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Some Facts about Patkolnum. —Tho oil re
gion of Western Pennsylvania, which far ex
ceeds in productiveness all other localities
combined, comprises a district about r twenty
miles square, lying along the Alleghany river.
Oil has also been found In considerable quan
tities in otic r parts of Pennsylvania, in Wes
tern Virginia, Eastern Kentucky and Ohio,
‘New Yoik and Canada, It is also known to
exist in several of tho Southern States. It ie
altogether a rnistako, however, that a coal
formation is au invariable Indication of its
presence. *
The discovery of petroleum, or reck oil, is
more ancient than is generally believed.
General Washington, in his expedition to
French Creek, noticed the Inhabitants skim
rniDg it from the water, to bo used for burn
ing or for medical purposes. General Mont
calm in 17.'> 1 reports the Indians of Franklin,
using the oil gathered from » neighboring
crock in their paints and tobu:n at their sac
rifices. In 184l> it was analyzed and found to
be valuable as an illuminatlug Uuid. In 1853
Profersor Silliman discovered that it possessed
valuable lubricating qualities* Upon the dis
covery, a New Yoik firm purchased a small
farm io Venango (Jbunty, near what is now
known as Oil Creek. Tue first well was
sunk in 1858. Owing to the difficulty of dis
engaging the oil from impurities and render
ing it non- explosive, it was not until 1800,
when these difficulties had been oveicomo,
that the subject attracted general attention.
Tiio magnificent success which attended the
'first investments created an intense excitement
among capitalists aud speculators. It is esti
mated Itut not less than twelve hundred oil
mining companies were organized, with an ag
gregate nominal cipital ot from eight hundred
to one thousand tu : Ilians of dollars. Os these
numerous vast organizations, nbrut fifty are
now flourishing, following their business as>i
regular branch of industry, aud realizing large
and certain profits. The remaining eleven
■hundred and fifty have all lost money..
In many instances, however, the yields and
the products from the wells have been enor
mous. TL>c flowing tv< '.ls at Pithole, where the
oil flows out in a continuous stream, yield from
seveu hundred to tilt sail hundred barrels a
day. .On the other baud the price of the oil
has been Ijable to great tluctuations. Frojn
18fit) to Ist)'), the price of crude oil varied from
thirteen debars and a half to ten cents a bar
rel ; the average price has been aoout seven
dollars a barrel. The fluctuations in price
have been, of course, dm to corresponding
llucluato:nj in the actual or expect#! supply.
Many wells, which yielcted most abundantly
at first, aud were believed to be inexhaustible,
have completely dried up.
For most of the foregoing facte, and for the
followiu ' table showing the number of gallons
exported during fife years, we a'c indebted to
Deßow’s Review :
1861, exported gallons 1.112.4?5
1362, exported gallons 10.857.43 l
1863, expelled callous 28,250,721
1864, exported gallons 32,592,972
1865, exported gallons 28,456,032
While it is probable that the permanent
yield of Petroleum will be less than it has been,
it is confidently believed that it will contiuue
to be sufficient to constitute it an important
interest. Notwithstanding the inevitable dis
appointment of enthusiasts and speculators, the
Pennsylvania oil district which, ten years ago,
might have been beugh* for seven hundred
thousand dollars, is at this day held to be
worth more than two hundred and fifty mil
lions. This district, so recently solely devoted
to agriculture, is. now teeming with well or
ganized commercial industry. It already con
tains numerous towns aud villages, which have
sprung up, as if by magic, around the wells,
stud am. iig them are some of considerab’o pre
tensions.. Oil City, Rouseville, Flumer, O’eo.
polis. rit-hcle City, Titusville, Franklin and
Reno have all sprung into ex’steuce with a
prising suddenness and rapidity.
As an instance, Pit-hole City, contain
iug seven thousand souls and supporting
hotels, chutches, a theatre, banks, land offices,
tekgraph and express companies, Sewspapers,
ami, as a touriet remarks, everything necessaiy
to city life except women and railroads, is the
growth ol ninety days. lUilroads are already
ii process of construction, and subterraneous
B'j*- 8 aie being laid to conduct the oil for miles
front the wells to the boats in the
/ lieghany fiver.
Petroleum, to the North, during the war,
was an immense source of wealth. Confidence
was restored by the revenue derived from it
during a period of great financial pressure.—
And the balance of foreign exchange was made
litrtrelv fn favor of the United States, •hen the
military situation seemed to pronrse au inter
minable conflict ot arms.
