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X S. MORSE.
%siwU ft s»ffttir>ri
TIIK 4 HOLEHA.
When the cholera commenced its ravages in
the East, creating such havoc among the Llo
homme ian pilgrim* and devastating the east
ern cities, it was the hope of all men that tho
disease would bo confined to the Mediterranean
basin. Such was the exptctation of many
learned medical men, and such seemed like’y
to he the result; for a certain chock seemed to
be imposed upon its progress far inland, even
when it was raging with the greatest violence
c'ong the coast But this hope lias been dis
appointed, and this theory overthrown by sub
sequent facts. Italy, France, even to Paris,
K ig'and and Spain are suffering, to a greater
or lei-s extent, from the presence of the de
etroyer, neither sea nor land having proved
any barrier to iis advance ; Madrid has been
especially under tliescourgo of this disease, it
haviDg appeared there with greater violeuco i
than iu any Western portion of E iropo, ov.ir g
to the peculiarly unhealthy construction of that
city. In England ils presence is felt as yet, iu
a comparatively slight degree.
It is not likely that tho Atlantic will offer
more resistance to tho progress of the cholera
than lias the English channe', and we may ex
pect its next appearance here. Its approach
may be stayed by tho cold ot winter, although
that is no sure preventive the winter of 1830
having seen St. Petersburg suffering most
■tverely with the pestilence In England it
broke out in the fall of tho same year, stayed
its ravages during tho winter, and resumed
them with frightful activity in the following
spring and summer, arriving at this country
iu June.
This seems to be the general course,
that oao which wo may expect to see followed
iu this cate. It originates in the east, travels
westward, and merely hibernates, not expires,
during the cold season. Tho French govern
ment is considering the purpose of attacking
the disease at its original starting point, by
securing surveillance of those crowed caravans
uud resting place of the ' eastern pilgrims, and
also of their great sacrifices from which so
ninth corruption results. By proper sanitary
measures, tho cistern nations corporatiug, the
dt sited result might be obtained, at least in a
great m< asute, and the gratitude of the world
•would bo but slight recompensed for tho
good which might be thus accomplished.
But this will not bring relief iu the present
danger. The cholera has started on its course
and cannot be turned back. All we can do is
to remove those causes of its spread which are
possible to be reached, and to be ready to sup
press its first attacks. The conditions raosi
favorable to the development of the disease
are, fortunately, well known, andean be easily
changed. These are, if we may belieyo the
statements of those who hare made it the sub
ject of study and investigation, nothing more
than variations upon the comprehensive
theme, filth. Insufficient sewerage, neglected
refuse and garbage, crowded tenements, un
wholesome lorlgiugs, decaying animal and veg
etable matter—those things, which arc shock -
ing to a retined and healthy sensibility, pro
pare tho way and aid the progress ot the dis
ease. During the last cholera season iu Eng
land, not a case occurred in the “model lodg
ing houses,” where" cleanliness and ventilation
was provided for and enforced, while numbers
were attacked about them. But unless care be
exercised thoroughly, there k ie no safety for
any, the disease spreading to the cleanly and
careful from its inception among the more
filthy portion. There is no absolute security
except in the entire removal of the existing
causes, and a conotaut inspection over the
whole ground.
Without Buch precautions as will remove
these “fever nests,” our larger cities, aud more
especially such a seaport as New York, will
present a ripe field for the harvest of death
dnd in those of smaller population, the
plague will be invited, aud life needlessly
thrown away, If measures aro not tsken to
search out and destroy those hiding places of
disease which exist in every city. Better to
tike unnecessary precautions than to find our
selves defenseless in the power ot the plague.
But should the cholera attack our popul iti< n !
as it will, in all probability, iu spite of those
preventive luoasuies which will be taken and
■the many which will not be adopted, it is not
so tenib’o but that it may be stayed if we
check it at the first attack. There are two
stages of the case, the first a mild, painless aud
uualaruiiug diarrhea, which continues for some j
ittlo time before the -latter fatal stag a of col
upso commendes. Iu the first stage, the
disease, it is said, can be checked by the oidi
miry means of allaying diarrtie i.
Acting upon these facts, during previous
visitations of cholera, great good has been done
and many lives saved in some English towns
by the organization of committees whose duty
it was to visit each house several times a day,
inquiring for these premonitory symptoms of
the disease, ami enforcing the application of
the proper remedies. The result was that
many dis’ricts were entirely shielded from the
ravages of tho cholera, while many thousand
cases ot pairless diarrhoet were treated. At
pretest the same thing is btiug done to a large
extent. Similar associations be formed iu this
country to check the ravages of the expected
plague. From the good accomplished in
England, there can be no doubt of the propri
ety of tuch measures lure.
Thus we see that, altough there is c. strong j
probability that by next summer, at the latest,
we shall have the cholera at our doors ; tkete
need be uo fear (or the re.-ultsif we but pre
pare to lective it by removing such things us
it feeds aud to break down its attacks
at the first notice. This will require confide
raole attention and labor, bat it should not be
grudged.
Cotton is Illinois. —A Southern liliro's cor
respondent of the Cairo Democrat says the cot
ton cr ip in ttat sectiou has beta exceedingly
good—far better than the most sanguine pro
dieted.
RELEASE OF TWO DISTINGUISHED STATE PRISON
ERS — lion J A Seddon late Southern Secre
tary of W,.r, and Hon A G Magtath, late Gov
ernor of South Carolina, have been released
from Fort Pulaski by order of the President.
