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Ask Me Another
0 A General Quiz
© Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service.
---------------------
1. What Revolutionary leader
was known as the “swamp fox”?
2. What is meant by "high Ger¬
man"?
3. To what do “great primer”
and “long primer” refer?
4. In what state was Abraham
Lincoln born?
5. In geography, what is meant
by a march?
6. What two great mountain
systems traverse the United
States?
7. By what church official is a
mitre worn?
8. What mountains separate
Europe from Asia?
9. What is meant by a “modi¬
cum”?
10. In what ocean is the island
of St. Helena?
Answers
1. Francis Marion.
2. The language of Germany as
distinguished from that of the
Netherlands, etc.
3. Sizes of type.
4. Kentucky.
5. A boundary or the territory
adjacent.
6. The Appalachian in in the East
and the Rocky the West.
7. A bishop.
8. The Ural mountains.
9. A small account.
10. The Atlantic.
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By Carter Field
FAMOUS WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENT
Washington.—Texas seems to be
enjoying more importance even
than its area or its one-time inde¬
pendence would seem to warrant in
this fight over President Roosevelt’s
proposal to enlarge the Supreme
court. The question every one has
been asking since the President
sprang his surprise message is
—was Vice President Garner con¬
sulted in advance?
The answer seems to be no.
The reason the folks are asking
the question is significant of Wash¬
ington’s reaction to the proposal.
They seem to think that this pro¬
posal is very puzzling in view of
the extraordinary cleverness which
has characterized other Roosevelt
congressional maneuvers.
Take the case Of Maury Maver¬
ick, the much publicized Texas cow¬
boy congressman. He rushed in
and introduced the President’s bill
without consulting anybody. This
was little short of gall and worm¬
wood to Hatton W. Sumners, also of
Texas, but who happens to be chair¬
man of the house judiciary commit¬
tee.
So that now it’s the Maverick bill
which goes to Sumner’s committee
for consideration!
Of course there was no such rush
for the spotlight without regard for
the seniority of statesmen on the
senate side. The bill there was sol¬
emnly introduced by Senator Henry
F. Ashurst of Arizona, chairman of
the judiciary committee.
Legislature Opposes
But the Texas angle in the up¬
per house was not confined to Cac¬
tus Jack Garner. The two Texas
senators figured in as amusing a
bit of timing as has occurred for
some time. Senator Morris Shep¬
pard, who has been getting nom¬
inated and elected to the senate
without opposition enough to really
worry him since 1912, rushed out
a statement approving the Presi¬
dent’s proposal.
A few hours later word came
from Austin that both houses of the
Texas legislature had gone on rec¬
ord heavily against the enlargement
of the Supreme court.
Within a few more hours Tom
Connally, the other United States
senator from Texas, made a state¬
ment deploring the President’s
ideas about the high court, and
promising to oppose any such legis¬
lation!
There is still another Texas angle.
In the President’s message sending
the bill to congress he said:
“With the opening of the Twen¬
tieth century, and the great in¬
crease in population and commerce,
and the growth of a more complex
type of litigation, similar proposals
were introduced in the congress. To
meet the situation, in 1913, 1914,
1915 and 1916, the Attorneys Gen¬
eral then in office recommended to
the congress that when a district
or a circuit judge failed to retire
at the age of seventy, an additional
judge be appointed in order that the
affairs of the court might be
promptly and adequately dis¬
charged.”
The first of these attorneys gen¬
eral, President Roosevelt disclosed,
was Thomas Watt Gregory of Tex¬
as, close friend of Colonel E. M.
House, and recommended by him to
Woodrow Wilson! The second was
James Clark McReynolds, now the
Supreme court justice whom the
New Dealers would rather see re¬
tire than any one else on the bench.
And incidentally he is more than
seventy.
Making Comparisons
Comparisons of the Roosevelt pro¬
posal to enlarge the Supreme court
to the Woodrow Wilson League of
Nations fight are the order of the
day, especially on the part of writ¬
ers hoping this struggle will take
on the importance of the former.
Actually the comparison is the
more interesting because of differ¬
ences.
At the outset, however, it might
be recalled that the outcome of the
League of Nations battle is being
spectacularly distorted in most of
the comparisons.
Had it not been for the stub¬
bornness of President Wilson who
refused to permit the crossing
of a “t” or the doiting of an
“i,” Wilson would have won
that fight. He would have won
it despite the ranging of every ra¬
cial group in America against him,
won it despite the masterly direc¬
tion of the Republican senators by
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, and
won it despite the fact that the 1918
election had shown the country was
turning against him.
Most commentators seem to have
overlooked the fact that the Ver¬
sailles treaty would have been rati¬
fied by the senate, and that the
United States would have joined the
League of Nations, if Wilson had
not sent a command to all his loyal
followers to vote against ratification
as long as the Lodge reservations
were included.
Whereas Lord Robert Cecil long
afterwards admitted that the Lodge
reservations would not have made
the slightest difference! That is the
almost unanimous opinion of all stu¬
dents of League of Nations history
today. For instance, the “heart of
CLEVELAND COURIER
the covenant," President Wilson in¬
sisted was Article X. This was the
article requiring the member na¬
tions of the league to use force to
impose its decisions.
