Nevada, and of the existence of the necessary salt, water, fuel, and other necessaries for their mining and reduction in such a way as to amply remunerate well directed capital, T entertain no doubt; nor do I think any other attentive observer would.— Reallv, all that Bishop Simpson said about the quantity of silver in this State, fanciful as it may appear to those who have not been here, is no exaggeration. Chattanooga Rolling Mill.—We under stand that this valuable piece of property has at last been disposed of by the Government for $173,000 10 John A. Spoouer, of Boston—the same person, it will be remembered, to whom Gen. Sherman wrote his celebrated letter on ne gro enlistments. This change in ownership will have an Immense influence in developing the railroad interests of the Southern country, as the mill can in a few days lx made available for fur nishing, to almost any amount, all that kind of heaw"material now most urgently needed by all of our roads. It is, in tact,"the only establish ment of the kind in the South. Sonie complica tions in regard to the land on which the mill stands, have, however, arisen, which may, per haps for a time, prevent the public from reaping the advantages of such a change of owners. The proprietor of the land, Mr. Crutchfield, of Chat- tanooira, is not, we believe, disposed in favor of a sale~bn any terms. The Government having right and title only in the works and buildings, a compromise of some kind will, of course, have to be effected between Messrs. Spooner and Crutchfield, a consummation that will not, we hope, lx long delayed.—JYitshvillc Banner. The negroes of Nashville, or such of them as were married while slaves by the “ broomstick ” ceremony, are getting married over again in due orm of law. Where is the Unconditional Union party? At Worcester tliey were full of conditions. [communicated.] Railroads aud Civil Engineers. Calhoun, Ga., 1803. Editor Intelligencer: I know not whether you will think my com n*unication of enough general interest to have a place in your columns or otherwise, but 1 ant quite sure that there are many of t our readers who will follow me tlirough the investigations I shall make with no little prtience anil interest.— Although I have spent the best years of my past life in scientific study, I do not leel competent to speak as “one having much authority,” nor do I offer niv ideas aud conclusions for more than they are worth; but after having made much inquiry and patient investigations with a view to the dis covery of the best methods of constructing pub lic roads, and especially that for the laying out and keeping up of railroads, I have been induced to sav something on the subject to those who have control of the railroads in Georgia. I am sure that every civil or military engineer in the South will agree that the “ profession ” hasdwin died to almost nothing, and directly as the em ployment of professional engineers, by those whose business it is to order the construction of public ways, goes into disuse, we see these public ways begin to fall short of their object in many respects, and in notliing so much as in the nett pecuniary profits. Railroads have become the source of great internal wealth. They build cities, give impulse and impetus to labor, and, to a great extent, rule agriculture. They are the great financial arteries of a nation. Now, there are many reasons why the railroads of Georgia should be rebuilt to a certain extent, and the first is the growing scarcity of wood for fuel and con struction. A single glance at the condition of the Western & Atlantic Railroad will give no idea of the extent of necessary repairs. Leaving out the mention of the fact that there must be an entirely new set of bridges, it will take but a few words to lay before the reader an outline of the state of the roadway. In the first place the grading in many places is greatly defective.— When first laid out this road was disfigured and rendered dangerous by the admission of a great number of short curves. These curves were constructed first with the proper radii, and the most accurate rule for superelevation was fol lowed ; but since its completion the road has been under the supervision of boasted “practical men,” whose deep sense of the practical has entirely over-leaped science, and the consequence is that the level of the road has not nearly Ixen kept up and many of the curves are shorter than admit of speed aud safety. Nor is this all. The scien tific engineer will see in every mile of the road causes of unnecessary expense. The merely practical man would never imagine how many dollars go off in steam in one month to overcome useless resistance in the way of grades and curves, and the malconstruction of joints and switches—irregular track-lining, unsteady cross- tying, &c., &c. Let any one make the calculation and the quotient will surprise him. Nor is the W. & A. R. R. alone in these respects. The Georgia road, the Central road, the West Point road, and, indeed, every railway in Georgia is in like condition. And what is the state of our common roads? What aheays has been their state ? Without further comment I will simply state that in no other country can such miserable highways be found. Tlii3 must be remedied, and it is to discuss a remedy that this article is written. The question arises at once, why are all our public works so much inferior to those of Eng land , France, Italy aud Germany ? Simply from the fact that the latter are constructed under the supervision of professional engineers; while the former are built by contract, or given over to the care of some disappointed