Newspaper Page Text
N S. MORSE.
•sjjfffiMlk IX
out UKK,Vt NKKI)
We hear one universal complaint from our
agriculturists, that they cannot obtain the
amount of labor requisite to successfully prose
< ute their busi(.ess, or to carry it ou to the
extent they (lerire. This, indeed, is a great
aud a serious want, that will cripple all our
operations, and impede our individual aud col
lective interest until its is removed.
A sufficient population to render labor abund
ant would inspire new life and energy into
every department of trade and business; aud
enable our people to bring to perfection many
noble and much-to-be desired enterprises,
which would cause new streams of wealth to
flow in upon us. The great difficulty to obtain
labor has prevent' and many of our citizens from
already making improvements ; and the earlier
these obstacles are removed, the eooner our
Htate will be ranked among the most pros
perous.
Our manufacturers must have operatives, or
all their interests will suffer. Our planters
must have help, or they cannot improve their
lands. Oar mechanics must have assistance,
or they cannot successfully pursue their avo
cation. Our proposed railroad lines, opening
up new channels for the rich products of other
States, cannot ho completed without more la
borers ; aud many desirable enterprises, now un
tier consideration must fail unless help can be
obtained from abroad.
This great want that retards our vital inter
ests might bo remedied. England, France,
Germany, and indeed all Europo is crowded
with an immense population who would giadly
avail themselves of every opportunity offered
to reach our hospitable shores. Every avail
ablo foot of soil in the Old World has been
long since occupied, and e’very trade is over
run with operatives-the young can find no
department of business whore they can hope
torise to wealth or distinction, as they may do
in the New World. Not only is labor but lit -
tle in demand, hut capitalists lind it very dif
ficult, if not impossible, to make good invest
ments, and millions of their treasures might be
directed to our shore with little effort. These
are matters wo should not neglect in the pres
eut crisis.
If we had sufficient population to supply the
present demand for labor at reasonable prices,
our cities would rapidly expand. If wo had
sufficient laborers, our manufactories would he
worked to a much greater extent, aud others
on a more extensive scale, would soon be put
in full operation. We had sufficient popula
tion in our State, the immense tiacts of land
not half cultivated would bo divided and sub
divided, which, in a few years, would be highly
improved. Our mining interest would then bo
developed, aud the earth’s secrert stores of
wealth unfolded. Ot prep ised railroad lines
would soon be all tiuisbed, and new c mmuni
catious opened up by laud and water with
every desirable region. Then let our emi
grant aid societies, our farmers, our merchants,
and all our citizens, unite aud exert themselves
to supply this great want, which now alone
impedes the progress of our State.
'I UK UAHTHIN t:PNVK*TIOS'
The action of Austria and Prussia in Schleswig,
Holstein has called torlh a duet of growls from
England and France. The two great German
Powers have accomplished their purposes with
a cool aesuvarce which haß even astounded the
protesting nations, which are not unused to do
ing things very cooly themselves. Austria and
Prussia have acted in this business in the man
ner of unfaithful agents, who, having recovered
the property of their principal, very deliber
ately appropriate it to themselves. They were
agents of the Gennamc Confederation in cap
turing the Duchies from Denmark; the pretense
being that those territories were, in the ma
ority of the population, feeling and in loca
tion, especially German. It was expected that
they would be brought into the Confederation,
and united as a principality under the unlucky
Prince of Augustenberg, who claimed the title
to the property,
But Austria and Prussia officiously antici
pated the Federal authority, and volunteered
to vindicate the* rights of Germany in the
Duchies. They did so. England patted Den
mark on the back and persuaded her to go
into the tight, and then treacherously aban
doned her. Denmark was wasted, Schleswig
aud Holstein were captured, and when the
Duke of Augustenberg, simple youug man,
was preparing to come into his property, he
was coolly notified by the agents of Germany
that they had shared his patrimony between
them Such was the result of the Convention
at Gastein. The terms of that treaty were of
a nature to cause considerable sensation. The
smaller German States were cheated by their
more powerful Confederates. Denmark had
been despoiled of her territories under false
pretenses. The world, which at least expect
ed that Schleswig-Holstein would be an inde
pendence, beholds it cut up and appropriated
by Austria and Prussia.
There has been some astonishment and some
dissatisfaction at the impudent manner in
which this has been done. We hear now from
England and France. The opinion of the for
mer is of no particular account. Lord John
Russell merely talks. The Frenchman
shows that the treaties of Vienna ami London
have been set aside by two of the powers which
signed them. Germany is, by their arrange
ment, deprived of all interest in the Duchies.
It was the desire of Germans that the country
should be united. Austria and Prussia have
separated them, ibis has been done without
any consultation with the people whose alle
giauce is thus transferred as if it was a market
able commodity' There is no other basis
for this arrangement than force ; “No other
Justification,” says M. de L’Huys, ‘* than the
reciprocal convenience of the two sharers.
At present the remarks upon the Prussian
and Austrian usurpation are addressed only to
the diplomatic agents of France and England.
They are warned that they are not at present
to address any observation upon the subject to
Austria or Prussia. It is solely intended tc
acquaint them in what sense they will speak
of it “when the arrives.’’ Whether
this affair is to bring forth stronger measures
ending in war, or whether it will amount to
nothing but expression of dissatisfaction are
matters to be narrowly watched. The instruc
tions of France and England, be it remembered
are to avail “when the time arrives.”
