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CONSTITUTIONALIST.
AUGUSTA. GhA.
FRIDAY MORNING. JAN. 14,1870
Notes on the Railway Situation in Geor
gia.
NUMBER 111.
Editors Telegraph and Messenger': I en
deavored to show in my last article what
■was the Railway System in Georgia as de
vised by our fathers, and as it existed up
to the close of the war. The prime object
of our railway projectors and of the Legis
lature was to adopt a system which, while
it opened up communications between the
South Atlantic and the Northwest, and
also with the Gulf of Mexico and the low
er Mississippi, should, at the same time,
render the greatest possible aid to our own
people in transacting their local business
and in developing their local resources and
attracting trade and visitors to our cities
and ports. The system of intercommuni
cation finally settled upon was not adopted
at once, or by a single body of men, nor
was it the suggestion of any one mind. —
Hon. A. H. Chappell, then of Macon, as a
delegate to the Knoxville and Macon Con
ventions, had more to do in defeating tne
Charleston and Cincinnati connections,
probably, and in starting and projecting
our State Road than any one man, and Mr.
Jere Cowles, also of Macon, took a leading
part in the purchase of the old Monroe
Railroad, and in originating and pushing
forward the Southwestern Railroad, as well
as In other important railway enterprises.
But, as has been already indicated, the sys
tem finally settled upon vyas the work of no
one man, nor of any one body of men, but
was the result of the combined thought and
Wisdom of the State —controlled in part by
the physical features of the country, and
by a spirit of compromise between rival
routes and communities.
The railway system thus prepared and
adopted, and existing up to 1865, as stated
in my last article, consisted of the follow
ing roads: For connecting the South At
lantic States with the Tenneseee, the Ohio
and the Mississippi, and tlie Northwest
generally, we had the Central, the Macon
and Western, the South Carolina and
Georgia roads, leading from the sea at Sa
vannah and Charleston to Atlanta, and the
State Road from thence to the Tennessee
river, and other lines leading from the Ten
nessee to the Ohio and Mississippi. For
connecting the South Atlantic with the
Gulf of Mexico and the lower Mississippi,
we had the Atlantic and Gulf, the Central
and Southwestern, and ffitTßonth Carolina,
Georgia, and Atlanta and West Point
roads, which, by placing us in direct com
munication with the Chattahoochee river
and Alabama roads, opened up to us the
States washed by the Gulf and enclosing
the rich delta of the Mississippi. These
splendid lines of intercommunication, with
the Athens and Washington and Thomas
ton side roads, the Augusta and Savannah
Road, the Milledgeville and Eatonton
Road, the Rome Road, the Georgia and
East Tennessee Road, the Warrentou Road
—all regarded as branch roads rather than
as independent lines—and the Macon and
Brunswick Road, then in its infancy, and
but little prospect of being finished for
many years, if at all, constituted the rail
way system iu Georgia on the first day of
June, 1865.
These roads, it was believed, were equal
to the necessities of the people at the time,
and by judicious development and exten
sion, could be made to answer all their
wants iu future. The road from Macon to
Hawk'insville, and vtlie road from Bruns
wick up to the Atlantic and Gulf Road, It
was believed by the friends of the old rail
road system, while resting at these points,
were judicious additions to that system, but
whether the extension of these short lines
until they met, and whether the extension
of the Warrentou branch road beyond
Sparta, and especially to Milledgeville and
Macon, will prove a benefit to Macon In
the end, remains to be seen. But more
upon this point hereafter.
Let us here resume our historical review
of the railroads in Georgia. In doing this,
It is not necessary to my' purpose to give
au account of the many charters granted
by the Legislature, from time to time, to
build railways in almost every part of the
State, and to connect our rivers by canals,
and to construct plank roads—a sort of
mania which seems to have afflicted our
people some eighteen or twenty years ago.
It need only be stated here, that the Cen
tral Road was completed October 13, 1843.
The Macon and Western Road was comple
ted iu 1846. The State Road was not.
extended to the Tennessee until some time
thereafter. I am not informed as to the
precise time when the Georgia Road was
finished to Atlanta, but it reached that im
portant point in advance of the Macon and
Western Road.
There was, from the beginning, a strong
feeling of rivalry between the Charleston
and Augusta, and the Savannah and Macon
route to the Northwest and the Gulf of
Mexico. The Macon and Savannah inte
rest was victorious in its efforts to defeat
the Charleston and Cincinnatti connection,
as well as in its efforts to have the route
from the sea to the Northwest to pass
diagonally across the State—the Augusta
interest leaning to a more direct connection
by an extension of the Athens branch road
to the Tennessee at or near Kuoxville.
When, therefore, the Georgia Roar} reach
ed Atlanta, and the Central reached Macon,
this feeling manifested itself afresh in the
efforts of these rival roads to extend their
connection to the Chattahoochee and the
Gulf. Soon after the completion of the
Central Road, President Cuyler arranged
for a close connection with Charleston and
Wilmington by Brooks and Raideu’s line
of steamers, and for as close a connection
as could then lie made between Macon and
Montgomery by a line of stage coaches.
It was considered important to provide the
means for the carriage of passengers, for
the westward, beyond Macon, and the
establishment of a proper stage line by
private enterprise being hopeless, it was
believed that without a daily conveyance
on the route to New Orleans, Savannah
aud Macon could not expect a fair portion
of the through travel; and hence the stage
line from Macon westward was provided
by the Central Company at a heavy ex
pense. The object of the movement was to
enable a passenger upon his arrival at
Charleston by the Wilmington boat, to
take the route by Savannah and Macon,
and reacli Montgomery, and consequently
New Orleans, as soon as he could by the
route via Augusta to •Covington, and the
stage line from thence to Montgomery.
It will be found, as we advance, that this
feeling of rivalry has shown itself on other
occasions, to the benefit of neither the
Georgia nor Central Hoads, but to the in
jury of both. I allude now to the exten
sion of the Warrenton branch to Macon.
