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.EDUCATIONAL PREPARATION A f
GROWING REQUIREMENT FOR
SUCCESS IN MODERN BUSINESS
Death-Knell Sounded for Guesswork and Slipshod
Methods by Advancing Technical Proficiency in i
Finance, Trade and Industry—How Banks ,, ]
Are Developing a Professionally Qualified
Generation of Younger Bankers.
By HAROLD STONIER $
American Bankers Association *
/ T'HE great school of Experience is still holding classes in
i- America, but the scientific spirit of the age has so gener¬
ally invaded the workshops of industry and trade that they
HAROLD STONIER.
finance are virtually essential to outstanding success in these
fields, as it is already an absolute prerequisite in the various
This is not to the value of
native ability and experience in busi
ness, but education after all is merely
a means for helping the individual to
apply the net good of the accumulated
experience of many to ills own day’s
work—a means for helping special
native ability to come into its own
more rapidly and surely and for en¬
abling all classes of ability to gain the
maximum of success to which they
are tntitled.
These facts are plainly recognized
t>y practical, work a-day business in
every line. Every progressive busi¬
ness organization in America is em¬
phasizing the importance of education
as never before. Education lias come
to be looked upon as the answer to
many of the problems within the or¬
ganization as wall as to problems af¬
fecting industry as a whole.
Business Organizing Institutes
Institutes for developing specifically
qualified workers are being operated
or organized In many fields of com¬
mercial and industrial activity. These
Institutes are trying various types of
educational work with a distinct trend
toward more and more emphasis upon
education for the rank and file of busi¬
ness employees of all grades.
We have been having business fail¬
ures in this country at the rate of
about 2.000 a month. This score speaks
for itself. It Is glaring evidence of in¬
competence on the part of thousands
of business men in handling the prob¬
lems Inherent in their fields of en¬
deavor. The detailed records show
that practically 75% of business fail¬
ure in this country is due to lack of
training and competence on the part
of those who failed. This is conclu¬
sive evidence that no one can afford
to undertake executive business re
Bponslbilitles without adequate educa¬
tion turn and ami training. naming. It is m for »«• that «•“»» reason .......
that every enlightened business organ
ixation is today insisting as never he
fore that its employees take advan¬
tage of some type of technical train¬
ing. and
AZUCiU-au American banking U»UIVIU6 is fortunate ----------
has just cause for pride In that it has
a record of twenty-elgbt years of defi
nitely organized educational activity
among its workers to its credit for de¬
veloping trained bankers. People in
banks in large numbers are taking
advantage of the educational opportu
nity given by the great non-commercial
college of the banking business, '.he
American Institute of Banking, i he:
see on every band evidences of the
value of the training it gives. Of the
10,000 graduates of this Institute. 70 y;
now occupy official positions in Amer¬
ican banks. The other 30% are still
too young to have attained such
heights. Here is an example and an
encouragement to the people of ah
lines of business.
The American Institute of Banking
has a membership of 04,320. Of these
38,851 are class enrolments, compris¬
ing younger bank people, both men
and women, who are learning the sci¬
entific technique of their chosen busi¬
ness at the same time they are en¬
gaged in the practical work of earning
their livings at it. The difference be¬
tween the 33.851 enrolled in classes
and the 64,320 total membership com¬
prises older bankers who have taken
the Institute courses in the past or
are at the present time sponsoring
some type of educational work in the
organization.
Banking Educates Its People
It has been estimated that there are
probably 375,000 bank officers and em¬
ployees In the United States at the
present time. These figures would
mean that about one banker in every
six is either enrolled in Institute
classes in banking or is actively sup
porting some educational function ot
ths organization. No statement could
possibly give more emphasis to the
importance placed on education by the
interests of America than
i.
erican Institute of Banking
have largely become technical
training laboratories in themselves And are
no longer run on the old-fashioned cut-and
try methods of former generations when Ex¬
perience was considered the only teacher.
It would be hard to find a working force in
any pre-eminently successful business or in¬
dustrial organization in the United States
today but what the dominating leadership
is schooled in the scientific principles of its
specific field, whether manufacturing, mer¬
chandising or finance. The rapidly advanc¬
ing standards of business in this country,
with their relentless demands for efficiency
as the only hope for survival in the competi¬
tive struggle for economic existence, has
sounded the death-knell for guesswork and
slipshod methods.
