DAIRY
DAIRY COWS NEED
SUCCULENT FEED
Silo Is Best Supplement for
Dried-Up Pastures.
ffiepatiMl by the United States Department
of Agriculture.)
During the late summer pastures In
jfto.sf. sections are short because of dry
weather and because they are grazed
loo closely. If there is any grass* it
Is not succulent and is unpalatable.
Consequently, cows will not consume
■enough for high milk production.
Experienced dairymen know that if
the production of their cows has de¬
creased during tlie hot, dry weather
because of Insufficient feed, it is dif¬
ficult and practically impossible to
bring the production hack to normal
during that milking period.
The summer silo, according to the
Dialed States Department of Agricul¬
ture, Is probably the best means of
supplementing short, dried-up pas¬
tures. For a herd of 12 to 20 cows, a
site from 10 to 12 feet in diameter is
best suited for this purpose because
the silage can then Ire fed out fast
enough to prevent spoiling. If, how
at! the silage Is not fed during
the summer it can be fed tire follow¬
ing winter or the next summer. Si¬
lage will keep for several years.
'Dairymen frequently fill two silos, one
for winter feeding and one for sum
aner use.
Where it is not feasible to erect a
•site for summer feed the short pasture
snay be supplemented by certain pas¬
ture crops instead of summer silage.
In many sections sweet clover has
proved very satisfactory for this pur¬
pose. It does well at this season and
has the advantage of being a legume
rrnd consequently contains a large
.amount of protein. Alfalfa can also
be pastured at this time and will as¬
sist materially in preventing the mid¬
summer drop in milk flow.
Many combinations of legumes, such
as peas, vetches, and soy beans, with
-grains, such as corn, wheat, oats, bar¬
ley and rye, can be grown and fed
green. Successive planting of these
crops will often provide succulent
feeds over an extended period. Sudan
grass is also well suited for grazing
purposes throughout the Central West.
In addition to good pasture high pro¬
ducing cows need to be fed grain to
•supply the required nutrients. Cows
producing more, than 20 pounds of
milk daily should be given one pound
of grain to each four to six pounds
.of uuflk produced. The grain feed
may be a mixture of corn, oats, wheat
bran, or barley, and should always be
ground. For cows producing more
ifhan 35 pounds of milk daily the grain
mixture should contain one hlgh-pro
.reln concentrate, sueli as the oil meals.
Keep Cream Cool During
Hot Months of Summer
To receive the highest price for
cream during the hot months, dairy¬
men must exercise extra precautions.
The following facts are worthy of con¬
sideration :
AVate.r cools 20 times more quickly
. than air.
A simple cooling system may lie
made by piping water from the wind¬
mill into a hardwood barrel and from
there to the stock tank. The cream
<ai» is placed in the barrel through
which the fresh, cool water flon®.
(.Cream cooled to the* proper tem¬
perature keeps sweet the longest pos¬
sible time.
Never mix warm cream with cool
•cream.
Cream should be stirred frequent¬
ly.
Cleanliness, cooling, stirring and
frequent deliveries of cream are im¬
portant.
Distasteful Flavors in
Cream Caused by Weeds
Off rtuvors in cream may be caused
by feeds and weeds, such as wild on¬
ion, garlic, leek and ragweed. Flavors
may he absorbed from the surround¬
ings. For example, oil, gasoline, and
vegetable flavors may cause
Another class of flavors resulting from
bacterial contamination are called
stale, cheesy, yeasty, bitter, or acid,
\U of these off flavors result In poor
•quality of cream and cause a financial
loss to the dairy farmer. They may
be eliminated by keeping cows out of
pastures which contain undesirable,
weeds, handling and storing cream in
sanitary surroundings, and by careful
methods in production and handling,
Cooling of cream io 5b degrees Fah
renheit immediately after separation
cind frequent deliveries will help win
the battle against poor cream.
Save Soil Fertility
One of fire most difficult problems
confronting our farmers who grow
cash crops is the conservation of the
soil's fertility. There is some differ¬
ence of opinion as to the best method
of accomplishing this, but judging the
future by the past, we can safely say
that there is no way more certain of
results than the keeping of livestock.
The farmer who keeps cows, being a
consumer richer titan a seller of
feeds, will constantly increase the fer¬
tility of bis soil.