This road will benefit, to some extent, the
trade of Augusta, but there are many
reasons for believing that it will in an
equal degree injure the trade of Macon and
Savauuah, and that it will certainly take
business from the Central and Georgia
Roads, aud especially from the. latter.
The Central, Georgia, Macou and West
ern and State Railroads were some of them
nearly ten years in building, aud others
still longer. The last one of these roads
were built at the public expense; the other
three by private enterprise, as were the
Southwestern and the Atlanta and West
Point roads. At this time such a road as
the Ceutral, 191 miles in length, could be
built easily in two years. Thirty-five years
ago, however, railways were in their in
fancy ; our territory was sparsely populat
ed ; the people were comparatively poor, as
well as ignorant of the benefits of iron roads
and the advantages of associated capital
and effort, and the Indians held no incon
siderable portion of onr domain. The Cen
tral, Georgia, and Macon and Western roads
were built under the greatest possible dis
advantages, and were completed only after
the roost laborious work, the hardest strug
gle and most persistent effort. Their pro
jectors, founders and builders deserve
greater honor from the people of Georgia
than any other class of men. Others may
throw up their hats to politicians and mili
tary chieftains, but I prefer to recount the
praises of such peaceful heroes as Gordon,
C'pyler, Reynolds and Wadiey, Dearing,
King and Thomson, Griffin, Chappell and
Scott, Alexander, Cowles and Screven,
Howard, Foote and Griffin, Long, Garrett
and Mitchell, and their coadjutors and sup
porters. These men have erected a monu
ment to themselves more lasting than brass,
smd at the same time have conferred unnum-
bered blessings upon the generations who
are to come after them. They and their
colaborers and immediate successors did
their work well and wisely ; and we should
allow no such petty matter as local jealousy
or personal spite or mercenary ambition to
avail itself of these troublous times to break
up and derange the wise and beneficent
system of internal improvements bequeath
ed to us by those clear-headed and large
hearted men. The reader may form some
idea of the character of the struggle through
which these early railway workers passed
when he is informed that the stock of the
Central Railroad, as late as 1845, nearly
two years after its completion .brought only
S2O a share. All of these roads and their
connections were projected by ourowu peo
ple, and built by their own hands, and paid
for by their own hard-earned money and
honest sweat, and they are now owned
almost entirely by Georgians and the
widows and orphans of Georgians.
When we recall our system of railways
and remember how these roads were con
structed, and the labor and money they
have cost, and the persons to whom they
belong, it would seem that our law makers
could not exercise too much care and pru
dence when they come to legislate upon an
interest so vast and important.
But returning for a moment to the rail
way system as set forth above, it will be
found, by reference to the map, that it was
susceptible of easy development to any de
sirable extent. Under that system, a car
starting from Savannah or Chattanooga,
could run to any other point in the State
reached by a railroad. As early as 1859
there was a railroad running through 71 of
the 132 counties in the State, and in several
instances there were two railroads through
a county. The greater part of 44 other
counties were within twenty-five miles of a
railroad, and there were at the time just
mentioned only seventeen counties in the
whole State which were not within twenty
five miles of a railroad then already built,
or soon to be built.
But further: The counties in Northeast
ern Georgia, which had fewer railway fa
cilities than any other part of the State,
could have been easily and naturally reach
ed, without injury to the Georgia Road,
by the extension of the Washington branch
to Elberton and Hartwell, and by the ex
tension of the Athens branch to Clarksville
or Dahlouega, or by the present Air-Line
Railroad. Other counties in Northern
and Northwestern Georgia could have
been aided by side lines thrown off at con
venient points from the State Road with
out any damage to the latter, just as
Southwestern Georgia had been penetrated
and relieved by the Southwestern Road and
its admirably located branch lines. The
counties on either side of the Central, Ma
con and Western and Georgia Road3 could
have been reached In. the same safe and
satisfactory way without hurt to any in
terest, while all Southwestern Georgia and
Northern Florida could have had every
needed facility afforded them by short lat
eral roads running out from the great At
lantic and Gulf Trunk Road. The natural
field for this latter road is the southern
tier of counties in this State, the northern
tier of counties in Florida, and the counties
in Southwestern Alabama, with such trade
as would naturally flow down to it through
the Altamaha, the Flint and Chattahoochee
rivers. When it passes beyond this wide
field, it comes in conflict with old and mer
itorious Hues, to the injury of all of them.
Indeed, these great railway trunk lines
may be analogized by the Mississippi and
its tributaries. These tributaries drain a
vast region of country not reached by the
river itself, and the produce floated
down there to the Mississippi, finds its
natural and easy outlet by the father of
waters to the sea. So with the railroad
system devised by our predecessors. By
throwing offside lines, at convenient poiuts
on the trunk roads, they could be made to
answer every purpose subserved by the
tributaries to the Mississippi.. Every sec
tion of the State might be penetrated and
a cheap aud expeditious communication
opened up to the people and their produce.
The streams of trade and travel, taking
the rise in the mountains and remote parts
of the State, would gradually grow and
swell in volume until they reached the
main lines, into which they would pour
their rich and varied contributions, to be
transported still more cheaply and expe
ditiously to the great centres and marts of
trade.
All this could have been done without
disturbing the system bequeathed to tfs by
our fathers, and without injury to the work
of our own hands, and without depreca
ting the values of the property of oar peo
ple, especially the poor pittance still re
maining to the helpless widows and or
phans of our blackened and blood-stained
land. llistoricus.
[From the New York Tribune.
The Sunken Iron-clads.
CHARLESTON HARBOR TO BE CLEARED OF
TIIF. WRECKS —HOW THE WORK IS TO BE
DONE.
A corporation of enterprising gentlemen
of this citv, kuown as the “ Monitor
Wrecking Company,” of which Mr. B. T.
