Newspaper Page Text
N. S. MORSE.
; k strati.
What Becomes ok th* Specie. —We are all
aware l hat there has been a constant flow of
silver !o the countries of the East, but we nev
er hear of its returning. This Las been so ev
er since history began, and the constant tide of
metal that is ever setting In that direction,
and what becomes of it, has puzzled more sav-
Aim than one.
The enormous absorption of silver by tho
Eastern Staten of the world is oue of tho mcst
remarkable facte in the history of tho precious
metals. From the earliest historic times; the
East has taken little but silver for its com
modities. In the time of Pliny, the exporta
tion of precious metals from the West was set
down at from $400,000 to $500,000 a year.—
The Homans had their chief entrepot for the
East in the Island of Teprobena, now called
Ceylon ; and they carried on considerable
commerce with the Indians, Persians and Ethi
opians. Tne shawls and stuffs of the East
found their way to Europe long before the time
of the' Crusades. The Arabs carried on a
a largo and regular trade in those and other
Atluutic productions till tiie discovery of the
Cape of Good llopo diverted the course of
commerce.
The establishment of the overland route has
operated to some extent in tho other direction;
but however, and by whom the trade has been
carried on, tho llow of silver has been general
ly from the West, toward the East. Humboldt
calculated that In the year 1800 the amount of
silver sent Eastward annually was between
twenty-live aud thirty millions of dollars. Be
tween 1850 and 1853, tire large amount of
Sycee silver received from China, and the ex
port of great quantities of English goods to In
dia, disturbed the flow of silver Eastward
which has, however, since set in with more de
termination than ever, in 1854, the balance
in favor of tho East was about thirty millions
of dollars, ‘lhe exportation of the precious
metals from Great Britain alone, during the
seven years ending with 1858, was more than
$35,000,000 per annum, of which all but one
eighth part was in silver. At tho resent time
the balance of the imports and exporta of gold
and silver in favor of the East is calculated at
from sixty to eighty millions of dollars per an
num, or more than the total yield of all the
silver mines in the world.
The enormous production of gold in Austra
lia and California has heretofore enabled the
Western nations to part with their silver with
out great inoonvenionce, but the present rate
ol export of the latter seems to demand some
new arrangement, if any bo practicable. Near
ly all Orientals are giving to hoarding. It is
believed, says M Millaume, the French econo
mist, that the Egyptians hide away nearly
twenty millions of dollars annually. The Em
perors of Morocco hold it a point of honor to
till as many chambers as possible with gold
and silver. The present Emperor is said to have
seventeen, and to have another in course of
bring filled. Morocco never parts with the
money it. receives ; aud it is said, on tho part
of respective witnesses, that morethau $350,-
000,000 are hoarded away in that country, and
that the Emperor's treasure is of the valurc of
at least $200,000,000.
American Finance Abroad. —The Secretary
of the Treasury, some time ago, commissioned
Mr. Lanier, a prominent New York banker,
now ip Europe, to present to the European
holders of American securities some infoma
tion about the present condition and piospects
of our finances. Mr. Lanier called a meeting
of United States bondholders in Frankfort. It
was largely attended, that place being one of
the principal markets in Europe for transac
tions in American securities. The views of the
New York banker respecting the groat increase
In revenue from customs which we are likely
to receive during the coming year, in tonse
quenco of the re opening of the South to the
commerce of the world, do not seem to have
received the full assent of. his hearers ; nor
were the Frankfort bondholders eutirely con
vinced of the expediency of a proposed ex
port duty on cotton, &c., by which Mr. Lanier
thought that an addition of $('>0,000,000 might
be made to the national income ; but, as
might be supposed, they were well enough
pleased with his prediction that we should
soon be able to return to a specie currency.
It must bo remembered that the prevailing
tendency in Europe is towards the reduction
of import dues to the lowest possible figures,
and the abolition ol duties on exports alto
gether. Whatever may have k been the senti
ments of the Frankfort meeting in regard to
these matters, the information furnished by
Mr. Lanier was of force in giving an impetus to
the sales ot American bonds. Immense sums
in American securities daily change hands in
Frankfort, Amsterdam. Berlin and Hamburg,
and of late also iu Loudon and Paris. They
are not bought on speculation merely, but as
periuauent investments. Great numbers of
persons in Europe live on the intetest of small
patrimonies, investing fortunes generally in
some kind of government bonds. The English.
Hutch, Russian and French securities yield
only trom three to five and one half per cent,
it may readily be believed, then, that United
States bonds, bearing interest, at double or
neaily double those rates, are largely sought
after.
This thing augurs well for tho future. If
our capitalist, at.home.will not invest in U.
S. Bonds, it proves that r market can be found
for them elsewhere. We hope however there
is patriotism enough in the American people
to sustain their own Government and its own
credit, without having, to rely upon foreign
capital to do it tor them.
Important.— A Washington dispatch to the
Cincinnati Enquirer, says the President has
instructed the United States district attorneys
in various parts of the South not to begin any
new proceeding under the confiscation laws,
as the occasion for such a course has ceased
Receipts or Cotton at Savannah.— On Sat
urday and Sunday the receipts of cotton by
fiats from Augusta were 1803 bales uplands,
by steamer 246 upland ; from Darien, by
steamer. 1055 do. Total 3109 : Sea Islands,
‘JS bales from Augusta, Darien. 30 upland.—
Total 55 ; Domestics, from Augusta, 279 bales.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING. NOVEMBER 1, 1865.
A COl TON' OOKOUESS.
