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About Tri-weekly constitutionalist. (Augusta, Ga.) 18??-1877 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 14, 1870)
CONSTITUTIONALIST. AUGUSTA. GhA. FRIDAY MORNING. JAN. 14,1870 Notes on the Railway Situation in Geor gia. NUMBER 111. Editors Telegraph and Messenger': I en deavored to show in my last article what ■was the Railway System in Georgia as de vised by our fathers, and as it existed up to the close of the war. The prime object of our railway projectors and of the Legis lature was to adopt a system which, while it opened up communications between the South Atlantic and the Northwest, and also with the Gulf of Mexico and the low er Mississippi, should, at the same time, render the greatest possible aid to our own people in transacting their local business and in developing their local resources and attracting trade and visitors to our cities and ports. The system of intercommuni cation finally settled upon was not adopted at once, or by a single body of men, nor was it the suggestion of any one mind. — Hon. A. H. Chappell, then of Macon, as a delegate to the Knoxville and Macon Con ventions, had more to do in defeating tne Charleston and Cincinnati connections, probably, and in starting and projecting our State Road than any one man, and Mr. Jere Cowles, also of Macon, took a leading part in the purchase of the old Monroe Railroad, and in originating and pushing forward the Southwestern Railroad, as well as In other important railway enterprises. But, as has been already indicated, the sys tem finally settled upon vyas the work of no one man, nor of any one body of men, but was the result of the combined thought and Wisdom of the State —controlled in part by the physical features of the country, and by a spirit of compromise between rival routes and communities. The railway system thus prepared and adopted, and existing up to 1865, as stated in my last article, consisted of the follow ing roads: For connecting the South At lantic States with the Tenneseee, the Ohio and the Mississippi, and tlie Northwest generally, we had the Central, the Macon and Western, the South Carolina and Georgia roads, leading from the sea at Sa vannah and Charleston to Atlanta, and the State Road from thence to the Tennessee river, and other lines leading from the Ten nessee to the Ohio and Mississippi. For connecting the South Atlantic with the Gulf of Mexico and the lower Mississippi, we had the Atlantic and Gulf, the Central and Southwestern, and ffitTßonth Carolina, Georgia, and Atlanta and West Point roads, which, by placing us in direct com munication with the Chattahoochee river and Alabama roads, opened up to us the States washed by the Gulf and enclosing the rich delta of the Mississippi. These splendid lines of intercommunication, with the Athens and Washington and Thomas ton side roads, the Augusta and Savannah Road, the Milledgeville and Eatonton Road, the Rome Road, the Georgia and East Tennessee Road, the Warrentou Road —all regarded as branch roads rather than as independent lines—and the Macon and Brunswick Road, then in its infancy, and but little prospect of being finished for many years, if at all, constituted the rail way system iu Georgia on the first day of June, 1865. These roads, it was believed, were equal to the necessities of the people at the time, and by judicious development and exten sion, could be made to answer all their wants iu future. The road from Macon to Hawk'insville, and vtlie road from Bruns wick up to the Atlantic and Gulf Road, It was believed by the friends of the old rail road system, while resting at these points, were judicious additions to that system, but whether the extension of these short lines until they met, and whether the extension of the Warrentou branch road beyond Sparta, and especially to Milledgeville and Macon, will prove a benefit to Macon In the end, remains to be seen. But more upon this point hereafter. Let us here resume our historical review of the railroads in Georgia. In doing this, It is not necessary to my' purpose to give au account of the many charters granted by the Legislature, from time to time, to build railways in almost every part of the State, and to connect our rivers by canals, and to construct plank roads—a sort of mania which seems to have afflicted our people some eighteen or twenty years ago. It need only be stated here, that the Cen tral Road was completed October 13, 1843. The Macon and Western Road was comple ted iu 1846. The State Road was not. extended to the Tennessee until some time thereafter. I am not informed as to the precise time when the Georgia Road was finished to Atlanta, but it reached that im portant point in advance of the Macon and Western Road. There was, from the beginning, a strong feeling of rivalry between the Charleston and Augusta, and the Savannah and Macon route to the Northwest and the Gulf of Mexico. The Macon and Savannah inte rest was victorious in its efforts to defeat the Charleston and Cincinnatti connection, as well as in its efforts to have the route from the sea to the Northwest to pass diagonally across the State—the Augusta interest leaning to a more direct connection by an extension of the Athens branch road to the Tennessee at or near Kuoxville. When, therefore, the Georgia Roar} reach ed Atlanta, and the Central reached Macon, this feeling manifested itself afresh in the efforts of these rival roads to extend their connection to the Chattahoochee and the Gulf. Soon after the completion of the Central Road, President Cuyler arranged for a close connection with Charleston and Wilmington by Brooks and Raideu’s line of steamers, and for as close a connection as could then lie made between