CLEVELAND COURIER
MENACE OF ORGANIZED CRIME
By JUDGE CLARENCE R. MARTIN, Indiana Supreme Court.
LAWYER who accepts employment to defend a man for a
crime which he proposes to commit in the future is unworthy
of membership at the bar, for by his contract he conspires
with the client to commit a violation of the law, and he
is equally guilty with him. The Lawyer who accepts a retaining fee
irorn a gang of racketeers should not only he immediately disbarred as a
iawymr, but as a criminal most'dangerous to the welfare of the state. Ha
should, if sufficient evidence is available, be prosecuted for conspiracy to
commit a felony, or for the commission of a felony.
The orgy of organized crime is the most serious menace ronfrontfng
the nation. Ufhe crime wave has for the last ten years been rising and
sweeping over city .and country alike. Communities have been aroused
by the menace to life and property that has .outstripped all previous expe¬
rience. Murder has grown common.
We cannot reasonably expect immunity from this modern curse.
Conditions in many of our cities tend to create it, and we are in the back¬
wash of Chicago, that magnificent city at whose vitals are gnawing
the demons of violence, corruption, murder, crime and terror.
With the passing of the saloon, of segregated vice and public gam¬
bling houses, the good citizen relaxed his vigilance, and he is now waking
up to find a whirlwind in place of a wind and a tidal wave in place of
a breaker.'
If organized crime continues to thrive unchecked it will eventually
snuff out the flame which has been burning upon the altar of freedom
in this Republic for 150 years* Unless stopped, martial law may have to
bo used.
DEFECT IN COLLEGE TRAINING
By REV. DANIEL A. LORD (S. J.), St. Louis.
The sweet girl graduate, model 1929, is encountering- grave diffi
.
culties finding an interesting husband. The bachelor girl with her bache¬
lor’s degree is becoming too erudite for tin* college boy with his A. B.
Not that girls go to school any longer than their boy chums, but becausc
cultural subjects are slighted in favor of commercial and professional
studies in college courses for men.
College women aren’t marrying as much as they used to, partly
because some of them want careers. But one of the fundamental rea¬
sons is the difficul+y lots of them run against in finding college men whose
conversation and companionship interest them.
Not a few who do marry young gentlemen with diplomas find their
husbands have little care for any mental exercise that is not linked up
with a business or a profession.
There are two methods forpveeitfng out of the race the husband who
can’t appreciate poetry, sit through grand opera or comprehend art. I
would not retreat to the Dark ages and cease to educate the ladies above
the approved modes of making pie-erust. Instead I would polish off the
lads with a thorough application of the humanities and concentrate their
education in fewer years. Grammar school time could be cut down to
afford the boys sufficient time for a liberal cultural college education
before their professional or business course begins.
The educated women of America are the liberally educated class of
the country these days. Tt is they who take pleasure in literature, art. the
drama and philosophy when school days are past. The “educated” men
as a class have fallen behind—they haven’t the ground work for it.
And while the college boys proceed to their technical training, th»
girls proceed to their educations. It’s a situation which doesn't help mar¬
riage at all.
UNEMPLOYMENT FEAR BASELESS
By RUSSELL G. CREVtSTON. Chicago Manufacturer.
Any great wave of unemployment, such ns we hear about occasion¬
ally, is impossible because the modern era has created commensurate
employment iii the luxury group of industries. The automobile business
alone has absorbed 150,000 workmen from the basic industries in a period
of five
The number of school teachers have increased 50 per cent; the num¬
ber of college students lias doubted, and the age at which a man goes to
work now is one and a half to two years later than it was n few years
ago. He is busy acquiring a better education during that period.
The beauty parlor and the barber shop are doing unprecedented
business these days. There is another example of more employment in
the luxury classification.
Instead of a wave of unemployment, men are rapidly being absorbed
in newly created industries and in the extension of the older ones. There
will be no loss of earning phwer—in fact, it will be increased as this
maligned age progresses.
ENGINEERING AND ATHEISM
By C. J. ULLRICH, Ex-President American Engineers’ Association.
The statement that engineers aflb atheistic and unappreciative of the
religious instinct is not true.
There is no reason why the ..engineer should be less religious than
other educated and cultured people. On the other hand, engineers, by the
very s reason of their training and experience should and do have a pro¬
found regard for religion in its broader philosophic aspects. Being of an
open mind, trained in the sciences, schooled in the laws of nature and
taught to think along straight lines, the engineer reasons it out for him¬
self. Ilis study of the sciences and his experience with the laws of nature
show hint that unbroken order reigns in Che universe.