The proposition to told a Cotton Congress
in New York, or elsewhere, to consider the con
dition and prospect of the cotton trade, is emi
nently worthy the attention and favor of the
public. The discussion by well-informed per
sons of the condition and prospects of this im
portant branch of industry, is a matter of na
tional interest. While the new relations upon
which cotton has entered is assuming definite
shape, it is highly important that it should re
ceive an impulse in the right direction from
those who are 'qualified to investigate the
proper course of action. It is not too much
to say that no more important subject can en
gage the attention of the mercantile commu
nity. Wc trust, therefore, that the proposed
Congress will take place at an early date, and
that it may he attended by representative per
sons capable of throwing light upon the proper
mode of culture under the altered relations
which it is assuming. Its conclusions, if based
upon a proper substratum of facts, could not
fail to exercise a healthy influenco upon both
Federal and State legislation.
in England the Manchester Cotton Associa •
tion has exercised an influence that has been
felt throughout the civilized world. It has led
to the cultivation of cotton in places where it
was uuknown until lately, and developed, to a
prodigious extent its culture iu regions that
formerly yielded only a limited and precari
ous supply. The cotton imports to England
from India alone is estimated for the current
year at 1,500,000 bales, one-half of the yield of
the United States in 1860. A large propor
tion of this immense import is undoubtedly
due to the exertions of the Cotton Supply As
sociation, which influenced the Imperial Gov
ernment to open roads, construct railways,
and adopt other means for the transportation
and development of cotton in India. The es
timated British imports of cotton for the cur
rent year from other places beside the United
States is as lollows :
Bales.
British India 1,500,000
. Egypt 350,000
Chiua 560,000
Brazil 570,000
Mediterranean Basin 100,000
West Indies 100,000
Central and South America 75,000 *
Total, 2,055,000
Last year the exports from these places
amounted to 2,350,000, so that the above esti
mate is by no means exaggerated, and is more
likely to be under than over the actual re
turns. Even ordinary newspaper readers know
that the cultivation of cotton in nearly all
these places was directly stimulated by British
enterprise and capital.
What has been achieved by English influ*
#nce iu foreign lands is surely possible to
American enterprise, operating in our own
country. AfW making due allowance for the
disturbing inluences of the changed labor sys
tem of tho South, the prospects for increasing,
during tho next four years tho suppy of cotton
to the average of 1860, are far better than
those that existed four yeais ago in the coun
tries whence Great Britain is now drawing her
chief supplies. Nearly ail tba elements of
former prosperity still exists in the South. The
only difficulty is to combine and re-nrraDge
them, This process can be largely facilitated
by intelligent and concentrated effort, which,
wouhl undoubtedly receive the energetic co
operation of the States and Federal Govern
ment. Under ordinary circumstances indus
trial and commercial interests may be safely
left to the silent operation of the natural laws
But this is an exceptional case. The very
foundations of society have been broken up in
the South, and English experience Bhows that
much may be dona by extensive efforts in de
veloping the cotton trade in new fields.
The whole people of the United States have
a mighty interest in tho development and
restoration of the cotton trade. The coUou
crop of 1859-60 amounted to 5,387,650 bales,
valued at the prices then current at $200,000,-
000. The amount of American capital invest
ed in cotton manufactures, according to the
census of I’SGO, was, in round numbers, SIOO,-
000,WOO, giving employment to 118,920 per
sons. The raw material, amounting to a total
1 of $55,000,000, "yielded manufactured goods
valued at $115,000,000, boing an increaso of
75 per cent. In 1860-61, our exports, stimu
lated by tho prospect of civil war, amounted
to about $200,000,000. When we consider the
immeuse number of persons, white and black,
direcfly concerned in the production, ship
ment, and manufacture of cotton, iu the North
and South, we can appreciate, in connection
with the above figures, the immense impor
tance of the trade.
Duty 0 p 'the People.— The ensuing session
of .Congress is looked to with a great deal of
anxiety, as tho speeches of certain leading
men at the North recently made, shows that
they are bent on mischiet. It remains, there
fore, for the truly patriotic and conservative
men of the country, South and North, to
stand boldly and firmly by the President in his
wise and conciliatory administration of the
government. Let there be no party, or faction,
or clique, but let U3 all rally to the support of
the acknowledged defender of the Union and
the steadfast upholder of the Constitutional
rights of all sections of the land. In sustain
ing President Johnson and his policy of re;ccn
tructioD, under exieting circumstances, hep the
only hope for the early and permanent pacifica
tion of tfiecountry and the lasting wellare anu
happiness ol the people.
The Law on Tseison. —A man must, in due
form of law, be tried by a civil court of the
United St ites and by that tribunal be found
guilty, on the testimony of two witnesses to
tho overt act. or by contusion in open court be
convicted of the crime of treason against the
United States, before his lands can be confisca
ted or the titles thereto be made to pass from
him without his agreement and consent.
Poisoned ey Accident. —We understand that
two children of Mr. KUlingsworth, on the
Miiledgeville road, three miles from this city,
were accidently poisoned on Monday by the
administering of strychnine for quinine. One
of the children, a boy of about eight or ten
years old, died in a few minutes. The other, a
babe, still languishes, with little hope of re
covery. It seems that this medicine had been
in the house for some time, and w wTapped
in a paper marked quiniue.
