PASTURING GEESE
ON CLEAN RANGE
As General Rule Fowls Are
Given Freedom of Field.
Tim raisins of geese has not been
specialized like duel; raisins, for the
reason flint sreosm secure most of their
feed hv grazing. for this reason, geese
are raised on most farms in compara¬
tively small Hooks. Thpse facts are
the principal reasons why geese rais¬
ing offers an opportunity for most
farmers to add another source of in¬
come to their spring poultry raising.
Geese may tie pastured at the rate
of 00 head to an acre, but. as a gen¬
eral rule, they are given free range.
This Is satisfactory so long as they
are not numerous. However, if a large
flock of geese Is pastured on the reg¬
ular pasture tne live stock will not
relish the pasture on account of the
goose manure on the grass. Ordinar¬
ily, the number of geese raised on any
one farm are not numerous enough to
cause any trouble from this source.
Geese do not require a great deal of
attention. After the first two weeks
they are able to look after themselves
if given u good range. The principal
food of geese is grass, supplemented
by insects and other low forms of ani¬
mal life. If suitable range Is not acces¬
sible it Is not advisable to go into
geese raising.
Houses that will protect the geese
from rains in summer and from snow,
cold winds and dampness in winter are
the only essentials from the housing
standpoint. Low, open front sheds
are often used for this purpose. Care
should be taken to see that the in¬
terior of the house is dry at all times.
Geese like to swiin and they will exer¬
cise in the snow practically all day,
but they should have dry places to
roost or they will contract rheuma¬
tism. The floor of such houses should
be of enrlh. This should be covered
with straw and renewed oflen enough
so that it will he dry. A thin coating
of sand often proves helpful in keep¬
ing the house dry.
Geese mate more successfully after
they me two years of age than when
mated earlier. This is more true of
the females than of the males. Occa¬
sionally yenrllng geese will produce
fertile eggs, but they cannot be de¬
pended upon. Small, undersized geese
should not he used for breeding pur¬
poses. On the other hand, extra large,
coarse geese are not as satisfactory
as those of full development, but not
so coarse. With most breeds the gan¬
der will mate with from three to four
geese. ****..
Ohio Station Advocates
f&f All-Mash Chick Ration
The rearing of chicks to maturity
on an all-mash ration ts a rather new
venture tn poultry keeping, and we
shall have to take the word of those
who have tried it us to its value. This
system has been developed and advo¬
cated by the Ohio agricultural experi¬
ment station, at Wooster, and is fully
•described in n bulletin issued by this
station. They state that they have
found the method successful on their
experimental farm and equally so in
tiie hands of other poultry-men of the
state. Some other stations, where It
has been tried, discount these claims
somewhat. There is no question as
to the attractiveness of the plan and
the results at the Ohio station should
be sufficient to give warrant for trying
Is out.
Those who have followed the teach¬
ing of poultry experts over a consid¬
erable period of years have learned
that there is little that can be consid¬
ered as absolutely fixed, even in the
seemingly fundamental principles of
feeding and care. Revolutionary find¬
ings are apt at any time to upset long
accepted practices. The all-mash ra¬
tion should not have scratch grains
added to it, since it combines in Itself
both the scratch and the mash and
the addition of more scratch grain
would unbalance it. That is. it would
change the proportion of protein foods
to the other ingredients and presum¬
ably lessen its value. An all-mash
should be more coarsely ground than
other maslies, to make it more palat¬
able.
Raising Turkeys
Turkeys can he raised by artificial
methods with less toss and more profit
than by the hen-hatched and . hen
brooded method. Each year the mat¬
ter of growing more than 20 or 30 per
cent of the poults has become more
difficult. That the association of tur¬
keys and chickens is one of the lead¬
ing causes for the heavy losses in baby
poults and that turkeys can be raised
lu brooders and hatched in incubators
are comparatively new developments
In the turkey situation.
In Case of Roup
Should any of your Hock begin to
show symptoms of roup, no time
should he lost in starting measures
to prevent further spread. All houses,
pens, coops and runs should he thor¬
oughly cleaned and sprayed with a
strong solution of a good coal tar dip
and disinfectant. Droppings, litter and
trash of every description should be
removed and burned. All unnecessary
equipment of every kind should he re¬
moved from houses and yards and
stored -elsewhere.
*
I | Penknife Operation *
Saves Friend’s Life *
j % Budapest.—-Prof. Ernst Pol- %
lacsek, noted pbaryngologist, *
t suved the life of his friend, *
^ Prof. Rudolf Ballnt, at the
* Ballnt home recently by using *
$ j his penknife for a hurried op- £
eratlon. Ballnt suddenly faint- *
* ed and was suffocating when *
* I’otlacsek palled out his knife *
* and slit his friend’s throat, sav- *
* Ing him from strangulation. *
* jj:
-****************#********■*
HE SELLS JAIL TO
FELLOW PRISONER
Salesman Closes Deal, but
Sheriff Balks.