Benton is President, has been awarded by
the Treasury Department the contract for
raising the wrecks now lying in Charles
ton harbor. Among these are the Keokuk,
Weehawken and Patapsco, iron-clads, and
the Housatonic store ship, besides a large
number of others of less importance.—
Store ships, blockade runners, torpedo
boats, vessels of every known variety, fit
ted for war or peace, are found by the
divers, strewn over the bottom of this har
bor. Probably there is not at present an
other place in the world where so many
submerged wrecks are collected in so small
a space. The harbor is formed by the junc
tion of the Ashley and Cooper rivers,
which here continue to empty their waters
into the ocean. Across the entrance, seven
miles below the city, a sand bar stretches
from Sullivan’s to Morris Island. On this
bar the Government stone fleet of sixteen
vessels was sunk in 1861, with the inten
tion of rendering the entrance impassable,
but as the river current soon hollowed out
a channel on the other side as good as the
first, it did not materially impede naviga
tion. This bar renders the harbor inac
cessible to large vessels except at high
tide, and dangerous at all times; but the
explanation of the wrecks “ which all
around with fragments strew the sea” is
not to be found in this, but in those gigan
tic conflicts of which these quiet waters
were not long ago the sceue.
The Keokuk, the first iron ship ever sunk
in battle, was a double tnrretted iron-clad,
built by Mr. Whitney, of this city. On the
morning of the 7th of August, 1863, she
brought up the rear of that tremendous ar
mada of nine vessels which steamed up
Charleston harbor to attack the rebel strong
hold. The ill-fated Weehawken, on whose
stout ribs the worms now feed near by, lead
ing the attack. The odds were terrific ; a
fleet, mounting 32 guns, against forts mount
ing 300. The attack continued through
the day. The Keokuk bore the brunt of
the fight, advancing within a ‘tew hundred
feet of Fort Sumter, and receiving no less
than ninety of the heaviest shot. Her hull,
at water mark, showed nineteen shot holes.
She was kept through up the night only by
plugging and continual pumping, and went
down next morning, with flying,
abreast of Morris Island, where she now
lies. The Patapsco—monitor—was sunk
by a torpedo, which tore an immense hole in
her bottom, and the Housatonic, store ship,
met the same fate.
The loss of the Weehawken will be re
membered by many from the sad tragedy
atteuding it, lour engineers aud twenty-six
seamen haviug been earned down in her.
She suuk at her auchorage on the 6th of
December, 1863. It was asserted at the
time that the forward hatch was open, and
the continuous stream poured in by the
high waves washing over the bow deck
weighed her head down before the crew,
who were aft, knew anything of it, so that
she sank before they could escape. This
seems the best explanation, though it has
been declared improbable, and even impos
sible, by the surviving officers.
All efforts to raise the vessels have prov
ed unsuccessful. Mr. Whitney expended
three years’ labor and a fortune in endeav
oring to raise the Keokuk, but without
avail, and Mr. Benton has lost a great deal
in the futile attempt which he has made
during the last three seasons to float the
Weehawken. His plan was to run a huge
iron cylinder down to the top of the turret,
to make it air-tight at the joint, and pump
the vessel out through it. The plan would
probably have succeeded, but just at the
time when the machinery was all erected
and an iron cylinder 31 feet in diameter
and 30 feet high had been successfully join
ed to the turret, a storm came up and
washed the whole structure away, the men
barely escaping with life.
Even if it were possible to raise these
vessels whole, they have uow been so long
submerged that the destructive worms
which abound iu those waters have eaten
away the wood work so that it has scarce
ly enough strength left to hold together,
and in many parts, if a piece is hooked on
to it, comes away from the rotten hull
without any perceptible resistance. Under
these circumstances, the Government has
wisely concluded that it is inexpedient to
attempt raising the vessel whole, and the
present contract merely looks to the pre
servation of their undestroyed metallic
Darts. The method pursued will be to
blast out pieces and raise them by machine
ry. Much of the machinery used by the
Wrecking Company in their former at
tempts still remains, and can be used for
this oppose. The mines will be laid by
submarine divers, with the assistance of
sand-pumps removing 6,000 gallons per
minute, for use where the vessels are par
tially covered with shifting sand, which is
often the case.
After the blast the divers will descend
with chains, fasten them to the disjointed
portions —disjesta membra —and at a signal
they will be hoisted away. The powerful
hoisting machinery is a great steam scow
built for the purpose, and the fragments
are deposited by it on other scows, also
constructed specially for that use. The
machinery is capable of hoisting over forty
tons, a single pair of “blocks and falls”
used weighing 2,700 pounds.
An idea of the .value of the metals con
tained In all these vessels may be got from
the following inventory of that in the store
ship Hoasaton;c, which is not an iron-clad,
but a wcoden screw stegmer:
Pounds.
Cast iron works 224,357
Wrought-iron works 81,152
Brass 115,586
* Coal bunkers 70,450
Chimney 10,660
Blowing engines 10,520
Starboard boiler 101,600
Fort boiler 88,800
Donkey boiler 16,900
Coffee pipes 9,220
Beside the metals, it is expected that
valuable cargoes will be lound on some of
the blockade runners, such as cotton and
other things which withstand the action of
the water a long time. The contract will
include these, as it covers everything of
value sunk within the limits of the harbor.
Mr. Benton will commence operations
about the Ist of March.
[From the Hartford Titnt-s.
Little’s Automatic System of Telegraphy.
The National Telegraph Company of
New York, anew institution, sends out a
pamphlet announcing that it has secured
all the patents and rights of “Little’s auto
matic system of fast telegraphy.” In the
pamphlet is a letter from D. 11. Craig, Esq.,
late General Agent of the New Yorx Asso
ciated Press, giving an account of the in
vention and its advantages. It is claimed
that by the new system as much business
can be done with one wire as with ten wires
on the Morse plan, and atooe-half the cost.
