NEW INDUSTRIAL ERA AT HAND
By LIEUT. GOV. HERBERT H. LEHMAN, New York.
C7 II PREDICT a new era in industry, when sympathy and understanding
J|_ between employer and employee will take the place of suspicion and
misunderstanding. Unions of th«» future will resort less and less to
strikes and the arbitration machinery established in the cloak indus¬
try will be carried over to other trade unions.
The action of William Green, president of the American Federation
of Labor, has greatly encouraged me to hope for the future. Mr. Green
showed the willingness of labor to regard its relationship to employers as
a partnership when he attended the' arbitration conferences that resulted
in the agreements recently signed by the groups in the cloak-making
industry.
Employers must work honestly to eliminate sweat shop conditions
and to maintain the standards agreed to with the union. They must not
abuse the privilege of reorganization granted to them in new contracts
by discharging employees for political reasons. They must bend every
■effort toward strengthening the union.
The union in turn must not raise trifling, nagging questions. It
must see to it that the entire industry is organized and that all standards
-established are maintained. They must co-operate with the enlightened
manufacturers, strengthening those who want to play fair.
CRITICS OF CHURCH CONFUSED
By REV. EDWARD L. PF.ET, New York (Methodist).
It is fashionable to criticize the church. Complaints are made
against it from all quarters. Some say the church does nothing; others
resent its interference. From another direction comes the charge that the
church is without faith. Others say that it is creed-ridden. The disin¬
terested bystander is bewildered by this chaos of criticism, and the friend
of the church, noting such inconsistency? properly suspects the critics of
confused thinking.
With those who, believing in the way of ethical love, score the church
for its average idealism, we heartily sympathize. They are the construc¬
tive critics. Others, in assuming to judge the institution, are striking at
Christian faith itself. They are suspected. Their motives are not always
sincere. They rail at the church for its peace efforts, but who they are
really striking at is the teaching of our Lord upon the solidarity of the
human family. Or, forgetting the teaching of Christ upon purity of
heart, they label the church narrow because the church condemns unwhole¬
some forms of amusements. Let them state their criticism clearly; if
Christ offends them let them say so. In all fairness should they not for¬
sake that tolerance which always is given to those who merely criticize
the church? Would it not be more sportsmanlike for them to state their
case upon an avowed attack upon the ethical doctrine of Christ? Such a
declaration would clarify the issue.
SCIENCE MAKING WORLD LAZY
By HAL, S. RAY, Railroad Public Relations Director.
We live jn the laziest age of history. Americans are too compla¬
cent, too self-satisfied. And it’s all caused by modern science and inven¬
tion. But this same science has made this age the most wonderful of all.
We must get away from this smug, self-satisfied feeling of security.
If we are to. properly aid our children, then we must make many changes
in our private and business lives.
We all hate alarm clocks, and we hate them more and more all the
time. Yet everybody needs one. We are learning to think wrongly about
work. It has come to the place that we believe the prayer, in which we
'ask for daily bread, will be filled without effort.
Another factor of laziness, and which at the same time is a modern
blessing, is the type of work. Our grandfathers had only a few things
they could decide upon for their life's work. Rut look at today's list. We
have almost 15,000 occupations men and women can choose from. And
yet we all hate alarm clocks.
The United States rates her success on the basis of material acquisi¬
tion-—the number of motor cars and radios and shining bath tubs which
she possessed. I doubt if these are standards of civilization or of real
prosperity.
But they have made Europe very dissatisfied with her position today.
She has been poisoned by the talk about American prosperity. If you had
not told ns how rich you were we would not have asked for war debt
cancellation. We are dissatisfied with what we have got.
The prosperity which America enjoys today is due to her vast
resources and land area, combined with a small density of population
as compared to Europe. The topography of the United States, enabling it
to build railways at a comparatively low cost, and the lack of trade bar¬
riers between any sections of the country are additional factors contrib¬
uting to America's prosperity' The miracle is not that you are as well off
as you are but that you are not better off than you are.
PSYCHOLOGY DESTROYING FAITH
By LIEUT. COL WALLACE WINCH ELL, Salvation Army.
Modern psychologists are tilling libraries and seats of learning with
philosophies calculated to destroy faith and lead the nest generation into
outer despair.
A generation cr two ago the slums of New York was the theme that
interested the touring parties that cams to the great city. The riots and
roughhouse fights of the sensual “tough guys” kept everybody talking.
When gangsters would start something, throw stones, cut throats, shoot
-enemies dead, burn orphanages and missions, steal and loot, it made the
Bowery more thrilling to the slummers. The slumming of today is not in
the vile shambles of the poor and ignorant. It is in the gutterous minds
and pens of the so-called “intelligentsia.” These highbrows in their
roughhouse scramble—burling big words and high-sounding phraseology
at each other—are undertaking to rob men of their precious possessions
of faith and truth and eternal hope. Blind leaders of the blind, they are.