Tiie Mexican Question — Thus far little las
been said in Congress in regard to Mexico.
• his much we do know, however, in regard to
t! e policy and public opinion of United States
on the Mexican question as officially express
ed. In April, 18C4, the House of Uepresenta -
tive6 of the United States passed the following
resolution :
“That tte Congrrss of the United States are
unwilling, by silence, to leave the nations of
she world under the impression that they are
indiff -rent spectators of the deplorable events
now occurring in the Republic ot Mexico ;
and t l ey therefore think tit to declare that it
does not accord with the policy of tho United
Slates to acknowledge a mon irchical-govern
ment, erected on the ruins of any republican
government in America, under auspices of any
European Power.”
On the 4th ot April the above resolution was
reported from the Committee on foreign affairs,
and was put on its passage the same day. Dem
ocrats and Republicans alike ppoke in its fa
vor; and it passed, under tho yeas and nave,
without a dissenting voice: yeas 109, nays 0.
The next day, April 5, Mr. Morrill and several
other members who had been absent when the
vote was taken, asked to be allowed to record
their names in tin affirmative.
Tho Secretary of State, Mr. Seward, in send
ing to our Minister in Paris, Mr. Dayton, a
copy of this resolution, und°r date of April
7ih, wrote as follows :
“T his resolution truly interprets -the unani
mous sentiment of the people of tho United
States as to Mexico.” He adds that “the Pres
ident does not at present cotih mp late any
departure from the policy which this Govern
ment lias hitherto pursued in regard to rhe
war which exists between France and Mexico.”
Thus, while the Government of the United
Slates, engaged in the late strugglo regained
from any act which the Government of France
would regard as cause of war, it recogniz j d the
fuc* that tho unanimous voice of our people—
the basis of all Government in a Republic—is
opposed to the ere.clion iu Mexico of a monar
cby under tho auspices of any European Power.
The Position of tub United States on the
Coi lie Trade.— An enterprising firm iu New
Oilcans having nbundant means, extensive
foreign connections, and familar with the
bus!aeea of tho coolie tin do, conceiving tho
idea of importing coolies to cultivate the until
led and unoccupied plantations of the far
South, which mußt become deserts if the labor
of the fieodmenjs depended upon, recently ap
plied to Mr. Seward, Secretary of State, to
know whether the United States, would aid in
or sanction the experiment.
This communication was referred to the Bu
reau of Immigration, which replied that tho
coolie trade was prohibited by an act of Con
gress ot 18G2. That Act makes itapeual of
fence for registered United States ships to en
gage fn what is eullcd the coolie trade ; that
is, the deportation of Chinese from any part of
China to any port, with a view of holding
them to voluntary servitude, or for a term of
years, as laborers. The same Act, however,
provides that no obstacles should be made to
the voluntaty character of such deportation ; it
requires a certificate of the United States Con
suls in China.
Wo notice several prominent men of Louisi
ana and several of tho New Orleans papers are
advocating tho importation of Coolies to work
on plantations.
Tins Agassiz Expedition. —Professor Agassiz
is continuing his triumphal progress thrcueli
South America, or was at last accounts, news
trorn such a distance * traveling but slowly.
Ilis party started on the trip up the Amazon
river on the 20th of August. The intention is
that the whole party shall go up the river two
thousand eight hundred miles, to the frontier
of Peru, and then separate for a time, some
going on to the headwaters and others remain
ing nearer the South. In a scientific way,
the expedition is a groat success. Tha de
partment of ichthyolgy is receiving great ad
ditions by the exertions of the explorers
wham n the Amazon. Wibin three weeks they
k. and classified more than three
hundred entirely new species of fishes. The
Indians of that country are a small, well
formed, copper colored rnce, friendly and ac
commodating, assisting the explorers while off
on their -pedilions. The heat and mosquitos
arc said to be something unkuowu to those
who hive not experienced them, the former
being so intense that no one venture out ex
cept in the early morning or the evening.
The ptofessor is very energetic and
active, and is much encouraged at the suc
cess of his expedition.
The Chicago Abt&han Well.— The artesian
well ai Chicago is represented to be the finest
in the woild. In December, 18G3, the hole
was commenced with a diameter of five inches.
In J muary following, when at the depth of
sixty-five feet, the tools got fast, and the well
was abandoned. Another was started in a few
weeks, aud when at the deplr ot ssven hun
dred and eleven feet, an arch of rock suddenly
give v.ny, aud the water burst forth in gr*eat
volume and force. The bole bad been drawn
into four and a half inches at the bottom,
through which orifice the water flows at the
rate ot 600.000 gallons per twenty-four hours,
at a uniform temperature of 33 degrees Faiin
reheit, and in the words of the President of
the Company, “is as clear as crystal, as pure
as the diamond, free from all animal or veg
etable matter, and fioin aH injurious sub
suiuCes. and its conn osition is such that it is
better adapted for drinking fer
health, than any other water known.’’
ThS French Universal Exposition —lt ap
pears from official correspondence that Fre?i.
dent Johnson takes ereat interest in the com
ing Puru Universal Exposition for 1867. and
thit this fact was communicated to the French
Couneellor of Scute aud Special Commissioner.
Minister Bigelow was instructed by Secretary
Sc-waid to ask for an extension of tiie time
within which the Commissioner of the United.
Slat s will he required to present his.plan, to
the 31st of January pext To this the Impe
rial Commissioner assented, in a note to
Minister Bigelow the Counsellor of R.ste says .