Grand Island, Neb.—Once upon a
time the Brooklyn bridge was fre¬
quently sold to yokels, but the busi¬
ness acumen of a prisoner In the coun¬
ty jail here, who sold the jail Itself
to a fellow prisoner, overshadows the
feats of the smooth-talking gentlemen
of the past.
The salesman In this case was
Charles W. (Tubby) McMillan, who
became a county guest by calling a
bootlegger from the local Y. M. C. A.
The “purchaser” was Elroy Guy, a
young farmer, who was charged with
writing checks without funds.
When Guy arrived at the Jail Mc¬
Millan casually told him that the jail
was leased from the county by Jailer
King. The jailer, McMillan said, had
to furnish equipment, such as bed¬
ding and tableware; hut that the
county paid him so much per prisoner
—enough to make a nice profit.
Furthermore, said McMillan, Jailer
King was anxious to go to California
and wanted to sell the business cheap.
Guy was deeply interested. With
McMillan guiding him, he spent two
days Inspecting the equipment and i
checking over the figures. I
“It’s a good buy.” he announced fin¬ j
ally. “It heats farming."
Guy told McMillan that he had |
$3,000 loaned on a second mortgage
am) that he could get some of the i
money to make a down payment. Mc¬
Millan said the jailer would lake $250
down and $1,000 more In monthly in¬ i
stalments. Gtiy said he could get the
$250, ami would meet the monthly in¬ i
stalments out of hi* profits.
McMillan assured Guy that the pa¬
pers would be ready for his signa¬
ture In a few days. Jailer King and
Sheriff Palmer learned of the deal
while it was In progress, but decided
not to spoil the plot. Now they are
wondering how to break the sad news !
to the prospective jail magnate.
Boys’ Prank Almost
Costs Lives of Three
Bdrryviile, Va.—A trick which two 1
young mountain boys near here
thought to play on a third who had
gone “a-courtin’ ” for his first time
nearly cost the lives of three Alex¬
andria men who were driving trout
their home to Winchester.
Willie Oorder, twelve years old, and
Andrew Jackson Elsea, thirteen, are
said to have made a dummy in the
form of a person and placed it in the
middle of the road the other night at
the top of the Blue Ridge in Clarke
county.
As Thomas McWhorter, Melvin
Rambo and W. It. Wilson, all of Alex- j
andria, rounded a curve they took the
dummy to be a child avoid and striking the driver It. j
swerved the car to
The car went over an embankment j
and turned over. The three men were
Injured, Wilson seriously.
Suits were filed by the Alexandria
trio against the parents of Corder and
Elsea. Owing to a lack of informa
lion, Magistrate G. H. Levi, of Berry
ville, continued the cases for two
weeks recently. H. Noel Garner, of
Alexandria, represents the plaintiffs.
Inch-Long Gun Wounds
Youth, Jails Brother
New York. — A miniature pistol
about an Inch long that ordinarily
serves as a watch charm and which
discharged a bullet about the size of
a pin point In a friendly tussle be¬
tween two brother? recently landed
Carl Malmberg in court on a charge
of carrying concealed weapons.
Carl’s brother, Lloyd, seventeen,
made the complaint on which the
youth was arrested.
Lloyd, his shoulder wrapped in ban¬
dages. appeared In the police station
and deposed that his brother's pygmy
weapon discharged accidentally as
I they were scuffling and lodged its di
! mlnutive shell in his shoulder. He
: thought nothing of it until the wound
. became Infected.
Detective Barrellman asked Lloyd
' if he wanted to make a formal eom
| plaint of said assault didn't, against but his the brother. detec¬
! The boy he
tive went around to the Malmberg
! home and took Carl in custody.
Nebraska Thieves Make
Way With 29,520 Eggs
Falls City, Neb.—Lee Peterson.
| deputy sheriff of Nemaha county, is
I I looking for 23.520 eggs, and not one
of them hard boiled According to
1 the deputy, the Auburn Fruit and
Produce company loaded a car with
| eggs for shipment East. Some time
i during the night before the car was
j to start thieves entered the car while
it was in the railroad yards and made
I j away with the eggs. The theft
amounted to S2 cases.
CLEVELAND COURIER
Stoppage of Spiritual and Intellectual Growth
Tragedy of Many Marriages
By RABBI A. H. SILVER, Cleveland.
CA JWAERIAGE which is built upon joj'ous love will withstand every
|n\y/|| H II assault of misfortune,' poverty, trials, tragic mistakes, One of severe the
ya problems of adjustment and the ravages of time.
great tragedies of married life is that so many men and women
stop growing after marriage and frequently one drags the other down
spiritually and intellectually.