Mexican Affairs. —Agents of the Mexican
Republican party have bec-n attempting, it is
raid, to negotiate a loan of about one million
dollars in this country. The attention of Maxi
milian's government has been called to this
procedure, and the “Regency of the Empire’’
had fulminated an order reminding the sup
posed lenders that all of Juarez’s contracts
were void under the Empire, and threatening
them with “ such punishment as their guilt
may imply” in case they interest themselves
in these contracts or loans. If any wish to in
vest on such precarious security, it is hardly to
be imagined that this will prevent them, aud
it must pass merely for an expression ol the
imperial policy or a warning to the agents em
ployed. Still Maximilian’s consul at New
York has taken the pains to publish the orde r
in the city papers. The state of affairs in
Mexico continues as mixed as ever, both
sides being in considerable trouble.
In the city of Mexico, aud wherever the*lm
peralists control, all suspected of liberalism
are arrested and put under guard, while very
stringent regulations are imposed by tbe
French commandants. The Liberals have met
with success in other quarters, making prison
ers of largo numbers of Imperial troops and
lydding much of the country outside the large
cities. The policy of our government seems to
be to keep clear of the embroglio. but in i>o
way to acknowledge Maximilian’s right to be
where he is.
Prosperity cf New England Cotton Mills.
An evidence of the large amount of business
now being done by the New England Gotten
Miiis, is shown by the fact that several of them
lately sent agents to England for additional
operatives, having found it impossible to pro
cure enough in this country to meet the de
mand. The Bristol papers state that one ves
sel has already arrived at that port with over
two hundred cotton operatives on board, who
have been sent hither from Lancashire, Eng
land, by agents of the mills. Other vessels are
expected to arrive soon, with still larger num
bers of hands on hoard. Every cotton mill
in the New England States is now running on
full time, and in many of tliem, the operatives
are working from fourteen to sixteen hours
out of the twenty four, receiving extra wages
for this overwork. It is said that the mills
are now making nearly one hundred per cent,
profit, which is occasioned by the late beavy
advance in prices. They are all overwhelmed
with orders, and having now no difficulty in
obtaining cotton, they are enjoying a rich
harvept.
Insurance on Cotton. - From a note in the
Savannah Herald we learn that a meeting of
the Board of Commissioners of the Fire In
surance companies was held in New York, a
few days sfnee, to consider the propriety cf
changing the premium on cotton insurance.
Thu board decided, by a two thirds vote, to
make the rate on cotton, and on other goods
in stores where cotton is stored, one dollar and
thirty five cents on each hundred dollars,
with privilege to the keepers or owners of the
stores to pick cotton on the premises.
Where a stipulation is made that there shall
be no cotton picking, the rate will he one
per cent. The largo companies will adhere to
this action; and the effect of it will be to
induce owners of goods, to separate their cot
ton from their other merchandise.
More New Goods !—Where ? Why at Bus
sell's, over C. A. Platt’s furniture establish
ment. That is the place where a large and
complete assortment of foreign and domestic
dry goous have been received—and where
new goods will hereafter bo received daily.
The list of new goods offered by this estab
lishment for the inspection of the ladies is
truly a most magnificent one. Black and
plain colored silks, poplus, delaines, shaliies,
bombazines, alpaccas, plaids, lustres, flannels,
cloths and cassemeres, shirtings and linens,
muslins, Ac., &c. A choico stock of beautiful
goods.
A National Cotton Convention —General
Howard, of the Freedmen’s Bureau, indorses
the proposition for a national cotton growing
convention, and suggests that it be held in
Washington or New York, in November next.
Gen. Howard says the planters of the South
are very anxious to procure a large cotton
crop next year, and feels assured that such a
convention would aid in the solution of many
practical problems concerning the laboring
interests of freodmeu. aud the material inter
est of the country.
Tub Fenian Movement in Canada. —The
Fenians arc creating a stir in Canada. Agents
of the organization recently visited both Que
bec and Ottawa with a view of establishing
lodges, and it is reported that a number of
the brotherhood have lately left Toronto on a
special mission to Ireland. As matters now
lock, England will have much trouble before
she succeeds in quieting tho present excite
ment—if she ever does succeed in so doing.
Wyman, Byrd A Co.--This new house has
just been established at No. 78 Chambers
street, New York. It is composed of Messrs.
S. G. Wyman and G. H. Byrd late of Balti
more ; Win. Gregg, Jr , late of Gianiteville, S,
C.; aad James C. Smith of New York. This
house will attend to the selling of cotton, cot
ton yarns, sheetings, shirtings, jeans. &c, ; and
all other matters pertaining to their line of busi
ness which may be committed to their charge.
The People’s Steamship Company. —ihis
Company will be chartered by thp States oi
South Carolina and New York, and .thus in
corporated it must secure the confidence of
stockholders and the public. We would cor
dially recommend this enterprise to our
frieuds. and hope that by such judicious com
binations our merchants may become the car
riers of their own merchandize and reap the
benefits to be thus derived by this enterprise.
The subscription books are now open at the
office of Messrs, Willis A Chisolm, at the Mills
House, Charleston.
Auento are Wanted by Messrs Fowler A
Wells, of New York, for the Phrenological
Journal and Life Illustrated, two very popular
Journals issued by them.
Delegates from Oglethorpe County —Dr.
Willis Wiliingham, Col. James D. Mathewy,
Wm. B. Brightwell Esq.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 25,1865.
Watches, Jewelry, &c. —Watches, silver
ware, chains, and jewelry of all kinds, to the
value of a million dollars, is new offered for
sale on the distributed plan by Samuel C.
Rickards & Cos, 102 Nassau street, New York.
