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AIWSfA WASM6YOUAI,
& JfsmEi jpauuw?: n&ww u uim srnmUsimim s&raiMwg®,
Vol. II No. 10.]
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Tile Compost Yard.
In a recently published Scotch work,
on Agriculture, denominated “ the Book
of the Farm,” there appears a drawing
’ iind a description of the 4 Compost Yard,’
an enclosure distinct from, and yet close
ly connected with, the farm or barn-yard,
and in which is situated a tank or sunken
L cistern, for the reception of the urine
from the horse stables, cow and ox stalls,
and the range of hog-stves, into which it
is conveyed by under drains, so that the|
\ rain which falls in the yard does not flow
into the tank, to weaken the liquid, or to
overflow it with a useless article.. Into
this compost yard is brought, at leisure
times, large quantities of muck, virgin
earth or bank-soil, upon which is poured
from time to time, as it is collected, the
mine from the cistern. Several of these
heaps are in preparation at the same time,
and so soon as one of them becomes suf
ficiently saturated with the urine, it is
turned over and carefully mixed, the
clods being minutely broken and pulver
ized. And if, at this stage, lime is added
and intimately mixed by turning, the
mass will be found equal in value tosoap
er’s ashes; by far more lasting in its
eflects, adding staple as well as vigor to
the soil, and manufactured at an expense
much less than by any other mode that
can be devised; the urine in such an
establishment being equal in value, and
preferable for many purposes to the
more solid parts of the dung of the stables.
By these very simple means, the resour
ces of a farm can be doubled, while the
labor attending the manufacture might
he carried on at a time of leisure, afford -
. ing profitable employment at all seasons
of the year. And this mode of expending 1
the urine of an establishment is far better
than that which in some places is in use,
namely, to carry it abroad in water casks
and sprinkle it on grass lands while the
crop is growing, for on some occasions it
has been found, to say the least, almost
useless, while in its concentrated state, it
would prove in other cases injurious.—
One could easily imagine a tank, with a
pump for lifting the liquid into an upper
cistern, from whence it might be convey
ed by means of a hose-pipe to any given
distance, and to any part of the heaps
where required ; and thus, by the labor of
a couple of hands for an hour or so, the
contents of the cistern could he equally
distributed over large quantities of earth,
upon which more muck might then be
spread, and the urine be again applied, so
as at length to form heaps of compost of
great magnitude, in a fit state to carry
abroad as top-dressing to meadows, or
clovers, or suitable for any other purpose.
Ihe solid contents of the farm-yard
and stable manure, could then be carried
into the fields, and there be composted
with other bank-earth, or the clearing of
hedge-rows, &c., or the earth obtained
from the lower parts of the field, where
is often to be found large quantities of
the richest part of the soil, brought down
by the washings of rains from time im
memorial, and which only require to be ;
composted and taken hack to those parts
from whence they have been brought, to 1
render the land uniform in its produce, -
and enabling it to double the quantity of :
its yield. At the same time, great labor i
might some times be saved in the article 1
of carting , if care were taken to make the, (
arrangements to carry the compost down <
hill, instead of up the ascent, and this i
AUGUSTA, GA. SATURDAY, AUGUST 12. 1813.
might often be done, by taking the earth I
from the lower side of the field, above that <
on which it is intended to carry it abroad, s
removing a set of bars here and there, to i
render ready access to the field below.— 1
This I have often been enabled to do, at }
a saving of more than one half the labor 1
in cartage : and it behooves the farmer 5
to consider well before commencing his 1
compost heap—by an examination of the
locality of his fields—whether such an ar- I
rangement be not practicable ; remember- 1
ing, however, that the heap must be form- i
|od on a dry soil, for if otherwise, the)
fermentation going on in the mass, will I
draw up the moisture from the lower earth, ;
|and render all the operations difficult, la-1
borious, and disagreeable ; the character }
of the compost will he changed, and its
fructifying principle deteriorated in a rc
markable degree. The wholesome and -
refining process of fermentation, being ;
checked and rendered abortive by the!
chilling influence of a too great abundance
of moisture, the compost will become cold,
heavy, and adhesive, powerless iu itsef-j
frets, and rather a dead and putrid mass,!
than a warm and invigorating substance.