“ This assertion lias»been tested,” says the
pamphlet, “ on a telegraph circuit of over
two thousand miles long.” Aud to demon
strate to the country the truth of this as
sertion, the new company have, they say,
“commenced constructing a line conuect
ing New York with Washington.” They
have a capital of ten millions of dollars,
and all of the stock, It Is asserted, has been
taken. How much has been paid in we
arc not informed.
There are 70.000 miles of telegraph line iu
this country, with 130,000 miles of wire—
all on the Morse plan. Between the larger
cities it requires from eight to ten wires to
do the business, aud between Boston and
Washington there are thirty wires. It is
claimed that under the uew system, one
wire will do all the work, except on the
line between Bostou and Washington, and
that three, and probably two, will lie able
to do all the busiuess there.
It would now cost to construct the 70,000
miles with 130,000 miles of wire, and fully
equip the line, at least twenty millions ot
clollars, under the present or Morse system.
The new system, it is claimed, can be put
in full operation over the same distance for
four million five hundred thousand dollars,
or for about one-fifth the cost of the Morse
system.
In 1845 Bain first invented the automatic
telegraph. Though considerable work was
done by his invention, it did not fully suc
ceed. Little’s invention is founded on
Bain’s idea, but it is claimed is an improve
ment upon it, as great indeed as the steam
locomotive is above the stage coach in
speed and capacity. The operation of the
Little automatic machine is described as
follows : A ribbon of paper is perforated by
a machine with characters it is proposed
to transmit. The transmitting instrument
is a magnetic engine or motor of the usual
construction, with a governor to keep its
speed uniform. The receiving machine is
essentially the same. A ribbon of paper,
perforated, is placed upon a roller, aud the
engine is set in motion by a two-cup bat
tery, a wheel with a platinum edge or pen,
constructed like a brush, is made to press
upou the paper, and the connection of the
wires is such that, in traversing the spaces
punctured oat of the paper ribbon, a current
is sent upon the line, while, when travers
ing the paper itself, the current is broken,
the paper being a non-conductor. At the
receiving station, a paper chemically pre
pared, and of a very sensitive nature, is
used, so that the least current transmitted
will, by decomposing the elements used in
preparing the paper, have traced upon it in
bold black characters an exact sac simile
of the characters perforated at the trans
mitting station.
Mr. Ge<* It. Hicks, General Agent of the
Associated Press at Cleveland, Ohio, has
made experiments with this plan, aod he
says “ the results obtained by this method
are surprising; and I have seen experiments
which show that there will be no difficulty
in sending to or dropping copies at any
number of offices at the same time, upon a
single wire.” The batteries used may be
much weaker than those required by the
Morse plan. Mr. Hicks declares that 200
words per minute can be transmitted by the
Little invention, through a circuit of 2,000
miles, and over one wire. The messages
can tie prepared for transmission bygirlsor
boys at the rate of 800 words per hour by a
single girl, and twenty or more if necessary
may be preparing messages, or set to work
upon a single message all at the same time.
Mr. Craig claims that persons receiving
a large number of words dally will learn
to translate the telegraphic characters,
thus saving the expense of copying, and in
thi -i way get a message of 150 words for 25
cents. Mr. Craig adds:
“ It is within the truth to say that the
automatic system is a thousand fold better
than the Morse for serving a great number
of offices at one writing. Indeed, it would
be entirely practicable, by the automatic
system, for the agent of the press to trans
mit from the office in New York, over a
single wire, 200 words per minute, to every
city, and into every newspaper office in
every city and town in the Union, at one
writing, with as much certainty and ease
as he uow sends through one of the West
ern Union Company’s wires, at the rate of
fifteen words per minute, between New
York and Washington.”
All this will be verified or proved a fail
ure, when the wi res are put up from New
York to Washington by the National Com
pany. A practical test in regular business
will settle it.
Jewish Immigration. —It is announced
that during the current year about one thou
sand Jewish families will immigrate from
Russia, Prussia and Austria to this country
under the direction of the Central Commit
tee of the Alliance Israelite at Konigsber"
Most of these people have been outraged by
the Government officials of Russia, and they
wdl enjoy and appreciate the toleration of
our land to a great degree, without doubt.
Counterfeit Conspiracy. —A man
named Houston King, in Kentucky, has
revealed an astounding plot of Andrew
Johnson, Governor Hoffman, Senator Mor
gan and F. P. Blair, to flood the country
with counterfeit money and break down
the credit of the Government. King claims
to be a Confederate colonel of artillery
The authorities think him crazy.
Dr. Alexander S. Dillon, of Prince Ed
ward, died recently, at his residence, near
Farmville, Va. He was the son of Edward
Dillon, deceased, the intimate friend and
correspondent of John Randolph.
Georgia state .Loeterv.
FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE
Orphan’s Ht/rm- and Free School,
Jne following were the drawn number*, in the bup
plementary Selieme, drawn at Augusta, Georgia/-
MORNING DRAWING-Class 21.
aa 38 11 33 l 78 6* 31 15 76 4 67 6
43 33
15 Drawn Numbers.
EVENING DRAWING—CIass 22.
l 1 31 „ 35 46 ** »» 13 53 378
12 Drawn Numbets.
janU-1
SPECIAL NOTICES.
SOCIAL LODGE, No. 1, F.\ and A.*. M.*.—
The Regular Monthly Communication of Social
Lodge, No. 1, will be held at Maaonic Hall, THIS
(Friday) EVENING, at 7 o’clock.
By order ol S. D. Heard, W.\ M.\
WM. H. CRANK, Jr.,
janlll Secretary.
CHARLOTTE, COLUMBIA AND AUGUSTA
RAILROAD.
Augusta, Ga., January 12th, 1870.
On and after THURSDAY, January is*, - and
until further notice, the Freight Actommodaribn
Train on IhU Road will run as follows :
TRAINS NORTH.
Leave Augusta i.4:15,p. m.
Arrive at ColumUa! a m
TRAINS SOUTH.