Macon and Montgomery by a line of stage coaches. It was considered important to provide the means for the carriage of passengers, for the westward, beyond Macon, and the establishment of a proper stage line by private enterprise being hopeless, it was believed that without a daily conveyance on the route to New Orleans, Savannah aud Macon could not expect a fair portion of the through travel; and hence the stage line from Macon westward was provided by the Central Company at a heavy ex pense. The object of the movement was to enable a passenger upon his arrival at Charleston by the Wilmington boat, to take the route by Savannah and Macon, and reacli Montgomery, and consequently New Orleans, as soon as he could by the route via Augusta to •Covington, and the stage line from thence to Montgomery. It will be found, as we advance, that this feeling of rivalry has shown itself on other occasions, to the benefit of neither the Georgia nor Central Hoads, but to the in jury of both. I allude now to the exten sion of the Warrenton branch to Macon. This road will benefit, to some extent, the trade of Augusta, but there are many reasons for believing that it will in an equal degree injure the trade of Macon and Savauuah, and that it will certainly take business from the Central and Georgia Roads, aud especially from the. latter. The Central, Georgia, Macou and West ern and State Railroads were some of them nearly ten years in building, aud others still longer. The last one of these roads were built at the public expense; the other three by private enterprise, as were the Southwestern and the Atlanta and West Point roads. At this time such a road as the Ceutral, 191 miles in length, could be built easily in two years. Thirty-five years ago, however, railways were in their in fancy ; our territory was sparsely populat ed ; the people were comparatively poor, as well as ignorant of the benefits of iron roads and the advantages of associated capital and effort, and the Indians held no incon siderable portion of onr domain. The Cen tral, Georgia, and Macon and Western roads were built under the greatest possible dis advantages, and were completed only after the roost laborious work, the hardest strug gle and most persistent effort. Their pro jectors, founders and builders deserve greater honor from the people of Georgia than any other class of men. Others may throw up their hats to politicians and mili tary chieftains, but I prefer to recount the praises of such peaceful heroes as Gordon, C'pyler, Reynolds and Wadiey, Dearing, King and Thomson, Griffin, Chappell and Scott, Alexander, Cowles and Screven, Howard, Foote and Griffin, Long, Garrett and Mitchell, and their coadjutors and sup porters. These men have erected a monu ment to themselves more lasting than brass, smd at the same time have conferred unnum- bered blessings upon the generations who are to come after them. They and their colaborers and immediate successors did their work well and wisely ; and we should allow no such petty matter as local jealousy or personal spite or mercenary ambition to avail itself of these troublous times to break up and derange the wise and beneficent system of internal improvements bequeath ed to us by those clear-headed and large hearted men. The reader may form some idea of the character of the struggle through which these early railway workers passed when he is informed that the stock of the Central Railroad, as late as 1845, nearly two years after its completion .brought only S2O a share. All of these roads and their connections were projected by ourowu peo ple, and built by their own hands, and paid for by their own hard-earned money and honest sweat, and they are now owned almost entirely by Georgians and the widows and orphans of Georgians. When we recall our system of railways and remember how these roads were con structed, and the labor and money they have cost, and the persons to whom they belong, it would seem that our law makers could not exercise too much care and pru dence when they come to legislate upon an interest so vast and important. But returning for a moment to the rail way system as set forth above, it will be found, by reference to the map, that it was susceptible of easy development to any de sirable extent. Under that system, a car starting from Savannah or Chattanooga, could run to any other point in the State reached by a railroad. As early as 1859 there was a railroad running through 71 of the 132 counties in the State, and in several instances there were two railroads through a county. The greater part of 44 other counties were within twenty-five miles of a railroad, and there were at the time just mentioned only seventeen counties in the whole State which were not within twenty five miles of a railroad then already built, or soon to be built. But further: The counties in Northeast ern Georgia, which had fewer railway fa cilities than any other part of the State, could have been easily and naturally reach ed, without injury to the Georgia Road, by the extension of the Washington branch to Elberton and Hartwell, and by the ex tension of the Athens branch to Clarksville or Dahlouega, or by the present Air-Line Railroad. Other counties in Northern and Northwestern Georgia could have been aided by side lines thrown off at con venient points from the State Road with out any damage to the latter, just as Southwestern Georgia had been penetrated and relieved by the Southwestern Road and its admirably located branch lines. The counties on either side of the Central, Ma con and Western and Georgia Road3 could have been reached In. the same safe and satisfactory way without hurt to any in terest, while all Southwestern Georgia and Northern Florida could have had