The fact that the engineer fails to attend church regularly, refuses
to subscribe to an orthodox creed or fails to take an active part in social
reform should not brand him as being irreligious. He may, ajiter all,
be far more devout in his religious make-up than many of those wjio
show their religion more ostensibly. - - . -
Women Do Heavy Work in Cyprus.
(Prepared by the National Geographic
Society, Washington. D. C.)
/—^ YI’KUS, lying almost at the
I northeast corner of the Medi
V J terranean soi, once famed for
the copper which hears its
name, Mas an island stepping-stone
and exchange center for ancient civ¬
ilizations.
The traveler, if he takes the bar,
ren ride from the port of Larnaka to
the capital, Nicosia, through a chalky
wilderness, is likely to jump to the
conclusion that Cyprus is drab and
wholly uninteresting But half-ori¬
ental Cyprus veils her charms, mod¬
estly masking tier beauty in remote
mountain valleys and along the
northern shore, where no steamer
stops except for carob beans, destined
as provender for Spanish cavalry
horses.
The best way to reach Cyprus Is
to steam from Beirut into the sun¬
set glow, and dock at dawn in Fama¬
gusta harbor, beside Othello’s Tower,
where the dark-skinned Moor, in¬
flamed by lago, smothered his Des
demona.
Once Famagusta, rich and wicked,
had a church or chapel for every day
in the year. It Is a graveyard of old
churches now—some sunk in ruin,
one or two still used to house the
glittering panoply of worship, one
changed into a mosque, starkly sim¬
ple as a prison cell hut with a Mecca
ward mihrab pointing the soul to
paradise.
The walls of Famagusta are mas¬
sive and high, with moats cut from
the native rock on which the bas¬
tions rise; and with gun platforms, or
cavaliers, overlooking them from
within. At thp Land Gate ’.here was
an almost unique ravelin, or out¬
works, which was useless, and at
another corner the masterly Martin
engo bastion, which was merely fu¬
tile.
Looking northward one sees the
site of Salamis, six miles away. When
Paul and Barnabas landed in Cyprus,
Salamis was a Itoman capital. Little
by little Us various forums and mar¬
ket place are being rescued from the
drifting sands and viper-infested
brush. Salamis enthusiasts would
gladly use its Byzantine name, Con¬
stantin, for it is disconcerting, while
trying to hang a splendid past onto
a lot of sadly fallen columns to have
visitors exclaim that they have al¬
ways wanted to see the site of the
battle of Stdamis, which occurred GOO
miles away!
Great Treeless Plain.
From Salamis westward to the
American copper-ore docks at Kara
vostasi there stretches the great
“treeless plain” of the Mesaoda, with,
however, a miniature forest at Syn
crasi and orchards surrounding many
of the villages.
At places, as around Lefkoniko,
this plain is rich with waving grain
or dotted with golden threshing
floors, where' the driver sits in an
easy chair atop the ox-drawn thresh¬
ing sledge. Elsewhere rock strata,
tiptiited toward the sky, discourage
agriculture,) but rare is the view in
which some leaden-footed animal is
not dragging a plow,
i Along the north tun the Kvrenia
mountains, which one labels mere
hills until he has climbed to Buffa
vento castle or to St- Ililnrion and
looked down with awe on plain and
! sea. Strung out in a well-defined and
craggy ridge, they guard tlie pleas¬
ant northern slope from the central
plain. Strong sea winds, sweeping
: south, blow the trees lopsided toward
t\ie hills.
South of the Mesaoria are massed
■ the mountains that culminate in
Troodos, tire Cypriote Olympus. Cnt
: ting the northern face of that mass
are neighborly valleys traversed by
j shrunken streams—the island. most charni
! ing bits of the whole
North of Salamis one of ilie promi¬
nent perches is occupied by Kantara
| castle—the Hundred Chambers.
The men of Cyprus have a dis
i tinctive costume—a straw hat with
a mushroom brim, a plain shirt some¬
times with a jacket, voluminous Tur¬
kish trousers whose seats are tucked
Into their belts for cross-country walk
! ing, and heavy leather boots with
their tops turned down and tied
above the calf.