CLEVELAND COURIER.
W
Planting of Suitable
Trees Important Point
These are few peopl ■ who would not
think ihat a house with at least one
full-grown tree in its yard looks more
homelike and attractive than one
standing on / treeless lot. For this
reason planting trees is one of the first
things that a man does when he ac¬
quires property, whether he considers
hts home as aft investment or the home
he plajjs to live in ail his life. But
what tree.s to plant and how should
he plant them?
There should be trees along the
parking, of 'course, in some commu¬
nities the custom is to plant the large
spreading trees like elms or maples
along the parking, thus making a
completely shaded avenue when the
trees have reached their maturity, tn
communities where summer days are
excessively hot. this is a very wise
custom. Other communities are try¬
ing to give variety to the streets by
planting native flowering trees there
—crepe myrtle, flowering dogwood and
Judas tree and wild crabapple. These
streets in the spring time ore sur¬
passingly beautiful. It seems that
Americans are wanting color along
their sidewalks as well as in their
kitchens! Do not let the large trees
be planted closer than 25 feet apart.
They will not grow to maturity with
the symmetry that is so desirable if
they are planted too close together.
The smaller trees may be planted 10
or 15 feet apart, or they may be
grouped, if the parking is wide.
Town Library Essential
to Modern Education
America did not discover or originate
the public library; but nothing has
been more striking than the growth
of the town library within the present
generation. There were town libraries
before Andrew Carnegie, and they
would have increased and multiplied
without the stimulus of his benefac¬
tions. This can be said without belit¬
tling his philanthropy. Today, the pub¬
lic library is as much part of a town’s
educational equipment as the public
school itself. It rs the complement of
the school. Any school-day afternoon,
one finds in these reading rooms num¬
bers of studious boys and girls busy
among tbe reference books, or asking
for books which have been listed by
their teachers for home reading. It is
In ministering to the needs of these
earnest young people that the town
library discharges perhai>s its most
useful function.
Perfect Architecture
Architectural perfection in a build¬
ing is based upon four general re¬
quirements, and the more complete the
fulfillment of these requirements the
more certain it is to be architecturally
good, <’. Julian Oberwarth declares
in Architectural Progress.
“The first of these is utility, or ful¬
fillment of the purpose for which it
was intended,” says Mr. Oberwarth.
“The second is expression, or the way
the design suggests the purpose, ma¬
terials, construction and general plan
arrangement. The third is soundness
of construction, or tbe durability of
the materials, knowledge and ingenu¬
ity in their uses and engineering per¬
fection in assembling, and the fourth
is beauty of design.”
French "Garden Cities”
France, especially Paris, anxious
about the future, is making deter¬
mined efforts to bolster up the native
population. Realizing that want of
air and light and general sanitary con¬
ditions are largely responsible for the
high rate of infant mortality, the gov¬
ernment has constructed eleven “gar¬
den cities” just outside of Paris. At¬
tractive apartment buildings are be¬
ing put up. Social workers conduct
clinics and teach child care, cooking
and sewing to mothers and keep a
general watch over the welfare of the
community. The nominal rent is re¬
duced with every addition to the fam¬
ily.—Pathfinder Magazine.
Pergola Good Feature
With the increasing interest in the
outdoors has come a greater demand
for privacy on the home grounds.
This has led to the development of
at least a portion of the grounds
as a small formal flower garden or
informally planted iawg area inti¬
mately related to the house.
Of this a pergola would be a de¬
lightful feature. It is usually lo¬
cated at the opposite end of the gar¬
den, to be viewed from the house as
j I a terminal feature of the garden or
lawn.
Home Owner Good Citizen
The soundest thing in America to¬
day is absolute home ownership. It Is
the keynote to the real prosperity of
the individual. People should own a
home before they own an automobile
or a radio.
A man who owns a home is a better
citizen and a better influence for the
community in which he lives.—Chicago
Post.
Home Site Important
In buying your home site be gener¬
ous and buy as large a one as you
can afford, for a home site has almost
as great an effect on a family's hap¬
piness as the house itself and a large
lot usually makes a home far more
valuable.
Scraps. of
Hum^
LITERAL TRUTH
Theatrical agents sometimes have to
be rather cruel. One day a some¬
what faded woman called to apply
for the position of chorus girl.
“Sorry,” said the agent, tactfully;
“you’re too late.”
The applicant burst out in abuse,
ending with, “I-don’t believe I’m too
late at all.”
“Oh.^yes, you are,” said the agent.
“About fifteen years.”
Sock, Don’t Fit
“My wife and daughter have gone
In for this’ darnfool ankle sock fad,
but I have one consolation,” remarked
the married man.