* ' •
Tub North ken Pulpit vs President John
son.—The Boston Commercial says some very
sensible things about the custom which obtains,
in that sectipn, of converting the pulpit into a
rostrum; from whence, instead of “Christ and
Him crucified,” proceed the most blatant po
litical harangues, The President’s speech on
tho twenty-second of February, seems to have
stirred up their very depths, so that, since then,
these “reformed disciples” have been literally
breathing out fire—in the shape of the most
intense vituperation. Thev havo been as IW
ER-. iful to their hearers, as ibey are lacking
in' Six (Jays wmuld suffice for
political labor with the many, but it is the ha
bit of the Boston clergy to abandon their pro -
pw-field of action, to bring reproach upon the
profession of religion, by discussing politics on
tbo Sabbath.
This is no new thing at tho North. Years
ago, the preacher was accustomed to discourses,
at largo, upon the ‘'curses entailed by slavery,”
and the most uilra sentiments, were invariably
received with round after round of applause.
Think of such a scene in the edifico, over whose
door is written. “My House shall bo called a
♦ouse of prayer.”
Tho disgrace of the holy desk, In perverting
it from tho original design, had much to do
with the inaugration of the late unhappy war.
And now tint the country has been rescued
from what the loud-mouthed call drstruction,
they are doiDg all In their power to prevent
that which, in waging war, they Eought to
accomplish.
That our readers may have a bird’s eye
view of the sentiments which actuate those
men, wo make brief extracts. First in order
comes a Mr. llepworth, who hammers the
c osed bibfe most unmercifully, as he ex
claimed :
“For a Vice President we chose a
man remarkably for his hatred to the North,
in order to smooth down the prejudices of the
South-a man horn beneath tho flighting
shadows of slavery, who never dared to say. or
dared to thifck oven that slavery was wrong
We knew this when wo cast our eallots for
him 1”
Then referring to the President’s speech, the
Rev. gentleman gets on a high horse, and
rants thus :
“In it Mr. Johnson spoke of assassination.
You are in no danger, Mr. President, it is only
the good and the great whomie ; you will live
forever.’’
Mr. Wasson, another one of tho irrecon
cileable, does not like the Fpoecb ; because it
wants dignity, elevation of tone and good
aste. The reader can form his own opinion as
to tho amount of dignity and, finish possessed
by Mr. W., lrom the following, which he gets
off, just after comparing Mr. Johnson to Judas
Iscariot and Benedict Arnold. “He is obsti
nate ; he is not fit for the place ; ho has no
ideas. ”
Now, without leaving our particular sphe-e,
we venture to advise preachers to attend to
their own business. There are souls enough in
the land who are thiirsting for the water ot
life, bu‘ they are in ignorance as to how they,
may obtain it. Preachers had better let poli
tics alone, and help their fellows in the search
which many are making, and which many
more would make, if they had any one, who
would point them (he way.
Bs and Hopeful.— The counsel of
that wise and pure man, Alex. H. Stephens, to
be patient aud hopeful, under tho trying cir -
cumstances about ns, contains much sound
practical wisdom, as does every opinion ex
pressed by that eminent statesman. It is the
evident purpose of the radicals to exasperate
the South, and betray our people into the ex
pression of harsh and iutemperato speeches,
and if possible to acts of violence —so as to
afford them a cloak for the further exercise of
acts of oppression aud tyranny. They would
have it appear that the Soillh is not conquered
that -the provaiiing sentiment amongst all
classes in this section, is one of “disloyalty ”
to the Government, which requires the strong
arm of military power to keep it in subjection.
So apparent are their motives for tho unscru
pulous warfare they are wagiug upon the
South, that no reflecting mind can for a mo
ment be deceived. While we bitterly feel the
injustice of the cowardly assarts ot our ene
mies, and burl back into their tooth with scorn
ths foul slander that the South has perjured
herself and is still disloyal, so long as we are
aided and sustained in battling for our const'#
tutional rights by our noble and heroic Presi
dent. and the conservative masses of the North
and West, we have great reason to be patient
and hopeful.