As a result, educational preparation in
the techniques of commerce, industry and
*----
is the educational section of the Amer¬
ican Bankers Association. It was
formed twenty-eight years ago by bank
employees and officers and lias been
carried on ever since as a voluntary
organization. Many students who have
graduated continue their membership
In order to give active support to some
type of educational work other than
the actual class program.
The greater part of the educational
work is carried on in 200 cities and
towns in the United States. Here the
local chapter of the American Insti¬
tute of Banking has its regularly or¬
ganized courses of study under super¬
vision of the national body with local
instructors and directors, to fulfil the
standard requirements regarding text
material, classwork and examinations.
Instructors are recruited from the
staffs of leading universities, from
members of the legal profession and
from among accountants and bank
m&n who have made a record in some
field of activity in banking that marks
them as experts. All instructors must
be approved by the national organiza¬
tion. They are compensated by the lo¬
cal units. The students pay tuition,
in which they are frequently aided by
their employing banks, anil this, to¬
gether with contributions made by the
banks for general classroom overhead,
finances the educational program.
Education a Pathway to Advancement
Leading banks in various parts of
the country are insisting that their
employees take work in the Insti¬
tute. Tliis Is frequently a part of
their contract of employment at the
time they enter the bank. It is also
now quite generally understood in the
field of American banking that study
in file American Institute of Bank¬
ing *•••» is ............ considered one of the basic
j factors in the promotion of the m
dividual to a place of importance in
a bank
The Standard Certificate of the
American Institute of Banking is an¬
nually gaining a greater D* — ....... and wider .....
recognition among practical bankers
throughout the United States. These
certificates are coming to have the
same importance in the banking world
that certificates of education have in
the field of the general professions.
This is a practical example and one
thoroughly well demonstrated by sea¬
soned experience of the new spirit of
American business.
ONE COW VS. ONE DOZEN
"Why milk twelve poor cows when
one good cow will do the work of the
twelve?" asks the bulletin of the
American Bankers Association Agri¬
cultural Commission. It declares that
analysis of more than 100,000 indi¬
vidual yearly' records from cows on
test in dairy herd improvement asso¬
ciations indicate that on the average:
Cows that produced 100 lbs. butterfat
a year returned $14 each over feed
cost;
Cows that produced 200 lbs. butterfat
a year returned $54 each over feed
cost;
Cows that produced 300 lbs: butterfat
a year returned $96 each over feed
cost;
Cows that produced 400 lbs. butterfat
a year returned $138 each over feed
cost;
Cows that produced 500 lbs. butterfat
a year returned $178 each over feed
cost;
In other words, one 500-pound pro¬
ducer will return $10 more over feed
cost than twelve 100 lb. producers.
This does not take into account,
either, the added labor of milking and
caring for the larger hard, or the
much greater expense of providing
stable room for a dozen instead of a s
single animal. The figures are based
on farm prices from all parts of the
country.
THE CLEVELAND COURIER. CLEVELAND. GEORGIA-
In-proved Uniform International
SundaySchool Lesson’
T
(By REV V B. Kl'l’ZWATER, D D.. Dean
Moody Bible J nst It u**» of Chicago. >
<Cc\ 1929, Western Newsuauei Union.)
Lesson for April 14
HEZEKIAH LEADS HIS PEOPLE
BACK TO GOD
LESSON TEXT—II Chronicles 30:1-
27
GOLDEN TEXT—The Lord your God
Is gracious ami merciful.
PillMAKY TOPIC—Helping Others lo
Know God.
JUNIOR TOPIC—Helping Others to
Know God.
INTERMEDIATE AND SENIOR TOP¬
IC — A Leader With a High Purpose.
YOU NO PEOPLE AND ADULT TOP¬
IC—The Influence of a Good Ruler.
1. Hezekiah Proclaims a Passover
(vv. 1 • 12).
The way for n sinning and divided
people to get back to God mid be
united is around the crucified Lin'd.