Among the stock to be thus disposed of are
seventy- five valuable pianos. The tickets are
one dollar each A full description of the
plan, the way it is managed, and all the par
ticulars connected therewith is given elsewhere
Another Arrival. —Cohen, corner of Broad
and Cam pell street, up stairs, has received
another large addition to his stock of goods
As he orders direct from manufactories, dealer
can purchase at as low rates from him a
they can in New York. By this they save the
numerous freights. Among the goods just re
ceived is a large aud splendid assortment of
shawls, hats, boots and shoes, ready made
clothing, &o.
Dissolution and a New Firm.— The old firm
of Heard & Clark has dissolved ; and anew
firm been entered info between Isaac T. Heard
and 0. M. Stone, under the name and firm of
Laac T. Heard & Cos.
These gentlemen announce lust they will
carry on the warehouse and commission busi
ness at the office of the old firm. Attached to
their warehouse is a compressing machine,
with which they can compress their cotton
and have it drayed.
Fire Department of Augusta.—The officers
of the different companies comprising the
Fire Department have resolved to postpone the
semt-annual parade until Feburary 22. At
that time there will be several valuable horses
to jpe contested for.
Circular No s. —Gen. Tillsen the head of
the Freedman’s Bureau of Georgia, harf' issued
sorao.regulatiops aud instructions relative to
the apprenticing of freedmen.
National Bank.—Parties who wish to sub
scribe to the Stock of a National Bank have
now au opportunity. See notice in special col
umn .
A New Cotton Press. —The annexed discrip
tion of anew cotton press, which we copy from
the Liverpool Times, will undoubtedly interest
many of our readers ;
A public exhibition has taken place at the
engine works of Messrs. Boutledge & Omman
ney, Salford, of Ashcroft’s patent combined
steam and hydraulic cotton press, with revol
ving boxes. In this new form of cotton press
a combination of steam aud hydraulic power
is brought to bear upon the cotton to bo com
pressed, in a simple but effeitive manner. The
entire apparatus stands in a space 35 feet high,
14 feet long, and 12 leet broad, and consists of
a hydraulic press under the usual baling box,
a steam engine being placed above it, which
gives motion to the whole. A second cotton
box is placed in a position adjoining the first
box, aud is attached thereto with brackets,
which revolve round one of the columns of the
press and are supported by gun metal balls,
thus reducing iho friction to a small point. The
two boxes are of cast iron, strongly ribbed, and
are planed interiorly to a perfectly true and
smooth surface to avoid frieton during the
operation of pressing -
The second box is thus outside the fram
ing of tho press, and is being filled with ootton
during tbe process of pressing aud hooping the
bale in the other box. As soon as that opera
tion is completed the two boxes are swung
round very easily by two men until the second
takes the place of the liist bale within the
press apparatus, the operation being very
similar to turning a locomotive on a railway
turn table. The application of the steam and
hydraulic power is produced by the action of a
steam cylinder, at the head of the press, mov
ing a strong cross-head, to which are attached
four hydraulic pumps, two large and two
small ones, having the full stroke of the cylin,
der The large pumps continue iu operation
until the cotton is compressed to within a few
inches of its final point, after which the small
pumps complete the oberation of pressing a
bale of Egyptian cotton of 400 pounds. The
time taken to press and hoop a bale was four
minutes, the usual time iu hydraulic presses
iu Egypt being about fifteen minutes.
The advantages claimed for this press are
the rapidity of the raise of ram, in consequnce
of the liist few feet of the raise being made
by steam only, after which, when greater pres
sure is required, the hydraulic power comes
into force, the total rise only occupying about
forty-five seconds, and th? time lor the fall of
the ram is twenty-five seconds. Having two
boxes, one is being filled at the* time the bale
in the other is being pressed and tied ; on the
completion of one bale the other box is easily
moved under the press, in consequence of the
boxes revolving on one of the columns of the
press ; great saving of time, in consequence
of the quick rise and fall of the ram, aud the
construction of the revolving boxes ; saving of
freight, from the great density to which
the cotton is pressed, viz : from 23 to 30 lbs. to
■ the cubic foot, against about II lbs., as ob
tained by the ordinary hydraulic press in
Egypt; saving of labor—frcm the symplicity
or the press the whole of the pressing can be
managed by one man, who with a lever, regu
lates the working of the press, in the place of
tbe number of men required to work the or
dinary pumps, press, and gearing in Egypt, and
finally, the saving of fuel is estimated at oue
fourtb, in consequence of the arrangements of
the working part of the press and pumps and
steam power to work the press being combined
iu one machine.
Cotton in Florida —A lata letter from
Lake City, Fla., to the Savaunah Herald,
furnishes the following information con
cerning the cotton trade in Florida :
The residents ot Jacksonville are complain
ing of the sndfien diminution ot trade from the
country for the past week, and are apprehen
sive that it is receding from its maximum
height f or the present season, as, perhaps,
two thirds of the cotton in the hands of the
farmers of tLe State at the close of hostili
ties have pissed into the channels of com
merce fer exportation,
ot bales on hand the Ist of
April last was estimated at 20,000, and 12,000,
it is confidently asserted, have been sold, leav
ing still in the hands of the farmers B*ooo
bales for market.
Much the larger portion of that which is
j yet in the hands of the producers, will not be
I sold until February and March next, for the
reason that it is believed that the scale of
: prices will be greatly advanced by that period.
It is also stated that at least two-thirds of the
| S.OOO bales are he'd by the planters of Middle
Honda. v. ho have expressed their determina
j tion to ship it to Savannah as soon as the re
pairs tn the Gulf road are completed, and the
connection is established bsjween that road
and the one spanning the peninsula from Jack
| sonville to St. Marks, an event which, will
j transpire before the Ist of December next.
