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PAGE FOUR
Patriots Who Have
Made Georgia History
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The Kennesaw Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy awarded a‘medal
and a membership in the Chapter to Miss Helen Faw, of Marietta, for the following
prize essay on Georgia History, which was submitted in competition with others
in response to an invitation of the Chapter.
IN these stirring times when patriot
ism is such a burning question, it
is helpful for us to know something
of the men of former generations
whose loyal and unselfish services
have given us a precedent to live up
to and a state to be proud of. Macauly
said:“A people who takes no pride in
the noble achievements of their an
cestors will never achieve anything
worthy to be remembered by their de
scendants.”” In this essay, therefore,
it is our purpose te review briefly
the lives of some of Georgia’s great
est men, and to try especially to
show wherein they were great.
" Since the word “hero” is popularly
connected with uniforms and martial
music, let us first look at Georgia’s
military leaders, in Colonial days, in
the Revolutionary period and during
the War Between the States, as well
as in the minor American wars which
Georgia has had a part in.
Georgia’s first hero is found on
the very first page of her history: it
is her founder, James Edward Ogle
thorpe. This scholarly young English
patrician was so moved in heart and
conscience by the prevailing suctom
of imprisoning debtors that he gave
up everything to found a colony
which would give honest banktupts
another chance. During his conduct
of Georgia's affairs he saved his peo
ple from the insurrections and perse
cutions which other colonists suffered
at the hands of the Indians by his
tact and fairness, together with the
military ability he had shown in Eng
land’s wars. . .
Later, when the colonies severed
their relations with the mother coun
try, numbers of Georgians became
conspicuous Revolutionists. Among
these were Archibald Bullock, who
was the great-grandfather of the late
Theodore Roosevelt, and who became
the first republican head of the state
when he was made President and
commander-in-chief of Georgia; Jos
eph Habersham, who, single-handed,
arrested the English Governor Wright
in the latter’s own home; Elbert, who
with Mclntosh stood at Brier Creek
until every man was shot down around
him; Lachlan Mclntosh, who raised
the first troops in Georgia, and after
the war restored peace with the In
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dians on the Western frontier; George
’Houston, who called patriots to pro
| test against the Boston Port Bill; Jon
iathan Bryan, who headed the resist
| ance to the Stamp Act; Noble W
' Jones, who served on many commit
| tees and presided over the Constitu-
Etional Convention in 1795; and But
| ton Gwinnett, George Walton, and
| Lyman Hall, who signed the Declara
| tion of Independence. |
[ Yet our minds turn at gnce to the
f greater army men: Elijah 9t)larlfl:e and
| James Jackson. The former was an
‘uncouth, uneducated farmer, while
the latter was a cultured English gen
tleman. Both labored unsparingly
for the colonies. During months of
ceaseless activity and all manner of
hardships, Clarke was the only pro
tection the people of his vicinity had
|against the brutal Tories. It has been
said that Kettle Creek made possible
Cornwallis’ defeat. James Jackson
rose from private to Lieutenant-Col
onel during the war, and was later
made Brigadier-General: of Militia.
In 1788 he was elected governor of
his state, but declined the office, be
cause he thought thirty was too young.
Ten years later, however, he did serve
in that capacity, and afterwards re
entered the United States Senate,
where he remained until his death.
In token of high esteem the Legisla
ture of Georgia gave him a home.
An interesting character of the
Revolution was Col. John Mclntosh,
who, when ordered by the British
General Fuser to surrender Fort Mor
ris, boldly replied: “Come and take
it.”” Instead the British found it wise
to Wi;hdraw, and the Georgia Legis
lature presented Mclntosh ‘'with a
sword on which were the words:
“Come and take it.”
A bit of romance is added. to the
history of the war by the exploits of
Robert Sallette and Col. John White.
The former daring patriot applied for
the reward that had been offered.for
lhis head, and got it, too. The latter
with only six men and a successful
strategy, captured nearly one hundred
and fifty of the enemy. |
We cannot pass over this period‘
without mentioning John Twiggs, who
fought numbers and numbers of en
gagements and never lost a one. Dur
ing his twenty-five useful years after
the war he was trustee of the Rich
mond Academy and likewise of the
University of Georgia.
In the War Between the States,
Georgia did her full share. Joseph
!E. Brown and Alexander H. Stephens
‘vie with each other for first mention.
Governor Brown served four consecu
tive terms, during which he became
known as ‘“the most active of the
war governors,”” Stephens was a
Unionist in Congress until the South
seceded, when he went with his native
state and became Vice-president of
the Confederacy. Though he was poor
and never well, he graduated with
first honor from the University of
Georgia, and made himself one of
Georgia’s greatest men.
Robert Toombs, as President Davis’
Secretary of State, comes next in
order. His name is later connected
with the first railroad commission in
the world.
Benjamin H. Hill, as President
Davis’ confidential adviser, played
more than a provincial part.
Howell Cobb was another Georgian
who won distinction both in the state
and in the Confederacy.