barrister, who has taken it into his head that because he is not a sympathetical lawyer, he is certainly an analyti cal engineer. Why is it that the profession of the civil en gineer is not protected by law? Every one knows or should know, that it is a profession which from its very nature requires a long course of persevering study, ere the aspirant can dare attempt its practice with any hope of attaining a permanent reputation, and this is the more true on account of the protection the law throws around the other learned professions. Why is it that the Minister of tlie Gospel, the Doctor of Medicine, and the Lawyer are so much favored over the Civil Engiueer, whose profession it lias cost more time and hard study to acquire than all the others ? Why would it be a hardship for the State of Georgia to enact that no man should be employed to construct tiny public work, who could not show that his profession was that of a Civil Engineer? Why would it be wrong for the State to allow no one but a pro fessional Engineer to oversee the repairs of pub lic works? Not till this is done, will engineer ing skill show itself in our railway bridges, ca nals, tunnels, mines, dams, reservoirs and com mon roads. In England, each railroad has a professional engineer for its superintendent of repairs and improvements, and each county has its surveyor, who is generally a professional en gineer. Were this the case in Georgia, we should soon see a great improvement in the appearance and utility of our public works. More anon. James M. Thompson, Civ. Eng. VTLANTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18,1865. NUMBER 11. Tragedy In Illinois—Jealomy and. Harder. Sunday afternoon, Gifford I^own aud Joseph March, both or this county,' met at singing school held at Prarie Chapel, Ipar Kansas, when the latter invited the former toltake a walk with him. ^lie invitation was accepted, and the two left the crowd and went aroun|l to the rear of a com field, about a quarter qii a mile from the meeting house. Soon after the discharge of'a pistol was heard in that direction, aud March came running in a very excite 1jnanner towards the meeting house, mounted hie horse and dash ed off. The bystanders rushed in the direction where they heard the report of the pistol, to see what had happened. On arriving at the spot, they found the lifeless body of Brown lying wel tering in bis own blood. A gentleman who happened to be riding up in full view of the two, but who, was unperceived by them, states that at the time of the tragic oc currence Brown was standing with his knife out whittling on a fence rail, whep March deliberate ly drew his pistol and discharged it, the ball tak ing effect beliind the left ear, *nd producing in stant death. This statement 1 was corroborated by the fact that the knife wabound lying open as it fell from the hand of tkenead man ; a fresh notch was also observed in a nil. This scene at once accounted for March’s ex cited manner, and rapid flight Pursuit was im diately given. The fugitive was chased about a half mile, when he was pushed so closely that he left his horse and took to « corn field. * This was surrounded and the interior explored. The fugitive wa3 soon found eogeealed in a pond about the centre of the fielffjma head and shoul- dera only pr otruding from ffpFmtter. He told his pursuers if they would not shoot him he would give himself up, and accordingly did so, and was placed under guards Justice Bond held an inquest oyer the dead body of the murdered man. Both parties hail been soldiers. Brown was formerly a member of the Seventy-ninth Illinois regiment, but was discharged and returned home some time since. March had but recently re turned. It is said he had been engaged to marry a girl who resides in the neighborhood of the tragic occurrence, who or the return of Brown plighted her affections to-hira March rode up to the object of his passion on Sunday afternoon; just as she was coming out of the gate leading to her fkfli-sr’s residence, anil asked her if he could accompany her to church. She told him that he could, hot that her company was engaged for the return. He asked her “ by whom, Brown ?” and on receiving an affirmative answer, and having previously learned that the parties were engaged, he replied that he “ in tended to kill linn before siradown!” Stung to the quick by the reply, with Ihe green-eyed mon star, jealousy, rankling in his bosom, he dashed off, only thinking of revenge swift, sure and ter rible. The young lady intended fo communicate the threat to her lover, but unfortunately no oppor tunity offered, and the exasperated and defeated aspirant to her hand, seized upon the first oppor tunity to execute his deadly threat in the sum- mary manner above narrated The examination of the prisoner before a Jus tice’s Court, was not concluiled till Tuesday af ternoon, when he was brought in under a guard of four men on the six o’clock train, and com mitted to jail to await his trial before the next term of the Circuit Court.