Leave Columbia p m
Arrive at Augusta • -39 a>
Shippers are notified that their Freight must be in
Depot by 12, m., to Insure shipment on that day.
j ’.nl3-4 W T. WILLIAM -t. Atrem.
AUGUSTA - AND SUMMERVILLE RAILROAD.
ALL ORDERS for CITY TRANSPORTATION
of FREIGHT will receive prompt attention if ieft at
the Office of Geo. T. Jackson & Cos., No. 47 Jack
son street, M. J. VERDERY,
SPECIALNOTICE.
RICHMOND BUPERIOR COURT TO BE AD
JOURNED.—Parties, Attorneys, Jurors and Wit
nesses, are hereby notified that the January Term of
Richmond Superior Court has been adjourned to
MONDAY, tlie 7th day o* FEBRUARY, 1870. The
Jurors summoned for the first w ek of he Court will
be required to attend at raid time. Tlie Jurors for
the second week of Court, on the second Monday in
February, the 14th; and the Jurots forthe third week
on the third Monday in Febtuary, it, being the 2Rt
day of said month-
WM. GIBSON,
Judge Superior Court, Middle Circuit.
Attest: E. M. Bratton, Clerk.
janll-ll,l2jan*Steb
CITY TAX NOTICE.
Office Clerk of Coatiicit. C
Augusta, Ga., January 10th, 1870. }
All persons liable for City Taxes (except there
wbo are required to make Quarterly Returns,) are
hereby notified that the City Tax Digest for 1870 is
now open at this office, aud'will remain open until the
first day of MARCH NEXT, by witch time all re
turns must be made. All those .who fail to return by
that time will he reported for donbie taxation ; and, in
addition, be subject to a fine of not less than Tea Dol
lars per day for each-day of such failure.
Office Hours—Daily fom 9 o’clock, a. m . to 2
o’clock, p. in. C’undays excepted.)
L. r. BLOME, '•
janll-tmarl Clerk of Council.
just our.
CHERRY PECTORAL TROCHES, superior to
all others for Colds, Coughs, Sore Throat, Bronchitis
and Hoarseness.
None so pleasant. None cure so quick.
Manufactured by RUBHTON A CO., Astor House,
New York.
No more of those horrible tasted, nauseating Brown
Cuheb things. \
For sale by W. H. TUTT & LAND at Proprietors’
Pricc3. jau6-dtc3m
uar IMPORTANT.—THOSE WHO HAVE
attained to the greatest eminence in the science of
Medicine, an J who have by a life long study of, and
experience with, the human brganism, obtained great
Insight into the orig n and pathology of disease, are
yet, notwithstanding all tlieir profound and leaned
theories, confessedly groping iu the dark as to the firtt
Cause of any and aH diseases that affect our rape, jfiut
this much has been clearly elucidated, and IB Uwßme
an axiom with the learned profession, that by far the
greatest number of our ailcr cuts are directly treceable
to derangement of the digestive functions, and If
“good digestion wait on appetite, - ’ health will be the
almost uuiform result. Acting npon this axiom, tbe
iuventor of DR. HURLEY’S CELEBRATED
STOMACH BITTERS has been eminently success
ful (judging fro-" the many testimonials that are con
stantly pouring in upon bim through the mail- and
press), in preparing.* remedy to meet and “ nip in the
bud” all this long list of obscure and distressing de
rangements that r- nder “ life scarce worth the
We are glad to learn that the public here are be
ginning to appreciate these BITTERS upon their in
trinsic merits, and that they can be had everywhere.
Be 3 advertisement in another column.
dec2s-eodlf
Ordinary’s Office, Richmond County, ?
AcavsTi, Janaary 7, 1870. \
A meeting of the Board of Education will he held
at this office, on SATURDAY, the IMh inst, at 3
o’clock, p. m., for renewal of Certificates and er&ml
nation of Teachers for the year 1870.
H. W. HILLIARD,
Commissioner 8. E.
SAMUEL LEVY r
janß-td Ordinary.
Georgia Railroad and Banking C 0.,?
Augusta, January Bh, 1870. $
DIVIDEND NO. 52—A dividend of Fooa Doi.-
lass per share bas'been declared, payable on and af
ter the 20Ui inst J. MILLIGAN,
janß-t2l Cashier.
m Grand SI,OOO Raffle !
200 CHANCES, AT $5 A CHANCE.
20 ELEGANT PRIZES!
Which go to the Ten Highest and Ten Lowest
» Winners, respectively.
The Prizes are now on exhibition in onr
windows. Lists can be foaud with us and G.
Volger & Cos., under Globe Hotel.
' FREEMAN BROTHERS,
j:»ul2-6 312 Broad street
The celebrated IMITATION GOLD HUNTING
WATCHES, ‘‘O 'llina M.taY’ (Improvd Orode.)
These justly celebrated Watches h»v« been* eo
thoroughly tested during the last tour years, and their
remit ti ion for time and as imitations .of Gold
Watches, is a > well established as to require no re
commendations. Prices—Horizontel Watches, |lO,
equal iti appearance and for time to Gold Watches
worth $100; Full .Jeweled Levers, sls, equal to-$l5O
Gold oues; Full Jew, led Levers, extra fine and supe
rior finish. S2O, equal to S2OO Gold one*.
We have just commenced making a very flue Ame
rican Watch, full jeweled, Patqnt lJever, chronometer
ba'atice, adjusted to boat, cold and positish, I'A ounces
down weight, equal in appearance and for time to a
Gold Watch cost inst $250
W e charge only S2S for these magnificent Watches
All our watches in hunting cases, Gents’ Mill Ladies’
sizes, chains, Collins Metal, $2 to SB. Also, all kinds
of Jewejfy, equal to gold, at one-tenth the price.
CALIFORNIA DIAMONDS, set in gold.