In the First Confederate Congress
Georgia had seven representatives,
among whom were Eugenius Nesbet,
who wrote the Ordinance of Secession,
and Thomas R. R. Cobb, who made the
first secession speech and who wrote
the Confederate Constitution.
»Besides these men, Georgia gave
ninety-four regiments, thirty-six bat
talions, three lieutenant-generals,
eight major-generals, and forty-seven
brigadier-generals.
~ In the minor wars Georgia has not
‘been a slacker either. During the
trouble that led to the War of 1812,
‘William H. Crawford, one of Geor
gia’s most masterful sons, was minis
ter to France. He was the only man
‘that Napoleon said he ever felt con
trained to bow to twice.
Since the wars of 1776 and 1812
came so close together, their lists of
heroes overlap. Thus in the later one
James Jackson and Lachlan Mclntosh
again come to the front, in addition
to General Floyd, who routed the In
dians at Tallahassee; James Mclntosh,
who cut off the British from their
supplies at‘Sackett’s harbor; and John
Ross, who warned the mayor of Sa
vannah that Cochrane was expecting
to land 1,200 men.
In the War with Mexico, William
Walker was given a sword for gal
lantry; James Mclntosh gave his life
at Molino del Rey; and ‘David E.
Twiggs performed such brave services
at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma
that he was made Major-General.
Congress voted him a golden sword,
his own state gave him another, and
New Orleans still another.
But if we named only the military
leaders we do injustice to George M.
Troup, Georgia’s ‘States’ Rights”
governor; and Governor Jenkins, who
saved the executive seal and thou
sands of dollars of Georgia’s money
during the Reconstruction; and Gov
ernor Lumpkin, who had so much
to do with the obtaining and survey
ing of Cherokee lands, as well as
‘John McPherson Berrien, whose ora
tory in the Senate won for him the
Iname of “the American Cicero,” and
John Forsyth, who also achieved dis
\tinction as an orator.
~ In this connection we cannot leave
out George F. Pierce, who was per
‘haps Georgia’s most famous pulpit
‘orator, and Logan E. Bleckley, “the
‘most accomplished jurist of Georgia.”
Of the former, Toombs said: “Bishop
Pierce is the greatest man I ever
met; he is the most beautiful in per
son, the purest in morals, and the
greatest in intellect.”” He was the
first president of Weslyan and was
twice president of Emory. Judge
Bleckley, with neither wealth nor
health, made himself chief justice of
the Supreme Court. Some of his say
ings are still preserved in “Great De
cisions by Great Judges.”
An apt connecting link between
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THE MARIETTA JOURNAL
‘the speakers and the writers of “the
'Empire State” is Henry W. Grady
‘who was both in his short but fruit
ful life. His speech, “The New
‘South” made him famous over night
throughout the length and breadth
of the land, while of his work on “The
New York Herald” and “The Atlanta
Constitution” it was said, “When he
died he was literally loving a nation!
into peace.” f
| Another writer who arrived at fame
‘through the columns of a daily news
‘paper was Joel Chandler Harris, |
‘whose unique fame as “Uncle Remus” |
is as widespread as the English lan
guage. j
! Further enjoyment for the children
;may be found in “The Young Ma
‘rooners,” by Dr. Francis R. Gould
‘ing, of Roswell. |
i Every scholar knows Sydney Lan- |
jer, who bids fair now to be acknowl
edged as America’s greatest poet; and
it takes no scholar to recognize the |
‘appealing lyrics of Frank L. Stanton. |
In the field of science and inven- !
tion also Georgia can claim honors.!
The first workable sewing machine |
|was made by Doctor Goulding, and
William Longstreet floated his steam- ’
boat a year before Fulton’s; never
’theless, for various reasons, neither |
of them enjoyed the benefits of pat
ents. Eli Whitney, however, is the
undisputed inventor of the cotton gin,
which has formed the corner stone ofl
iindustrial progress in the South. And ’
certainly none can boast a scientistk
‘'who has done more for suffering hu
manity than our own Dr. Crawford W.
' Long, who is now universally pro
claimed as the first to use sulphuric
ether in surgical operations.
Georgia is proud of all these, her
illustrigas sons; but in this advanced
age when woman is coming more and
more into prominence, a feminine
writer cannot fail to mention in the
list of Georgia patriots, Nancy Hart,
of whose strength and courage in
helping Elijah Clarke so many good
stories are told; and Mrs. Barnett,
who hid the state seal during the
carpet-baggers’ regime; and Mrs. Belt,
who more than any other, caused
Georgia to be readmitted as a state.
A more modern name is that of Miss
Rutherford, with whose influence over
the generation which will soon be con
trolling the state’s policies every
Georgian is familiar. And surely we
might include also those hundreds
of ‘Red Cross workers who have been
inspired by the call of a war-stricken
;world to give themselves and their
'sons for freédom; for after all those
patriots who have most to do with
making the history of any state or
commonwealth are the mothers of
men. : ;
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FRIDAY, MAY 2, 1919