—Wilmington (Bel) Journal. The Colored mechanics or Columbus. The Sun <f* Times, of the 7th inst., publishes the following: Wukrf. as" The Colored Mechanics of this city have long felt the evils arising from incompetent workmen carrying on the business of the several branches of mechanics, as also the direct injury arising from the variety of prices charged for the same job in the different trades. In order, there fore, to remedy this as far as possible, be it Resolved, That we will organize ourselves into a Society, or Club, having for its object the reg ulation of the price of labor, as also the advance ment of colored mechanics in the city. Our principal object will be to adopt a uniform price for our work, and at the same time to try to rid the community of some of the “jacklegs” and pretenders who have done more to bring us into discredit than anything else. Resolved, That the Blacksmith, the Wheel wright, the Carpenter and the Bricklayer, and other tradesmen will proceed at once to fix a schedule of prices for the leading jobs in their respective trades. By this means a systematic method of doing business will be secured, and much inconvenience and misunderstanding pre vented. Resolved, That we deplore the necessity, if any exists, that brings so many colored people to the city in search of work, or as some do, loaf about in ’idleness. They can do better in the country, and we advise them to return and remain there. Winter is near. House rent and fuel very high, nothing but starvation and freezing before them. Take all this into consideration. Resolved, That this movement among ns is not a “strike” nor intended as such—nor is it our de sire or intention to place ourselves on an equali ty. or try to compete with white mechanics. The majority of us being well known, and dependent upon tlie public for "a living, would not*be likely to do anything to give offense, or wound the feelings of any person in the city, which we are proud to call our home and to whose people our hearts cling as fondlv as in the “days of yore.” Mark H. Freeman., ~Sec’y. Bridge over the Tennessee River at Chattanooga.—The Government will shortly offer for sale the bridge over the Tennessee river at Chattanooga. If “this bridge is substantial enough to withstand the Spring and Fall rises, we have no doubt but that it would pay a very handsome profit to the parties having it under control. No toll has so far been charged by the military authorities, owing to the embarrassed condition of the people in’ that section of coun try- ^ Senator Wilson has been stumping New Jer sey. He works while the other plays^upon the j same old string. An Embassy From tlie Bey of Tnnis. The steamship Persia, which arrived at this port late on Tuesday night, 'brought among her passengers Mr. Perry, our Consul to Tunis, and an embassy from the Bey of Tunis to President Johnson. This embassy is sent onj^e double errand of condoling with our Government on the death of President Lincoln and felicitating it on the return of peace. The members of the embassy have with them a letter of condolence to Mrs. Lincoln and a letter of felicitation t,. President Joltnson. The members are: j Gen. Otman Hasbem, SjjL?.*} Envoy from the Bey of Tunis. > ' Col. Ramiro Gaita, his Aid-ile-camp. The Chevalier Antoine Conti, Secretary and Interpreter. These gentlemen are not A fricans in the con ventional sense of the term. In personal appear ance they are more like the Moors or Turks than the African negro. They are men of education, speak French, and are of position and influence in their own country. They wear the European costume and the Turkish fez. The Embassy will remain in this country only a few weeks. To-day they will leave for Wash ington, where thej r will have a formal interview with the President, It is expected that tliey will receive much attention at the national capital, and on their return to this city will probably en joy similar hospitality. This is the first time that a representative from Tunis has ever crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Onr Government has hail a consular representative there with diplomatic functions, but Tunis lias hitherto been unrepresented in this country. Mr. Perry, our Consul, who is escorting the embassy, returns to this country after an absence of over three years. He is from Rhode Island, but will proceed to Washington before visiting liis home. The present Bey of Tunis who sends this em bassy is abou 50 years old. 1 It* lias been in pow er seven or eight years. They were received by Collector King, Naval Officer Odell, anil Surveyor Wakeman, at the steamer’s wharf, and welcomed to this country on behalf of the Government. They occupy tlie parlors 42 ami 43 of the Astor House.—JY. Y. Hews. A New Way to Get a Young aud Hand* some Wife. A Garafraxa correspondent of the Guelph (Canada West) Advertiser gets off the follow- *'f he young men in one of our neighboring townships recently experienced a considerable amount of chagrin when the fact became known that an old gray-lieaded widower nail been mar ried to one of the most beautiful young women in this part of the country. As the affair ap peared rather singular, some persons have Ixen induced to make inquiries respecting tlie manner in which the courtship was conducted, and cer tainly, if their account be true, ihey have been well repaid for their labor. They say that the first step taken by the aged lover was to get an old gipsy to go and tell t;he young lady’s fortune, he having dictated the words, which were as fol lows : “My dear young lady, your star will soon be hid for a short time try a very dark cloud, but when it re-appears it will continue to shine with uninterrupted splendor until the end of your days. Before one week, a wealthy old widower, wearing a suit of black clothes and a fine castor hat, will pay you a visit and request your hand in marriage. You will accept his offer, become his wife, and be left a widow in the possession of all his property before the close of this year. Your next husband will be a young man of whom you think most ai present.” Three days after, the old gentleman, being dressed in the manner described by the gipsy, presented himself to the young