“Yeah? What’s that?” asked bis
bachelor friend.
"My socks are too large and too full
of holes for them (o ever want to
swipe,” he replied.
COOKBOOK FOR 2 NEEDED
Young Husband—-Emma, the food
doesn’t taste right. Why don’t you
make use of the cookbook I gave you
yesterday?
Young Wife—.My dear boy! i can’t
do that. You see, there are only the
two of us and all the dishes described
are calculated to serve six persons.
Back to Earth
The aviator eoars on high
Afar from mortal sight.
We still encourage him to fly
But how's he going to light?
A Dangerous Pair
Mrs. Fryer—The Joneses are always
running somebody down.
Mrs. Guyer—Both of them?
Mrs. I’ryer—Yes, both of them. He
with his car. and she with her tongue.
—New Bedford Standard.
More Recent Experience
Etaoin—I know that girl well. She
sat on my lap when she was little.
Shrdlu—I know her better. She sat
on my lap last night
WHITTLING HIM AWAY
"I believe she’s figuring on doing
away with her husband.”
“Wouldn’t doubt it Why she’s got
him worn to a frazzle now.”
Just Pardners
V pretty good firm Is Watch & Waite
And another Ss Attit, Early & Layte,
And still another is Doo & Dairet
But the best is probably Grinn & Bar¬
rett.
A Poor Excuse
Her Father—Why were you not at
the lecture this evening?
She—I have an excuse.
Her Father—O, yes. 1 saw it.
Think of This
A young reporter was being called
to account about an interview with
a champion pugilist.
“A lot of stuff about his weight,
reach and what not,” stormed the
sporting editor. “Not a word about
his favorite poem.”
Between Two Forces
Hi^ins Peewe seems such an even
ly balanced fellow.
*
Wiggins—He should be. in business
the profiteers hold him up up and at
home his wife holds him down.
A Public Servant
Thief—I hope you will be lenient
with me your worship. I have a good
many dependent upon me for their
support.
Magistrate—Children ?
Thief—No, your worship; detectives.
—Blackpool Times.
Perfect Service
“Can you recommend the insurance
company with which you are insured
against accidents?"
“Bather t l have been insured ten
years and never had an accident”
<© Tha /fat; an a/ Gaofr*/>h'c •Svaaiy'
Courtyard of an Inn, Jerusalem.
(Prepared hy the National Geographic
Society, Washington, D. C.)
M ORE is known in general of
Palestine, perhaps, than of
any other Eastern country,
because of the wide reading
of tbe Bible. Few, however, realize
; that the manners and customs which
prevailed there in Biblical days are
I still in "interval lijrge part unchanged even
after an of 3,000 years. In
' addition to the native and immigrant
Jews and the relatively few Chris
tians, the land today is inhabited by
three distinct classes of Arabs, the
Bedouins, or nomads, a wandering,
war-loving race; the Fellaheen, who
are the agriculturists, shepherds, and
village dwellers; and the Medaniyeh,
who live in the towfts and eities and
are artisans.
With the advent of civilization the
townspeople are fast losing their an¬
cient customs and quaint costumes,
but tbe villagers adhere to both far
more tenaciously.
The present-day villages are lo¬
cated. as a rule, either on the tops of
hills, originally for protection, or near
some spring or source of water. Many
are built upon the foundations of
dwellings whose origin dates back
thousands of years. There does not
exist c single example of a peasant
village that has been founded in mod
ern times. This does not apply, of
course, to the small Jewish towns.
With almost every village or dis
triet there are, to a greater or lesser
extent, variations in the dialect of the
Arabs, their style of dress, and the
homes they live in.
On the Plain of Sharon, where stone
Is rare or non-existent, the houses
are made of sun-dried brick, the roofs
thatched and covered with clay to
shed the rain, while In the mountains
they are built of stone, since of that
material there is an inexhaustible
supply.
Many have pictured in their -minds
Mary and Joseph, after arriving at the
“inn” at Bethlehem and finding no
room, being forced to turn Into some
barn built of timber, with lofty roof,
hay mows, wooden mangers, and stalls
for cattle and sheep. Such a stable
; has been the subject of many medieval
and modern artists, but it does not
present a really true picture. Let us
\ consider the old-style village home
that is most common in the districts
around Jerusalem and Bethlehem, for
that wilt give us a better idea of what
happened on that first Christmas day.
In An Old Village.
The village streets are crooked, nar¬
row, and unpaved. As iff many of the
j countries of the Orient, farmers live
j ciose together for protection, and cot
on their lands; therefore in the vil¬
lages there are no open fields or gar
; dens, but house is next to house, ex
; cept for the small wailed-in inclosures
i or sheepfolds through which one gen
I erallv passes when going into the
| dwelling.
j The house itself consists of one
large room, usually square. The walls,
i from three to four feet thick, are built
| of blocks of stone roughly dressed and
! laid in mortar, roofed over with a
dome, also of "stone. The outside of
this roof is covered with a cqpting of
mortar made of clay, which, on being
pressed with a small stone roller or
pounded wiih a board, becomes hard
j and compact outside enough to shed the rain.