The phamiet of Dr, \\ m. Elder upon the re
sources of the United States, with others of
like character, having been translated into
i German and lound their way into Germany,
! numerous applications fruin capitalists in that
country for copies fur circulation are being re
i reived at the Treasury Department. At the re
quest ot French hauliers the same publications
are to be translated into French, for circulation
1 in that country.
[Frcm the Federal Union ]
ALABAMA DISGRACED,
Messrs. Editors : When a man gets his
neighbor's corn, or meat, or flour, or cloth, or
other commodity on a credit, and ' gives his
note for payment at a future day, and after
wards puts las property out of his hands, ot is
gudty of other fraudulent practice, or takes
advantage of a technicality of law to avoid
the payment of this just debt, we say, and say
truly, that ha is not honest, and in our transac
tions we will avoid him, and refuse to credit
him, we will add enough to the price of the ar
t’cle sold, to justify us in running the risk of
loosing tho debt by some dishonest trick of his.
A State is a whole people, or large number
of persons united in one body politic, for the
protection and defence of the rights of all. In
other words, it is a large number of persons
acting in a corporate capacity as one person.—
That which is dishonest >n one person, or ten,
or one hundred, is equally dishonest in the
whole number who compose the State If,
then it is dishonest and disreputable in one
person to fake advantage of a legal technicality
to avoid (he payment of a just debt, it is equally
dishonest and disreputable in the whole peo
ple of a State to do thee same unworthy deed.
The man who will do it is not worthy of con
fidence or credit,:but is disgraced, and justly so.
The people cf a State who will do ft, while
many of them may be honest, are, as a people,
disgraced, unworthy of credit in future, and
deserve the scorn and rebuke of all honest men
and comrounties, till they' undo the foul deed,
and resume and pay the honest debt for which
they got value received.
1 regret that these remarks are applicable, if
the reports in the papers are correct, to the
hitherto proud State of Alabama. • During the
late war in which her people engaged with
remarkable unanimity, and her sons distin
guished themselves ou so many hard foughl
fields, by their intrepid valor, it was an honor
anywhere for a man to say, lam an Alabam
ian. Even in the Northern States, the an
nouncement, would have extorted respect.
But while these brave men were fighting and
making so many sacrifices in defence of the
cause espoused by their State, their families
at home were suffering for the necessarits of
life, and they were many times enduriug the
greatest hardships for want of comfortable
clothing, or wholesome food. In this condi
tion of things, the State of Alabama stepped
forward, as a corporate body, or whole people,
and said these suffering wives and children of
soldiers shall have bread ; and these, our gal
laut sous in the field, shall have clothing, and
we will pledge the whole wealth of the State
that those who furnish these necessaries, and
the money needed to pay the expenses of the
State, shall have it repaid to them. This
whole people, whose faith bad always been
sacred, offered their bonds in tho market for
such things as they needed, with tha solemn
pledge under the broad seal of the State, that
the bonds should be redeemed. Trusting to
the good faith of a people, whose honor had
never been tarnished, persona who had the
ability advanced the money, and took the
bonds or notes of the State. How humilia
ting it will always be in future, to a proud
spirited honest citizen ot Alabama, to tell the
balance. The Convention ot that State lately
solemnly determined upon a mere legal tech
nicality, to repudiate the debt, and ordained
that it shall never be paid. A State cannot be
sued without her consent aud compelled by
law to pay her just debts, as a private indi
vidual can be The Convention of Alabama
knew that fact, and relying, no doubt upon
that legal technicality; did the disgraceful
deed.
1 am unacquainted with the members of that
Convention, but I will venture tbe assertion
that two-thirds of them never exposed then
dear lives in battle in tho late contest, while
their fellow citizens, most of‘whom had but
little pioperty at stake, were fighting the bat
tles. These gentlemen, who, no doubt, belong
to the richer class, were at home speculating
or making money, much of which is probably
invested in land and other good property. If
the honest debt of Alabama is paid, the pro
perty of those who grew lien during the
war must be taxed for that purpose. For every
man of sens a knows that the poor pay but a
small fraction cf the tax. It is paid mainly by
the, rich who aro often tbe least patriotic, and
the least willing to pay. What will the honest
brave soldiers of Alabama say of this shameful
act? The answer is easy. A brave man is
generally honest, aud an honest man is always
willing to pay a just debt as soon as he is able.
If the question were submitted to a vote of the
gallant soldiers of Alabama to morrow, I
doubt not they would say, by overwhelming
odds, the debt shall be paid. The honor of
the State shall not be tarnished. It was in
fact contracted for the benefit, in a great meas
ure of themselves and their families, while
they were hnzzardieg their lives for their
State, and they would not allow the rich Spec
ulators who own the property, to avoid pay
ment by repudiation
Who, in luture, will credit the State of Ala
bama ? Who, within (he next half century,
with open, unjust repudiation upon her record,
will give fifty cents in the dollar for any bond
she may Issue ? Capitalists will naturally say,
a people who have once repudiated, are not to
be trusted, till they tiaye again assumed and
paid the debt. She will lose more in her fi
nancial transactions in half a century by waut
of credit, than tho whole amount she has re
pudiated, How different the course of South
Carolina, whose people, whatever may have
been their political errors, have always kept
public faith as sacred as virgin purity. Her
Convention has mot, acted, and adjourned, and
we hear not a word about repudiation. In fu
ture when South Carolina borrows money at
five or s’x per cent., Alabama will have to
pay ten, indeed she can borrow at all. Even
Mississippi, which onco repudiated, has set a
far better example. The Convention there
left the question of the public debt to the Leg
islature ; and I am informed, it is said by lead
ing men there, that they intend to pay it, no
matter what it costs, as they have suffered
enough already by repudiation.