The Cubkexct—Paper Monet to be Reduced
—The Secretary of the Treasury of the United
States made a speech a few nights since at
Fort Wayne, Indiana. He said he was one ol
those who look upon au irredeemable currency
as au evil which circumstances may for a time
render a necessity, but which is never to be
sustained as a policy. He favored a well se
cured convertible paper currency. No other
can to any extent be properly substituted for
coin. For all ordinary home transactions
paper money is sufficient, but there are con
stantly recurring periods when balances be
tween countries, and, in the United States,
between different sections, must be settled in
coin. Whenever specie is needed for this pur
pose, the paper money should bo convertible
and a circulation not so convertible will not
be and ought not to be tolerated by the peo
ple. The present inconvertible currency of
the United States was a necessity of the war,
but now the currency should be brought up to
a specie standard, and ho s:> v, • way of doing
it but jjby.withdrawing _ ;.:u;u cl' it from
circulation.
The extreme high prices now prevailing in
dicate that the business of the country is in an
unhealthy condition. We have a circulating
medium altogether larger than needed for legi.
tirnate business, and the excess is used in spec
ulations. The United Slates today is the
best market in the woild for foreigners to sell
in. Tue consequence is, Europe is selling us
more than she buys of us, including our se
curities which ought not to go abroad, and
there is a debt rolling up against ua which
must be settled in part, at least, with coin.
It Congress shall, early in the approaching
session, authorize the funding of “legal ten-
and the work of reduction is commen
ced and prudently carried on, we shall reach
it, probably, without injury and embarrass
ment to legal business. If not, we shall have
a biief period of seductive prosperity, result
ing iu wide spread bankruptcy and disaster !
The Secretary was hopeful that by wise legis
tiou we will escape a financial collapse, and
that the currency may be brought to a specie
standard; without those financial troubles
which have in all countries followed a pro
moted and expensive war.
The Late Virginia Election. —The late
Congressional flections in Virginia have re
sulted iu the election of three gentlemen who
cannot take the test oath, and five who can
take it. It is beyond all question that at least
two cannot take that oath, and therefore it
will have to be decided whether the oath is to
be an effectual barrier in any way of the ad
mission to their ipeats of those Representatives
who took part wiih their Scabs in their
attempt to withdraw from the Union.
One of the singular facts of this election is
the choice of John Minor Eotts to represent a
district ia which he does not reside} nor ever
has resided.
A New Firm. —With pleasure we call the at
tention of our readers k> the card of John H.
Mead & Son. These gentlemen have estab
lished themselves in the wholesale and retail
grocery and commission business, on Mcln
tosh street, in the rear of the Georgia Railroad
Bank. The senior partner of the house bas
been long and favorably known in our midst,
and we are quite sure his numerous friends
will give hin! a liberal patronage. He richly
deserves it.
At his old Stand.— lt will be seen from an
announcement elsewhere that Summereau is
at hit? old stand again with a large t stock of
goods in his lino- .Candies and cakes in abun
dance, can he found there ; als o every kind of
goods usually found in a first class confection
ery store. Parties supplied at short notice.—
Choice wines and liquors constantly on hand.
Revenue Cutter at Savannah. —The revenue
cutter Nausemond has arrived at Savannah-
She was sent there in accordance with the
order of the Secretary of the Treasury, and
will be stationed at Savannah for the protec
tion of the revenue on the coast cf Georgia and
Eastern Florida.
HIP" The telegraphic wires bring us the
intelligence that the Hon. Alexander H.
Stephens had left Washington, where he was
very kindly received, for his home in this
State, It is needless to say that he will meet
with a warm and hearty greeting from his
lellow-citizens.
The Corn Crof.— From all our exchanges
and from ail parts of the country, we receive
information that the corn crop of the present
season-will be unprecedentedly large. This is
a subject on which we hear no complaint from
any quarter.
Hon. Howell Cobb.— We understand this
distinguished gentleman has determined to
locate in Macon for the purpose of practicing
his profession. His comprehensive ability,
force of ch :racter aud influence, will render
him quite an acquisition to that city.
■— am
Gen Gaktuell. —The friends of this gentle
man will be pleased to learn that he has been
pardoned by the President.
The English Detectives at New York. —A
letter to the Philadelphia Ledger speaks thus
of the English Detectives which have lately
arrived at New Yoik to watch the Fenian
movement :
The Eexecutive (Committees of several of the
most prominent Fenian Clubs ara in secret
session, supposed with a view to checkmate
the operations cf sundry British detectives,
who are said to have arrived here for the pur
pose of watching their movements, so far as
they contemplate operations in Ireland. Cer
tain parties who have recently been initiated
into the Clubs arc suspected of being British
spies. To eject them and render it more diffi
cult for others to practice a like imposition, is
an object which every good Fenian says must,
EOtnthow, be accomplished.
STATE ITEMS.-
The Bibb county jail at .Macon was burned
Sunday. Lesssß,ooo. No insurance, suppos
ed to have been fired by the prisoners r none
of which, however, escaped.
The stock of the Mobile and Gerard Railroad
is selling at Columbus ior twenty-five cents on
the dollar.
W. E Quiilian hat appointed Postmas
ter at Miiitdgeville and entered upon his du
ties.
Bayard Taylor is now in Kansas on a lectur
ing tour.
KTA'IK CONVENTION.
LIST or DELEGATES.
Appling ; Daniel G Hopps, Frederick Doug
lass.
Baker ; W D Williams, Isaac K Hand.
Baldwin ; A H Ktnan, B B DeGraffenreid.
Banks ; Wm Turk, J L Jordan.
Bibb ; G M Logan. T G Holt, C R Cole.
Brooks ; W H Tharp, Wm Hudson.
Berrien ; H E Smith.
Bryan ; H L Smith, S F Williams.
Builock ; R Mcßone, S Brewster.
Butts ; John Barnett. L D Watson.