Never Invoked
Its power has never been invoked
by the league. In fact, no membei
nation has ever proposed that it be
invoked. Not even against Japan
in the famous Manchurian case. Not
even against Italy in the Ethiopian
case. The nearest approach to it
was “sanctions” against Italy, and
every one knows that the sanctions
were made a joke by the very na¬
tions, particularly Britain anc}
France, which proposed them.
Of course commentators really
familiar with the League of Nations
fight are really wondering if Presi¬
dent Roosevelt will prove as stub¬
born as President Wilson did. It
may be that he will, but no one
with whom the writer has talked
thinks so. On the contrary, they
point out that Mr. Roosevelt is al¬
ways asking for more than he ex¬
pects to get.
There is another vital difference.
In the league fight the sentiment
against American entry grew very
slowly. Developments of any sig¬
nificance did not begin until months
after the senate debate was in full
flare. Whereas, there was a whole
crop of developments within a week
after the Roosevelt Supreme court
proposal. *
No legislatures rushed into the
breach in the early months of the
league fight. In fact, the group that
has been known since as the “Ir
reconcilables,” and of which Sena¬
tor William E. Borah and Hi¬
ram W. Johnson were outstanding
members, did not form until the
fight had been under way for
months.
In fact, it was not clear—even to
New York editors—that any senator
really hoped to defeat ratification
of the treaty until something like
three months after the fight start¬
ed!
So that up to date the present
fight, in tempo, compared with the
League of Nations battle is- like a
horse race compared with a chess
game.
It is little wonder that such lib¬
erals as Senator George W. Nor¬
ris who have talked with Dr. Ar¬
thur E. Morgan are against him
and with David E. Lilienthal in the
TVA controversy. The point is that
Dr. Morgan does believe in far more
liberal treatment of the private¬
ly owned utilities than the Norris
Lilienthal-Rankin group approves.
Seek Public Ownership
Representative John E. Rankin
believes—to state the most extreme
view expressed from the Lilienthal
group—that the fight should go
on practically without quarter until
all the electric business in the coun¬
try is under public ownership. He
would pay for the privately owned
utility systems, but on the basis of
second-hand clothes “Not worth as
much as new clothes.” He would al¬
low nothing for franchises in fixing
the price to be paid in taking the
utilities over, nor for any “profit”
element in figuring return on in¬
vestment. And he would give little
consideration to the “men who have
been robbing us for twenty years.”
Consider in contrast with this the
views expressed by Dr. Morgan in
his talks with some of the senators.
He has said that rates should be
fixed—for the private utilities—
which would allow a reasonable
return on investment. The rate
should be determined by two fac¬
tors-—one, the actual price of money
at the moment, the other, a certain
element of risk. On occasion he has
mentioned eight per cent as a not
unreasonable figure.
This seems very high to his
opponents, especially as the Wash¬
ington Post, owned by Eugene
Meyer, who could certainly not be
said to be hostile to private invest¬
ment, recently attacked the setup
in Washington, saying that the re¬
turn of six and a half per cent
allowed the Potomac Electric Co.,
was too high! Incidentally, the rate
of this calculation is the lowest for
any city of comparable size in
the United States, as far as house¬
holders are concerned, which seems
to make the idea that water pow¬
er is so much cheaper than steam
a little silly, as Washington is
served entirely by steam power.
Another Factor
But Dr. Morgan has another fac¬
tor that is still more annoying to
the government ownership crowd.
He believes that the rates should be
ixed on a capital which should al¬
low a certain percentage of what
the Norris Lilienthal-Rankin group
call water. Dr. Morgan believes
that every great electric system
had some element of human ability
behind it which should not go unre¬
warded. In some cases this ele¬
ment contributed a great deal, in
others less.
But he believes that in some in¬
stances the human genius that en¬
visioned the thing and brought it
into being might be valued as high¬
ly as fifteen per cent additional to
the actual dollars and cents value
of the electric system.
© Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service.
UNCOMMON
AMERICANS
By Elmo ® Western
Scott Watson Ne ZT r
Pathfinder of the Seas
IJ E NEVER took part in a battle
*■ •* but his name deserves rank
with those other American naval he¬
roes — Jones, Decatur, Lawrence,
Perry, Farragut and Dewey. His
career was a perfect example of
the saying that “peace hath its
war.” For Matthew Fontaine Maury
was one of the greatest benefactors
of all those who sailed the seas in
his day and mariners still honor
his name today.
Born in Virginia in 1806, Maury
joined the navy as a midshipman
at the age of nineteen. During his
long voyages he became impressed
with the scanty information that
was available about prevailing winds
and ocean currents Strangely
enough, an accident on land gave
him his opportunity to do something
about it. He was in a stagecoach
smash-up in Ohio which made him
a cripple for life.
As a result, he was placed in
charge of the depot of charts and
instruments in Washington out of
which developed the hydrographic
office and the naval observatory.