The Passover was a memorial of the
nation's deliverance through the shed¬
ding of tlie blood of the sacrificial
lamb.
1 The invitation wus representative
of the nation (v. 2). The king took
counsel with the princes and the
congregation to show that the procla¬
mation was tire expression of the na¬
tion’s desire.
2. The time wus unusual (vv. 2-4).
There was not sufficient time to sanc¬
tify ilu> people, nor to gather them
together at the regular time, so they
resolved instead of postponing it for
a year to hold it on the fourteenth
day of the second month. Tills liberty
had been granted before in an exigen¬
cy (Xiim. si:0-18).
3. The scope of the Invitation (vv
fill).
It included all of both nations who
would come to keep the Passover to
the i.oi'il God of Israel. “Israel" Is
now used to include both kingdoms.
’The effort was Intended to win back
the nation which hud seceded. The
messengers were authorized to sup¬
plement the proclamation with urgent
exhortation to restore a united na¬
tion. Tliis urgent Invitation was tact¬
fully put ns follows:
(1) 11 touched ancestral memories—
"Turn ngain unto tlie Lord God ot
Abrnlmm, Isaac and Israel” (v. C).
(2) Kecalled bitter experience—“Be
not like your fathers and brethren,
who trespassed against the Lord God,
ami were given up to desolation, ns
ye see” (v 7).
(3) Aroused yearning for captive
kinsfolk—"Your brethren and children
shall liad compassion before their cap
tors” (v 0).
(4) Stirred Instinct of self-preserva¬
tion—"So that they shall come again
unto this land” (v. 9).
(5) Pledged forgiveness (v. 0),
4. Israel’s reception of the invita¬
tion (vv. 10-12).
This Invitation In Israel met with a
mingled reception.
(I) Some mocked. The urgent and
sincere invltnt ion only excited opposi¬
tion and ridicule. (2) Some with
humble hearts came to Jerusalem.
In Judah. God gave them one heart
to accept the summons to unite in the
Lord around the great Passover.
II. The Passover Kept (vv. 13 27).
1. Alturs removed (vv. 13, 1-1).
fri Hie time of Alias (28:21) these
heathen altars were erected in Jeru¬
salem. Before there could he worship
of the true God all traces of Idolatry
must be removed. This voluntary act
of the people showed n right spirit.
2. The Passover killed (v. 15). The
zeal of Hie people was shown In theii
going forward with the service, though
the priests were not ready for their
task.
3. The priests and Levltes ashamed
(vv. 15-20).
The zeal of the people put lo slmmc
the priests and Levltes, stimulating
them to perform their duties accord¬
ing to the law as given by Moses. The
Levites then took charge of the kill¬
ing of (he Passover. Though many ot
the people were ceremonially unpre¬
pared to take part In the most sacred
service, they were accepted as wor¬
shipers through' the intercession o1
Hezekiah. God accepted the purpose
of heart rather than the letter of the
law.
4. The praise of glad hearts (vv.
21 , 22 ).
They continued seven days with
gladness: (1) The Levites and priests
sang God’s praise daily with loud in¬
struments (v. 21) ; (2) Hezekiah spoke
comforting words to the Levites (v.
22). He commended them and theii
teaching of the knowledge of God.
(3) They made confession of their
sins to Goo (v. 22).
5. The Passover prolonged seven
days (vv. 23-27).
The king’s object In prolonging the
feast was to make as lasting an im¬
pression as'possible, so as to result In
the thorough conversion of their souls
to God.
Keeping Eye* on God
So long as I can keep my eye on
God all is well, but if I lose sight of
Him I am troubled Indeed.—Margaret
Mary Hallahan.
Wi.e Work
Wise work is briefly work with God;
foolish work is work against God.—
Buskin.
Sucre**
Success Is doing your levei Lest;
God never did more.