“1 a:u glad to renew the assurance cf tiie very
lively interest which I attach personally to see
ing at kjast for the first tipe, your great na
tion represented e.tVt Universal Exposition. I
acid that I am in this only the interpreter of
the desires of the Qppercr and of the Impe
rial Coumififiop.”
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 6,1865,
The South American Alliance, —Just now
when anew war is breaking out in South Amer
ica, involving one of the States which entered
into the defensive alliance of last January, in
the city of Lima, the tcrm3 of treaty, as appli
cable to events now occurring, have a fresh
interest. The States whi?h entered Into the
agreement were : Salvador, Venezuela, Boli
via, Chili, Ecuador, Peru, United States of Co
lombia.
These States solemnly bound themselves
not to commit hostilities against each other;
questions arising would bo referred to atbi
tration, they would prevent by all possible
msans the preparation or collection of mate
rials of war within their territory, the enrolling
or recruiting of persons, or the fitting out of ves
sels to operate in a hostile manner against
each other; they would not permit the transit
of troops, arms or implements of war across
their territory if designed for u«e against any
one of them; they would not allow vessels or
squadrons of nations at war with any one of
those subscribing to the treaty to provide
themselves in their ports with articles which
are contraband of war, &c.
These provisions amount; to iitlle more than
the observance of a strict neutrality. They
require nothing like forcible intervention, in
any circumstances. Chile acted a prominent
part in the Congress of South American Re
publics, and her disposition to aid Peru—so
strongly manifested in the recent difficulty be
tween that government and Spain—affords
good reason to believe that she has their warm
est sympathy. What action the allied repub
lics may take in the present emergency oan
only be conjectuied.
Affairs in Texas.—A letter writer who has
passed over several counties in Eastern Texai
where there are no negro soldiers, gives his
obseivationa in a letter to the New Orleans
Times. He represents freedmen as keeping
contracts, attending to their woik, and says
they will have, at the close of the year, money
and piovisions. They and their children are
healthy, la the larger places where there ate
uegro soldiers they are crowded with freed
men who have not kept their contracts, who
congregate together in huts, and are without
food or provisions. Many of them do not
work, and numbers are dying, while their small
children are, ia many instances entirely neg
lected.
He states that west of Trinity river the far
mers were gathering in with the ireedmen a
good cotton crop, lhey were doing good work.
The small farmers ars all doing well. They
intend planting half their ground with cotton.
In five years they will be wealthy. These
small tanners raise everything, make molasses
rora Chinese and African canes, have cattle,
earn and wheat to sell, and raise their rice.—
In a year they will have the articles named
and several bales of cottou each.
The Condition ot Alabama.—ln a speech
recently made in New York to a meeting,
called tor the purpose of considering the giant
ing of aid to the Southern States, Governor
Parsons said that Alabama, having a fighting
population of 90,000, furnished 122,000 sol
diers to the Confederates ; 35,000 died in bat
tlo or from wounds and disease, and a large
proportion of those who returned, came back
broken or disabled by wounds which renders
thorn unfit for active service. The white pop
ulation of that State was 325,000, according
to the census of 1860, aud*at the time General
Wilson invaded it, the Stale was feeding 138,-
042 wcnien, children, and others. Os the
black force were 44 0,000 who were supplied
with food and everything necessary for sub
sistence physically. The State had appiopria
ted eeven millions of dollars for the purpose
of procuring relief for the whites. The wealth
iest had but little meat. For want of atttn
tion, and frem drought and the idleness of
negroes, the State is now left with one-fith
of a corn and small grain crops. Unless re
lief was fnrnishpd there would be heavy suf
fering.
Largest Vineyard in the World. —It is said
that the Buena Vista Vineyaid, in Sonoma
County California, is the largest in the world.
It consists of 600 acrSs, with 272,000 vine
planted previous to 1865, aud 700,000 planted
or to be planted this year. Last yeai the yield
was 42,000 gallons of still wine, 60,000 bottles
of sparkling wine, and 12.000 gallons o*
brandy. One hundred men are constantly
employed, and double that number during the
vintage. There are 8,000 fruit trees, and large
varieties of grape3. The wines of this celebra
ted vineyard are becoming justly celebrated
They can be had in this city of Messrs. Blair.
Smith & Cos., arc tha agents for Georgia.
The Mineral Resources of Idaho.— The dis
covery of rich mines of cinnabar, or quicks'll
ver, in Idaho Territory, is likely to bo impor
taut, if present estimates of its value are con
firmed. *A letter from Ruby City, says “the
existence of a vast bed of cinnabar ore in the
location before spoken of is beyond all ques
tion.” Os one thing the world may rest as
sured,' that New Almiden will ettjoy a mo
nopoly of quicksilver mining no longer till the
mines of Owyhee can be made to yield.” Sev
eral new gold discoveries are spoken of, but
the want ot facilities of transportation in Idaho
is the great obstacle to mineral development.
Americas Cotton Sckd in China. —Some
months ago Mr Hanbury announced, through
the lccaLpapers, that he bid obtained some
American cotLn seed, and that he would dis
tribute specimens cf it to those who might
wish to experiment on its growth, a portion
of this seed was planted by Mr. Yaucher in his
garden. The result is a patch of cotton far
superior to any China cotton. The climate
ha- agreed with it, an 1 the plants are in ns
flourishing a condition as though they had
never bees from their nativcaoil.