. We are now making Jewelry of the California Dia
monds. These are real stones of great brilliancy and
hardness, and cannot be distinguished from the gen
uine stones, even by good judges. They are pariicu
iarly brilliant at bight by artificial light, do not scratch
or become dull by use, and retain their brilliancy for
an indefinite time. The following are the prices:
Ladies’ and Gent’s Finger Rings, single stones,
one karat weight $5 each
Gents’Pins, single stone, according to tire site
of the stone ~...54t05e
Ladies' Cluster fins #7 50
Ladios’ Cluster Ear Rings 00
TO CLUBS.—Where six Watches are ordered at
one time, we send a seventh Watch free. Goods sent
by express to be paid for on delivery.
O. K. COLLINS & CO-,
nov2-3m No. 335 Broadway, New York.
FOR RENT,
One HUNDRED ACRES of First Qually
COTTON LAND, within a mile of the CHy
Hall, if applied lor within a week-
Apply at THIS OFFICE]
janlS-6*
ROOMS. !
_A_ VERY Desirable Suite of ROOMS, win
BOARD, can be had at once.
Apply at THIS OFFICE.
jan!3-3
New .A.dvertisemenfs
»
Hardware, Cullen,
V f ■
Stoves, Tin and Wood Ware*
WILLIAM HILL
Begs to announce to Ms old friends and
customers, and the citizens of Augusta and
vicinity, that he has Removed his business
from Hamburg, S. C., to the Store, 193 Broad
street, Augusta, G i., next door above the Con
stitutionalist Office, where he has a full stock
of HARDWARE, consisting of—
AXES, HOES, SPADES, SHOVELS
MANURE FORKS, RAKES
BLACKSMITH TOOLS
BAR IRON, STEEL, NAILS
HORSE and MULE SHOES
OVENS, POTS and SPIDERS
HINGES, SCREWS
POCKET and TABLE CUTLERY
SAWS, AUGURS, CHISELS, &e., &c.
ALSO,
WOODEN WARE, such as BUCKETS,
TUBS, CHURNS, PAILS, &c.
COOKING STOVES, of various patterns of
model p make, a:id warranted to cook well;
*:m», HFATING STOVES. «
He also offers a full assortment of TIN
WARE, which he manufactures in all its varie
ties, at wholesale and retail. TIN aud SHEET
IRON MANUFXCTURED to order, and job
bing promptly done in be6t manner.
I respectfully solicit a share of public pa
tronage. WILLIAM HILL,
janH-tf 193 Broad street, Augusta, Ga.
THE WATT PLOW.
TiUS PLOW has established, wherever
it has been used, a reputation unprecedent
ed in the history of inventions as
FALLOW, SUBSOIL, DITCHING and
CULTIVATING PLOW.
It ha3 no rival, being adapted to every va
riety of soil and to foul and clean lands
without choking. It does the Hoe and
P.ow Work at one operation.
Certificates and letters of some of the
jest planters in the country can be seen at
my office.
Price of the “ A aud B,” one-horse plow,
Deluding oue extra point, wreuch aud
Weeding mould board, $7 25.
For sale by
janl4-d6*clif C. 11. PEINIZY.
B§fl Fre&h aud Tender.
Mt display of MEATS, on Saturday Morn
ing and Evening, will be of unurual excel
lence. The best of BEEF, MUTTON, LAMB,
VEAL aud P-JRK constantly ou hand aud for
sale at moderate rates.
JOHN P. FOSTER,
jan!4 1 Stall No. 1, Lower Market.
BOOK-KEEPING,
SINGLE AND DOUBLE ENTRY.
Pfuinauship and Arithmetic.
WjVL. jVI. pelot,
Late Commission Merchant, and Principal
Charleston Commercial CMleyt, Chartered,
by (he Legislature of South Carolina, and
late Principal of Wm. iVI. Pelot’s Commer
cial College , Broadway, New York,
”W"ILL DELIVER a COURSE of LEC
TURES, and elucidate practically P blot’s Ab
breviated Single and Double Entrv System of
Book-Keeping and Mercantile Arithmelie, em
bracing the old Italian discovery, and all the
latest European and American improvements.
Students graduate iti a single coarse of one
month. New students received daily. Apply
for the, present at the MANSION HOUSE,
Broad street, Angnata, Ga., from 2 to 4 o’clock,
p. m.
TKT?TVIB ;
Book-Keeping, (Guaranteed Course).. .S3O
Penmauship 10
Arithmetic 10
Teetimoma's ot success in Charleston, 8. C.,
Columbia, S. C, Camden, 8. C , Edgefield, S
0., Aiken. S. C., Wilmington. N. 0., Charlotte,
N. C., Salisbury, N. C.. Newbefoi, N. C., Nor
folk, Va., Petersburg, Va., Savannah, Ga., Au
gusta, Ga., Colntnbns, Ga , Atlanta, Ga., Mem
phis, Team, Chattanooga, Term., Montgomery,
Ala., New Orleans, La., and other cities South
and West. Also, at Paterson, N. J., and New
York City, can be produced from several hun
dred gentlemen, comprising Mercbanls, Book-
Keepers, Clerks, Bank’Officers, Editors, Mem
bers ol the Bar, Physicians, Mechanics, Farm
ers and Printers.
jan!3-6*
To Cotton Manufacturers.
WE are making COTTON CANS of large
SHEETS of TINNED IRON, 36 inches in one
sheet; also, improved by making the Top and
Bottom Rings of WROUGHT IRON, made in
proper form to prevent cutting floors, «fcc.,
which render them a perfect and complete Can
and at prices which the general
introduction of them in the
MIDDLE and SOUTHERN STATES.
SPINNING FRAMES, CYLINDERS, &c.,
MADE TO ORDER.
We can pack Cans so that any ordinary firm
sau put them together with ease, thereby re‘
ducing bulk and saviug freight.
Orders solicited and promptly filled.
E. MILLS <& SONS,
16 South Calvert street.
sepls-2aw6m Baltimore, Md.