Burke ; Malcolm Jones, R T Jones, E T
Lawson
Campbell ; W A Turner, S G Johnson.
Cass ; J R Parrott, J R Wikle, Nathan How
ard.
Calhoun ; Geo W Cauley, Henry Hays.
Carroll ; E B Martin, W w Merroll, Charles
Walker.
Catooßa ; Edward Fowler, Wm Hemy.
Chatham ; Solomon Cohen, Thos E Lloyd,
Edward C Anderson.
Chattahoochee ; DII Burts, Wm Bagley.
Chattooga; J O Scott, and a tie between
Wesley Shropshire and McWhorter.
Cherokee; Jas O Dodd, W C Puckett, J E
Covington.
Clay ; R A Turnipseed, A D Womack.
Clayton ; J C Eilingtou, A L Huie.
Clark ; YL G Harris, J H Christy, J C
Johnson.
Cobb ; A J Hansell, D Irwin, Wm Ander •
son.
Colquitt; B C Watkins, F Clark.
Columbia ; James Jones, C IlJSheckly V M
Barnes.
Coweta ; W W Thomas, W F Wright, J E
Smith.
Crawford ; J T Simmons, A W Gibson.
Dade ; J W Curvetcn, E D Graham,
Dawson ; A J Logan, D P Monroe.
DeKalb ; H T Wootten, M A Candler.
Dougherty ; G V Wright, Henry Morgan,
larly ; B H Robinson, Joel W Perry.
Effingham ; M Rawles, J G Morrill.
Elbert; W H Adams, J S Lamar:
Fayette ; John Huie, P H Braaswell.
Floyd ; R D Harvey, Robt £1 More, T J
Davis.
Forsyth ; W H Bell, Clements.
Franklin ; N Gunnels, J M Freeman.
Fulton ; N J Hammond, J I Whitaker, Geo.
W Adair.
Gilmer ; B R Quillian, Sam'l Ralston.
Glynn ; James Ocoper,. Verbenas Dart
Gordon ; G M Thompson, James Harland,
James Rogers.
Green ; Y P King, N W Lewis, N M Craw
ford.
Gwinnett; R D Winn, J P Simmons, J W
Baxter.
Habersham ; Phillip Martin, Wm Grant.
Hall; J N Dorsey, D Welchel, S C Fraser.
Hancock; S Lawrence, C W Dußose, D
Harris.
Harris; E C Hood, H D Williams, A \V
Redding.
Hart; Wm Bowers, Thornton.
Heard ; W M K Wattsf B D Johnson.
Henry ; E B Arnold, John Hail, C T Zachry.
Houston ; Eli Warren, Jolm M Giles, Chas T
Goede.
Irwin ; John B Dormany, Jacob Young.
Jaclsson ; W S Thompson, J B S Davis, W L
Marler.
Jasper ; Henry Glover, Wm F Jordan.
Jefferson ; H V Johnson, George Stapleton.
Johnson ; Jero Parker, Noah Tison.
Jones ; Jas H Blount, D Ridley.
Laurens ; Nathan Tucker, Rob* Rbbinson,
Lae ; George Kimbrough, Wm Newsom.
Liberty ; John B Mallard, H F Horne. *
Lincoln ; J W Barksdale, John Dunn.
Lumpkin ; Wierd Boyd. H W lli'ey.
Macon ; Phil Cook, L M Felton.
Madison ; G Walsh, Dudley Chandler.
Marion ; M L Bivins, G W McDuffie.
Merriwetber ; O Warner, J L Dixon, T M
Brantly.
Muler ; Isaac Bush, Isaac E Bower.
Milton ; O P Skeleton, Wm Rogers.
Mitchell; Israel Maples. J A McGregor.
Monroe; E G Cabaniss, Wm M Murphy,
John Shannon.
Morgan ; Joshua Hill, Thomas J Saffold.
Murray ; W Luffman, B F Parker.
Muscogee ; W Williams, A H Chappell,
Hines Holt.
Newton ; P Reynolds, J J Floyd, J A Stew-
Oglethorpe ; W Willingham, W B Bright
well, J D Matthews.
Paulding ; S L Strickland, J H Weaver.
Pickens ; Slome Goede, R B McCutchelL
Pike ; W D Alexander, Giles Driver.
Poik ; J A Blance, Joel Brewer.
Pulaski ; I L Warren, Normon McDuffie.
Putnam ; D R Adams, R C Humber.
Quitman ; J T Turner, B H Rice.
Rabun ; G J King, G M Nether'and.
Randolph ; Morgan Calloway, L C Sale.
Richmond ; C J JeDkins, John P King, A C
Walker.
Schley ; C B Hudson, J C Lasseter.
Striven ; Geo R Biack, R W Lovett.
Spalding ; L T Doyal, D H Johnson.
Stewart ; E F Kirksey, J L Wimberlv, M
Gillis.
Sumter ; ASCutts, W W Barlow, W Brady.
Talbot ; M Bethune, Wm Holmes, Z B
Trice.
Taliaferro ; J A Stephens, Singleton and
Harvis.
Taylor ; A H Riley, E Q C McCrarv.
Terrell ; C B Wooten, D A Cochran.
Thomas-; J L Bewaid, J R Alexander, A T
Mclntyre.
,f._Troup ; J S Hill, RAT Ridley, N L Atkin
son.
Twiggs ; Ira E Dupree, Lewis Solomon.
Upson ; Joel Matthews, O C Sharman,
Walker ; Lawson Black, T E Patton, T
Parker.
Walton ; H D McDaniel, J B Sorrells, J W
Arnold.
Warren ; J M Roberts, N C Bacon.