This consideration is therefore of para
mount importance h> the success of the
undertaking; and yet, how often have I
seen a compost-heap placed in a cold, wet,
' low and shady corner of a field, liable to
r ho overflown by freshets from a neighbor
i ing stream, or even by the effects of a!
heavy rain. But no practical man will
be in danger of committing the error, if he
| have once assisted in turning a heap plac
ed in such an unsuitable situation, the wet
and heavy foundation of which will have
' taught him a lesson he will not he likely
soon to forget.— [Farmer's Cabinet.
; June 27,1842.
From the Planter.
1 Mu. Editor —ln “The Planter” of
27tli ult., you desired information relative
' to the comparative value of such cattle and
1 hogs, of improved breeds as we have
' among us.
With cattle, my experience is too limit
' ed to authorize even an expression of
■ opinion, having hut made a commence
* me lit with some young stock, all of which
: you have seen and passed judgment on.
As one of my calves is of pure “ Patton”
I stock, and a beautiful animal, it would
‘ afford me some satisfaction, to know sonic
• thing of the merit of that breed ; the others
! are of the Durham and Ayreshire.
1 My experience in hog raising, is also
‘ confined to a very limited boundary, be
■ yond the good old sorts—ln my young
1 days, “ a hog was a hog,” and a good or
I bad breed was supposed to depend entirely
; upon the quantity of corn the farmer had
for them ; “ corn makes the breed,” was
but a common saying—-the meat upon the
' table was familiarly called “old Ned,”
from the fact of its consisting of parts hard
to masticate, and harder to digest. But,
: Mr. Editor, perhaps this is a digression
! from the subject, in saying a word about
this branch of the great family of swine—
he it even so sir, excuse and hear with
; me, or skip to the next paragraph, but a
: sense of duty, and respect for the good old
staff upon which our fathers leaned for
support, and from which we derived much
of our hardy nature, seems to whisper,
i Write — he it right or wrong.
The introduction of other breeds, ren
dered it necessary to designate the native 1
hog, according to its general appearance
and habits, not inappropriately, as the :
“Needle Nose,” “Razor-back,” “Land l
Pike,” “ Alligator,” Ac.
Mr. Editor, you have, perhaps, seen i
them; if so, as a better descriptive writer '
than myself, I have a mind to leave this >
part of the subject to your pen, unless you i
are disposed to admit the following picture 1
correct, for which I am indebted to the i
Cultivator. i
“ They have long peaked snouts, coarse
heads, large fbrtear upright leaning back, I
(if they are so fortunate as to have escaped !
the mouth of the dog,) their chest and <
narrow shoulders, sharp backs, slab-sides, 1
and steep rump, meagre diminutive hams, t
big legs, clumped feet, with the hide of the t
Rhinoceros, hair and bristles of the Por- [
cupine, and as thick and shaggy as a t
Bear’s—they have no capacity at diges- t
tion or concoction of food in the stomach— f
and if they had, to the formation of what c
would it all go ? Pork ! No, indeed— [
but to offal, bones, rind, bristles and hair, t
with a narrow streak of gristle underneath, [:
and a still narrower line of lean as tough t
and rank as witleathcr, requiring much b
larding to make it sustain human life. In g
disposition, they are like the. Ishmaelites t<
of old—their snouts are against every 4
man, and every man’s hand is against
them; no reasonable fence ctn stop them,
ever restive and uneasy, they rove about
seeking plunder, squealing, grunting,foot
ing, pawing, always in mischief, and al
ways destroying—enormous gormandizers,
yet never satisfied, but like Pharoah’slean
kine, they lick their jowels for more, and
show in their miserable carcass, no return
for the food consumed.”