Coolie Emigration.— Advices from India
speak of the coolie emigration as increasing.
According to cue authority, the number leaving
India is estimated at 10.009 per annum At
last accounts no les3 than six French ships had
been chartered to take coolies to Havana, and
still another for Tariti. Heretofore the desti
nation of th ; s class of laborers has been chiefly
the British West India Islands, they
are conveyed in accordance with requests from
lh» governors of colonies.
The Augusta and Macon kailroad. —The
Mavor of Macon has called a meeting of citi
zens “to consider upon the proper means to be
taken to induce the completion ot the Macou
& Augusta Railroad at the eailiest possible
day.” The Macon papers are also urging tho
necessity of having the unfinished part of the
road laid at once. The distance is only thirty
one miles, between Milledgville and Mayfield.
The road between these points is already graded
and needs only the superstructure. When this
js laid you will have almost an air line from
Augusta to Montgomery, through Macon. A
line shorter by thirty od«i miles than the pres
ent one via Atlanta. This line will consist of
the Georgia Railroad to Camak, thence by the
Micca & Augusta Road to Millodgeville—
thence ’ey the Central to Macou—the Musco
gee Road to Columbus, and so on. A glance
at the map of Georgia will show the reader
how direct this route will be, and what great
advantages it will possess over the present one.
An Important Proclamation from Gov
Johnson. —Provisaioual Governor Johnson has
issued at Milledgeville, a’ proclamation in ac
cordance with an ordinance of the late Con
vention, providing for the formation of one or
more militia or volunteer companies in each of
the counties of the State, “to act as "a police
force to suppress violence, to preserve order,
and to aid tho civil officers in the enforcement
of the lavs, under such regulations ss might
be consistent with the laws .of the United
States.”
The proclamation i3 a very important one.
The organization of a militia force should com
mence at once in every in the State.
The unsettled condition of the country de
mands it. Care should be taken to place
them under the command of discreet and com
petent officers.
Agricultural Resouacss or Nevada. —The
Agricultural Department at Washington has
received a report from Oliver Hyde, Jr , a cor
respondent, at Dayton, State of Nevada, dated
i October 28, in reference to the condition of the
crops in that section of the country. Refer
ring to the great agricultural resources of that
State, he says he sowed forty-two pounds of
oats on half an acre, wnich yielded niue hun
dred pounds ; five eights of an acre of barley
yielded eighteen hundrel and seventy two
pounds ; one-quarter of an acre of wheat
yielded five hundred and fifty pounds. He has
planted two aud three quarters of acres In po
tatoes, which look very fine, and will produce
fully eight thousand pounds per aore. The
ground is new, and all this sewing and plant
ing has been done since the second of May last
Gov. Parsons Message. —ln his message so
the legislature of Alabama, Gov. Parsons urges
the adoption of the amendment of the consti
tution of the United States abolishing slavery,
and the passages cf laws protecting the negroes
in their person and property. This coarse,
the governor says, will secure the admission
of representatives iu congress, and restore to
the State all her political rights in the Union.
He opposes a special code for the government
of negroes, and recommends the adoption
of a vagrant law bearing alike upon white and
black ; and suggests that vagrant laws similar
to those of Massachusetts be adopted. He also
recommends that provisions be made for des
titute white and black persons.
Gen. Logan and the Mexican Ministership
—A late Northern paper states that Gen. Lo
gan will make his future home in Chicago ;
that ‘ he will not accept the appointment as
Minister to Mexico—at least for the present.
He has bad no word with President Johnson
since he was named for the place, and he re
gards his appointment as simply a marked
demonstration in favor of the Liberal cause.
Gen. Log in says if the President will endotse
hie commission as Minister to Mexico with an
order for 20,000 armed men to accompany him
to the capital of that country, he is ready to
go at a moment’s warning.”
The Alabama Planter’s Convention. —The
planters’ State convention of Alabama assem -
bled at Montgomery November 22nd, and was
organized by the election of ex-Gov. B. A
Moore as president : J. M. Calhoun, W. H
Crenshaw aud T. B.,Coopjr as vice presidents
and Dr, $L B. Cloud aa secretary. The disot
genized labor system of the State will occupy
the main attention of this body, and measures
adopted looking to tho availability of the fre6d
men to meet the want. Gen. Bragg was re
quested to address the convention on the sub
ject
The Louisiana Sugar Chop.— A letter writer
who has been traveling through Louisana
says that the sugar cane iu that State has con
tinued to improve rapidly under the rains and
favorable temperature of the fall. [The present
growing crop is truly splendid, and though
cotton promised best early in the season, the
sigar planters are now regretting that they
did not attend better to their own proper cul
ture. In the meantime, the planters are vig
orously preparing for the grinding, which will
not begin until late this year.
Congreticnal Deleoation. — From the best
information we have been able to obtain, we
are led to believe that the following named
gentlemen have been elected to Congress from
this Slate :
I Dis—Solomon Cohen.
II Dis— Phillip Cook.
111 Dis—Joseph Buchanan,
IV Dis—E GCabaniss.
V Dis—J D Mathews.
VI Dis—J H Christy.
VII Dis—W T WoSord.
Direct Steam hip Communication Between
Savannah and Liverpool.— The steamship
Darien, el Liverpool, commanded by Csptain
Haran, is at present in Savannah. She is the
first of a tegular line to ran between St. Thom
:.g. Savannah and Liverpool, belonging to the
West India and Pacifi: steamship Company,
Tho capacity of the vessel is 3,500 bales of
cottCD. The agents in Savannah for the above
company ate Messrs. Brigham, Baldwin A Cos.