Washington ; J S Hook, L C Matthews, D E
Cumming.
Webster ; Sampson Bell, C B Moore.
White ; A F Underwood, Isaac B Oakes.
Whitfield ; J F B Jackson, J M Richardson,
1) Talliaferro.
Wilcox ; Stephen Bowen, D Johnson.
Wilkes ; G G Norman, W M Reese.
Wilkinson ; J T Hudson, R J Cochran.
Worth—Wm A Harris, Jas M Rouse. *
The Next Cotton Crop —lt is all impoitant
to the South, as well as to the balance of the
world that the next cotton crop should be a
large one. If the ’laborers we have in our
midst will not work, means should at once be
takes to obtain help, which will. Every one
who has any interest in the welfare of the
South should awake to the importance of hav
ing oar now almost uncultivated fields once
more covered with the productions of the soil
The Louisville Journal speaks thus in regard
to the next cotton crop :
The present crop in the louth will amount
to little ; but next year a great effort ought to
be made to .raise a large crop. Prices for a
vear or two to come, at least, are likely to
rule high, probablv not much less than forty
cents. Now, if four million bales could be
raised during 1866 it would amount at that
price to the enormous sum of six hundred and
forty million dollars, or about one fourth of our
national debt. This simple statement is suffi
cient to show cf what importance a great crop
of cotton next year will be both to the in
dividual wealth of the country and to the gov
ernment in the payment of the national debt.
Such a crop would send new life and activity
through every channel of business from the
Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. The revenues of
i government would be of course corres-
Ipondingly increased and the burdens lifted
from the shoulders of the people.
Great Floods in India-Nearly 900 Houses
Destroyed. —The Kotree correspondent of the
Scindian gives the following account of a. dis
astrous storm which visited Hyderabad on tho
7th of August :
On Saturday morning the heavens appeared
covered with deep, dense c'ouds. and exhibit
ed signs of rain ; but as the weather had been
of late so uncertain, no rtliauce could be plac
ed in them. As the day advanced, however,
fierce gusts of wind burst forth and at inter
vals", while the firmament became by degrees
over-cast and dark. A short while after it com
menced driving ; this continued for some
time, and toward-evening, a smart shower fol
lowed. The rain, though thin and steady,
seemed dangerous for the houses, built as they
are of sunburned bricks,, flat-roofed, and oth
erwise of a week stiucture. It continued to
pour down incessantly during tho -whole ol
Saturday night, without, however, creating any
very great alarm among the people, though
many of them suffered a great deal from leak
age aid other inconvenhnees. But there was
neither thunder nor lightniug.
The following morning (Sunday), as the rain
did not cease, it was evident that some serious
crisis was at hand ; ere tho day advanced high,
the rainwater rose everywhere to two, ttoee
and, in seme places, five leet high, rendering
every street and lane impassable. This water,
as misfortune would have it, mingled with
the rushes of the hill torents, and, both com
bined, not finding a proper passage to the riv
er, flooded the whole station, and committed a
dismal work of desolation. ’ While the rain
was continuing to beat violently against the
roofs and walls of the houses, and tho flood
cutting away their base, house after house
tumbled down, and, in the course of about
three hours, hundreds of them were converted
into heaps of ruins.
The consternation and confusion among the
whole of tho inhabitants may be better imag
ined then described. Men, women and
children, terrear-stricken, were scattered over
the place, aud rushing iu every direction in
quest ol shelter. A greater number of them
flocked to the Dhurrumsalia, where they were
crammed to suffocation.
Iu another account it is stated that nearly
nine hundred houses weiy destroyed, but,
strange to say, only one life was lost. There
is not a single building in the whole place that
has not suffered some damage, either from
rain or flood. The loss of property and houses
is estimated at about two lacs of rupees.
The Great Steam Hammer.- -A Ltmdbn .pa
per describes an immense steam ljammer ;now
being made by Messrs. Nasmytl**ik ■QS* of
Paticroft. It is of gigantic proportions, and
will strike a blow equal to seventy five tons.
This of course will require an immense anvil
block, and the process of casting one tot it
weighing two hundred tons, was a work of un
usual interest. The process of manufacture
was as follows :
The iron was melted in two large patent
upper tupcrß cupola furnaces, twenty-four feet
in height and seven feet in diameter. The
molten metal was run into a mould in a con
stant stream, supplied alternately from each
furnace. The process occupied ten hours.
The metal was kept in a state of fusion by
means of burning charcoal until the whole
quantity is poured to.
The anvil block measures twelve feet square
at the base, and twelve feet six inches in
depth. The figure is pyiamidical, and it is
cast base upward. The metal contains a cer
tain proportion of Bessemer' still. The huge
castings is not likely to be perfectly cold at
three months hence, and it will certainly not
be reduced to sufficiently low temperature to
be dealt with under two months When cold,
it will be turned over. The bed for the re
ception of the block will ns enclosed in a
large circular wrought iron cylinder measuring
twenty feet in depth and eighteen feet in di
ameter. This will bo snnk in the giound and
filled with concrete, and, when finally de
posited in its bed, the anvii will appear about
wo feet six inches aboie the ground.