These are the animals that abound
throughout the country, and exactly the
'kind the writer possessed, and which lie
found to make him but the poorer, as their
numbers increased, until chance brought
jto his view, a pair of beautiful Bemshircs;
you may smile at the expression, “beauti
; till,” being at all applicant to a pig.
Yes sir, L agree, fully, with Mr. Lossing,
when he says, “the young Berkshire pig,
is one of the most beautiful objects in the
animal creation; as he garjbols in the
|sun, his sleek skin distended almost to
bursting, as if unable longtf to form a
; barrier against the genial stvarn of life,
as they course through the miiature veins,
i impatient to swell into the future mon
ster, and endowed with an instinct, fall
ing but little short of reason and in some
respects, far exceeding it.”
My experiments, for five years past,
have been confined pretty nuch to the
Berkshire*, and I have spare! no pains to
procure from northern genlemen, who
were importers of the finet stock, not
only the best pigs, but the bet sows, with
out regard to price, and feel filly confident
that at least twice as much pork can he
made from this breed, acceding to the
food consumed, as from any vhich I had
previously tried. As to ths fact, lam
fully convinced—someexperimeed breed
ers say, three times as mud. The pre
sent race of them, from history, appear to
he a cross from the fine largs white Chi
nese Boar, on the old stock »f Berkshire
county, which, forty years ago, was a
long, large, coarse, lop-earei hog, of red
dish brown color, weighing tom 800 to a
1000 pounds ; thus has been produced the
splendid Berkshire of the (resent day.
I They are a thick, smooth Rooking hog,
' having, generally, the appfrirance of be
ing very flit, though not iihberly, short
fine head, face a little dishfdj ear upright,
standing forward, short reck, deep thick
shoulders, and broad back, heavy hams,
extending low down the frock, long round
barrel and wide chest, bat Utle hair, few
or no bristles, they mat up; curly, are proli
fic breeders and excellent nirscs. I have
never known them to cat heir pigs, or
disturb poultry, they may lp fattened at
any time, and when in the last order, the
meat abounds with lean, aid decidedly
superior to the native hog, ind weighing
much heavier to the apparent bulk, from
the fact of their having veif light ofliil;
from 3 to 500 pounds may i>e considered
the weight of the ordinal* Berkshire,
when grown; they, howeven attain some
times to a much larger size.: Mr. Allen’s
improved Boar, “Windsor Cfrstle,” is sup
posed to weigh 800 pound*—and I have
no doubt, the Boar which jook the first
premium at our Agricultural Fair last foil,
though but 18 months oldj would then
have gone as high as GOO poinds, and the
sow 500 pounds. I weighed pig this
morning, from the above p: ir, which is
exactly fourteen weeks old, nd has never
been pushed, but kept in gool living order
—rit weighed 105 pounds, \\ nch is more
than a pound for each day of ts age.
Mr. Allen’s testimony, after traversing
all the great pork counties ii England, is
decidedly in favor of the bretd, and judg
ing from the great demand (or them, and
the general satisfaction expressed by all
who have given them a fair trial, togeth
er with my own observation, im induced
to believe them the best of the swine fami
ly—their excellency consisting not in
their large size, but general good quali
ties.
In addition to some fine Berkshires,
the writer procured, last fall, from Col.
Bement, of Albany, a very fine ‘improv
ed China” Sow, (now the property of
Dr. Calhoun, of Greenwood, Abbeville,)
this stock is certainly every way worthy
the attention of persons who would raise
pigs for town or village use, or Who would
eat fine ham almost free of cost. Like
the Berkshires, they are easily kept and
fattened at anytime, and under any cir
cumstances, corn or no corn—requiring,
perhaps, less food than any other hog of
the same size in existence, and less dis
posed to mischief; hints are abroad, that
they do pretty well on atmospheric air—
but I have thought better to give a little
grass along with it—they weigh from 200
to 300 pounds, and some few attain to 1
100 pounds. j;
I also bought a Neapolitan sow at the;!