Cotton is Texas.— All advices from Texas
concur is stating notwithstanding the
diougLt the cotton looks well, but hands jo
pick it are co scarce that it is thonght forty
thousand bales will be lost from this cause.
Mexico and her Ku>curc: s.— The Empire
of Mexico is divided into 50 departments, with
an area of 712.850 square miles, and a popu
lation of 8,218,080 souls. It is more thau three
times as large as France, four times as large as
Spain, and about thirty times the size of Hol
land and Belgium. It is in extent and inter
nal resources a first class empire.
No country on earth has as many natural
advantages. Mexico is self sustaining in every
way. She raises her own breadstuffs of every
kind—her beef and pork—her coffee, sugar,
and chocolate—her indigo, coebincal, and vajj
nilla —her wool, thread and cordage, and is now
producing a large quantity of her cotton. She
produces wines, aguardieath, me zeal, and pui
qtie, in the greatest abundance. In the North
ern departments bordering on the Rio Grande,
there is a fine grazing region. Here are ira
mense herds of horses, mules, cattle, and sheep.
The middle portion cf the empire is moro
devoted to agriculture—to corn and wheat,
and rye and barley, and oats. Here the Irish
potatoe grows we!!. The Pacific and Atlantic
coasts tire well adapted to sugar, coflee, tobac
co, and rice, and all the tropical plants and
fruits. In the extreme South, in Yucatan,
Catnpache, Tehuantepec, Tabasc, and La
guna, is the country for dyewoodsl mahog
any, and the very bsst cocoa. Here also
grow, in great perfection, the cocoanut and
the. chirimoya, and every other inter tropical
fruit.. The. lovers of natural history, will find
here in their native forests, the noblest speci
mens of animated nature.
Oajaca produces cochineal and indigo in
large quantities, while the high lands of Jalapa
have monopolized, for years, the production of
the celebrated “purgative drug.”
The most valuable silver mines are situated
in Tulancingo, Zacatecas, S*n Luis Potcsi.
Guanajuato, Jalisco, Guerro, Sinaloa and
Chihuahua. The copper mines of Chihuahua
are said to be the richest in the world, and the
pearls of Lower California have ever been in
great demand. The silver mines of Real del
Monte and Pacbuca, in Tulancingo, are but a
short distance from this country, and are now
yielding their owners large dividends. The
mines of Guerrero are not only rich in silver
and gold, but the streams abound in precious
stones.
The Mifit of Mexico has coined from 1800 to
1860, in silver §405,924,493 ; in gold $26,171,-
644. How much of these precious metais was
coined before 1800, and how much was taken
out of the country by Spanish Viceroys, by
refugee Presidents and generals, and by that
system of smuggling carried on so successfully
for so many years, will never bo known.
This is a vast empire of mountains and val
leys. The valleys are exceedingly rich and
productive, while the mountains are filled
with hidden treasures. Two-thirds of all the
silver In circulation in the wide world has
bean taken from Mexico. Mexico is richer to
day than shis ever was. New mines are daily
discovered and worked with improved ma
chinery. There are in her mountains ten
thousand times more silver and gold than have,
been taken out. All she wants is energy—en
ergy-energy.
Fejaks of Fortune — A lady of.Riehmond,
of the highest respectability and afluence be
fore the war, by oae of the vicissitudes of
dame fortune become separated from her hus
band during the early days ot the Confederacy.
For years she heard nottiiDg of him, and at
last the melancholy conclusion was accepted,
that he was dead. la the meantime she be
came reduced iu circumstances, and at the
time when the Federal troops occupied the
city she was compelled to dispose of her costly
and elegant furniture. This she did, piece by
piecg, until the last object which served to
bind her to her former independence had been
sold; and she began to despair. Only a few
days ago she received a letter from a gentle
men residing ia Mississippi, in which she was
informed that her husband had lately died,
leaving a fortune of ovn- sixty thousand dol
lars, of which she was the oniy heir. A check
for one thousand dollars accompanied the
letter for her immediate wants, and she im
mediately took her departure for the place
where her unexpected iorluae awaited her.
It appears that her husband having enlisted in
the army, was discharged on account of illness,
and owing t j the unsettled state of the coun
try, preferred to remain iu the extreme South
until the close of the war. While there he
became engaged iu variou* speculations, and
made a large amount of money, intending to
rejoin his family as soon as peace was declared.
He invested his luuds in cotton, and had just
disposed ot it when death closed his career.
He had w.itteu many letters to his wife, but.
strange to say, none 01 them reached her ; the
above letter being the first information she
had been abie to obtain ns to his Rich
mond Times.
An Adventure in tue Oil Region.—The
Rev. J H Stubbs, of Titusville, related the
following at a prayer meeting in his own
church, one oay last week—having received
his information from the hero of tho 'story :
•On Tuesday last, the Rev. Mr. A., of the
Baltimore conference was riding on hoiseback
from Pit Hole to Titusville lie bad nearly
reached PleuFautviUe, and wag trotting quiet
ly along, humming ap3alm tune, when a man
stepped into his path, and seining his horse’B
bridte, presented a pistol at iho parson and
demanded hi3 money. Nothing disconcerted,
the traveler calmly remarked that he was only
a poor Methodist preacher and bad but little
money 1 but would give up all he had. The
robber made no reply, but maintained hi3
threatening position, and patiently waited for
the conference man to disgorge. Ho domined
eyed the freebooter pretty earnestly, and re
marked, with greatly solemnity. “You can
have my money'Jfriend, but for Christ’s sake,
give up th : e business of highway robbery.’’