It is reported that the Convention of Ala
bama attempts to shield itself behind the pre
text that the Government of the United States
requires that the debt be repudiated. It is a
sufficient reply, to say the State debt is a
matter with which that Government has not,
and cannot have, any thing to do. The peo
ple of the United States cannot, in any event,
be called on to pav any ;part of it, and they
have no just concern about it. Again, it must
be remembered, that neither the Msssissippi
nor the South Carolina Convention repudiated
arty part of the State debt, and still wo see it
announced that the President approves the
action of both these conventions. President
Johnson is a man of too much sound practical
sense and statesmanship, and with all, too
good a State rights man, to interfere in any
such matter,' or to make any such requirement
of any State. He will leave that, as he has the
question of negro suffrage, to the respective
States where it properly belongs.
It may be pleaded as an excuse for the had
faith of Alabama, that she had issued part of
her bonds, and treasui y notes, when the cur
rency was depreciated, and that she did re
ceive gold value for them. If so, this may
have been a just reason for scaling them down
to go’d value, but none for repudiating them
entereiy. lam not i repared to say that this
icaling process may not be just. The rule in that
case would be for the State to pay in gold, as
much as she got in gold value, for the notes or
bonds when issued : what may since have been
their market value, whether above or below,
that being immaterial to her. If she got one
hundred cents in the hollar in gold value, let
her pay that : if seventy-five, or fifty cents,
let her pay that. This would be honest and
equitable, but repudiation is neither equitable,
honest nor honorable, but a disgrace and a
reproach to any people guilty of it
Georgia
[from Charleston Courier.l
'illi ».V HKNAL lIEVEHE
IMPORTANT 00' R ESPONDKNCE.
Collector's 0it.0,-., i S, Internal Revenue, «
Second District, South Carolina, >
Charleston, October 13, 1865 )
To the Editors of the Courier.:
In reply to a 1 ;tter to the Commissioner of In
ternal Revenue, in reference to the stamping
of documents made prior to the establishment
of this District, which under the law required
stamps, the following lias been received at this
office.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
Frederick A. Sawyer, Collector.
Treasury Department, )
Office of Internal, Revenue,
Washington, September, 15, 1865.)
Siu —Your letter of the 22i ult, has beeu
received. Iu reply I have to say, that Section
153. Act of June 30 h, 1864, provides that, if
any person w’abes to use or record any instru
ment signed or issued before that time, but not
stamped, such person, his agent or attorney
may affix the stamp thereon,” in the presence
of “the Court register or recorder.”
In relation to the remission of penalties by
Collectors, I can only say, that inasmuch as
the amendment of Match 2, 1865, to Section
158, Act of 1865, grants power to Collectors to
remit penalties in the cases or the instruments
therein referred to, only when such instruments
—being unstamped -shall be brought to them
“within twelve calender months, after the
making or issuing” thereof; it must be held
that such grant of power should be confined to
the limits of the time therein mentioned.
It may be proper to add, however, that con
sider i»g the anomalous state of affairs which
has existed at the South for more than four
years, it is not unreasonable to suppose that
Congress will adopt, measures looking to the
relief of those who are entitled to it, in this
matter of penalties to which you refer.
Very respectfully,
William Orton, Commissioner.
F. A. Sawyer, Esq., Collector,
Charleston, S. C.
Hot Summers —ln 1132, the earth opened,
and rivers and springs disappeared, in Alsace
The Rhine was dried up. Ia 1152, the heal
was so great that eggs were cooked iu the
sand In 1100, at the battle of Bela, a grfeat
number of soldiers died from the heat. In
1276 and 1277, in France, au absolute failue of
the crops of grass and oats occurred. In 1303
and 1304, the Seine, the Loire, the Rhine, the
Danube, were passed over dry-footed. In 1393
and 1394. great numbers of animals fell
dead, and the crops were scorched up. In 1440,
the he it was excessive. In 1538, 1539, 1540*
1541, the rivers were almost dried up. In
1550, there was a great drought all over Eu
rope. Iu 1616, tho heat was overwhelming in
France, Italy and the Neitherlands. In 1646,
there were fifty-eight consecutive days of ex
cessive beat. Iu 1678, excessive heat. The
same wa3 the case in the first three years of the
eighteenth century. '
In 1748, it did not rain once from the month
of April to the month of Octobej. The crops
were burned up, und the theatres were closed
by the decro iof the lieutenant of Police. Tho
thermometer marked 35 degrees Reaumui—
-113 of Fahrenheit-. In gardens which were
watered, fruit trees flowered twice. In 1722
and 1724, the beat was extreme. In 1747, the
summer was- very hot and dry, which absolute
ly caicined the crops. During seven months,
norainfeli. In 1748, 1754, 1760, 1767, 1778,
and 1788, the heat was excessive.
Iu 1811, the year of tho celebrated comet
the summer was very warm, aud the wine de
licious, even at Susenes. Iu ISIB, the theartrea
in France and Great Britain remained closed,
for nearly a month, owing to the heat. In
1836, the" Sene was almost dried up. In 1850,
in the month of Juno, on the second appear
ance of the cholera, the thermometer marked
22 degrees centigrade. The highest temper
ature which mfln can support for a certain
time varies from 40 to 45 degrees—lo 4to 113
Fahrenheit. Frequent accidents occur, how
ever, at a less elevated temperature.