every needed facility afforded them by short lat eral roads running out from the great At lantic and Gulf Trunk Road. The natural field for this latter road is the southern tier of counties in this State, the northern tier of counties in Florida, and the counties in Southwestern Alabama, with such trade as would naturally flow down to it through the Altamaha, the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers. When it passes beyond this wide field, it comes in conflict with old and mer itorious Hues, to the injury of all of them. Indeed, these great railway trunk lines may be analogized by the Mississippi and its tributaries. These tributaries drain a vast region of country not reached by the river itself, and the produce floated down there to the Mississippi, finds its natural and easy outlet by the father of waters to the sea. So with the railroad system devised by our predecessors. By throwing offside lines, at convenient poiuts on the trunk roads, they could be made to answer every purpose subserved by the tributaries to the Mississippi.. Every sec tion of the State might be penetrated and a cheap aud expeditious communication opened up to the people and their produce. The streams of trade and travel, taking the rise in the mountains and remote parts of the State, would gradually grow and swell in volume until they reached the main lines, into which they would pour their rich and varied contributions, to be transported still more cheaply and expe ditiously to the great centres and marts of trade. All this could have been done without disturbing the system bequeathed to tfs by our fathers, and without injury to the work of our own hands, and without depreca ting the values of the property of oar peo ple, especially the poor pittance still re maining to the helpless widows and or phans of our blackened and blood-stained land. llistoricus. [From the New York Tribune. The Sunken Iron-clads. CHARLESTON HARBOR TO BE CLEARED OF TIIF. WRECKS —HOW THE WORK IS TO BE DONE. A corporation of enterprising gentlemen of this citv, kuown as the “ Monitor Wrecking Company,” of which Mr. B. T. Benton is President, has been awarded by the Treasury Department the contract for raising the wrecks now lying in Charles ton harbor. Among these are the Keokuk, Weehawken and Patapsco, iron-clads, and the Housatonic store ship, besides a large number of others of less importance.— Store ships, blockade runners, torpedo boats, vessels of every known variety, fit ted for war or peace, are found by the divers, strewn over the bottom of this har bor. Probably there is not at present an other place in the world where so many submerged wrecks are collected in so small a space. The harbor is formed by the junc tion of the Ashley and Cooper rivers, which here continue to empty their waters into the ocean. Across the entrance, seven miles below the city, a sand bar stretches from Sullivan’s to Morris Island. On this bar the Government stone fleet of sixteen vessels was sunk in 1861, with the inten tion of rendering the entrance impassable, but as the river current soon hollowed out a channel on the other side as good as the first, it did not materially impede naviga tion. This bar renders the harbor inac cessible to large vessels except at high tide, and dangerous at all times; but the explanation of the wrecks “ which all around with fragments strew the sea” is not to be found in this, but in those gigan tic conflicts of which these quiet waters were not long ago the sceue. The Keokuk, the first iron ship ever sunk in battle, was a double tnrretted iron-clad, built by Mr. Whitney, of this city. On the morning of the 7th of August, 1863, she brought up the rear of that tremendous ar mada of nine vessels which steamed up Charleston harbor to attack the rebel strong hold. The ill-fated Weehawken, on whose stout ribs the worms now feed near by, lead ing the attack. The odds were terrific ; a fleet, mounting 32 guns, against forts mount ing 300. The attack continued through the day. The Keokuk bore the brunt of the fight, advancing within a ‘tew hundred feet of Fort Sumter, and receiving no less than ninety of the heaviest shot. Her hull, at water mark, showed nineteen shot holes. She was kept through up the night only by plugging and continual pumping, and went down next morning, with flying, abreast of Morris Island, where she now lies. The Patapsco—monitor—was sunk by a torpedo, which tore an immense hole in her bottom, and the Housatonic, store ship, met the same fate. The loss of the Weehawken will be re membered by many from the sad tragedy atteuding it, lour engineers aud twenty-six seamen haviug been earned down in her. She suuk at her auchorage on the 6th of December, 1863. It was asserted at the time that the forward hatch was open, and the continuous stream poured in by the high waves washing over the bow deck weighed her head down before the crew, who were aft, knew anything of it, so that she sank before they could escape. This seems the best explanation, though it has been declared improbable, and even impos sible, by the surviving officers. All efforts to raise the vessels have prov ed unsuccessful. Mr. Whitney expended three years’ labor and a fortune in endeav oring to raise the Keokuk, but without avail, and Mr. Benton has lost a great deal in the futile attempt which he has made during the last three seasons to float the Weehawken. His plan was to run a huge iron cylinder down to the top of the turret, to make it air-tight at the joint, and pump the vessel out through it. The plan would probably have succeeded, but just at the time when the machinery was all erected and an iron cylinder 31 feet in diameter and 30 feet high had been successfully join ed to the turret, a