The women do little to keep alive
the Aphrodite tradition. One of their
sex says of them: “They are rarely
pretty or even good-looking, being
heavy of feature and clumsy of form,
and their voices are harsh and shrill.
But how could any woman be beau¬
tiful who works from sunrise till
dark for a few piasters a day?”
Kyrenia a Resort Place.
In spring the prize resort of Cyprus
is Kyrenia. Almost overhanging the
town, St. ililnrion, castle of Eros,
clings to a crude crag.
Beyond the horseshoe harbor, min¬
iature of Corsican Bastia’s, there is
the golden mass of Kyrenia castle,
dwarfing the white and opal town,
set on a green slope between gray
mountains and blue sea. Across the
waters to the north the snowy
heights of the Cillciun Taurus hang
like clouds.
People come to Kyrenia to see the
castles, the monastery, and the
pleasant slopes .planted with grain
and dotted with olive and carol)
trees. They remain until the castles
are old stories, the Phoenician rock
cuttings have lost their first myste¬
rious challenge, and the harbor has
become a mere incident.
Tlie climb to St. ililnrion begins
through green grain fields, passes
under dusty olive and shiny, heaven¬
sent, carob trees, whose sweetish,
dark brown pods the prodigal son
would fain have eaten, zigzags toward
a rusty cliff, tops the pass behind,
and comes to the plain from which
rises tlie rock pedestal for this ro¬
mantic ruin.
But when one lias scrambled among
’tlie evergreens whose roots are split¬
ting medieval battlements apart, the
romantic castle, high and inaccessi¬
ble, has disappeared, and there are
only some decrepit walls, forgotten
by the Titans who tossed them there.
Bella Paise Abbey, a mere picnic
jaunt from Kytenia, is the finest ruin
in Cyprus. The cloisters, from
whose graceful archways vandals
have torn away stone traceries, are
still beautiful. The refectory, with
its swallow-nest wall-pulpit, from
which lectors once droned to eating
monks, is almost intact. The abbey
stands in a pleasant hillside town,
bowered in fruit trees.
Lovely Views From Bella Paise.
The best view is from a bill to the
northwest. To the left there is the
gently sloping plain, verdant with
crops, and dotted with trees, with a
jade strip of sea making lace on
brown rocks, undecided as to whether
to ally itself to the deep blue of thr
sea or to the varied greens of the
countryside. Where tlie slope be¬
comes steeper, there is an idyllic vil¬
lage, with milk-white minarets spear¬
ing up through the dark foliage.
To the right the gray mountain
overhangs steep slopes up which the
village has pushed its lemon and or¬
ange trees, its mulberries and gar¬
dens. Tlie lower bulwark of the town,
impressive in its way as the moun¬
tain itself, is this massive gold-brown
ruin, whose retaining wall rises like
n precipice of handworked stone
above the fertile fields.
America owes its incomparable col¬
lections of Cypriote .art t<* Cesnola.
who lived at a time when an Ameri¬
can consul could defy the Turks and
boast of outwitting them. His book
makes spicy reading in these days.
In tile widespread site of Lambousa,
to the west of Kyrenia, another fa¬
mous treasure was found, smuggled
out of the island and sold by an
Armenian to the tnte J. Pierpont
, Morgan for a sum that still makes
Cypriote months water. For treas¬
ures found, one-third of the intrinsic
value goes to the finder, one-third to
the owner of the tend, and a third to
the government.
Amid tlie debris of Lambousa rises
a monolithic chapel of obscure origin.
Said by natives to he a Venus tem¬
ple, a hole in the floor is explained
as the "tomb of a priest of Aphrodite.
A stone's throw away is the Akbiro
pietos monastery, “made without
hands.” “dropped full* grown from
heaven.”
Tiptiited Lapithos owes its green
freshness to a perennial stream"which
emerges from a barred cavern in tlie
mountain side. In Lapithos the cur¬
rent price of huge, juicy lemons is
450 for a shilling. The juice is ex¬
pressed, bottled without' sugar, and
kept for a year or two without fer¬
menting. it makes a most refresh¬
ing drink, but, at IS for a cent, lem¬
ons are hardly worth picking and the
ground ,is often covered with decay*
1 tng fruit.
Variety of Corn
With Hard Husks
Specimen Found in Experi¬
mental Plots With Ear
Tightly Enclosed.