lady, obtained her consent, soon offer had the marriage ceremony performed, and thus be came the possessor of one of the prettiest little wives on this side of Guelph or any other place. At the funeral of Prince Joseph Bonaparte, at Rome, after the ceremonies were concluded, that ia, after the coffin of the Prince had been depoeited in its proper place in the family vault, the maitrecC hotel of the defunct walked up to the coffin and said in a grave tone: “ Vostra altezza non commands viente?” (What are your high ness’ orders ?) No reply coming from the coffin, the maitre dhotel backed out, and, on reaching the portico of the church, shouted to the coro- neted carriages without: “Tornate a casa, sua altezza non commands nieute.” (Home! his highness has given no orders.) The custom dates from the fifteenth eenturv. Shoddy In Paris. Shoddy is here at last, and the mouth of Paris w aters, anil the ears of Paris tingle at the sound of well-filled pockets. I have just returned from half an hour’s lounge in the court yard of the hotel, shoddy’s headquarters. Behold him in his magnificence as he reclines gracefully upon two chairs, one arm thrown over the back of the third, bis boot heel resting, at an elevation higher than his head, upon the rim of one of the wooden tubes that contain the fan-like palmiers. He is smoking his seventh cigar, while he waits the return of liis wife and daughters from the drive—be it recorded en passant that female shoddy never walks—and here they come! Fat, sallow’ and long past forty, the matron shoddy sits bolt upright, for if she reclined tlie world would lose half her attractions, and while seein. she drives to be seen. She has diamonds in her ears; she has pearls around her neck; and a Niagara of pearls flow mg over her mountainous bosom. She has heavy bracelets on her arms, rings upon her fingers, and would have bells upon her toes if the preju dices of society were not against such a fashion. The shoddy maidens are not as refulgent as the mother. The whole court yard as they enter brightens up as with a sudden burst of sunbeams, and as they descend, which they do somewhat heavily, from the carriage, there is a prolonged metalic rattle, as though they wore, which in great part they do, chain armor over their clothes. Shoddy himself, cigar in mouth—it is never out except to eat, drink or spit—lounges over to them, consults his watch, a costly affair, a size smaller than the hotel clock above his head, and hinting that it is lunch time, states his intention of “putting himself outside of something right off.” The ladies replying, through their noses, that they have no “objections,” the whole party shine and rattle up the steps, and are soon en gaged in “taking stock”—the phrase is shoddy— of a light and elegant repast, consisting of Stras bourg pie, pickled salmon, lobster salad, cucum ber and cheese, washed down by two bottles of clicquot, and concluded with what the ladies de nominate a “freshener up” and the gentlemen a corpse reviver!” This glorious vision had scarcely vanished from my view, when my at tention was called, by their very high voices, to a meeting of shoddy ladies who were w aiting, as they termed it, “to be hauled up to their rooms by the diving bell.” They were yellower in ev ery way than the party I have just mentioned, as brassy and more billious, keeping up a high-pres sure conversation in voices pitched to the key note of a railway whistle. Forced by circumstances to becoqie a listener, I was favored in less than five minutes with much domestic information which, wiser than they, I shall keep to myself, merely recording the fact that Jane, the daughter of one of tlie ladies, was at that moment “fixing herself up” for a drive in the Bois, and that Stephen has gone out with his father to “liquor.” Do I exaggerate ? Cer tainly not, Paris, as I have before said, is flood ed by les nouvenattx riches of the new world— men who more than realize Ben Johnson’s cyni cal conception, and are face, subtle and epicure mammon combined.—Paris Correspondence of the London Daily Telegraph. The Cholera In France and Spain. FEARFUL RAVAGES OF THE DISEASE IN TOULON AND MARSEILLES—FIFTY-TWO DEATHS IN ONE DAY. " [Tonlon Correspondence Mcssager da Midi.] Notwithstanding the zeal, activity, and devo tion of the civil, military, and naval-authorities, in enforcing sanitary measures, the cholera has made such progress as to produce an universal panic. Forty-four deaths were registered at 7 on Friday afternoon, of which thirty-five were caused by cholera, and among them was several persons whose death caused profound sensation. Captain Maissin, of the imperial nary, died on Friday of cholera; a victim to liis zeal in assisting others. The deaths increased on Friday night. The municipal Council, which hitherto concealed the progress of the disease in order not to alarm the inhabitants, have now established temporary hospitals to which the sick are to be conveyed. Thif death:. in*thc small ■ village of \a Sevne, at, the opposite of the harbor of Toulon, are still more numerous in proportion than in tlie latter town, notwithstanding the departure of several thousand Piedmontese workmen, who fled at the first appearance of cholera. The disease, unfor tunately, has not yet diminished its ravages at Marseilles. There were fifty deaths registered from it there on Saturday last, the greatest num ber recorded on any one day this year. An equal number of deaths occurred on Sunday. The latest sanitary bulletin record from Mar seilles state that on September 18 there were eighty-seven deaths, jifty-tivo from cholera. PANIC