Nature’s Medicine
One of flic worst features of the
winter season is the amount of illness
that is caused by the various forms
of influenza, grip and ordinary colds,
says the Gary Post-Tribune. Absences
from work on account of these mala¬
dies are a severe blow, to industry
and business. The delegates to the
National Safety congress were recent¬
ly informed that 20 per cent of all
claims on benefit associations made
for illness were made on account of
influenza or grip. If people could
only avoid getting these diseases they
would save themselves discomfort,
doctors’ bills, loss of wages and dan¬
ger of serious illness. The people who
get all the fresh atr they can, who
ventilate their homes thoroughly and
who are careful to take a good
amount of physical exerecise are the
ones who stand the best chance to es¬
cape such infections. Fresh air Is a
wonderful medicine.
There is no doubt that education of
the masses is the salvation of tlie
Russian people, for their ignorance is
what makes it possible for less Hum
one per cent of their population to
lord It over all the rest. But if re¬
course roust be had to soldiers as
teachers, men who have advanced lit¬
tle beyond the rudiments of reading
and writing, it seems that the day of
intellectual awakening in Russia Is
still some distance off. The Soviet is
proceeding along the right line, how¬
ever, iu liberalizing tlie schools and
making tlimn free. That is nn im¬
portant principle to establish. Event¬
ually, not in ten years perhaps, but
within two or tiiree decades the re¬
sults should begin to be noticeable In
Russian popular thought and action.
"The only satisfaction that a news¬
paper man can get out of life,” ac¬
cording to Emile Gauvreu, “is that In¬
can lie trusted to keep a secret.” Slim
satisfaction, tliar. As a matter of fact,
there is nothing so useless to a news
paper man as a secret. Having news
that lie Is not permitted to publish,
is like having an automobile that can¬
not run, or a bottle of wine that one
is pledged not to drink. Of course, no
respectable reporter will violate a con¬
fidence, but he would Just as soon
have a couple of wooden nickels.
Lumber, once a staple of the build¬
ing world. Is finding competition keen
from modern substitutes. The tele¬
graph companies, with an eye to the
future, are making trade alliances
with radio organizations. Artificial
leather has replaced leather to a large
extent for upholstery. The list might
be extended ' indefinitely. In these
days of scientific research and chem¬
ical activity, no Industry can look In¬
to the future, and say, "1 have con¬
trol. I am Indispensable. There Is
no such thing as competition In so far
as I am concerned.”
Railroad presidents may seem
hard boiled hut inwardly are In fact
-tender hearted. Davies Warfield, form¬
er president, of the Seaboard Airline,
by bis will, left practically his entire
estate of more limn 5,000,000 “to
found an Institution for the aged In
memory of his mother.” There is no
finer philanthropy and it is a warm¬
hearted man who Hi inks of providing
for the aged, says the Topeka Capital.
The bequest comes to public notice,
however, by way of a suit lo set aside
the will.
Referring to a statute for the pro- j
teetion of alligators. In force below -
tlie Rio Grande, Hie Boston Transcript
remarks; "In Mexico as in tlie
United States, wild life must be pro¬
tected by law If it is to be preserved,” j
which provokes the sad thought that
no amount of protection by taw seems
to be of any protective benefit to hu¬
man life In this country.
The world knows tlie effect of drip¬
ping water on stone, but It doesn’t
lake nearly so long for increased as¬
sessments, increased telephone rates,
“winter rate” gas hills and reduced 1
water - discounts to wear the house- !
holder’s bank bahmee down- to a thin -
dime.
A New York social worker lias Is¬
sued a warning to girls to stay away
from that city unless they have at
least $75 cash and plenty of good of¬
fice clothes. If they have those re¬
quisites, why go there at all?
A Japanese statesman says that Ja¬
pan’s policy is a help to China. A
surgeon says much' the same thing,
and leg '
after he lias cut oft an arm a
or two that the patient Thought he
still needed In his business.
Suicide, is against the law. Some of
the more reckless flyers should he re
quired to study law as well as avia
lion.
Years ago when a man was referred
to as a good provider, the neighbors
didn’t mean the size of his alimony
payment s.
A good many persons who object to
too much form in the church can’t
get enough of it on the stag*.
Safe burglar active—How can
burglar he safe?
■ Must a person lie crude, vulgar am]
rude iu order to be modern and up to
date?
The oflue cynic says he doesn’t be¬
lieve iu All-Americas, ghosts or sta¬
tistics.