Valuable Property
H' OR SALE CHEAP, or RENT, a three-sto
ry BRICK RESIDENCE, with seven rooms.
Halls. Porches, &c., centrally located on Greene
street, with lot extending through from Greene
to Ellis street. Inquire of
S. K. JOHNSON,
decl6-tf At Georgia R. R.
WANTED,
PLANTATION of from 200 to 500 acres,
convenient to this city or railroads. Mast be
well adapted for Cotton and Grain, with Im
provements and necessary Woodland.
Apply by letter, giving fall description, to
decll-tf P. O. BOX NO. 183.
Fashionable Dressmaking
A. ND all descriptions of SEWING and
MACHINE STITCHING executed in the best
manner and on the most reasonable terms, by
MRS. JOHNSON,
Morthwest corner of Broad and Camming
streets, up stairs. octl3-wfsu3u
GIRARDEi’S OPERA HOUSE
TWO NIGHTS ONLY,
Wednesday and Thursday,
JANUARY 19 AND 20.
THE ORIGINAL
PEAK FAMILY.
Grand Matinee
THURSDAY. AT 3. P. M.
For the especial accommodation of Schools
and Families.
Swiss Bell Ringers!
The Largest and Oldest Troupe of Bell Ring
ers extant!
VOCALIBTB, HARPISTS, VIOLINISTB.
STAFF BELL PLAYERS, AND SIL
VER CORNET BAND.
Krerythlug New, Brilliant, Attractive
and Unique.
Since their last visit they have imported a
new set of perfect toned SILVER BELLS, 120
in number. Also, anew Btaff ot 36 Silver Bells
and anew double action Erard Harp ; New Bell
Music; new Staff Bell Solos ; new Harp Solos ;
new Character Songs ; new Band Music, and
all the Popular Airs of the day.
Cards of Admission, sl. Nothing extra for
reserved seats. Tickets for sale at Oates’
Music and Book Store, where seats may be se
cured in advance.
Admission to Matinee: Adults 50 cents ; all
Bchool Children, 25 ccDts.
L M. HARRIB,
jau!3-7 Business Agent.
Peeler Cotton Seed,
(Guaranteed pure. Grown by w. f.
Alexandeb, Columbus, Ga., (late of Washing
ton, Ga.) Apply to
JNO. JENKINS,
jjnll-2in No. 2 Warren Block.
First Prize-Silver (up-at Georgia
State Fair.
STEWART’S
CELEBRATED AIR-TIGHT
COOKING STOVE,
WITH
Dumping Grate.
THE STEWART COOKING STOVE,
Which has hitherto maintained an acknowl
edged superiority over nil eompetitors, is now
introduced to the public with the addition of a
DUMPING GRATE aud ASH DRAWER. In
point of Economy and General Utility, it has
been conceded that the Stewart Stove is
AHEAD OF ALL OTHERS.
Bv this addition of the NEW DUMPING
GRATE, the heating surface of the oven is
greatly increased, and the capacity of the flues
nearly doubled. The Stove can never have a
defective draft, and no Uu.t can escape while
cU'-aning or dumping the grate. All parts of
the oven hake alike. Ttie oven is ventilated in
a manner entirely new, and by means of which
the oven is more quickly prepared for baking,
nod the baking is better done than ever before.
The Fire Box has the Perforated Iron Lin
ings and cannot, burn out.
EVERY STOVE WARRANTED, and for
sale by
W. H. GOODRICH & 80N,
265 Broad street,
janl2-3m Augusta, Ga.
Choice Family Groceries,
B’laittalioii Supplies
Tubs, Chorus. Bucket -, Measures
Hair anil straw Brooms, Dusters, Brushes
Baskets of all kinds
Boots and shnee.
We invite the attention of tke Citizens
of Augusta am] Vicinity to our new Fall
*-u|i(>lie of the above Goods.
AH of which arc of Good Quality.
Fresh Supplies received Weekly.
JVS. O. BAILIK& BROTH Kit.
sep36 6m
BANKING OFFICE
OF
HOYT & GARDNER,
NO. 5 NEW STREET, NEW YORK.
nE consolidation of the GOVERNMENT
BOARD, the REGULAR BOARD and the
OPEN BOARD OF BROKERS, under the
name of THE NEW YORK STOCK EX
CHANGE. gives increased facilities to the firm
of HOYT <te GARDNER in the transaction of
the Commission Business in GOLD, BONDS,
STOCKS and STERLING EXCHANGE.
They are represented in the Gold Exchange
Room by their Mr. Hoyt, and have two scats
in the New York Stock Exchange, where
faithful attention is given to orders in Govern
ment Securities, State and City, Railroad and
Miscellaneous Bonds and Stocks. They are
also represented in the New York Mining
Stock Board, where Southern Securities arc
regularly called. To these special attention is
given.
Gold, Governments, Stocks and Bonds,
bought aud cairied, and sold short, on mar
gins. Interest allowed on margins. Interest
allowed on deposits of Gold at the rate of 4 per
cent., aud of Currency at the rate of 6 per cent.,
I subject to Bight Check.
Banks, Brokers and Merchants are iuvited to
open account with us.
All orders by Mail or Telegraph promptly
executed.
MARGINS REQUIRED.—On Gold, 5 per
cent, ou the par of Gold ; on Stocks and Bonds,
10 per cent, od the par value; on Govern
ments, 5 per cent, on their par value.
COMMISSIONS.—On Gold, 1-16 of one per
cent.; on Governments, 1-16 of one per cent.;
on Stocks and Bonds called at the New York
Stock Exchange, % of 1 per cent ;-on all other
Securities, %of one per cent; on Sterling Ex
change, of one per cent.
T. A. HOYT,
Vice-President Gold Exchange and Member N. Y
-Stock Exchange.
JAMES GARUNER,
Formerly of Georgia.