IN TOULON AND LA SEVNE—TI1E WORK MEN FLYING INTO THE COUNTRY—BUTCHERS AND BAKERS CLOSING THEIR SHOPS. [From the Sentiiielle Toiilionnais.] The terrible scourge which is at the present moment making so many victims at Toulon, has also fallen with great severity on the small town of La Seyne, adjoining. The cholera has sud denly made its appearance in that locality, and its ravages are so great that the terrified popula tion, which usually numbers from twelve to four teen thousand persons, has been reduced to from four thousand to live thousand. On Saturday last the number of deaths w as increased to forty, which caused a general panic among tlie work men of the Societe des Forges et Chantiers de la Mediterranee. These men in their fear fled from the town, some by rail and others on foot, into the open country. The directors of the company, under these circumstances, have adopted the measures the emergency called for. A large number of butchers and bakers having closed their shops, tlie company have supplied a convoy of provisions to tiie workshops. An ambulance service has been organized, and w r e are glad to state that many persons attacked, having re ceived the best medical assistance, have recov ered. THE CHOLERA IN SPAIN—ITS APPEARANCE AT SEVILLE, TRIANA, ETC. [From the Madrid Epoca. ] At Valencia many persons of distinction have latelv died from cholera. It is not at all certain that ‘the cholera has appeared at Seville. Some cases have been ascertained at Triana, but they are attributed to some traveler coming from the Camp of San Roque. At Lisbon the sanitary state is satisfactory, as also everywhere else in Portugal. The cholera unfortunately exercises its ravages on many points of the peninsula. At Madrid the authorities have ordered some pre ventive arrangements. » October. Solemn, yet beautiful to view. Month of my heart, thou dawuest here, With sear anil faded leaves to strew The Summer’s inelaneholv hier; The moaning of thy winds I hear, As the red' sunset dies afar. And bars of purple clond appear. Obscuring every western star. Thou solemn month! I hear thy voice, It tells my soul of other days. When but to live was to rejoice. When earth was lovely to my gaze. O, visions bi ight 1 O, blessed hours ; Where are those livin'- raptures now f I ask my spirit's wearied powers, I ask my pale and fevered brow. Alas ! for Time, aud Death, and Care, What gloom about our way they fling, Like clouds in Autumn's gusty air. The burial pageant of tne Spring. The dreams that each succeeding year. Seemed bathed in hnes of living pride, At last, like withered leaves, appear. And sleep in darkness, side hy side. The Nominee for Governor of South Car olina.—James Lawrence Orr, was bom in An derson District, South Carolina, in 1822. Though a good classical scholar, and a lawyer of high reputation, he w-as employed until his eighteenth year, behind the counter of his father, w T ho was a store-keeper. He graduated in the University of Virginia in 1842, and then became an editor in his native town. In 1844 he entered the State Legislature, and opposed the nullification scheme of Mr. Calhoun. Between 184-5 and 1848 he de voted himself to the bar, when he was returned to Congress. He opposed the admission of Cal ifornia and compromise measures of Henry Clay, and in 1851 attended a meeting in Charleston to consider the expediency of withdrawing South Carolina out of the Union. He voted subse quently for the repeal of the Missouri Compro mise Bill. In the Thirty-fifth Congress he was chosen Speaker, and was remarkable for his im partiality and justice. His reputation is national, having been frequently urged as a candidate for the Presidency and Vice Presidency. On the election of Mr. Lincoln he voted in favor of the secession of South Carolina, and was subsequent ly sent as one of three commissioners to Wash ington to demand the surrender of the United States property in South Carolina. He appears to have soon become disgusted with the Confed eracy, and remained passive during the civil war. In the recent South Carolina Convention he led the Union party, and was active in his ex ertions to bring tlie State within the require ments that would restore it to its former position. His election as Governor will scarcely be con tested. “ It’s Mighty Hard-”—A minister who had lost his wife and had become weary of his sec ond edition of single Mate, was once instructing a congregation from the passage, “Use this world as not abusing it, etc.” In the course of liis re marks he took occasion to mention some things which a Christian could dispense with in this world. In the category he placed a wife. He had, however, scarcely said, “A man may do without a wife,” when'his experience stoutly pro tested, and he finished this branch of the subject by saying, in the simplicity of his heart, “ but, my brethren, it’s mighty hard! ” Old Andreas Hansen, the Russian giant, formerly a curiosity in Bamum’s Museum, went “on a spree” the other night in New Y ork. He is eight feet one inch tall, and large in propor tion, so that his capacity for beer drinking rath er astonished the inn keepers whom he patron ized. He finally went to sleep, and was then ar retted by a single bold policeman. Ex-General Mansfield Lovell.