The Pacific Railroad. —This great enter
prise is not dropped,-though, owing to the
greater importance of matters near at hand,
we hear less of it than woi&l otherwise be the
case. Engineers are at work on the Pacific
end, as well as on the route from Nevada east
ward, and it is announced that their efforts to
discover a practicable opening through the
Sierra Nevada mouutains have been finally
crowned with success. This location was all
that remained before a very energetic move
ment began in California. The Sierra Nevada
stretches along the east-era boundary of the
State, between California and Nevada, from
Tulare county to Oregon. Its Southern ex
tension runs into the coast range. The Sierra
is lofty, lagged and inhospitable, with few
passes available for railway use. The engineers
now announce, however, that they have dis
covered a spot where they can construct a
road from the summit of the mountains to tho
Tucker river, on a grade not exceeding ninety
feet per mile. The most sanguine had expect
ed one hundred and five feet. This discovery
will be felt by the enterprise in a favorable
manner, and will tend to make the construc
tion earlier as well as easier. The opening
leads-naturally to Sait Lake city, which was a
way station on the route originally proposed,
as it is for the mail road to-day. .
Those who have an interest in, this gigantic
undertaking, which daily seems to assume
new strength and more substance, will be
glad to learn that so many months of explora
tion in an uncongenial region have been
crowned with success, and that the grade is so
much less than was expected. The difficulties
to be encountered in the range threading Utah
and Colorado are far inferior to those in the
Sierra Nevada ; and from Utah (he woik of
construction is comparatively easy. It ia
probable that tho discovery just made will
give new life to the undertaking, and that an
effort which is encouraged by both extremes of
the country, and felt to be - of paramount im
portance by all, will now be pushed more en
ergetically. When we connect what has been
done in California, with what is done and be
ing done from the banks of the Mississippi
westward, we have reasons for believing that,
vast as the effort is, it may yield before vigor
and energy, and that we may soon hear of the
more active progress of the greatest engineer
ing "work of the ag o.—Philadelphia Amtrican.
The President and State War Debts.— The
annexed dispatch from President Johnson
shows his position on State War debts :
To W. W. Rolden, Provisional Governor of
North i.Airollna :
Every dollar of the State debt created to aid
the rebellion against the United States should
be repudiated finally and forever. The great
mass of the people should not be taxed to pay a
debt to aid in carrying on a rebellion which
this neglect, if not to themselves, were op
posed to let those who have given their names
for the obligation of the State, lost to that
power they tried to establish in violation of
law, Constitution, and tho will of tho people.
They must meet their fate. I: is a misfortune
and can’t be recognized by the people of any
State professing themselves to be loyal to the
Government of the United State and the Un
ion.
I repeat that the loyal people of North
Carolina should be exhonorated from the pay
ment of every dollar of indebtedness caused to
aid-in carrying on tho rebellion. I trust and
hope the people of North Carolina will wash
their hands of every thing that partook in the
slightest degree of the rebellion which has so
recently been crushed by the strong arm of.the
Government in carrying out tne obligations
1 imposed by the Constitution of the Union.
Andrew Johnson,
President of the United States,
VOL. LXXIV.-—NE\
•**t Sew ■
Secretary Sewvrd
citizens of Aubu '
synopsis of it as
After congratm* >e
return of peace
saying that on
was necessary
arhe on behalf
hesitating L>or slave-uolder
practice though o'.. \ V?. o n( j yet j n
principle and assoc v a a Deoj 0c at, An
drew Johnson, with the efinsent of ft. whole
American Deople, assumed thesheat Mponsi
bility of Lincoln, n jounced
that slavery should be treat* a a public
enemy. Andrew Johnson end.. the an
nouncement. The attempted revolution cul
minaied when our National banner was suc
cessfully replanted in Tenne-see.
From that finm, though it was necessary to
prosecute the war with such energy as human
nature never before exerted, ft was equally
needful to prosecute the beneficent work of
restoring the Union, the of slavery
was thenceforth equally an element of per
sisten| war and of returning peace. Andrew
Jonnson was fitly appointed the first of the
Provisional Governors for the prosecution of
these double purposes of war and peace, and
was subsequently elect* and Vice President, in
the end constitutionally inaugurated President
of the United States. Wj are continually
hearing debates concerning the order aud
authority of the plan of restoration. New con
verts North and South call it the President’s
plan ; all speak of it as if it were anew and
recent development ; ou the contrary, we now
see that it is not specially Andrew Johnson’s
plans; not,even a.new plan in any respect. It
is the plan whiefe abruptly yet distincly of
fered to the last admifiistration at the moment
when the work of restoration was to begin.
It is essential that ttfc insurrectionary States
shall accept this plan. This is what I meant
when I said to Mr. Adams, that in the sense in
which the word subjugated was used by our
enemies it was not the expectation or purpote
of this Government that the Southern States
should be subjugated, but by the plan adopted
they would be brought to a voluntary return
to their allegiance. He spoke of the American
Uuio* as a system which the States were at
tacked as limbs, and said if a limb be broken
oft it must be restored to soundness before due
constitutional health and vigor can be brought
back to the whole system ; if a limb offend we
can cut it off and cast it away, but by doing so
would be doing what other nations less wise
than ourselves, have dono that have submitted
unnecessarily to amputation, and given us a
material portion of their strength to save them
selves from apprehended distraction.
Ho argited that-the reconciliation adopted so
promptly was the most wise course to pursue.
The plan, he said, gives us two great national
advances iu thoprogiess of moral and political
elevation, which are now to be made fast and
firmly fixed.
First, it secures voluntaiy abolishment of
slavery by the insurrectionary States ; and
secondly, an effectual adoption by the late
slave States themselves of the amendment to
the Federal .Constitution, prohibiting slavery
forever in any part of lhe United States. To
has tin tfc.is woik of reconstruction, he argued,
in the language of the President, that we must
trust each other as to fears ol too much lenien
cy on the part cf the President. He said, ex
cept those who have maimed and bereaved,
none had suffered more of wroDg, insult and
violence at the hands of the leaders of the re
bellion than the President., and cannot we for
get where he can forgive ? His terms of am
nesty are far more rigorous than those offered
by Abraham Ltocoln.