A steep staircase, unpro¬
tected by any railing, is built np to
the roof, for the surface must be re
j paired at times. The flat, open space
of the roof also forms a handy place
00 which to dry hgs and raisins, and
during the hot weather the family may
3iee P there at night.
Entering the door we find that
about two-thirds of tbe space is de
; voted to a raised masonry platform.
j some eight or ten feet above the
ground, and supported by low-domed
arches. This raised space, called e!
mastaby, is the part occupied by the
family, while the lower part is used
i for the cattle and flocks. A few nar¬
row stone steps lead up to the mast
| aby, and a couple of small windows
| pierce the wall, high up from the
i ground. On one side is an open fire¬
place, with a chimney'running through
the wall and terminating on the roof
often in an old water jar whose bot¬
tom has been knocked out, and so be¬
comes a sort of smokestack. The fur¬
niture is very simple.
Having Inspected the dwelling por¬
tion, which a; once is kitchen, store¬
room, bedroom, and living room, let us
descend the steps into wbat the na¬
tives call the stable.
What the Stable Is Like.
Below the mastaby, or raised plat¬
form, just described, among arches
so low that a man can scarcely walk
erect, are tbe winter quarters of the
goats and sheep. To shut the flocks
in, these arched eni ranees are ob¬
structed with bundles of brush used
as firewood for the winter. The rest
of the floor space, which is open to
the ceiling, is devoted to the tew work
cattle and perhaps a donkey or camel.
Around the walls are primitive man¬
gers for the cattle, built of rough slabs
of stone placed on edge and plastered
up with mortar. *
*
Often tiie owner makes a small
raised plate on which be sleeps at
night to enable him to keep better
watch over the newly born lambs, lest
in the crowded quarters some get
crushed or trodden down by the older
ones. Here he often sleeps by prefer¬
ence on a cold night, for he says the
breath of the animals beeps him warm.
One cannot become even tolerably
acquainted with Palestine without
perceiving that it is the land that has
preserved the ancient customs. Its
present-day inhabitants, most of whom
have nothing in common with the
modern Jews who crowd Jerusalem,
are still perpetuating the life of
Abraham and the customs and ways
of the people who lived here at the
time of Christ.
To have learned the hospitality of
its people, which is always offered, no
matter how primitive or simple, makes
it easy to picture Mary and Joseph
returning from the inn, already filled
with guests, and turning aside into a
home such as we have described, the
regular dwelling portion of which may
have been none too large for the fam¬
ily which occupied it. Tt may have
been crowded with other guests, hut
they find a welcome and a resting
place for the babe in a manger.
Such a use of the rowyeh, or stable
portion of the house, by human beings
is not the exception, but an every-day
occurrence. You can occasionally find
men working their primitive looms
there or the mother preparing the
food or doing her little sewing near
the door, where there is more light
on a dark winter’s day.
Costumes of the Women.
The costumes of the women differ
sufficiently in each district to enable
one to distinguish readily where the
wearer comes front. From the varia¬
tions of the headgear one can tell
whether a woman be single or mar¬
ried; but, although differing from one
another in the details, the costumes
have much in common.
The dress, called a tobe, is like
a long loose shirt, the sleeves narrow
at the shoulders and widening out
something like the Japanese pattern.
The front and back are made each of
one width of cloth, with a gore on
each side to widen the skirt. A girdle
either of white iinen or bright striped
silk is wound around the waist and
the tobe is pulled up a little to pro¬
duce a full bosom. This tobe, when
for common use, is dark-blue cloth,
the bosom is covered with cross-stitch
embroidery and perhaps a little on
the sleeves and^skirt.
The shoes are crude affairs, the tops
being of bright red or sometimes yel¬
low sheepskin, with soles of raw cow,
camel, or buffalo hide.
The headgear is of two parts: first,
what we shall for convenience sake
call a cap, and over it a veil. The
Bethlehem women wear a high cap,
in shape something like a man’s fez,
called shatweh, on the front of which
are sewn rows of gold and silver coins.
The Bethlehem women have the rep¬
utation of being handsome. Their
faces are a full oval, their complexion
fairer than the ordinary fellaheen,
often having very red cheeks, and at¬
tractive in the setting of their strik¬
ing headgear. Their Nazareth sisters
have gained a little less renown. Both
are Christians and supposed to have
a considerable strain of Crusader
blood in their veins.
Old English College
Eton college, in England, has been
established nearly 500 years.