—We have been amused by a report which seems to be per tinaciously insisted on by the Northern papers— that General Lovell has become an associated editor of the New York Daily News—that he is now busily engaged in clipping extracts with ed itorial scissors, preparing monstrous narratives of horrid murders, beautiful burglaries, ingenious forgeries, and sublime swindlings. We are some what reluctant to spoil a good story, but as we are in the habit of shaking hands with General Lovell every third day in the week, and had the pleasure yesterday of crushing a cup of Maderia with him, we must insist that he is not, and nev er has been, scissors-clipping or sensation edi tor in any of the news offices of the great Goth amite city. So tar from it, the General is now ab solutely playing Cincinnatus in his retirement. He farms it within a few miles of us, and exhib its that beautiful bronze complexion which no sun has been yet found to hurt; that proportion of frame and vigor of muscle which indicates the young fanner of thirty-five, and a degree of litheness and agility which leaves you do reason to doubt that he can readily, as he boasts, take a tree after a possum or coon, and climb with any rival in the land. Briefly, Gen. Lovell is cultiva ting his own com and peas, aud tomato and turnip, and not the peculiar morals of New York city.—Columbia (8. G.) Phoenix. A Severe Hit.—Coming from the source it does—the Cincinnati Commercial—the following is severe upon the notorious individual referred to: It appears that General Butler is laboring with the President very severely. There are persons who regard him as saving his country very ef- fectuallv by protracting the war a year—a thing which ’competent military men are positive he did, by his blundering before Petersburg with the Army of the James. Immediately after the as sassination of President Lincoln," General But ler’s partisans attempted to thrust him into tlie Cabinet in the position of Secretary of State. The President, however, was not disposed to as sist the assassins in getting Mr. Seward out of the way, and declined to reorganize his Cabinet according to the radical programme. It is sug gested that Gen. Butler is exerting himself to get his resignation as Major General accepted. If that is bis business at Washington, it is to be hoped that he will be successful Marshal de Clausel.—The New Orleans Picayune, in giving some excellent advice to those young soldiers who have not yet found employment, relates the following interesting incident in tlie history of Marshal de Clausel: Let our young soldiers remember and profit by the example of the old French soldiers, many of them officers who had won distinction in the big wars in Europe, who, in their exile in this coun try, cheerfully adopted any pursuit by which they could make an honest livelihood. Any thing in preference to loaferism, vagabondism, and humiliating dependence. Many of the old citizens of Mobile will remember an elderly Frenchman, who, some thirty-five years ago, used to be seen eveiy morning in the market, with his car of fish and vegetables, selling by re tail those products of his own industry and skill. His manners and appearance betrayed a previ ous life and experience in some higher or very different sphere from that in which he then moved. But the old man was contented, cheer ful, and vivacious, and he thrived and was happy. That man was one of the most distinguished of Napoleon’s surviving Marshals. A few years afterward, on the establishment of Louis Phil ippe on the throne of France, he was restored to his position in the French army, and the Mobile vegetable and fish vender became the first Mili tary Governor of Algeria. Such is the story of Marshal de Clausel, and it is the story of many other distinguished officers of the great army of Napoleon. Ouryoiuig soldiers must study and imitate this pilosophy and noble self-command, which are such admirable characteristics <of French men. Important.—The Montgomery Advertiser says: A strange misconception prevailed until lately as to the effec t of the President’s amnesty and pardon. As plain as tlie President’s Proclamation ap peared to impartial readers, the Freedmen’s Bu reau dceideil that amnesty and pardon carried with them immunity from arrest and punishments for crime only. But the matter was finally brought directly to the attention of President Johnson in the case of Mr. R. H. Short, a well known citizen of Louisiana, who, on the 29th of July, received his pardon, but General Howard, Chief of the Freedmen’s Bureau, at Washington refused to restore him his mansion in New Or leans, occupied by Gen. N. P. Banks; whereupon Mr. Short went to the President in person and obtained the following letter, from which dates ail the subsequent rulings on this vexed question. It is needless to add that upon this showing, Mr. Short was speedily restored to his rights of prop erty, and General N. P. Banks “vamosed to Bos- ting:” Executive Mansion, 1 Washington, D. C., Aug. 14,1865. f R. H. Short, of New Orleans, La., having been excepted under the Amnesty Proclamation of May 29, 1865, lias this day been pardoned spe cially, and lie is thereby restored to all liis rights of property, except as to slaves, just tlie same as though he hail been entitled to the benefits of said Amnesty. Andrew Johnson, President. The Coat of Mail.