Here he started collecting all avail¬
able information on the meteorolo¬
gy of the ocean which he com¬
piled from a great number of old
log books of naval vessels. The re¬
sult was his first Wind and Current
Chart, issued in 1847.
About 5,000 of these charts were
distributed to shipmasters, who
found them amazingly useful, short¬
ening voyages by days and weeks.
“It was as if a friendly wizard in
seven-league boots had suddenly
risen out of the waves to lead mer¬
chant vessels by the shortest and
quickest paths.” So they were glad
to heed Maury’s request to send
him the results of their observations
of winds and weather and he began
issuing more charts. Within a few
years 200,000 copies of the charts
were being used by mariners of all
nations and it was estimated that
the annual saving to the shipping
of one nation alone was $10,000,000.
The outbreak of the War Between
the States was a tragedy for Maury
in more ways than one. Loyalty to
his native state forced him to re¬
sign when Virginia seceded but, due
mainly to the jealousy of a superior
officer, his usefulness to the Con¬
federacy was hampered and his ca¬
reer in its service was not a dis¬
tinguished one. After living for a
while in England, he returned to
America and to a professorship at
the Virginia Military institut- where
he wrote a geography series which
is still in use. He died in 1873,
“full of years and honor?” and one
of the finest monuments in Rich¬
mond today perpetuate*’ the fame of
this “Pathfinder of the Seas.”
“President for a Day”
A CITY in Kansas, a county in
** Missouri and part of the name
of a great railway system bear his
name, but David R. Atchison is
best known in American history
as the man who, it has often been
asserted, was “President for a
day." A native of Kentucky who
emigrated to Missouri in 1830,
Atchison was serving as a senator
from that state in 1848 when Zach¬
ary Taylor was elected President to
succeed James K. Polk.
On March 3, 1849, Vice President
George M. Dallas, presiding officer
of the senate, announced “the close
of my official term being near at
hand, 1 conform to an established
and convenient practice by with¬
drawing from the deliberations of
this body.” On the motion of Sen¬
ator Benton of Missouri, Senator
Atchison was then appointed presi¬
dent pro tern of ;he senate for the
remainder of that session of the
national congress.
March 4, the traditional Inaugura¬
tion day, fell on a Sunday and the
President-elect not only had reli¬
gious scruples about being inaug¬
urated on the Sabbath but doubted
the legality of such a proceeding.
So the inauguration ceremonies
were set for Monday, March 5.
Friends of Atchison claimed that,
since President Polk’s term ended
on March 3 and Taylor’s did not
begin until March 5, there was an
interim of one day in which the
senate was the only continuing gov¬
erning body. Since Atchison was
president pro tem of the senate and
thereby acting vice president (Dal¬
las having resigned) he was also
acting President between the ad¬
ministrations of Polk and Taylor,
i. e. “President for a day.”
Atchison himself never made any
such claim and declared that the of¬
fice of President was vacant from
noon Saturday to noon Monday.
Asked once how he enjoyed his
short term in office he replied that
he really did not know because he
slept through most of it after an
exhausting last day session of the
senate. Constitutional authorities
agree with Atchison in regard to the
vacancy existing in the office of the
President on March 4, 1849, but one
edition of the biographical congres¬
sional directory credits Atchison
with being “President for a day”
and that legend still persists.
Experiences of Life
Their Significant Interest and
Some Ways to Meet Them
'THE journey through life is
-*■ filled with experiences from
the time we are born to the day
we die. Without them life would
be dull and uninteresting. The
more experiences are crowded in¬
to our lives the fuller and more
interesting they become
When we are in the midst of
events that have elements of dan¬
ger or when they are of momen¬
tous proportions with matters at
stake that may be disastrous,
should things turn out differently
from our wishes, the mind is too
excited or too much engrossed
with results to grasp anything but
the immediate moment.
Reviewing Experiences..
However, on looking back over
the past, we discover what thrill¬
ing times we went through, and
how the experiences stand out as
dramatic and of significant inter¬
est. Often we find ludicrous fea¬
tures entered into the experience
but we had no eyes to see them
at the time.
No Age Limit.
Since life is so full of experi¬
ences some of which turn out fe¬
licitously, and others not so sat¬
isfactorily, there must be a good
reason for our having to go
through the events. I remember
when I was a little girl and there
was something which, to me,
seemed very important to decide
rightly, how I envied grown-ups.
They always knew just what to
do! The fallacy of this assump¬
tion we all know, but we do not
all appreciate how dull life would
be if it were true, and how de¬
velopment would be retarded.
There is no age limit to the series
of experiences.
The benefits of our life experi¬
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ences come through our way of
taking them, and on our wisdom
of decisions when these require
our consideration. If we think of
ourselves only we become selfish,
hard, and difficult. If we decide
with a larger vision of results, and
of the best good to others as well
as to ourselves, we become fine
and strong characters. By the ex¬
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making the best of things we
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© Bel) Syndicate.—WNU Service.
Subduing Fear
The brave man is not he who
feels no fear; for that were stupid
and irrational; but he whose noble
soul subdues its fear and bravely
dares the danger which it shrinks
from.—Joanna Baillie.
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