storm came up and washed the whole structure away, the men barely escaping with life. Even if it were possible to raise these vessels whole, they have uow been so long submerged that the destructive worms which abound iu those waters have eaten away the wood work so that it has scarce ly enough strength left to hold together, and in many parts, if a piece is hooked on to it, comes away from the rotten hull without any perceptible resistance. Under these circumstances, the Government has wisely concluded that it is inexpedient to attempt raising the vessel whole, and the present contract merely looks to the pre servation of their undestroyed metallic Darts. The method pursued will be to blast out pieces and raise them by machine ry. Much of the machinery used by the Wrecking Company in their former at tempts still remains, and can be used for this oppose. The mines will be laid by submarine divers, with the assistance of sand-pumps removing 6,000 gallons per minute, for use where the vessels are par tially covered with shifting sand, which is often the case. After the blast the divers will descend with chains, fasten them to the disjointed portions —disjesta membra —and at a signal they will be hoisted away. The powerful hoisting machinery is a great steam scow built for the purpose, and the fragments are deposited by it on other scows, also constructed specially for that use. The machinery is capable of hoisting over forty tons, a single pair of “blocks and falls” used weighing 2,700 pounds. An idea of the .value of the metals con tained In all these vessels may be got from the following inventory of that in the store ship Hoasaton;c, which is not an iron-clad, but a wcoden screw stegmer: Pounds. Cast iron works 224,357 Wrought-iron works 81,152 Brass 115,586 * Coal bunkers 70,450 Chimney 10,660 Blowing engines 10,520 Starboard boiler 101,600 Fort boiler 88,800 Donkey boiler 16,900 Coffee pipes 9,220 Beside the metals, it is expected that valuable cargoes will be lound on some of the blockade runners, such as cotton and other things which withstand the action of the water a long time. The contract will include these, as it covers everything of value sunk within the limits of the harbor. Mr. Benton will commence operations about the Ist of March. [From the Hartford Titnt-s. Little’s Automatic System of Telegraphy. The National Telegraph Company of New York, anew institution, sends out a pamphlet announcing that it has secured all the patents and rights of “Little’s auto matic system of fast telegraphy.” In the pamphlet is a letter from D. 11. Craig, Esq., late General Agent of the New Yorx Asso ciated Press, giving an account of the in vention and its advantages. It is claimed that by the new system as much business can be done with one wire as with ten wires on the Morse plan, and atooe-half the cost. “ This assertion lias»been tested,” says the pamphlet, “ on a telegraph circuit of over two thousand miles long.” Aud to demon strate to the country the truth of this as sertion, the new company have, they say, “commenced constructing a line conuect ing New York with Washington.” They have a capital of ten millions of dollars, and all of the stock, It Is asserted, has been taken. How much has been paid in we arc not informed. There are 70.000 miles of telegraph line iu this country, with 130,000 miles of wire— all on the Morse plan. Between the larger cities it requires from eight to ten wires to do the business, aud between Boston and Washington there are thirty wires. It is claimed that under the uew system, one wire will do all the work, except on the line between Bostou and Washington, and that three, and probably two, will lie able to do all the busiuess there. It would now cost to construct the 70,000 miles with 130,000 miles of wire, and fully equip the line, at least twenty millions ot clollars, under the present or Morse system. The new system, it is claimed, can be put in full operation over the same distance for four million five hundred thousand dollars, or for about one-fifth the cost of the Morse system. In 1845 Bain first invented the automatic telegraph. Though considerable work was done by his invention, it did not fully suc ceed. Little’s invention is founded on Bain’s idea, but it is claimed is an improve ment upon it, as great indeed as the steam locomotive is above the stage coach in speed and capacity. The operation of the Little automatic machine is described as follows : A ribbon of paper is perforated by a machine with characters it is proposed to transmit. The transmitting instrument is a magnetic engine or motor of the usual construction, with a governor to keep its speed uniform. The receiving machine is essentially the same. A ribbon of paper, perforated, is placed upon a roller, aud the engine is set in motion by a two-cup bat tery, a wheel with a platinum edge or pen, constructed like a brush, is made to press upou the paper, and the connection of the wires is such that, in traversing the spaces punctured oat of the paper ribbon, a current is sent upon the line, while, when travers ing the paper itself, the current is broken, the paper being a non-conductor. At the receiving station, a paper chemically pre pared, and of a very sensitive nature, is used, so that the least current transmitted will, by decomposing the elements used in preparing the paper, have traced upon it in bold black characters an exact sac simile of the characters perforated at the trans mitting station. Mr. Ge<* It. Hicks, General Agent of the Associated Press at Cleveland, Ohio, has made experiments with this plan, aod he says “ the results obtained by this method are surprising; and I have seen experiments which show that there will be no difficulty in sending