—Just before Napoleon set out for the Court of Belgium he sent to the cleverest artisan of his class in Paris, and de manded of him whether he would engage to make the coat of mail, to be worn under the or dinary dress, which should be absolutely bullet proof: and tliat, if so, lie might make nis own price for such a work. The men engaged to make the desired object, if allowed proper time, and he named eighteen thousand francs as the price of it. The bargain was concluded, and in due time the work was produced, and its maker honored with a second audience of the Emperor. “Now,” said his Im perial Majesty, ‘put it on.” The man did so. “As I am to stake my life on its efficacy, you will, I suppose, have no objections to do the same.” And he took a brace of pistols and prepared to discharge one of them at the breast of the aston ished artisan. There was no retreating, however. Still, half dead with fear, he stood the fire, and, to the infinite credit of his work, with perfect im punity. But the Emperor was not satisfied with one trial; he fired the second pistol at tlie back of the trembling artisan, and afterwards discharged a fowling-piece at another part of him, with a similar effect. “There is an order for them,” said the Emperor; “and here is another, for an equal sum, for the fright that I have given you.” The History of Pews.—In Anglo-Saxon and some of the Norman churches of early date, a stone lxnch was to project within the wall, running around tlie whole exterior, except the East end. In 1317 they are represented as sit ting on the ground or standing. About this time people introduced low, rude, three-legged stools promiscuously over the church. Wooden seats were introduced soon after the Norman conquest. In 1527 a decree was issued in regard to tlie wrangling for seats, so common that none could call any seat in the church liis own, except no blemen and patrons, each entering and holding the one he first found. As we approach the Re formation, from 1530 to 1540, seats were more appropriated, the entrance being guarded by cross-bars, and the initial letters engraved on them. Immediately after the Reformation the pew system prevailed, as we learn from a com plaint the poor commons addressed to Heiuy VIII, in 1546, in reference to his decree that a Bible should be in every church, at liberty for all to read, because they feared it might be taken into the “quyre” or some “pue.” In 1C08 V galle ries were introduced As early as 1614 pews were arranged to afford comfort by being baized or cushioned, while the sides around were so high as to hide,those within; a device of tlie Pu ritans to avoid Ixing seen by the officers who re ported those who did not stand when the name of Jesus was mentioned. The services were of ten greatly protracted, so that many would fall asleep; hence Swift’s pithy allusion— ••A bedstead of the antiqe mode, Compact, of timber many a load; Such ae our ancestors did use, Woa metamorphosed into pews: Which still their ancient nature keep. By lodging folks disposed to sleep.’ With tlie reign of Charles I, the reasons for the heightening of the sides disappeared. From the Louisville Journal. File Last Letter Ever Written by the Late Bishop Geu. Polk. We present below a copy of tlie lust autograph letter, probably, by tlie late Bishop Gen. Polk, of tlie Confederate army. It was captured by chief bugler Joseph Roskyevicli, (Roszkiewiez,) of the Eleventh Cavalry, at Salisbury, N. C. It was addressed, it will be perceived,'to his daughter, just after her marriage. The original is in our possession, and can be obtained by tlie lady to whom it was addressed. We are also desired to say that tlie watch of Bishop Gen. Polk, which was captured with much other property at tlie same time, is now in the hands of the same gen tleman, and is at the disposal of tlie family oil he deceased. We knew Bishop Polk personally and well, and, aside from all political questions or consid erations, always regarded him as a pure, Chris tian gentleman—an opinion that we have never changed. Let us not judge the dead. To then- own Master they stand or fall: New Hope Church, 15 Miles ) From Marietta, June 1,1864. ) My Dear Lilly : Since I heard of your mar riage, I have been more constantly engaged than I have been in any campaign I have ever made, and so have not found time to write to you as 1 had hoped. ******** You have now, my dear child, entered upon a new field, and under God’s blessing (upon which if you look to Him you may count) your future happiness and success will depend very much upon yourself. Do always what is right, not cal culating what is expedient, but try and find out what is right, and with a pure heart and true de votion, go straight forward and do it. Be always kind and considerate of the feelings and rights of others, and you null be very apt to have your feelings and rights respected. Watch against impatience of spirit. If you keep your heart al ways under the grace of God’s spirit you will be very apt to have your own power of self-control complete and perfec . That is a thing to be cul tivated, and is the fruit of watchfulness and prayerftilness. Let i be the business of your life to strive for large attainments in that way. It will be your greatest safety from yourself, tlie world and the devil, and will be a shield and tower of strength for you. I know not what Mr. Huger is doing, or what the commission he now holds, but suppose lie has something in the quartermaster’s department. I trust it cannot be a great while before this war will be at an end, and we shall find field enough for us all to make a living in, and that we shall in the meantime practice such economy as shall enable us to Jive through the war. I am now looking for an attack of the enemy on our lines, and avail of the pause and quiet that prevails to write you these lines. Our army is in good spirits and confident, un der the blessing of God, of success in the com ing conflict. It is also in high condition. Our trust is in God. " May the good Lord bless and keep you and yours, my dear child, in all vour coming experi ences and trials of life, and afterward receive you to glory, is the prayer of your affectionate father. L. Polk. Mrs. Moore, Widow of the Poet.