Lamobiciere. —Gen. De Lamoriciers is
dead. He was one of the famous band of
French soldiers who made Algeria a province
of the Empire. Born at Nantes in 1806, of
parents in the upper ranks of life, he received
a military education aud in 1830 left for the
scene in which, as !ha ' opponent of Abd-el-
Kader, he greatly distinguished himself- He
retired in 1847, and during that period his
military, advancement was greater than that ot
any soldier in modern times. In the short
space of seven years ho was promoted suc
cessively to be major, lieutenant-colonel, and
colonel of Zouaves, and to this day is spoken
of by the old soldiers in the most celebrated
French legions as the organiser ol a portion of
the French army to whose bravery the Arabs
were at length obliged to succumb. At the
siege of coustanstine he greatly distinguished
himself, aud a handful of men led by him de
cided the terrible conflict. In 1844 he was
made commander of the Legion of Honor,
and the following year was made governor
general and commander-in chief of the whole
colony. He served with brilliant suscers in
eighteen campaigns in Africa.
In 1848 the Kevolution broke out in Paris,
and during the disturbances his horse was shot
dead, and himself nearly sacrificed to the fury
of the people. He owed his life entirely to the
devotion of a few men who had served UDder
him in Algeria. During the Republic he was
elected a representative of the people, and ad
hered by his votes and interest to the Demo
cratic party. On the memorable 2nd of De
cember, 1862, he was arrested by the new
Government and sent to the fortress of Ham.
When liberated he refused to take the oath of
allegiance, and was banished from France.
His subsequent career in Italy, at the head of
the Pipe's army, is fresh in everybody’s mem
ory. Had he joined in supporting the present
dynasty in France, there can be no doubt that
he might have lisen to the highest honors ;
but be always expressed his belie! that he
would live to see tho extinction of that dynas
ty, and'tke restoration either of the Republic
or the Orleans family,—a belief that has not
been realized ”
Attempt in E-cape of Dr. ajued. —The
prisoners at the Tortugas are allowed the liber
ty of the island except on the day of a vessel’s
departure. At night they are expected to
sleep within the fait. The night previous to
the return of the T. A hcott, Dr. Mudd slept
outside the fort, in a shed and the next mor
ning he quietly walked on board the steamer,
disappeared Into the lowest deck and tent a
fireman for Qrarteimaster Kelly. This was
the last that was seen of him. Soon after he
was missed at the lort, and an officer and
squad was sent down to search the vessel.
On the very bottom of the vessel lay a plat
form resting on t .vo cross beams ; the officer
thurst his sworu under one side, and the col
ored soldier inserted a b ijonet under the other,
she roar of pain that immediately rose told
that both sword and bayonet had reached
their mark ; ihe platform was raised and Dr.
Mudd arose and returned to his status of a
captive prisoner. He was immediately taken,
to the fort and the tnumb sciewß applied to
him, and under the prtsure of pain, he ac
knowledged that Kelly, with wbera he had
formed an acquaintance within a few days,
I had agreed to help him to escape on the
! promise of receiving Mold's gold watch.
Kelly was thereupon marched to the fort, a
drum-head court" martial held, and be was
sentenced to six years imprisonment and bard
labor in the Tortugas. The vessel then sailed
without Mudd or Kelly, and the papers were
forwarded to Washington for confirmation.
The Grand Trunk Railway earned, _ for the
week ending September 23, $154,495 against
$134,495 for the same week last year, an in
crease ot $19,999.
VOL. LXXIV.—-NEW SERIES VOL. XXIV NO. 44.
T5sK SONGS OF OLD.
The songs of old. how deej ""
Lies iu tbe oid,
Once eaag by those
Vi. sxus of hope long passed i\
ot>sie o’er the heart.so tone
And memory asks : oh, where a 4 ..
Who sweetly sung the songs ot old ?
Where are they T Some in silence sleep .
Beneath the mournful yew tree's gloom ?
Others within the boundless deco
Have eaTJy found au ocean’ ‘b ;
Dim are the eyes that gently an,
Tho orrne ware heart ties still aud cold,
And hushed for f. fiever gone,
The vmce that snug the songs of old.
Where are they ? On some foreign strand
For many a weary day they roam ;
Cheerless they tread the stranger’s laud
From friends afar, afar from home,
Do they not long to join once more
The joyous dance, the social throng,
And mingle, as in days of yore,
Their voices in the olden song ?
Fondly the heart stiil loves to linger
Amid the ruins of the past,
Tracing with fancy’s fairy finger
Visions too beautiful to last;
Bring to momory’s eye again
The long lost friends, the cherished ones,
Waking the past with some sad strain,
Some well -remembered olden song.
The Congressional Oath. —The following {«
the oath which every member of Congress, on
taking his seat in that body, is required to
take :
An ad to prescribe an oa'h of office and for other
purposes
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of Ameri
ca in Congress assembled, That hereafter every
person elected or appointed to any office of
nonor or profit under the government of the
United States, either in the civil, military or
naval departments «f the public service, ex
cepting the President of the United States,
shall* before entering upon the duties of such
office, ad before being entitled to any of the
salary or other emoluments thereof, take and
subscribe the following oath or affirmation:
“I, A B, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I
have never voluntarily borne arms against the
United States since 1 have been a citizen there
of ; that I have voluntarily given no aid,
countenance, counsel, or encouragement to
persons engaged in armed hostility thereto ;
that I have neither sought nor accepted, nor
attempted to exercise (he functions of any
office whatever, under any authority or pre
tended authority in hostility to the United
States; that I have not yielded a voluntary
support to any pretended government, au
thority, power or constitution within the Uni
ted States, hostile or inimical thereto.