to or dropping copies at any number of offices at the same time, upon a single wire.” The batteries used may be much weaker than those required by the Morse plan. Mr. Hicks declares that 200 words per minute can be transmitted by the Little invention, through a circuit of 2,000 miles, and over one wire. The messages can tie prepared for transmission bygirlsor boys at the rate of 800 words per hour by a single girl, and twenty or more if necessary may be preparing messages, or set to work upon a single message all at the same time. Mr. Craig claims that persons receiving a large number of words dally will learn to translate the telegraphic characters, thus saving the expense of copying, and in thi -i way get a message of 150 words for 25 cents. Mr. Craig adds: “ It is within the truth to say that the automatic system is a thousand fold better than the Morse for serving a great number of offices at one writing. Indeed, it would be entirely practicable, by the automatic system, for the agent of the press to trans mit from the office in New York, over a single wire, 200 words per minute, to every city, and into every newspaper office in every city and town in the Union, at one writing, with as much certainty and ease as he uow sends through one of the West ern Union Company’s wires, at the rate of fifteen words per minute, between New York and Washington.” All this will be verified or proved a fail ure, when the wi res are put up from New York to Washington by the National Com pany. A practical test in regular business will settle it. Jewish Immigration. —It is announced that during the current year about one thou sand Jewish families will immigrate from Russia, Prussia and Austria to this country under the direction of the Central Commit tee of the Alliance Israelite at Konigsber" Most of these people have been outraged by the Government officials of Russia, and they wdl enjoy and appreciate the toleration of our land to a great degree, without doubt. Counterfeit Conspiracy. —A man named Houston King, in Kentucky, has revealed an astounding plot of Andrew Johnson, Governor Hoffman, Senator Mor gan and F. P. Blair, to flood the country with counterfeit money and break down the credit of the Government. King claims to be a Confederate colonel of artillery The authorities think him crazy. Dr. Alexander S. Dillon, of Prince Ed ward, died recently, at his residence, near Farmville, Va. He was the son of Edward Dillon, deceased, the intimate friend and correspondent of John Randolph. Georgia state .Loeterv. FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE Orphan’s Ht/rm- and Free School, Jne following were the drawn number*, in the bup plementary Selieme, drawn at Augusta, Georgia/- MORNING DRAWING-Class 21. aa 38 11 33 l 78 6* 31 15 76 4 67 6 43 33 15 Drawn Numbers. EVENING DRAWING—CIass 22. l 1 31 „ 35 46 ** »» 13 53 378 12 Drawn Numbets. janU-1 SPECIAL NOTICES. SOCIAL LODGE, No. 1, F.\ and A.*. M.*.— The Regular Monthly Communication of Social Lodge, No. 1, will be held at Maaonic Hall, THIS (Friday) EVENING, at 7 o’clock. By order ol S. D. Heard, W.\ M.\ WM. H. CRANK, Jr., janlll Secretary. CHARLOTTE, COLUMBIA AND AUGUSTA RAILROAD. Augusta, Ga., January 12th, 1870. On and after THURSDAY, January is*, - and until further notice, the Freight Actommodaribn Train on IhU Road will run as follows : TRAINS NORTH. Leave Augusta i.4:15,p. m. Arrive at ColumUa! a m TRAINS SOUTH. Leave Columbia p m Arrive at Augusta • -39 a> Shippers are notified that their Freight must be in Depot by 12, m., to Insure shipment on that day. j ’.nl3-4 W T. WILLIAM -t. Atrem. AUGUSTA - AND SUMMERVILLE RAILROAD. ALL ORDERS for CITY TRANSPORTATION of FREIGHT will receive prompt attention if ieft at the Office of Geo. T. Jackson & Cos., No. 47 Jack son street, M. J. VERDERY, SPECIALNOTICE. RICHMOND BUPERIOR COURT TO BE AD JOURNED.—Parties, Attorneys, Jurors and Wit nesses, are hereby notified that the January Term of Richmond Superior Court has been adjourned to MONDAY, tlie 7th day o* FEBRUARY, 1870. The Jurors summoned for the first w ek of he Court will be required to attend at raid time. Tlie Jurors for the second week of Court, on the second Monday in February, the 14th; and the Jurots forthe third week on the third Monday in Febtuary, it, being the 2Rt day of said month- WM. GIBSON, Judge Superior Court, Middle Circuit. Attest: E. M. Bratton, Clerk. janll-ll,l2jan*Steb CITY TAX NOTICE. Office Clerk of Coatiicit. C Augusta, Ga., January 10th, 1870. } All persons liable for City Taxes (except there wbo are required to make Quarterly Returns,) are hereby notified that the City Tax Digest for 1870 is now open at this office, aud'will remain open until the first day of MARCH NEXT, by witch time all re turns must be made. All those .who fail to return by that time will he reported for donbie taxation ; and, in addition, be subject to a fine of not less than Tea Dol lars per day for each-day of such failure. Office Hours—Daily fom 9 o’clock, a. m . to 2 o’clock, p. in. C’undays excepted.) L. r. BLOME, '• janll-tmarl Clerk of Council. just our. CHERRY PECTORAL TROCHES, superior to all others for Colds, Coughs, Sore Throat, Bronchitis and Hoarseness. None so pleasant. None cure so quick. Manufactured by RUBHTON A CO., Astor House, New York. No more of those horrible tasted, nauseating Brown Cuheb things. \ For sale by W. H. TUTT & LAND at Proprietors’ Pricc3. jau6-dtc3m uar IMPORTANT.