Mr. S guaranteed fidelity and faithfulness
on the part of Andrew Johnson. He had
never in his life met an an more free from per
sonal caprice and selfish ambiticn, none more
purely and exclusively moved in public action
by love of counfry. Mr. Sewa’d then passed
in review the different members of the Cabinet
since the first inauguration of Lincoln, speak
ing highly of them all. Concerning foreign
nations, he said he was permitted to say, in
general terms, we Lave claims on foreign na
tions for injuries to the United States and. her
citizeqs, and other nations have pretended
claims against this Government to them or
their subjects. He believed tho President
would conduct affairs in such manner as to
yield or recovei imdemnities justly due with
out any compicmise of national dignity or
honor.
With whatever jealousy we may adhers to
our of avoiding entangling
alliances with foreign cations, we must con
tinue to exercise a just and beneficial influence
ia.the international conduct of foreign States,
endeared to us by their adoption of republican
institutions. He was sure the President had
not lost sight of this important interest, and he
expected to soe republican institutions when
ever they have been heretofore established
throughout the American continents speedily
vindicated, renewed and revigorated.
Vast Steel Manufactory.— The establish
ment of F. Krupp, of Essen, is we’l known as
the largest steel manufactory in Europe, and it
may be said in the world , notwithstanding
the ms.gnitude of the Sheffield establishments.
The extent of the works ia 301 acres, and the
length of the railways for iuterior communica
tion about twelve and a half English miles, on
which four locomotives and one hundred and
fifty wagons are in constant use. The build
ings cover an area of 46 acres. There is a
gas work, and a bakery, and cooking establish
ments for the unmarried men. In 1864 in the
steel works, exclusive of the coiicries and blrst
furnaces, which are situated in Tayn, there
were 6.600 workmen. In the same year there
were in operation 350 srneltiog, heating, and
puddling furnaces, 136 steam engines from 4
to 1,000 horse power. 34 steam Lapomers- from
1 ton to 150 tons, 110 smithies, 508 turning and
other machines The production of 1864 was
27,000 ions of cast-steel, in gun3, axles, tyrep,
springs, rails,(boiler-plates, rollers, etc. The
productions are sent to every quarter, but
chiefly to England, Germany, France, Russia,
United States, and India. Tn may, 1865, the
establishment employed 8,000 workmen, and
produceion has increased po enormously that
it will be over 50,000 tom? /or the year. Ac
COTding to the London Star, arrangements
which have been for »< me t ime in progress ‘or
the organization in England of a great steel
woik in Styria to supply the Austrian empire
are now in course cf completion ; and from
tbe success of Mr. Krupp’e establishment in
Piussia, there can be little doubt in Austria,
whore the very best iron in the world for steel
making cm be obtained, a similar undertaking
would be successful and very p.otitable.
Josh Billings on Hens —Josh Billings talks
learnedly ps follows : “The best time tew
sett a hen iz when the hen iz ready. I kant
tell you what the best breed iz. but the shang
high iz the meanest It host az much to board
c-e az it dez a stage hossj and might az well
undertake to fat a fanning mill by running
oats thru it. There aint no profit in keepin a
hen for his eggs if he laz 3 less than one a day.
Hens ar very long lived, if tha dent contract
the throat disseaze; there iz a great many goes
to pot by this melankolly and sease. I kant tell
exactly how tew pick out a good hen, but az a
genera- thing the long eared ones, I kno. are
the least apt to soiatch up the garden. Eggs
packed in equal parts of salt and lime water,
with the other end down, will keep Irom 30
tew 40 yearß, if tha-ar not disturbed. Fresh
beefstake is good fur hens; I seipose 4 or 5
pounds a day would be awl a ben would need,
at first along. I shall be happee tew advise
with you, at enny time, on the hen question—
and take it in eggs.”
During the month of September, 552 patents
were issued.
. XXIV NO. 44.
-i NEWS SUMMARY.
Brougham is on his way tc this country
rope.
hh extensivo fire has been raging in Dismal
j bruanip lately, aud it is probable that thous
j ancs o f acres will be burnt over.
TLo population of Lowell, Mass., is supposed
i<? have increased 6,500 since the first of May.
~ Very richi veins of gold have recently been
discovered in Minnesota, near Lake Superior.
lhe Atlanta Intelligencer thinks from the
natu.e of the country, that petroleum could be
found at the foot of Lookout Mountain.
A farm is to he selected somewhere in the
region of Jacksonville and sot apart as a home
for the aged, Infirm and destitute of the freed
people. , '
Major Gen. Foster has gone on a tour of in
spection through Eastern Florida. He will
probably visit also Pensacola and Key West.
During the recent great fire among the oil
wella al Pike Hole City, in Pennsylvania, the
speculators gathered, and instead ol rushing
frantically to and fro, in the agony of despair,
commenced indulging in their favorite busi
ness, and before day dawned, a vast number of
“sixteenths” had changed hands.
The new House of Representatives in the
Pennsylvania Legislature will consist of sixty
four Republicans and thirty-six Democrats. Os
the eleven Senators elected, seven are Repub
licans and four Democrats. The Republicans
will have thirty-six majority on joint ballot.
It is thought that in consideration of the
plea of guilty entered by young Keichum, he
will be sent to the penitentiary fer two years
and a halt.
A correspondent says the corn and cotton
crops ot Miss’ssippi are a failure, and tho
State will have to draw ration*, * from other
States.