The freebooter and roped his side, and in a voice
trembling with deep emotion, exclaimed,
“You can pats m 1”
Straw3erby Culture in Connecticut.— The
Rural American publishes the figures respect
ing the culture of strawberries at Wallingford,
Ot., as pursued by the branch of the Oneida
community. We give the totals in brief : To
tal expense of cultivation cf five acres and
two-fifths, $1,578,38 ; expense of harvesting
and marketing, $1,489.25 making a total of
$3 068,21. On the other side of the account
we notice 27,200 quarts of berries, bringing an
everage of twenty-one cents ; total, 50,712.
Add plants sold, $97 75, and you hive the han-
Eome total of $5,809,75, yielding a profit of
$2,741,74. The berries are mostly the WilsoD.
An experiment was tried with the Triomphe
d@ Grande, cultivated in hills in verv rich-soil,
and it was found they yeiideda profit bf $663,
79 per aero, exceeding the profit of the Wil
sons per acre $l5B. Eutthe year before the
Trioipphes did not do as yell, and they are
not as palatable.
A Family cf Criminal-. -John J. Burkhold
er, his three daughters, two sons and two sons
in-law, living at and near Altoona, Pa , have
all been convicted of stealing from the cars oT
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. By
means of a f rc:ght car key, which one of them
obtained as an employee of the road, immense
quantities of goods were stolen from the cars
| during the past year. Oa s thousand dailors
I worth were found at the fiomg of the sona-in
; law, and large quantities were discovered con
| cealed about the house, barn and grounds of
I Burkholder, who owns a large farm and was in
i no necessity of rtsartiug to this mode of tnak
| ing a living The trial was- doubly imprea
] sire, inasmuch as it is the pratice in that
1 jadlc si district, to arraign a;i pet. as charged
vyith the commission ot a felony It was a
strange and painful f ;miiy reunion—eight per
sons, from the gry-h*aie:l grandfather to the
youngest eon of fourteen y eare of age.
VOL. LXXIV.—-NEW SERIES VOL.’XXIV NO. SO.
I OB'iHJ i ITEMS.
By a Prussian law passed in 1844, no divorce
case can be tried until the clergyman of the
parish in which the unhappy Couple live has
had an opportunity of reconciling them to
their chains, in the year 1864 there were sev
en thousand five hundred and ninety six
couples who wished to part, and out of these no
less than three thousand se/en hundred and
seventy four were induced by the clergyman
to give up their unttmiable intentions. In
this way tho lawyers lost no less than forty
eight per cent, of their expected business.
By the death of the Earl of Strathmore, the
life insurance companies have to meet a claim
amounting to £200,000, or abont $1,000,000
The Bcotch insurance offices are those princi
pally concerned, though several policies were
affected with English companies.
Rinderpest is the English for the cattle
plague. Fourteen thousand head have been
attacked. Twelve thousand have died, of
which it is supposed five thousand were killed
by quack remedies.
There is a tempetanco revival.in England,
based on the old Washingtonian movement in
this country
For the first time since the exhausting drain
ittendant on the Crimean ear, a conscription
as about" to be carried out in Poland.
The cattle plague is still iu existence in
England, but is far less destructive than was
at first imagined.
• It is estimated that the exaggerated reports
of cholera kept as many as twenty thousand
strangers away, that annually visit Paris by
the last of October or first of November.
The Russian Government has forbidden the
Poles to use their own language in religious
matters. For the future, all Roman Catholic
catechisms and books of devotion intended for
Polish use are to republished in Russian, and
Russian is made the only language in which
religious as well as secular instruction can be
given in at I, even in primary, Polish schools,
and in which sermons can be preached in
Polish churches.
An English paper says there are on board
the privateer Shenandoah, thirty-six chronom
eters, probably taken from American whalers’
large quantities of ammunition, seven large
guns, and a considerable sum of money.
The French government proposes to remove
the duty on hopß from the United States.
It appears from a report presented to the
Norwegian Storthina that 100.0U0 children are
educated in the district schools of that country
at an annual cost of £BO 000.
The Russian papers announce that the chole
ra, which appeared two months since in the
southern provinces ot the empire, is advanc
ing north; and, notwithstanding the cold
weather, it has arrived at Berdytchen, in
Russian Poland, a town of 40,000 souls,
mostly Jews.
Tho leading physicians in Paris have come
to the conclusion that one of the best preven
tatives of cholera is rum mixed with tea, and
that in consequence of this an immense con
sumption of rum has taken place in France
recently, one house alone in Paris has sold no
less thau SCO puncheons ot rum in a week.
NEVVHfUMMMIY.
General Pillow has written a letter to the
authorities, complaining that the Quarter
master iu charge of the Government horse cor
ral at St Louis, will not allow him to examine
the stock there, to “ee if he could not idcutifiy
some ot those once on his plantation near
Nashville, but turned over by him to the rebel
Government. He insisted that if the animals
had been captured, be had the right, under
his pardon to demand their rendition.
Ex-President Pierce is dangerously ill from
the effects of a disease contracted during the
Mexicun war.
A large company has been organized in
Rouen, France, for the manufacture of fabrics
from China grass and fur the disintegration of
the fibre.