—THOSE WHO HAVE attained to the greatest eminence in the science of Medicine, an J who have by a life long study of, and experience with, the human brganism, obtained great Insight into the orig n and pathology of disease, are yet, notwithstanding all tlieir profound and leaned theories, confessedly groping iu the dark as to the firtt Cause of any and aH diseases that affect our rape, jfiut this much has been clearly elucidated, and IB Uwßme an axiom with the learned profession, that by far the greatest number of our ailcr cuts are directly treceable to derangement of the digestive functions, and If “good digestion wait on appetite, - ’ health will be the almost uuiform result. Acting npon this axiom, tbe iuventor of DR. HURLEY’S CELEBRATED STOMACH BITTERS has been eminently success ful (judging fro-" the many testimonials that are con stantly pouring in upon bim through the mail- and press), in preparing.* remedy to meet and “ nip in the bud” all this long list of obscure and distressing de rangements that r- nder “ life scarce worth the We are glad to learn that the public here are be ginning to appreciate these BITTERS upon their in trinsic merits, and that they can be had everywhere. Be 3 advertisement in another column. dec2s-eodlf Ordinary’s Office, Richmond County, ? AcavsTi, Janaary 7, 1870. \ A meeting of the Board of Education will he held at this office, on SATURDAY, the IMh inst, at 3 o’clock, p. m., for renewal of Certificates and er&ml nation of Teachers for the year 1870. H. W. HILLIARD, Commissioner 8. E. SAMUEL LEVY r janß-td Ordinary. Georgia Railroad and Banking C 0.,? Augusta, January Bh, 1870. $ DIVIDEND NO. 52—A dividend of Fooa Doi.- lass per share bas'been declared, payable on and af ter the 20Ui inst J. MILLIGAN, janß-t2l Cashier. m Grand SI,OOO Raffle ! 200 CHANCES, AT $5 A CHANCE. 20 ELEGANT PRIZES! Which go to the Ten Highest and Ten Lowest » Winners, respectively. The Prizes are now on exhibition in onr windows. Lists can be foaud with us and G. Volger & Cos., under Globe Hotel. ' FREEMAN BROTHERS, j:»ul2-6 312 Broad street The celebrated IMITATION GOLD HUNTING WATCHES, ‘‘O 'llina M.taY’ (Improvd Orode.) These justly celebrated Watches h»v« been* eo thoroughly tested during the last tour years, and their remit ti ion for time and as imitations .of Gold Watches, is a > well established as to require no re commendations. Prices—Horizontel Watches, |lO, equal iti appearance and for time to Gold Watches worth $100; Full .Jeweled Levers, sls, equal to-$l5O Gold oues; Full Jew, led Levers, extra fine and supe rior finish. S2O, equal to S2OO Gold one*. We have just commenced making a very flue Ame rican Watch, full jeweled, Patqnt lJever, chronometer ba'atice, adjusted to boat, cold and positish, I'A ounces down weight, equal in appearance and for time to a Gold Watch cost inst $250 W e charge only S2S for these magnificent Watches All our watches in hunting cases, Gents’ Mill Ladies’ sizes, chains, Collins Metal, $2 to SB. Also, all kinds of Jewejfy, equal to gold, at one-tenth the price. CALIFORNIA DIAMONDS, set in gold. . We are now making Jewelry of the California Dia monds. These are real stones of great brilliancy and hardness, and cannot be distinguished from the gen uine stones, even by good judges. They are pariicu iarly brilliant at bight by artificial light, do not scratch or become dull by use, and retain their brilliancy for an indefinite time. The following are the prices: Ladies’ and Gent’s Finger Rings, single stones, one karat weight $5 each Gents’Pins, single stone, according to tire site of the stone ~...54t05e Ladies' Cluster fins #7 50 Ladios’ Cluster Ear Rings 00 TO CLUBS.—Where six Watches are ordered at one time, we send a seventh Watch free. Goods sent by express to be paid for on delivery. O. K. COLLINS & CO-, nov2-3m No. 335 Broadway, New York. FOR RENT, One HUNDRED ACRES of First Qually COTTON LAND, within a mile of the CHy Hall, if applied lor within a week- Apply at THIS OFFICE] janlS-6* ROOMS. ! _A_ VERY Desirable Suite of ROOMS, win BOARD, can be had at once. Apply at THIS OFFICE. jan!3-3 New .A.dvertisemenfs » Hardware, Cullen, V f ■ Stoves, Tin and Wood Ware* WILLIAM HILL Begs to announce to Ms old friends and customers, and the citizens of Augusta and vicinity, that he has Removed his business from Hamburg, S. C., to the Store, 193 Broad street, Augusta, G i., next door above the Con stitutionalist Office, where he has a full stock of HARDWARE, consisting of— AXES, HOES, SPADES, SHOVELS MANURE FORKS, RAKES BLACKSMITH TOOLS BAR IRON, STEEL, NAILS HORSE and MULE SHOES OVENS, POTS and SPIDERS HINGES, SCREWS POCKET and TABLE CUTLERY SAWS, AUGURS, CHISELS, &e., &c. ALSO, WOODEN WARE, such as BUCKETS, TUBS, CHURNS, PAILS, &c. COOKING STOVES, of various patterns of model p make, a:id warranted to cook well; *:m», HFATING STOVES. « He also offers a full assortment of TIN WARE, which he manufactures in all its varie ties, at wholesale and retail. TIN aud SHEET IRON MANUFXCTURED to order, and job bing promptly done in be6t manner. I respectfully solicit a share of public pa tronage. WILLIAM HILL, janH-tf 193 Broad street, Augusta, Ga. THE WATT PLOW. TiUS PLOW has established, wherever it has been used, a reputation unprecedent ed in the history of inventions as FALLOW, SUBSOIL, DITCHING and CULTIVATING PLOW. It ha3 no rival, being adapted to every va riety of soil and to foul and clean lands without choking. It does the Hoe and P.ow Work at one operation. Certificates and letters of some of the jest planters in the country can be seen at my office. Price of the “ A aud B,” one-horse plow, Deluding oue extra point, wreuch aud Weeding mould board, $7 25. For sale by janl4-d6*clif C. 11. PEINIZY. B§fl Fre&h aud Tender. Mt display of MEATS, on Saturday Morn ing and Evening, will be of unurual excel lence. The best of BEEF, MUTTON, LAMB, VEAL aud P-JRK constantly ou hand aud for sale at moderate rates. JOHN P. FOSTER, jan!4 1 Stall No. 1, Lower Market. BOOK-KEEPING, SINGLE AND DOUBLE ENTRY. Pfuinauship and