And Ido further swear (or affirm) that,
to the best of my knowledge and ability, I will
support and defend the constitution of the
United Sta.es against ail enemies, foreign and
domestic ; that I will boar true faith and al
hgimee to the same ; that I take this obliga
tion freely, without any mental reservation or
purpose of evasion, and that I will well and
faithfully discharge the duties of office on
which lam about to enter, so help me God ;
which Baid oalh so taken aud signed, shall be
preserved among the files of the court house,
of congress, or department to which the Baid
office may appertain. And any person who
shall falsely take the said oath shall be guilty
of perjury, and, on*conviction, iu addition to
penalties now prescribed for that offense, shall
be deprived of his office and rendered incapa
ble forever after of holding any office or place
under the United States.
Approved July 2, 1862.
Josh Billinos in the Editorial Cheer.—
Havin au hour ov lime yesterda, that want
spoke for, i dropt into the santimony ov ‘‘The
Dala Pokeedau ” The good looking edditurs
ov the consarn waz both ‘‘non est on bano
ibus,” and i sunk into a ezi cheer, jist as ctlm
iy as a moss kiyered bucket sinks into a well
on a hot da. On the tabil beboar me la a pile
of manskript,, and i sed to myself, “go in Josh
and replito contributors.”
- ‘sLines tu a sleeping infant. Bi Alice,” re
ceived. Tha are tender, dredful tender, almost
tu tender to keep thru this hot spM ; yu hav
talons ov the highest order, but yu must kross
your t’s or yu kaut sukoeed iu potri; goood Bi
Alice!
ceived aud kontentk noted. Thar iz only one
truble with this nroducksion, which time will
korrect, and that iz, “won’t do at all for our
colums,” respectfully declined (on the part ov
the editors, by J. B ,on account of its length
and thickness.)
“The sea, the ioaiin’ sea.” A sublime
standzas, worth at least 7 dollars, intended
undoubtedy for the Atlantic Monthly, and sent
tu us bi mistake ; we wud like to accept it,
but dassant (nr sere folks would say we Btole it.
“Will you Kiss me dearest,” Bi Mary Ann—
Acksepted. We take all them kind ov chances.
The potri ant first rate, but we expect the kiesinr
kant be beat, till then fair Maid ajew.
“A gealogikal synopsorum ov the heavenly
spears,” Bi Paul Vernon—Will appear in our
next issu. This writer has attacked a subject
ov great diffikity, with the biggest kind ov
energee and has suckceedtd ; his thesis is ad
mirable, his argyment is cius, and hiz stile ; z
camphene. Wesa “Mount Veruon !on eagil
wings, beyond tho kiouJs, and paint your
Daim rite over the top ov the door that leads
to glory. Mount Vernon mi boy !” We pre
dict grea£ popularity lor this writer if he aint
kat uph by frost.
Coal Under Olympus. —A discovery of con
siderable importance to the steam shipping
and coal trade has jnst been made at the foot
of Mount Olympus, thirty miles from Salonica.
It appears that the Viceroy of Egypt having
been informed that coal was to be found in the
neighborhood of the classic mount, at once
gave instructions for the striking of the stra
tum. The work was carrie i on successfully,
and the result is that a>ter reserving for the
Steam Company Az’sie of Alexandria its full
requirements of cord,’ the Viceroy proposes
throwing open to all nations the delivery of
this luel, which can be furnished at the rate
of ten francs per British ton, a figure below
the present cost of coal ia any depot along or
around the Mediterranean seaboard. The im
portance of this uitcovery cannot be too highly
estimated, being the first coal discovery upon
the Mediterranean, a sea where steam navi
gation is daily increasing.
Secretary Harlan, of the Interior Department,
is anxiously endeavoring to inaugurate certain
reforms in that department. Saturday he ad
dressed a circular to the several heads of bu
reaus, in which he enjoins upon those officials
h:s determination to exaci as much labor and
attention to the business of the government
from every officer and employee in die depart
ment as if they were woiking m the secretary s
"wS “leLte ao.l paid bj him out of bis ...
, x. Bimum has written a letter to the
Round Table, defending himself from its critl
(rtrms, and the paper renews its attack by call
in" the showman the representative of a class
which is “a cross between the traditional stage
Yankee, a canting moralist, and a practiced
sharper. ’ ’
E S. Hoimes, Deputy Commissioner of In
ternal Revenue, at Washington, has written
ihe collector of the Indianapolis District that
the receipt given by one railroad company to
another for goods in transit is subject to a
stamp duty, of two cents, and any writing or
maik that serves as a receipt Kmust have a
s amp.
j COMMERCIAL.
tinclr nail Marot.- October 13.
PORTED EXPRESSLY FOP OUR IMCLB A SENTINEL
’ BY O. W. PHILLIPS, J«.j
The provision market during the first half of
past week was quite animated, and prices
seemed to tend upwards, but during the lat
ter half it relapsed into a state of lethergy,
and prices of all articles are lower, with but
little disposition to operate on the part of
buyers. Tho stock in the west is light, but
tho high prices cheeks consumption.
Hogs for the new season are also offered
lower, aud the faith iu short crop is fast dis
appearing, our best and strongest packers pre
fer to wait the result of prices on the opening
season, than to go in now. The auimal is
now offered at sll gross for November and
first half December aud for all December SIOJ,
or uett sl4 and SI3.J, per November and De
cern ner show a waut of confidence iu later
deliveries.
Mfps Pork— lias declined to $35 and is dull
at this price. Larue orders could probably be
fi led at a shale lea:—.-ay S34J or perhaps
34J for choice city.
Prime Mess —Can be had at s3o*to s3l.
Rumps — in very light supply and are helff
at $lB to $25 as iu quality.