According to the official reports for August,
5,170,825 Russian peasants have been freed
Iroin every obligation towards their former
masters, and 4 605,192 ar&still under contracts
to the landowners. 2,961,002 peasants possess
the land they occupy as freehold. The crops
have been so bad in Russiau Finland during
the last three years that G.OOO persona have
emigrated into Swedish Finland.
Colored balls have been pronibited in Nash
ville.
General Fullerton, of La., loaves the fixing
of the amount of wages between freedmen and
their employers for the next year to be regu
lated by the law of supply and demand.
Col Johu S Mosby is practicing law in War
renton, Fauquier county, Va.
The secretary of the Stonewall Jackson
statute association announces that the coias
sal equestrian slaute ot Gen. Jackson is now
ready for the founder, and only waits funds
to carry it to completion. The association
was crippled by the collapse of the Confedera
cy, thus loosing what amount of bonds it had.
The artist states that proposals have been
made to him in Europe ior the purchase of the
work- He has refused them, and waits to
know if money can be raised so as to save it
for its original purpose. The whole sum need
ed is $20,000 iu gold funds, SIo,OQQ for present
use and $5,000 alter the statute shall have
been completed.
Sue whole sum received by the government
for customs from all sources for the month of
October is something over $17,000 000 The
amount received in New Yoik is $11,008,737-
OS; Boston $1,248,100 12; Philadelphia $503,-
466 11; Baltimore $179,966 05. From all otner
ports about $4,000,000.
The quarterly report of Freeman Clarke,
Comptroller of the Currency, shows loans and
and soounts at National Banks at forty-eight
million dollars; circulation was one hundred
and seventy-one millions; individual deposits,
four hundred and ninty five millions; circular
tion of State Bank-, about sixty millions doll
ars
The liabilities of the city of Philadelphi in
the year 1866 are set down at the enormous
sum of $12,498,390 The sum set down to be
raised by loan is $2,928,200 This leaves the
amount to be raised by taxation $7,006,978.
Adding the per centage for State purposes, the
total rate of taxation will be $4 60 to the hun
dred dollars.
Robert Tyler, son of the late President, has
been pardoned.
Information from Washington indicates that
Clement C. Clay will not bo paroled.
The latest census gives 30,000 as the num
ber of Freedmen in Richmond add its Buburb3.
The lower House of the Miosuori Legislature
passed a bill prohibidfig lailroad companies
lrom collecting fares unieas paß3engers are pro
vided with seats.
Hon. John M. Butts, of Culpepper, and fjoa.
John Miison, ot Noilolk, are spoken of for ike
position of United States Senators from Yirgi
ria.
The hog cholera i3 prevailing in sections of
Illinois and Juwa.
Tbue wi.l be an extensive crop of sorghum
in Connecticut next year, for the manufacture
of syrup. M 11s for tbie purpose Lave been
in successful operation in many tow>s the pre
sent fail, and ttie product Is generally Jound
to be a clear, rich e>iup.
The win ui Dr recently deceased,
gives to the American B,b:e Society, formed
in Hew York in 181 G, and to the American
Peace Society, incorporated by the legislature
of Massachusetts, lue copyright of his quarto
dictionary of tbe.Rt'giWD language, after the
death of his wife.
Avery comfortable house can be hired in
New Yoik for $12,060 a year.
The republicans have a majority of oqe hun
dred and six in ine lowa l<e£:»lat'ure on joint
ballot.
Ine uve par cent one and two years treas
ury notes failing due on and after .December I,
wiii be pail at the treaadsy department at
their maturity.
A Rainoad between Chattanooga and Gin
ennati is talked cf.
IW rUHESTiXa ITEMS.
The work room of James Watt.-the inventor
of the steam engine, is just as he left it, in the
att y\of his house, where he was driven by a
scolding wife who didn’t like his musses and
litter. The will of his eon required that the
room should be left just as it was when his
father went out of the door for the last time.
I he door was recently opened for the first time
la thirty years.
It has been calculated that venders of roast
ed chestnuts to the number of about 400 ar
rivo in Paris from the south of France in the
course of the month of September, and that
each of them seils on an average forty bags of
chestnuts, weighing 100 kilogrammes each.
The bag of chestnuts costs about 331., and is
resold in Paris tit from 50f. to 54f , leaving a
profit of from 17 f. to j2 lf The vender con •
trives out of this small profit to defray tbe
expenses of his journey, to nay rent, and
maintain himself during the winter.
A New York policeman overhauled a couple
of youny bloods wending their way home at a
late hour, and amusing themselves in passing
down Broadway, by upsetting ash barrels in
the street. He gave them their choice, either
to shovel the ashes back into tbe barrels, or
go to the station bouse. ‘-No station house
for us,” said the youngsters, and accordingly
set to work, the policeman standing by to
witness their labor. One did his work very
reluctantly: tho other in the best natured
manner possible. He politely demanded the
officer’s number, remarking that possibly
some day be might, require a recommendation
to the street department..
A life of Samuel Adams is announced. In
a letter from Mr Bancroft to the * publishers,
hej»ays: “The twelve years from 1764 to
1776 were the greatest years in tho life of the
town of Boston ; and iu these years Samuel
Adams was unquestionably the foremost cit
zan of the town It is quite time that his life
should be brought before the public in at fit
ting manner, as well as for tho fame of the
town of Ro6ton as his own.”