The small pox is quite prevalent at Mont
gomery, Alabama.
Hon James E. Saunders, of Lawrence, de
clines being a candidate for Governor of Ala
bama. Hon. R. W. Smith, of Tuscaloosa, has
announced himself as a candidate for the
office. Three candidates ar» now in tho field.
What little crop was planted iff West Ten
nessee is turning out well.
Col Venable, Gen, Lse’s aid-de-camp, has
been elected professor of Chemistry in the
Louisiana State Military Academy.
Lieut. W. F. Lynch, formerly of the United
States Navy, and commander of the Dead Sea
expedition, died in Baltimore October 17, iu
his 64th year. At the outbreak of the war he
resigned his commission, removed to the South,
and was made a Commodore in the Confeder
ate navy. He was a native of Norfolk, Va
Berstadt’s famous picture of the Rocky
Mountains have been purchased by Mr. Mc-
Henry, ono of the English capitalists now in
this country, for $25,000.
The largest steamboat in.tho world will soon
be sfloat upon the North River, N. Y.
A gratifying report is made by Gen. Fisk,
the Commissioner of freedmen for Kentucky
und Tennessee, who states that he has been
successful in drawing hundreds of freedmen
from the cities to good places in the country,
thereby dispensing with the necessity for thir
teen large negro camps and hospitals, which
were carried on at the expense of the govern
ment.
There are exciting times in the Tennessee
Legislature on the negro franchise question.
Lieut. Maury has received from the Emperor
Maximilian papers of naturalizition. He is,
therefore, now a Mexican citizen.
The Croton reservoirs, which supply New
York city are still full, despite tho long
drought.
A number of the friends of Dr. O. A.
Brownson have presented him with a life an
nuity of one thousand dollcis per annum.
The practice of appropriating other peoples’
horses in East Tennessee, without leave still
continues.
The black laboreis in Lower Maryland in
most cases, are workiDg well.
The plan of extending the Harlem Railroad
northwards from Ch-thhm, New York to Ben
?ington, Vt., so as to connect with the Western
ermont road and form a straight line from
New York to Montreal, is likely to be „carried
out. It is stated that $1,300,000 of the capital
stock of $1,800,000 has already been subscribed
Coimnodore Vanderbilt having taken SSJO.-
000, and Mr. Parr, of Bennington, Vt, $200,000.
Humphrey Marshall is in New Orleans prac
ticing law
A terrible affray occurred on election day at
Madison precinct, Fremont counly, lowa, in
which William Blue wa6 stabbed iu the abdo
men, and Jack Blue shot in the spine. One
man, by the name of Hale, received five stabs
and a shot in the back Another min of tho
same name was knocked down and severely
injured, a man badly stabbed, and several
others more or lees injured. None of the in
jured are dead, but all are in a critical condi
tion. The quarrel was not a political one, but
resulted from an old famiiy^grudge.
At the Democratic Ratification Meeting in
New York city October 18, speeches were de
livered by Gen Slocum, Montgomery Blair,
and John Van Buren. President Johnson’s
reconstruction policy was endorsed. Nogro
suffrage was denounced, and the necessity of
enforcing the Monroe doctrine in regard to
Mexico was maintained.
Tbe first cotton manufacturing company Or
ganized on the Pacific coast, have commenced
operating a mill in San Francisco with a paid
capital of SIOO,OOO. They will begin manu
facturing in November, with thirty two looms,
employing 300 operatives. They will manufac
ture drills and standard bheetings. Raw cot
ton to supply mills will come from Mexico at
present, but experiments now being tried,
justify the hope that the article may be raised
cheaper in California.
The assessment of the real and personal pro
perty of Chicago has just been published. The
total amount is $64.703 600, of which $44,-
058,922 is real and $20,644,678 personal. In
1864 the total valuation was $48,732,782.
Tho Commissioners on their way to treat
with the Indians at Fort Sully, reached Crow
Creek on the 4th inst. Delegations from vari
ous tribes were on their way there and could
remain but a short time on account of the
scarcity of food among their people.
About a year a .d# Half ago, Mr. Alexander
of Kentucky, sold his colt Norfolk for fifteen
thousand and one hundred dollars. The colt
was taken to Colifoinia, and has recently
beaten the famous hoise Lodi. He mado two
miles in three minutes and thirty seconds, the
fastest time on recond for that distance.
The Leavenworth, Kansas, Journal learnß
that the party sent out to explore the Smoky
Hill rout discovered a-veiu of coal along the
Smoky Hill seven feet thick, extending for
sixty-five or seventy miles. The supply to all
appearances Is inexhaustible There are also
acres upon acres of iron ore. The mineral
wealth of the extreme western part of the
State is of immense value. The valleys are
rich and productive and capable of sustaining
a dense population.
Trains are now running from Philadelphia
to Lycchbuig. without change of cars, a feat
never accomplished before the war.
Hon. Robt. M Patten, of Lauderdale, is
tho prominent candidate for Governor of
Alabama
The import entries of the week ending
October 7, at New York, % including the dry
goods return in our last paper, amount to $4,-
288, 947, as against the total entries of $3,-
247,663 same week last year. The export
clearances of domestic produce amount to $2.-
418,527, against $3,622 350 same week last
year The export of specie amounts to $316,-
092. against $287,758 same week last year—
The customs for tee week are $3,690,916. —
The receipts of cotton, coastwise aDd by rail
road, are 22,866 bales. The number of emi
grant passengers arrived during the week is
6,182
John Minor Botta has been nominated for
i Congress in the Lynchburg, Virginia, District,
I in place of an ineligible candidate.