—A link between the literature of this day and tlie Byron era was broken on the 4th instant, by tlie death of tlie widow of “Tom Moore,” at the age of 66. She died at Sloperton Cottage, England,long the residence of the brilliant author of the “Melo dies” Few are now left says the London Times, of the brilliant company who adorned the early part of the nineteenth century, and whose names are famous in our literature. Among these names none is or will be held in more kindly re membrance than that of the lady to whom the poet Moore gave his heart. Moore not only loved her—he was proud of her, and it is delight ful to see in his letters and in his diaries with what eagerness he sounded her praises. He writes to his mother in 1813: You cannot imagine what a sensation Bessy excited at the ball the other night. She was very prettily dressed, aud certainly looked veiy beau tiful. I never saw so much admiration excited. It strikes almost everybody that secs her low like the form and expression of her .'face are to Catalani’s. And so through all liis letters and journals, life is never tired of referring to her, quoting wliat she said, telling wliat she did,- describing how she looked and recording how she was admired. He married her in 1811, and her history is sum med up in this one phrase—tliat she was the de light of his life. She does not appear to occupy a great place in liis poetry; but it is one of the carious traits of many a poet that he is excited to sing less hy the real mistress of his heart, than by some imaginary heroine, or by some beauty that kindles a passing flame. Mrs Moore was not a Lcsbia, nor a Beatrice, nor a Laura, nor a Highland Mary, destined in song to live forever; but as much as any of these, if not more, she was a poet’s idol. She died at 3 o’clock in the morning. She was sensible to the end. She knew that she was dying, and she said that she was quite happy. She was the last that remained to us of the Moore family, and now that she is departed we begin to count with some sadness how many links are there left to connect the present genera tion of letters with the past. An exchange paper says: “ Rather keen and suggestive was a repartee made the other eve ning by a little fellow in a Pittsfield, Mass., barber shop. A gentleman of standing and an owner in one one of the factories, came in, and, impa- taiut of being delayed while two boys hail their hair cut, remarked—‘ Little boys ought to have their hair cut in day time, and go to bed in tlie evening.’ ‘Yes,’ replied one of the juveniles; but little boys who have to get up at 5 o’clock in the morning, and work in the mill till 7 at night, must get their hair cut when they can.’ ” If some Southern correspondent of an aboli tion newspaper will relate an instance of the working of little “nigger” children from five o’clock in the morning until 7 at night, we shall see the circumstance worked up by some Massa chusetts newspaper as conclusive evidence of the necessity for protection of the negro, and of the folly and wickedness of the President’s plan of restoration. We can imagine how they would enlarge upon the cruelty to tender infancy, and the pathos with which they should plead against “oppression.” If some 700 negro wenches in South Carolina should conclude to emigrate to regions on the other side of the continent, we can imagine how such a determination and its execution would move the sympathies of the pious Puritans, and the many harrowing details which they would depict of the want, inhospi tality and misery which led them to forsake their homes and kindred. The descendents of the Pilgrims “shrieked” over the sale of anegress too ignorant to comprehend her situation and pleased with the novelty which the change of it brought, but they send their own daughters by tlie cargo to the rude miners of Oregon and Washington, trusting that tlie sensual passions of those wild adventures will lead them to a generosity in their behalf which friends anil relatives at home de nied.—Chicago Times. The Height of Coolness.—A story is told of a man who insured in London one thousand cigars, valued at £200, against fire and water.— After the lapse of six months he made his ap pearance at the insurance office and demanded his money, as the cigars had been all burned. “But not on board the vessel, sir,” said the Sec retary. “for she is in dock now.” “Yes, on board the vessel; I smoked them, and therefore burned them all myself, and their insurance says against fire.” The Secretary seemed taken aback, but told the smoker to call again the next day. He call ed at the appointed time, but was met by the So licitor of the compnny, who told him if he did not relinquish his claim he would be prosecuted as one who had knowingly and willfully set fire to goods insured by the company. Dwarf Elephants.—A pair of beautiful and playful dwarf elephants, not much larger than good-sized Newfoundland dogs, recently amyed in London from the interior of Afnca. A hey are extraordinary curiosities, and the first of tlie breed ever brought to England. One ot them was bought by the Royal Zoological Gardens, Re<rentsPark, London, and t'ne other was pur chased by Mr. Bamum’s agc"t, for his new Mu seum. It left London for New York in charge of its keeper, in the ship Daniel Webster, on the 18th of September. The cost of this little crea ture was £1,600, being as gold now stands about *11000. \ Long John Wentworth, of Chicago, li^s bought Gen. Grant s old war horse Jack, which he gave to the Chicago Fair, for *475; - Some editors are so very small that they should spell their editorial 44 We” with two <f e s*—