same time—she, on first acquaintance, is!
by no means prepossessing, being desti
tute of hair, and her skin resembling that!
of the Elephant—she is remarkably do-j
cile—her pigs look well and grow off
finely—this breed is of very recent intro
duction. Mr. Bement gives an account
of them in the last Cultivator—says the
first were imported by Henry Holland,
Esq., of Bailston, in 1839, for which, be
paid the liberal price of $l6O. The su
periority of this breed, is ow ing entirely
to the delicious flavor of the meat, and on
this account are much sought after by
the gentry of England. My sow, in good
order, would weigh about two hundred
and fifty.
Mr. Editor, having already gone be
yond a reasonable limit, I will have to
leave to some one better qualified, a con
tinuation of this subject-—and hope, ’ere
long, from some friend of Domestic
Economy, a chapter on the subject of
breeding and raising hogs.
Respectfully,
Columbia, July 14. J. W. P.
Reclaiming Savannahs.
In the Eastern and lower sections of the
State, there are large prairie looking flats,
generally covered with water in the win
i ter, and partly so throughout the year.—
, These Savannahs have a very black soil,
apparently fertile in a high degree. They
have long been regarded as worthless,
but we are happy to learn that in Sumter
District, some gentlemen have succeeded
. admirably in reclaiming these waste lands,
| by the use of lime and thorough draining,
i \\ e should lie glad to receive communica
, tions from these gentlemen, detailing their
. operations and the results,
i These Savannahs and the large upland
cypresses, we have no doubt, will in a few
years, lie regarded as valuable lands.—
That there is a vast amount of vegetable
deposit in the soil, is clearly indicated by
its deep rich color; and if thoroughly
drained, limed, and broken up deep, so as
, to expose it well to the action of the sun
, and air, we cannot see why a soil so rich
. in vegetable matter, should not prove liigh
:iy productive. We hope, however, to
, hear soon from some who have had some
: practical experience in reclaiming these
, lands.— [lbid.
i
, A Hint to the Ladies.
If you w-ish to improve your flower gar
, dens, water your plants with a solution of
r Ammonia; about three grains to a gallon
t of water. It is said to produce an aston
, ishing improvement in a very short time ;
. imparting vigor to delicate plants that
r seem likely to wither, and adding luxuri
| ance to the foliage of all. Some of our
. fair Camden friends have tried it we un
j derstand, with great success.— [lbid.
’ MOTOEIL[LANE©[UI®,
Violating Public Faith.
! Fisher Ames has thus in glowing lan
t guage, painted the odium of a violated
, public faith.
“To expatiate on the value of public
faith may pass witli some men for decla
i mation—to such I have nothing to say.
* To others I will urge—can any circum
’ stance mark upon a people more turpi
tude and debasement? Casi any thing
* tend more to make men think themselves
mean, or degrade to a lower point their
estimation of virtue, and their standard for
> action?
“It would not merely demoralize man
kind; it tends to break ail the ligaments
lof society, to dissolve that mysterious
charm, which attracts individuals to the
I nation, and to inspire in its stead a repul
■ sive sense of shame and disgust.
: The same revolutionary father says of
patriotism:
“What is patriotism? It is a narrow
affection for a spot where a man was
born? Are the very clods where we
tread, entitled to this ardent preference,
’ because they are greener ? No, sir, this
i is not the character of the virtue, and it
soars higher for its object. It is an ex
tended self-love, mingling with all the en
joyments of life, and twisting!tself with
the minutes filaments ofthe Tneart. It is
thus we obey the laws of society, because :
they are the laws of virtue, lit their au
thority we see, not the array of force and
terror, but the venerable image of our <
country’s honor. Every good citizen
makes that honor his own, and cherishes
it not only as precious but as sacred. He i
is willing to risk his life in its defence, and t
is conscious that lie gains protection while :
he gives it. For, what rights of a citi- i
:zen will hr deemed inviolable, when a a
[-State renounces the principles that con '
[One Dollar a Year.