Great love is never without compensation. But compensation i« not
the motive of great love. Those who love greatly will simply not know
what you are talking about when you speak to them of rewards. They
love because for them it is the most necessary, the most spontaneous and
altogether the most desirable thing to do. Compensations follow.
The first compensation is joy. True love is triumphantly joyous. This
is true even after making full allowance for the inescapable sorrows which
come into the lives of all lovers. In fact it is the enslaving destiny of men
with its full quota of pain and frustration and tragedy which lends the
edge to their precious loves and to their holy hours of happiness. The
love of a friend, the love of knowledge, the love of beauty, or the love of
God is an inexhaustible source of joy.
Joy is one of the two real tests of love. Do you find joy in the per¬
son or thing or cause which you think you love? If the element of joy is
not there, it is not love. It may be respect or admiration or toleration.
It is not love.
If the love of young people, or married people, or of friends, does
not develop them, does net evoke the best and noblest in them, it is not
love. Iron sharpeneth iron, so a man his friend. The man who would make
his friend a reflex of himself is no friend. The husband who would make
of his wife an annex of himself, a convenient foil for his personality, is
no lover. He is just a husband.
Herding of Erring Youths With Adult Criminals
Grave Menace to Society
By W. BRUCE COBB, Brooklyn Charity Bureau.
A youth can be turned into a criminal with but 48 hours of as¬
sociation in a jail with adults hardened in crime. We haven’t fully
realized the shocking proportion of young criminals. I do not believe
that the moral forces of the community are sufficiently potent to cope
with the situation. Proper segregation of youthful miscreants is the
solution. This will involve the establishment of a corps of intelligent,
sympathetic probation officers who can advise or admonish y wayward
children.
Separate places of detention should be provided, so that adolescents
will be kept from unwholesome criminal contacts. The children’s courts
should be so reorganized that the entire staff will be able to study and
treat each case intelligently.
Boys can to a great extent supply the deficiency where the church,
home and school are lacking. To be effective they must create a constant
interest for the youth.
American children horn of alien parents often learn the language
and customs of this country more quickly than their fathers and moth¬
ers, and thus gain a bold over them—a liberty which is sometimes abused.
Controlled Experimentation Great Need in Move
for Better Teaching Methods
By FLOYD W. REEVES, University of Kentucky.
Greater use of controlled experimentation has been made by colleges
of education in universities than by any other type of institution. It is
surprising that teachers, colleges and normal schools, institutions having
as their major function the improvement of teaching in elementary and
high schools, should have done so little in the way of discovering methods
whereby the instruction of their own students might be improved.
The limited extent to which controlled experimentation has been
carried on leads to the suggestion that investigation of this type needs to
be encouraged. Colleges, universities and teacher-training institutions
would do well to test out in an objective manner the results obtained from
the use of different teaching methods in order that the better methods
may be discovered and utilized.
Christian college at Columbia, Mo., may be mentioned as one of the
junior colleges which have developed an elaborate program for the im¬
provement of instruction. This includes the supervision of classroom
teaching forums for the discussion of instructional problems and con¬
trolled experimentation in the field of teaching method.
Wrong Use Made of Time of Leisure Constitutes
Menace to America
By EUGENE T. LIES. Play and Recreation Expert.
Leisure, and not the “modern pace,” is America’s greatest menace.
No generation has had more leisure than the present, but this leisure may¬
be a boomerang which will strike at the heart of civilization, unless it
is properly guided and directed.
For generations the masses have struggled for more leisure. Now not
the few but the many have it. Parents, educators, religious and civic
leaders and sociologists fortunately are showing concern and are pointing
out that what we have before us is a problem of right and wrong use
of hours, days and weeks of marginal time during which people either
can degrade and destroy themselves, or can elevate themselves, add to
their worth and stature and at the same time give of themselves in ser¬
vice to their fellow man.
Worker Must Link Self With Dreamer for Prog¬
ress of Permanent Value
By REV. DR. RANDOLPH RAY, New York.
The dreamer of dreams and the worker with his hands are in
separably joined together in the pattern of our lives. The world can make
no progress without visions and ideals, but we cannot ignore the hands
' of man beneath the wings. In every art, all the professions and in busi¬
ness visions are useless if we cannot translate, materialize and utilize
j them.
But be reminded that your vision must come first. The dreamer leads
- and the worker follows. Faith and work necessarily go together whether
j in religion or in practical life. If you do not find the “hand underneath
the wings,” then you have failed and will not succeed, whatever your
| capacity for vision.
SAW HIM TOO OFTEN
“My husband’s home too much."
“I thought he was a trav’lin’ sales¬
man."
“He Is—but be comes home once
a week.”
PAINFUL CAKE EATER
She—What's the matter. Jack? Did
that cake I gave you give you a paia
in the stomach?
He—No. That cake-eater who Just
left gives me a pain in the neck.
GOOD STICKER
She—And will you love me when
I’m old and gray?