Arithmetic. WjVL. jVI. pelot, Late Commission Merchant, and Principal Charleston Commercial CMleyt, Chartered, by (he Legislature of South Carolina, and late Principal of Wm. iVI. Pelot’s Commer cial College , Broadway, New York, ”W"ILL DELIVER a COURSE of LEC TURES, and elucidate practically P blot’s Ab breviated Single and Double Entrv System of Book-Keeping and Mercantile Arithmelie, em bracing the old Italian discovery, and all the latest European and American improvements. Students graduate iti a single coarse of one month. New students received daily. Apply for the, present at the MANSION HOUSE, Broad street, Angnata, Ga., from 2 to 4 o’clock, p. m. TKT?TVIB ; Book-Keeping, (Guaranteed Course).. .S3O Penmauship 10 Arithmetic 10 Teetimoma's ot success in Charleston, 8. C., Columbia, S. C, Camden, 8. C , Edgefield, S 0., Aiken. S. C., Wilmington. N. 0., Charlotte, N. C., Salisbury, N. C.. Newbefoi, N. C., Nor folk, Va., Petersburg, Va., Savannah, Ga., Au gusta, Ga., Colntnbns, Ga , Atlanta, Ga., Mem phis, Team, Chattanooga, Term., Montgomery, Ala., New Orleans, La., and other cities South and West. Also, at Paterson, N. J., and New York City, can be produced from several hun dred gentlemen, comprising Mercbanls, Book- Keepers, Clerks, Bank’Officers, Editors, Mem bers ol the Bar, Physicians, Mechanics, Farm ers and Printers. jan!3-6* To Cotton Manufacturers. WE are making COTTON CANS of large SHEETS of TINNED IRON, 36 inches in one sheet; also, improved by making the Top and Bottom Rings of WROUGHT IRON, made in proper form to prevent cutting floors, «fcc., which render them a perfect and complete Can and at prices which the general introduction of them in the MIDDLE and SOUTHERN STATES. SPINNING FRAMES, CYLINDERS, &c., MADE TO ORDER. We can pack Cans so that any ordinary firm sau put them together with ease, thereby re‘ ducing bulk and saviug freight. Orders solicited and promptly filled. E. MILLS <& SONS, 16 South Calvert street. sepls-2aw6m Baltimore, Md. Valuable Property H' OR SALE CHEAP, or RENT, a three-sto ry BRICK RESIDENCE, with seven rooms. Halls. Porches, &c., centrally located on Greene street, with lot extending through from Greene to Ellis street. Inquire of S. K. JOHNSON, decl6-tf At Georgia R. R. WANTED, PLANTATION of from 200 to 500 acres, convenient to this city or railroads. Mast be well adapted for Cotton and Grain, with Im provements and necessary Woodland. Apply by letter, giving fall description, to decll-tf P. O. BOX NO. 183. Fashionable Dressmaking A. ND all descriptions of SEWING and MACHINE STITCHING executed in the best manner and on the most reasonable terms, by MRS. JOHNSON, Morthwest corner of Broad and Camming streets, up stairs. octl3-wfsu3u GIRARDEi’S OPERA HOUSE TWO NIGHTS ONLY, Wednesday and Thursday, JANUARY 19 AND 20. THE ORIGINAL PEAK FAMILY. Grand Matinee THURSDAY. AT 3. P. M. For the especial accommodation of Schools and Families. Swiss Bell Ringers! The Largest and Oldest Troupe of Bell Ring ers extant! VOCALIBTB, HARPISTS, VIOLINISTB. STAFF BELL PLAYERS, AND SIL VER CORNET BAND. Krerythlug New, Brilliant, Attractive and Unique. Since their last visit they have imported a new set of perfect toned SILVER BELLS, 120 in number. Also, anew Btaff ot 36 Silver Bells and anew double action Erard Harp ; New Bell Music; new Staff Bell Solos ; new Harp Solos ; new Character Songs ; new Band Music, and all the Popular Airs of the day. Cards of Admission, sl. Nothing extra for reserved seats. Tickets for sale at Oates’ Music and Book Store, where seats may be se cured in advance. Admission to Matinee: Adults 50 cents ; all Bchool Children, 25 ccDts. L M. HARRIB, jau!3-7 Business Agent. Peeler Cotton Seed, (Guaranteed pure. Grown by w. f. Alexandeb, Columbus, Ga., (late of Washing ton, Ga.) Apply to JNO. JENKINS, jjnll-2in No. 2 Warren Block. First Prize-Silver (up-at Georgia State Fair. STEWART’S CELEBRATED AIR-TIGHT COOKING STOVE, WITH Dumping Grate. THE STEWART COOKING STOVE, Which has hitherto maintained an acknowl edged superiority over nil eompetitors, is now introduced to the public with the addition of a DUMPING GRATE aud ASH DRAWER. In point of Economy and General Utility, it has been conceded that the Stewart Stove is AHEAD OF ALL OTHERS. Bv this addition of the NEW DUMPING GRATE, the heating surface of the oven is greatly increased, and the capacity of the flues nearly doubled. The Stove can never have a defective draft, and no Uu.t can escape while cU'-aning or dumping the grate. All parts of the oven hake alike. Ttie oven is ventilated in a manner entirely new, and by means of which the oven is more quickly prepared for baking, nod the baking is better done than ever before. The Fire Box has the Perforated Iron Lin ings and cannot, burn out. EVERY STOVE WARRANTED, and for sale by W. H. GOODRICH & 80N, 265 Broad street, janl2-3m Augusta, Ga. Choice Family Groceries, B’laittalioii Supplies Tubs, Chorus. Bucket -, Measures Hair anil straw Brooms, Dusters, Brushes Baskets of all kinds Boots and shnee. We invite the attention of tke Citizens of Augusta am] Vicinity to our new Fall *-u|i(>lie of the above Goods. AH of which arc of Good Quality. Fresh Supplies received Weekly. JVS. O. BAILIK& BROTH Kit. sep36 6m BANKING OFFICE OF HOYT & GARDNER, NO. 5 NEW STREET, NEW YORK. nE consolidation of the GOVERNMENT BOARD, the REGULAR BOARD and the OPEN BOARD OF BROKERS, under the name of THE NEW YORK STOCK EX CHANGE. gives increased facilities to the firm of HOYT <te GARDNER in the transaction of the Commission Business in GOLD, BONDS, STOCKS and STERLING EXCHANGE. They are represented in the Gold Exchange Room by their Mr. Hoyt, and have two scats in the New York Stock Exchange, where faithful attention is given to orders in Govern ment Securities, State and City, Railroad and Miscellaneous Bonds and Stocks. They are also represented in the New York Mining Stock Board, where Southern Securities arc regularly called. To these special attention is given. Gold, Governments, Stocks and Bonds, bought aud cairied, and sold short, on mar gins. Interest allowed on margins. Interest allowed on deposits of Gold at the rate of 4 per cent., aud of Currency at the rate of 6 per cent., I subject to Bight Check. Banks, Brokers and Merchants are iuvited to open account with us. All orders by Mail or Telegraph promptly executed. MARGINS REQUIRED.