;| slitute their security? Or, if his life
; should not be invaded what would its en
jjoymetits be, in a country odious in the
| eyes of strangers, and dishonored in his
’ own ? Could he look with affection and
veneration to such a country as his pa
rent?—The sense of having one would
die within him; he would blush for his
; patriotism, if he retained any, and justly,
for it would he a vice. He would be a
|banished man in his native land.”
Dress.
There is not an hour in a day which
a man so much likes to see his wife
wife dressed with neatness, as when she
leaves her bed room and sits down to
breakfast. At any other moment vanity
stimulates her efforts at the toilette, for
| she expects to be seen—but at this retired
and early hour, it is for the very sake of
cleanliness, for the very sake of pleasing
' her husband. “A woman should never
appear untidy in the presence of her hus
band.” While he was her lover, what a
sad piece of business if he caught her
dressed to disadvantage! “Oh, dear,
there he is, and my hair all in papers;
and this frightful, unbecoming cap! 1
i had no idea he would have been here so
■ early—let me ofF to my toilette!” But
■ now he is your husband : “ Dear me,
i what consequence is it? My object is
gained. My efforts to win him, my little
i manoeuvres to captivate have been suc
' cessful; and it is very hard if a woman is
I to pass her life in endeavoring to please
» her husband /” I remember greatly ad
■ miring a lady who lived among themoun
■ tains, and scarcely saw any one but her
" husband. She was rather a plain wo
man—yet when she sat at breakfast each
1 morning, and all the day long, her extreme
neatness and attention to the niceness of
■ her appearance, made her quite an agree
■ able object. Her husband loved her, and
would look at her with more pleasure than
' at a pretty woman dressed in a slovenly,
5 untidy manner; for believe me, those
• things, (though your husband appears not
1 to notice them, nor, perhaps, is he con
■ scious of the cause,) strongly possess the
> power of pleasing or displeasing.—l 'Mrs.
• Ellis.
Take Care Bachelors.
The Clarcjield Banner contains an
advertisement, “To those concerned,”
' signed Moses Wise, (who, by the way,
lacks a spoonful of being as wise as Mo.
1 ses,) setting forth that one Martha Stage
’ is disposed to claim him, the said Moses,
' as her lawful and wedded husband, where
as he is nobody’s husband. It seems that
’ Moses and Martha “happened at a tav
ern with a company of young people who
’ were amusing themselves, and for the
sport of the company, and without any
' serious intention on her part, or on his,
(mine,) a marriage ceremony was said.”
So far, Moses enjoyed the “sport,” but
Martha seemed to think that was very
poor sport, and claims this unsuspecting
I bachelor as her husband, whom she
caught fairly and tied securely.
Now we would warn our bachelor
friends how they go into company, or
they may be snapped up and converted
into husbands before they are aware of
it. —[Southern Planter.
i All “New England and Boston” are
• agog to repair the losses and relieve the
• distresses ofthe Fall River sufferers. But
one spirit animates the entire population.
Fairs, theatres, concerts, steamboat trips,
i church contributions, and many other de
vices for the convenient “ raising of the
wind” are at work all around “the site of
Bunker Hill Monument,” in aid of the
good cause. Mean people, these New
Englanders!
A. & A. Lawrence, of Boston, led off
the Fall River subscription with a contri
bution o f five hundred dollars. —[iV. Y.
Express.
Expense for Christening. —The pub
lic charge for christening the Prince of
Wales, was £2,500, considerably more
than -SIO,OOO. Sir Robert Peel was
obliged to vindicate it in Parliament
against the well deserved censure of Jo
seph Hume. He said that the expense
was really much greater, but that Queen
Victoria had paid all but this small sum
out of her own pocket.
Who wrote the Bible.—A Sabbath
schoolteacher gave out the following ques
tion to her class : “ What proof can you
assign that the Bible was written by good
men?” A little girl four years old, roso
and replied, “ Bad men would not have
written so much against themselves.”