Some of them may not learn much
at college, hut think what a rest their
parents get.
The office cynic lias just written
the radio commission asking that they
reallocate the sopranos.
Winter weather has its uses. It at
least clamps the lid down on reck¬
less transocean flyers.
Call it a "cold" or call it the "flu.”
it is nasty and disagreeable, and a
good thing to fight shy of.
"The luxuries of yesterday are the
necessities of today." Sometimes we
only think they are necessities.
A community never brags about its
pure Anglo-Saxon ancestry if it lias
anything more recent to brag about.
It’s a good thing the whale swal¬
lowed Jonah long ago. In these times
tie would have been filled with stowa¬
ways.
A movement has been started in
England to destroy all war relies.
But have they no value as horrible ex¬
amples?
There is a sporting event that never
gets into print—that of putting up
the stove pipe. Possibly because It
is unprintable.
Back home there was another fellow
who practically made a career of shut
fling a pack of cards in various spec¬
tacular ways.
j Speaking of myths, the oldest oys¬
j ter in tlie hotels of New York
opener
has been on the job .42 years and nev¬
er found a pearl.
The promoter of talk marathon Is
looking for a topic. We nominate the
traffic problem in this fair and per¬
plexed city of ours.
A medical journal says that a man
uses 44 muscles in speaking. And
sometimes that is about all of his
anatomy lie does exert.
“If it’s all tlie same,” remarked the
timid passenger to the steward on tlie
large ocon.ii liner, “I wish yofi’d make
up my lied in a lifeboat.”
You cau tell the normal American :
He has twice as many safety razors
of various kinds in the medicine cab
binet its he has! sharp blades.
By the unremitting exercise of will I
.power, a man who was a horse thief j
,30 years ago has reformed to tin.* ex •
stent that lie Is now roily a bandit.
- --------—- j
“Scientists differ as to the earth’s j
weiglit by 592 quintiltion tons.” Then j
there is nothing to do but take ii
down to Hie hay scales and-weigh it. i
A physician advises against ploying ;
cards with your friends when they
have colds. A reckless player might
bet Ids cold and lose it to somebody
else. |
■ -‘
It Is probably too late now for the !
news reel in the movies to take a film j
of a man holding a skein of yarn for i
n woman while she winds It up into a
ft ball.
Another blo\v has been struck at
the foundations of the. Republic. A <
restaurant in New York has jumped :
the price of hot .logs from five cents j
to six. i
_
A new variety of lemon, rivaling
the grapefruit in size and sweetness,
,is said to have been developed In
Porto Rico. Yes, yes, but does it
squirt?
_______
The philosopher who says that the ;
world is work-crazy doesn’t specify ;
whether ft is crazy to work, to get
away from work or just Decause ii ,
luis to work.
-:--- '
against In spite parents of what in this may he there charged are j ;
age,
still thousands and thousands of fn
tliers and mothers Who worry about
' the children.
Ameriean spectacular shows are
hailed with interest in London, where (
blackface comedy has always been re- •
■ ga'rded as representing the high his
trionic art ___I__!_ of the Western hemisphere.
Every time one looks through tlie
old family album, he gets the idea :
that the idea of retouching wus con
siderably subsequent to Hie discovery
of photography.
-- —■
Quebec province is levying a tax
of 5 per cent on alt meals costing
$1, the money going to charity. Here
we pay 10 tier cent and the money -
goes to Hie waiter.
Ti ' * ' 1
, Life still holds , many unique . ex- ,
periences, including that of tuning In
on the radio and getting a song or ;
musical selection that one has heard
cinlv 85 or 90 times.
■ - .
.
The little- king of Rumania goes to
school with ordinary boys to learn j
democracy, and the hero who caa spit
through his teeth can now make him
seif lolld for a future at court.
A SUCCESSFUL YEAR
The fiscal year at the State Tuber¬
culosis Sanatorium has just been
closed, and it has been the most suc¬
cessful year of its history—has cared
for more patients than ever before,
amt the results have been satisfactory.
There were treated in the Sanatorium
during the year 1928, 626 eases—the
average number of patients in the
Sanatorium daily was 175 —the average
stay of these patients in the Sanato
rilim' was 108.