< --
(Prepared by tbs United State* Department
of Agriculture, y
A variety of corn With husks that fit
tightly over tlie ears like finger stalls
would he • boon to corn growers every¬
where because of the protection af¬
forded against corn ear worms, black
weevils, and corn ear smut.
A single specimen of such a husk
protected ear was recently reported by
C. H. Kyle, of the h ni ted States De¬
partment of Agriculture. He found it
among the corn plants in his experi¬
mental plots where lie is attempting
to develop a corn that will have ears
tightly inclosed in husks for protection
against ear smut. Ordinarily, the husk
covering of an ear of corn is made up
of a number of overlapping leaves,
each of which only partially ,encireles
the ear. The unusual specimen found
by Mr. Kyle had a single leaf com¬
pletely encircling the car.
Husk Protection.
While it is not likely that such a
perfect husk will ever be a fixed char¬
acteristic in any corn, Mr. Kyle says
(his specimen indicates the possibili¬
ties of producing a high degree of
husk protection through crossing self
fertMized lines selected for husk pro¬
tection. Husk protection is dependent
upon the length, thickness, tightness,
and texture of the husks.
Some progress has already been
made in this direction. Mr. Kyle lias
crossed seven “setfed" lines which he
had selected for their factors in husk
protection. Three crosses having the
best average husk protection produced
only 10, 11, am/ 43 exposed or “unpro¬
tected'’ ears per 1,000. respectively.
Free From Smut.
Of tlie 13,159 ears grown from all of
tlie crosses, 9,979 were in the husk
protected class, and none were
smutted. On tlie other hand, 228, or
7.2 per cent, of the 3,180 ears in the
exposed class were smutted. The
crosses with tlie best husk,protection
—those crossed with line G —pro¬
duced approximately one-eighth as
many smutted ears as the crosses with
the poorest husk protection, the C
crosses.
Other scientists in the department,
O. N. Collins and J. H Kempton, have
shown that corn ear-worm damage Is
reduced when the tips of the ear are
covered with the husks, and Kyle has
shown in other experiments that husks
that tightly inclose the ears protect
them from rice or “black” weevils.
Ventilated Crates Are
Fine for Apple Storage
Apples are best stored in ventilated
crates. Crates stack better in storage
space than either baskets or barrels
and fruit cools quicker in crates than
in Hie other containers and for other
reasom^keeps better. Then, too, it is
usually desirable to grade and condi¬
tion the fruit just before it is put on
the market and erases can be handled
and emptied for resorting more con¬
veniently than the other containers.
Cellars vary considerably in their
adaptability to storage of apples.
Some are fairly satisfactory while
others are poor. Cellars with furnace
heat in them are quite satisfactory
for storing fruit. Usually the chief
fault with cellars for storing fruit is
that they cannot be properly venti¬
lated and when a considerable quan¬
tity of fruit Is taken in it is diffi¬
cult to get the fruit quickly cooled.
Then, too, it must be kept in mind
that ground heat is 50 degrees Fah¬
renheit and this is 18 or 20 degrees
higher than tlie best temperature for
keeping apples in storage. In the
early fall when days and nights are
warm this temperature may be an ad¬
vantage but later in the^season it Is
difficult to keep the ordinary cellar
cool enough for proper storage of
apples.
Ground Speltz Fed to
Live Stock or Poultry
Speltz is a grain that is nearer to
barley in its chemical composition
than to any other of the farm grains.
It is, in fact, quite similar to barley
in composition and, of course, not so
different from oats and corn. Its prin¬
cipal difference from oats is tiiat it
does not contain so much) outside hull
or fiber and it differs from corn in
that it does contain more fiber than
corn.
Speltz Is a very bard grain and
should he grotmd moderately fine be¬
fore it is fed to live stock or poultry,
if it can be ground rather fine, it can
be used as a part of tlie grain feed to
I replace barley, corn or oats in a ra
tion ami will give about the same re
suits as if the barley, corn or oats
j were being fed.
Efficient Production
by Improved Equipment
More efficient farm production may
be secured where the equipment used
on the farm is all of approximately
the same size and requires the same
power unit to operate it. For example,
a farm needing four work horses may
secure the most efficient production
by having as much machinery as pos¬
sible that requires four horses. This
keeps the horses in use the maximum
proportion of the time and results In
lower production costs. Lower pro¬
duction costs are the result of more
efficient use of man labor where one
man is driving as many horses as pos
sible all the time.