He—Good gosh, dearie! Are yon
going to stick to me that long?
WHEN SHE WAS SAD
He—Does the moon ever make you
feel sad?
She—Only when Pm out with a
dead one.
OF COURSE HE HADN’T
“I’ve no use for gold-diggers."
“You haven't a girl friend in that
ease?”
EASY BERTH
“They say ties fallen into an easy
berth.”
“Yes; married the rich puilman
conductor's daughter.”
DAIRY FACTS
PASTURES NEEDED
FOR DAIRY FARMS
Waste Seed and Labor When
Planting on Poor Land.
The one big drawback to dairy farm¬
ing is a scarcity of good pastures.
“A good pasture is one that fur
alshes a» abundance of nutritious graz
ing,” says John A. Are.v, dairy exten¬
sion specialist at the North Carolina,
State college. “On such a pasture a
cow may get enough to eat without
having to wander over a large area
for it. Too many of our so-called pas
tures contain large amounts of woods
and waste lands and are not mugh
more than exercising grounds for our
cows. Nearly ail the food a cow gets
from such pasture is used up In ”
a
producing the energy to get it” . ,
In Mr. Arey’s opinion, a pasture
should be regarded as a crop and so r
'ared for. Grass seed ought to be '
planted on good land—land sufficiently
fertile to grow good crops and then
the weeds and brush kept down. If
the sod is given an occasional top
dressing of manure or commercial fer¬
tilizer, especially phosphates and nitro¬
gen. better results will be secured.
“About all the attention most of our
pastures receive is a little time spent
in tightening the barbed wires on a
wet day,” says Mr. Arey.
Seed and labor are both lost when
“
planting is made ou poor land. Sixty
per cent of the average North Caro¬
lina farm land is listed in the census
vs unimproved but much of this land
is fertile. However, it is now cov¬
ered with underbrush and returns no
income. Then, too, there is much roll¬
ing land In the Piedmont section that %
washes easily when cultivated. In
other sections there are good bottoms -
which overflow too frequently to be
safe for crops. All of these areas can
be made into good pasture. Mr. Arey ,
says that records from the local herd
improvement association show that
pasture has a value of from $8 to $10
I per acre when cream from the cows so •
grazed is sold for butter making. The
value is greater where milk is rfe
: tailed. |j
Cow-Testing Increases
and Dairy Profits Grow
Cow-testing association work In ■*
Pennsylvania has expanded 250 per
j | cent the Pennsylvania since 1924, I. State O. Sidelmann college dairy of
i extension service, said recently. In
; that year there were 8,224 cows
i tested while last year the number was
! 20 . 212 .
, During the past five years the aver
I age milk production per cow in the
| associations has increased from 7,309
pounds in 1924 tb 7.770 pounds last
! year. Twenty-five associations aver¬
aged more than 8.000 pounds last year,
six over 9,000, and three more than
10,000 pounds in 1928.
Butterfat production per cow also
has experienced a steady increase
under improved management and bet¬
ter breeding and feeding. Five years
ago the mark was 286.9 pounds per
cow. Last year the figure was 303.7
pounds. This was the second year in
the history of Pennsylvania cow-test-.
! ing work that butterfat production ex
| ported. ceeded the 300 mark, Sidelmann re
j
Tlie 1924 figure for value of product
was $217.59 per cow while last year
; It was $246.87. Feed costs have
| I fluctuated $100 slightly for above five-year or below
per cow the period.
! For each dollar expended for feed in
1924, dairymen in association work
| received $2.20. Last year the re
: turns amounted to $2.41.
Mineral Mixtures Very
Important for Cattle
The feeding of mineral mixtures to
dairy cattle is very Important, for
dairy cows lose a large amount of
mineral matter during the lactation
period and do not store minerals at
that time.
This is the statement contained in a
report of the Colorado Dairy Herd
Improvement association, by State
Dairy Commissioner George E. Mor¬
ton and C. A. Smith, fieldman, which
has been issued by the Colorado
_
Agricultural college.
Even when cows are on rations
containing large amounts of minerals,
it has been found that the addition
of a mineral mixture helps prolong
production a number of years, and In¬
sures a large and more rugged calf
crop, the report states.
A little steamed bone meal or a mix¬
ture of equal parts of crushed lime¬
stone, steamed bone meal and salt
added to the ration will Insure a long¬
er period of production, healthier
cows and decrease breeding troubles.
Breeding Bull Value
It is a well-known fact that the
breeding value of a bull cannot be de¬
termined until his daughters come
into milk. A bull may be well bred
.
and still not able to transmit high
j producing ability to his offspring. Yet
it is the rule on the average dairy
farm to sell a bull when his daughters
are ready to show what they can do
at the pail. Bulls are usually sold
before their daughters are ready to
breed. Farmers should exchange
sires with pach other.