Excavation has been completed for
the building ot the new Masonic Chil
iren’a Cottage, and it ts expected that
building operations will begin shortly.
In addition to die number of pa¬
tients treated in the Sanatorium; the
out patient department and county
clinics have examined and advised 653
patients, so that during the year a
total of 1,279 patients have been ex¬
amined and advised in regard to treat¬
ment when necessary. During the year
special effort has been made to have
children admitted to the Sanatorium,
even though we have no children’s
building and during the year 152 young
people below the age of 20 have been
treated in the Sanatorium, This year
S3 counties have been represented by
patients.
It is planned to immediately start
again on Hie county clinics for chil¬
dren. For the next three months, in
co-operation with the Child Welfare
Department of the State Board of
Health, it is planned to reach Whit¬
field and McDuffie counties.
How To Control Diphtheria
Splendid Results Obtained.
In 1926 the Health Department in
DeKalb County vaccinated over 90%
of all the young children In that coun¬
ty. The vaccination was not begun
until late In the fall when the diph¬
theria season was already well ad¬
vanced. There were 60 cases of diph¬
theria in the county in 1926. In 1927
there were 30 cases, a decrease of
50%. Not one of these 30 cases oc¬
curred in vaccinated children. In
1928 only 14 cases were reported, and
none of these had been vaccinated.
We understand that wonderful re¬
sults have also been obtained in Chat¬
ham. Ware and Bibb counties with
diphtheria vaccine, and that diphtheria
is a rare disease in these counties.
Diphtheria is one of the most dan¬
gerous diseases of childhood. Wonder¬
ful cures have been brought about
with antitoxin. Our State many years
ago set aside a special appropriation
so that no one, regardless of his fi¬
nancial circumstances, need suffer for
lack of antitoxin. Thousands of lives
have been saved as a result of this
wise provision. But antitoxin does not
prevent diphtheria. It is a curative
only. And so we still have almost as
many cases of this dread disease as
over before, though not so many
deaths.
But now that the preventive value
0 f diphtheria vaccine has been dem
0 nslrated so conclusively in our own
State, why riot provide the State
Board of Health with funds for free
distribution of diphtheria vaccine?
WATER
——
a. summary of activities of the Di
v -j s { 011 0 f Sanitary Engineering, State
Boar( j of Health for the year 1928.
Pu t>lic Water Supplies: 7,374 labora
t bacteriological examinations
made; 320 field inspections of plants;
11 engineering plans for water sup
^ approved; 18 major improve
tg t0 p i an ts; 224 supplies under
laboratory 8upe rvision.
prlyate Water Sup pi iea: 663 bacteri
^logical examinations made; 673 bul
letins furnished regarding improve¬
ment to private supplies.
Sewage Disposal: 62 field inspec¬
tions, conferences, etc.; 7 plfcns for
sewage disposal approved; studies
of stream pollution and industrial
waste; 2,223 bulletins distributed on
home sewage disposal and sanitary
toilets.
Malaria Control: 80 field tnspec
tions, conferences, etc.; 1,123 bulle
tins furnished on malaria cause and
prevention; supervision over Impound -
e d wa ter for hydro-electric purposes
py clearing vegetation and larvacide
application*,- drainage promotion as
well as other methods of control.
Swimming pools, rural school san
itttt | an> general sanitary surveys, etc.,
eoIn p r j8e other routine,
It is a serious matter when we know
that 6% of all deaths are due to ac
cldental causes. This wili increase
likely as the hazard of automobile
traffic becomes more congested and
ntghpowered engines multiply. Only
sober, reliable and responsible indi
viduals should be permitted to drive
( . ar[f an( j trucks over our highways,
There Is another matter that has re
cenUy been callet i to our attention by
our gtate Bo ard of Health that is re
grettable :aad that points to the scarcity
of uhysicians in our fetate as perhaps
oue ca ®^ e 3 we 3 ® 0 0
deaths reported to our Vital Statistics
Department as not attended by a phy
Mcian. This is a deplorable couqi
tion and to our way of seeing it, is a
large per cent who do not have
the care of a physician in their last
hours. -
----—L.f---------—