WM. F. OWENS,
Member N. Y. Stock Exchange and Mining Stock
Board.
deel-d3aw*c2m
Southern Mutual Insurance Company
The attention of the Patrons of this Com
pany is called to the following order, passed at
a recent meeting of theJJoard of Directors, viz :
“ Ordered, That the Agents of this Com
pany be authorized to redeem with Cash the
outstanding Dividend Scrip of this Company,
from 1 to 9, inclusive, (paying only 25 per cent,
of the nominal value of No. 7, in accordance
with an order of the Annual Convention of
1868,) and also to receive for Premiums Scrip
No. 10 and 11.”
Scrip No. 11, declared on the profits of the
year eudlng May 1, 1869, now ready for de
livery. F. PHINIZY & CO.,
Agents.
Augusta, Ga., January 1,1870.
janll-6
Ni E"W ADVERTISEMENTS
WE WILL OFFER FOR A SHORT TIME,
Upon Our Bargain. Counters,
_AT TIIE PRICES NAMES, THE FOLLOWING GOODS:
fA Z id™ P ch N *
“■ worth 60 ceot,.
Air rn™ tln Finish, at 25 coats, worth 65 cents
PURS af $3 50 per worth $5 to *6* 5 ° Ceatß ‘
c4 U eaT y C at L ° AKb * SHAWLB and ARABS at about Half Price.
. V". Hicliai*cis 33ros’,
=-^ an FREDERICKSBURG STORE
THE BALL IN MOTION!
0
Declining Gold is Maying its Effect!
S3SEHSTQ- IS BELIE VHnsTGI,
AND IP YOU WISH TO BELIEVE, CALL AT
THE FREDERICKSBURG STORE,
As WE, FOR A SHORT TIME, INTEND OFFERING FOR CASH A LARGE
portion of our stock of DItY GOODS at prices which, in comparison to their real
value, will look as if we wished to GIVE THE GOODS AWAY
We will commence by placing upon sale, this morning, at these Very Low Prices,
our entire assortment of FANCY DRESS GOODS, CLOAKS, CLOAKING CLOTHs',
SHAWLS, ARABS and FURS, and if you wish to Secure Bargains, come without
delay, for again the FREDERICKSBURG STORE will hum as a BEE HIVE, and be
the dispenser of such bargains as will make it pleasant to be there and see, as well as
purchase.
Come often and come every day, as new attractions will be added as fast as the
goods can be arranged and marked.
V. RICHARDS & BROS,
—■ ianl '— l CORNER BY THE PLANTERS’ HOTEL. *
. CLAGHORN, HERRING & CO.,
Cotton S’actors and Commission Merchants,
ACQU&IA, ga.,
CHARLESTON, S. C., AND PHILADELPHIA, PA.
LOCKH E ART £ DEMrCTIR m -2roSpS“'S“ D ! 0
Agents for sale of SHEETINGS, SHIRTINGS, STRIPES, YARNS, &c.
Whann’s Superphosphate*,
THE GREAT FERTILIZER FOR ALL CROPS.
We refer to all who have used it.
We recommend it as fcfng FULLY EQUAL TO ANY FERTILIZER ever Intro
auced into this country.
For sale by
Claghorn, Herring & Cos.
ETIWAN GUANOS,
SOLUBLE MANURES,
AND
SULPHURIC 1 ACID,
MANUFACTURED AT CHARLESTON,
L_J NDER THIS DIRECTION OF Dr. N. A PRATT CHFMIRT VOB Tnv am ddut>,
ACID AND sUI’ER-PHOSPH ATE COMPAN Y ’ T FOR THE BU LPHURIO
DISSOLVED BONe'phSh ATFM f " rm f Ot ,?° UI A LE p H“SPHATE OF LIME or
oliu-i 0 ,? 118 01 , Guanos which were discovered in 1867, in South Cur
as a FcaiHre P /W r ’ S V D l "' lv Insolu,,le p t ,n9 Phatc of Lime, which is made available
18 a Fertilize! by being ground to powder, and reduced by Sulphuric Acid to such h cnnHitin*
as to make its insoluble phosphate aoliible in water, and thus made capable of b in ' taken nn
hb' nho«Mh .rM t h h , C Phosphine ro. k. Tnc greater the proport nl this «n| u -
nm.n. h iv H- h ', :r l ' Zt ‘ r l '° liu,n8 ’ ,he U>c quality required per .acre, and eonse
qu-nlly the cheapest Fertilizer i, that containing t!ie liighe t n-r ceuuge ol Soluble Phosphite
PS Jv ? reßßed Wlt a truths - lh « SULPHURIC \CID AND SUPERPHOdPHA I'E COM
EA have erected at Charleston the first extensive Acid Ch unbers soutn ofßilliinore and
r fiirp offe , r lo P lilßte, ' s the HIGHEST PER C’EN PAGE OF SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE OF
LIME known in any market.
Their Fertilizers are offered under two forms :
, E , Tl i V ,^ N ’ No. I.—PURE SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE, guaranteed to contain 24 per cent
of Dissolved Bone Phosphate of Lime.
f TIWAN No. 2 -PERUVIAN SUPER-PHOSPHATE, gaaranteed to contain 20 per
cent, of Dissolved Bone Phosphate, and IK to 3 percent, of Ammonia, with a snfflrient addi
tion of Peruvian Guano to adapt uto all crops.
WE ALSO OFFER
DISSOLVED BONE, of high grade, for Planters or Manufacturers, who may desire to
mix uto any other compost, and we suggest that this is the best and cheapest method for ,n,n
utHClu-ers to transport the Su'phuric Acid contained in the mixture. Will be sold at a fixed
rate for each per centage. u
STOVALL & ROWLAND,
Jin.M2w.cl,!. A< * Ei,T3 « AUGUSTA, GA.
1.1 ran mi no,
DISSOLVED HONES,
Land Plaster,
lion insii m
o-
Purity of all articles sold by us guaranteed.
Refer to the prominent Planters of Georgia.
JOTTJNT
* . Baltimore.
decl4-2md*c