Lard -The old stock is about exhausted,
and the few sales made are at 29c, new is of
fered at 25c. for November, and 23c. for De
cember, delivery.
Green Meats -Are offered at 15, 17 and
18|c. delivered first half November, but there
. seems to be but little disposition to operate
until the time comes.
Bulk .Meats —Aro quiet at 18 and 19c, for
shou'ders. and sides loose.
Smoked Meats— Are also lower, and
shoulders sides and clear sides are offered at
19}, 21£ and 24i packed, but buyers of round
lolb contend for lower figures, which have been
acceded to in some casts, a large number of
small orders from the South are being filled
at these prices.
Whiskey -Firm at $226
Exports —Exports for the week were 703 tis
lard, 109 kegs do, 317 bhds bacon and bulk,
92 tis, 2110 bbls pork, and 20 boxes ;
Freights —havo advanced to 70, 75, 80 and
85 all rail to Baltimore, Philadelphia, New
York and Boston, and there is talk of still fur
ther advances, but I doubt if all the loads will
consent to such advances.
Exchange plenty and dull at 1-10 discount
par buying ; currency scarce.
CtiurU-Htou CoUou Market—October 13
[REPORTER EXPRESS FOR CHRONICLE & SENTINEL
BY WILLIS & CUI.-OLM ]
Ou Tuesday and Wednesday middling to
good middling cotton was sold hero at from
46 to 50c, but the market yesterday was very
excited, prices continuing to go up, and during
the forenoon some 280 bales of strict middling
was sold at 53c ■ and small lots of strict mid
dling to good middling at 54c per lb. tho
sales of the day footing up some 400—bales the
market being buoyant at its clese. We heard
of no tiansactions yesterday in the lower
grades, and we quote : Middling 51a52 ;
strict middling to godd middling 53a54.
Ska Islands.— Small lots of this class of
cotton have been sold during the week, and
we quote common maiuß to fiae sea islands at
80ca$ 1 25 per pouud.
Cotton Receipts and Exports —Amount of
sea island leceived from September 1, to Octo
ber, 11,.845 bales; uplands 12,839'bales. Export
ed from September 1, to October, 12. Sea is
land 816 bales ; uplands 10,483 bales.
COTTON QUOTATIONS.
Nashville, October 11.
Prices leaped up yesterday from 42c to 50c,
with still an upward tendency. Holders are
not disposed to sell, aud bang back under the
impressiou of a further advance- Cotton from
Georgia and other points below continue to
come in freely. The receipts of the new crop,
as yet, are light. The sudden advance will
induce our merchants to hold their cotton un
til the market settles.
New Orleans, Octob r 11.
Cotton is active. Sales of fifteen hundred
bales middling at 52@53c.
Baltimore, October 12.
Cotton is Belling at 58a59c.
Macon, October 14.^
The amount of cotton offered for the last
three days of the week has not beeu equal to
the demand On Wednesday tho price for
middling reached forty cents ; and these figures
ruled throughout the remainder of the week.
By this time, however, most that was on the
market had been bought up, aud holders re
fused to sell at these figures. The number of
buyers is considerably in excess of sellers. —
Heavy orders have been received within the
last few days from the Western markets. The
shipments of the week have somewhat exceed
ed the receipts, and tho stock on hand is
daily decreasing We have heard of none
selling at a higher figure than mentioned,
and dealers express the opinion that there
will not be much more Gone until the move
ments in the Northern markers produce a de
cline or au advance in present prices here.
Louisville, October 13.
Cotton in active request, sales of middling
50a52c.
Columbus October 14.
The cotton market during the week has been
very active. Good cotton has been universal
ly sought for. The highest price we have
heard of is 40c. G >od middlings readily
brought that price, though poorer grades were
seeking purchasers Between 35 and 40c,
compiised a majority of the sales for the past
four days. The stock of cotton on hand is
6,777 bales.
Nashville, October 15.
Cotton market active. Prices 48a5IJc.
Sales about 300 bales.
mas*—
Atlanta October 17.
We here of transactions at 40 cents for good
middling ; and it a quality ranking above that
grade was thrown upouthe market, it would
bring even a ffigher figure. Wo quote from
to 42 cente, and a brisk demand. Small lots
from the country continue to arrive. Crop
lots” per sample find ready purchasers.
TOBACCO QUOTATIONS-
St. Louis October, 9.
The sales of leaf tobacco at the four action
warehouses are fight, but prices appeared to
be fully sustained. The samples of the new
crop which have been received indicate a very
great improvement in the leaf, and bids fair
to excel aDy grown before in this State.
Cincinnati, October, 11:
There has been lo change in the tobacco
maiket. There is a good demand, and full
prices are obtained We quote :
Ohio Seed Leaf —Fillers, per lb, 3i4c ; me
dium wrappers, CalO ; fine wrappers, 16a20 ;
selections, 25c.
Virginia and Southern Kestucky Manufac
turing Leaf— Common lugs, 6iloc ; medium
leaf, 15a17c ; fine leaf, 25a30c, selections,
40aG0c. , ,
Mason County —Lug3,
8,a12c ; good leaf, 13a14c ; fiue leaf, 18a25c ;
bright leaf, 30a45.
Manufactured —ss, 8s and 10s, dirk, 65a
75c • dogbrigbt, Soeasl 00 ; bright pounds,
80c«$I 00 ; fine do, $1 15al 30 ; Kentucky
six twißt 20a45c, for old.
New York Prices Southern tstoeki-Oetober 11- 3
Virginia sizes 72; Missouri sixes Pacific
road issue, 78. Missourijsixes 77^.