Mr. Samiml Bowles mentions as art excellent
feature of banquette at San Francisco, “the
serving of hot beef tea, with just a smack of
claret in it, as a constant refreshment during
the evening.
A poor worn in named Barlow has given
birth in London to a child with two beads.
The baby, five weeks old, is a deep affliction
to its parent’s family, having been bom with
a second head attach! and to tho first in suoh a
manner that the smallest twist or sadden
movement would cause immediate death. The
poor mother is unable to lay it down without
fear, and unnb'e to dress it without the assist
ance of another person
Mr. B iwits of the Springfield Republican,
who has broil over the route, gives this advice
to overland Cal forma t-av filers ; “Those who
would visit (he Pacific States under the most
favorable c rcu instance-, for seeing all the.fr
natural beauty, arid studying all their improved
resources, would do best to come around by
sea in February, and return home overland in
September or October.”
In lowa there is a general revival of inter
est ou the subjebt ot railroads. Old roads are
being extended and new ones projected with
unusual energy.
About 10,000 barrels Western apples have
been received in Boston within a week’s time
over a single rood.
The disputed title to tbe United States Hotel
property, Saratoga, has been finally disposed of
so that, there is no obstacle to rebuilding.
A bale of cotton at the Cential Mills, South
britigo, was opened a tew days ago and found
to contain four shells, one loaded, and weigh
ing fifty pounds in the aggregate.
San Antonio Express says an nnparalleled
drought prevails in that, section of Texes.
Mediua River in the mountains, is dry for many
miles, a thing never belore known. Stock are dy
ing all through Western Texas, and the rivers
are very low. San Antonio River is a foot lower
than ever known.
lhe Bangor Maine Whig reports the mercury
to have been at zero on Sunday November 12,
and tha Kenduskeag River covered with ice
to its mouth.
The merchants of Now Orleans propose to es
tablish a steem packet lino between that port
and Texas.
A letter from Champaign, 111, says tbe price
of corn rules so low that some of it will go in
to the stoves for fuel.
A foreign vessel, loaded with German emi
grants, arrived at New Orleans a few days ago,
the first for several years.
Thomas J. Carver, a bonded agent of the
Treasury Department, has been tried by Court
Martial at Mobile, Alabama, and found guilty
of altering the marks on cotton bales, thereby
enabling private persons to claim whrft had
been tbe properly of the Confederate govern
ment and consequently belonged to tbe United
States. He was sentenced to pay a fine of
$90,000, and to be imprisoned in the Nashville
Penitentiary for oDe year.
Adams’ & Co’a Express Company has loaned
$2,000,000 of its accumulated capital to eev -
eral of tho Southern Railroads, and has thus
enabled them to resume operations.
Crime in St. Louis is on the increase. Two
men were recently ki.led in an encounter with
highway robbeis. The Collector Messenger
of the United States Savings Aer jciatlon, hav
ing $35,000 on his person, was knocked down
on ODe of tha mad; frequented streets, and the
money seized “e Collector fired his revol
ver at the retreating robbers, who dropped the
money and escaped. The hanking bouse of
Messrs. Benoist was also robbed of $7,000, and
no clue baa been bad to the robbers.
The apple crop of Michigan was mainly
bought up by the speculators at S3 per barrel.
Persons from the Western plains report that
the late enow storm was terribly destruefive to
stock, some trains losing so many animals that
large quantifies of freight will have to be
stored aium: the route during this winter.
A New York correspondent fays that there
ore $40,000,000 unclaLm and deposits in the Sa
vings Bank ot that city.
Bayard Taylor has "brought home from Eu
rope the seed of the real Latak'a tobacco
which he planted, and this year he raised a
few plants, probably the first ever grown in
this country. It is a distinct species, with a
pule yellow biOsscm'and a broad veiv-dy leaf.
Next year he will distribute the seed.
Immense quantities of cotton and naval
stores are now blocking up the wharves of
Wilmington, awaiting shipment to New York
and other points. Twcn'y five hundred barrels
of turpentine arrived there in one day.
Seed wheat is reding at two dollais per
bushel in Nashville. Avery large amount of
wheat has been planted in that State during
the present autumn.
The Cubans are expecting anew captain
general next month, in the person of General
Lersundi.
The First National Bank of Macon Ga.,waa
organised during the p«at v/e.-k by the election
of Messrs, Wil-iim B. D -more. II B ‘Plant, E.
Johnson, \*. ii. Ivors, W. L. Lighrfoot,
Homy L. J< welt, u.jU I. I . Plant. Dirertorp.
The other officers are 1,0. Plant,' President,
and W VV. \Y rlgley, Cnainnaa The new in
stitution wilt, we learn, commence business
about tue fief of December next. A permit
has beeq secured lor the establishment of a
second bank, hut if any preliminary -n-ps have
been tak-n we ate not an vis-id of tha fact
Ail the wire, necessary mater'a s, &c , for
the comp etioc of the Uueea American tele
graph, via B hriug'a S r-.-its, have teen con
tracted for iu Paris, ana wili shortly be ehip
p> and to this country.
TLecensu* of Tvlassachupalts shows a popu
lation of 1.267.329 this year, an increeae of 36-
243 since 1850. Tfig present number of voters
is 246 037 ■
RockwelPs Bank, at Elknorn, Wisconsin,
was cnee) by on the night o No
vember 6th, the sale blown open ana $70,000
taken therefrom,
Rhode Island baa *ihurawn her war claims
(or revision,