—On Gold, 5 per cent, ou the par of Gold ; on Stocks and Bonds, 10 per cent, od the par value; on Govern ments, 5 per cent, on their par value. COMMISSIONS.—On Gold, 1-16 of one per cent.; on Governments, 1-16 of one per cent.; on Stocks and Bonds called at the New York Stock Exchange, % of 1 per cent ;-on all other Securities, %of one per cent; on Sterling Ex change, of one per cent. T. A. HOYT, Vice-President Gold Exchange and Member N. Y -Stock Exchange. JAMES GARUNER, Formerly of Georgia. WM. F. OWENS, Member N. Y. Stock Exchange and Mining Stock Board. deel-d3aw*c2m Southern Mutual Insurance Company The attention of the Patrons of this Com pany is called to the following order, passed at a recent meeting of theJJoard of Directors, viz : “ Ordered, That the Agents of this Com pany be authorized to redeem with Cash the outstanding Dividend Scrip of this Company, from 1 to 9, inclusive, (paying only 25 per cent, of the nominal value of No. 7, in accordance with an order of the Annual Convention of 1868,) and also to receive for Premiums Scrip No. 10 and 11.” Scrip No. 11, declared on the profits of the year eudlng May 1, 1869, now ready for de livery. F. PHINIZY & CO., Agents. Augusta, Ga., January 1,1870. janll-6 Ni E"W ADVERTISEMENTS WE WILL OFFER FOR A SHORT TIME, Upon Our Bargain. Counters, _AT TIIE PRICES NAMES, THE FOLLOWING GOODS: fA Z id™ P ch N * “■ worth 60 ceot,. Air rn™ tln Finish, at 25 coats, worth 65 cents PURS af $3 50 per worth $5 to *6* 5 ° Ceatß ‘ c4 U eaT y C at L ° AKb * SHAWLB and ARABS at about Half Price. . V". Hicliai*cis 33ros’, =-^ an FREDERICKSBURG STORE THE BALL IN MOTION! 0 Declining Gold is Maying its Effect! S3SEHSTQ- IS BELIE VHnsTGI, AND IP YOU WISH TO BELIEVE, CALL AT THE FREDERICKSBURG STORE, As WE, FOR A SHORT TIME, INTEND OFFERING FOR CASH A LARGE portion of our stock of DItY GOODS at prices which, in comparison to their real value, will look as if we wished to GIVE THE GOODS AWAY We will commence by placing upon sale, this morning, at these Very Low Prices, our entire assortment of FANCY DRESS GOODS, CLOAKS, CLOAKING CLOTHs', SHAWLS, ARABS and FURS, and if you wish to Secure Bargains, come without delay, for again the FREDERICKSBURG STORE will hum as a BEE HIVE, and be the dispenser of such bargains as will make it pleasant to be there and see, as well as purchase. Come often and come every day, as new attractions will be added as fast as the goods can be arranged and marked. V. RICHARDS & BROS, —■ ianl '— l CORNER BY THE PLANTERS’ HOTEL. * . CLAGHORN, HERRING & CO., Cotton S’actors and Commission Merchants, ACQU&IA, ga., CHARLESTON, S. C., AND PHILADELPHIA, PA. LOCKH E ART £ DEMrCTIR m -2roSpS“'S“ D ! 0 Agents for sale of SHEETINGS, SHIRTINGS, STRIPES, YARNS, &c. Whann’s Superphosphate*, THE GREAT FERTILIZER FOR ALL CROPS. We refer to all who have used it. We recommend it as fcfng FULLY EQUAL TO ANY FERTILIZER ever Intro auced into this country. For sale by Claghorn, Herring & Cos. ETIWAN GUANOS, SOLUBLE MANURES, AND SULPHURIC 1 ACID, MANUFACTURED AT CHARLESTON, L_J NDER THIS DIRECTION OF Dr. N. A PRATT CHFMIRT VOB Tnv am ddut>, ACID AND sUI’ER-PHOSPH ATE COMPAN Y ’ T FOR THE BU LPHURIO DISSOLVED BONe'phSh ATFM f " rm f Ot ,?° UI A LE p H“SPHATE OF LIME or oliu-i 0 ,? 118 01 , Guanos which were discovered in 1867, in South Cur as a FcaiHre P /W r ’ S V D l "' lv Insolu,,le p t ,n9 Phatc of Lime, which is made available 18 a Fertilize! by being ground to powder, and reduced by Sulphuric Acid to such h cnnHitin* as to make its insoluble phosphate aoliible in water, and thus made capable of b in ' taken nn hb' nho«Mh .rM t h h , C Phosphine ro. k. Tnc greater the proport nl this «n| u - nm.n. h iv H- h ', :r l ' Zt ‘ r l '° liu,n8 ’ ,he U>c quality required per .acre, and eonse qu-nlly the cheapest Fertilizer i, that containing t!ie liighe t n-r ceuuge ol Soluble Phosphite PS Jv ? reßßed Wlt a truths - lh « SULPHURIC \CID AND SUPERPHOdPHA I'E COM EA have erected at Charleston the first extensive Acid Ch unbers soutn ofßilliinore and r fiirp offe , r lo P lilßte, ' s the HIGHEST PER C’EN PAGE OF SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE OF LIME known in any market. Their Fertilizers are offered under two forms : , E , Tl i V ,^ N ’ No. I.—PURE SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE, guaranteed to contain 24 per cent of Dissolved Bone Phosphate of Lime. f TIWAN No. 2 -PERUVIAN SUPER-PHOSPHATE, gaaranteed to contain 20 per cent, of Dissolved Bone Phosphate, and IK to 3 percent, of Ammonia, with a snfflrient addi tion of Peruvian Guano to adapt uto all crops. WE ALSO OFFER DISSOLVED BONE, of high grade, for Planters or Manufacturers, who may desire to mix uto any other compost, and we suggest that this is the best and cheapest method for ,n,n utHClu-ers to transport the Su'phuric Acid contained in the mixture. Will be sold at a fixed rate for each per centage. u STOVALL & ROWLAND, Jin.M2w.cl,!. A< * Ei,T3 « AUGUSTA, GA. 1.1 ran mi no, DISSOLVED HONES, Land Plaster, lion insii m o- Purity of all articles sold by us guaranteed. Refer to the prominent Planters of Georgia. JOTTJNT * . Baltimore. decl4-2md*c