The day is not distant when the Radical
phalanx will be routed and overwhelmed by
au outraged aud indignant people, and South
ern Congressmen will take their seats under
the prestige of a great victory that will shed
its lustre over the whole country, and restore
prosperity aud order once more throughout
our borders. In the meanwhile, let us not be
discouraged nor despondent. So surfi as bi
morrow’s sun will rise, so sure will the patriotic
policy of Preskleut Johnson prevail, and the
naiiou become tracquilized and happy. The
Congress of to day does not reflect the opinions
of the Northern mind ; the issues upon which
they were elected, at a time of unusual excite
ment, have ceased to exist, and at the nexc j
elections these plotting Jacobins will be repu
diated by their constituencies and sink into
merited insignificance and obscurity.
The negreralready understands that his for
mer master is bis best friend to day—that the
csteutatious expressions of sympathy and re
gard for his weliare, on the sart of Northern
tanat es, is all a delusion—a miserable “ignus
fatuus” that has no real existence. We have
trials and wexations now that are grievous to
be borne, but in view of the certain defeat of
the enemies of our country, and the great in
terests of the future, we can bear them like
men.
The lesson of ihe past four years has taught
us “to suffer and be strong.” We need not
be servile or sycophantic, but, observing a
proud self-reliance and manly patience, we
may look confidently to tbe early dawn of a
brighter day.
“Patience, in cowards, is tame, hopeless fear ;
But, iu brave iniiids, u scot ft cj xchit tiny
An armed body of negroes, having obtained
possession of tbe Chimborezo grounds, Rich
mond. Va . threatened tbe life of any white
person attempting to pass there. They nred
on tbe police. Eleven were arrested, and are
soon to be tried.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING. MARCH 21,186(1,
Accident Insurance . —Tho history of Accident
Insurance is uot a meagre one, gathering up
here and there an isolated fact to illustrate its
worth. From its very begining until the
present time, Uh entira course has been marked
with the most beneficent results. It has
carried blessings to a multitude of homes,
where sorrow and want would have been
unwelcome fgnests. The msrehant, the
machacic, the professional man, the laborer,
ovuitaken bv accident, have been sustained and
ch#fred in knowing that * they were relieved
from the most burdensome consequences of
Miftgf- misfortune. Enforced cessation from
burin- to or work, Replies commonly a ccssa-
But not so to the! insured.
His pursuits have indeed been necessari
ly suspended, and although he can no longer
call in his earning as usual, the policy which
he holds makes sure to him a sufficient income,
until he regains the ability to labor. Such is
the simple woiking of Accident Insurance, an
institution which has been demonstrated, In
thousands of instances, to be of great social
value.
r.By the payment of a small sum of money,
any man, without regard to his bodily health,
and consequently needing no medical exami
nation, may purchase of the Company a pro
tection against anxiety and destitution arising
from disability by accident for a period not
exceeding twenty-six weeks. Thus a Genera 1
Accident Policy iusures to the holder the pay
ment of from three to fifty dollars per week if
disabled, and in case of his accidental death, it
to ‘his family the sum of from SSOO to
SIO,OOO. There Is thus established, in some
degree, a law of compensation, by which the
severest consequences of accident are mitiga
ted, ayd the sccial independence of the dis
abled remains undisturbed until the restora
tion to health and ability to work. In this
manner the most beneficent rewards of econo
iny are obtained by a self-denial which is not
felt, and every individual of the insured is put
in practical possession of a store, which per
haps he would havo striven in vain to accu
mulate, and is set freo from the harassing
restlessness which vex s the 6ouls of men upon
whose future there rests a discouraging uncer
tainty. Viewed in this light, Accident Insur
ance cannot but be regarded as ono of the most
important economic institutions of our time.
In choosing a company to insure in, the
“Travelers of Hartford” presents the fol
lowing claims: It is the Pioneer Accident
Insurance Company in America. It is man
aged by careful and experienood underwriters.
It has the largest paid up cash capital cf any
accident company. It~ has a surplus of over
one hundred thousand doilais. It docs the
largest business. It pays its losses promptly,
having paid $125,000 within the past twenty
months; and is perfectly sound and reliable.—
B.H. Brcadhax, corner of Broad and Jackson
streets, is the agent for Augusta and vicinity.
Radical Contradictions. — l Tho iniquity of
tho position taken by the leaders of the Radi
cal party, in fighting against a restoration of
tho Union, is so great that they are every day
forced to illustrate tho truth of th 9 Taw, that
falsehood must sooner or later contradict and
expose itself. It is only necessary to look at
the positions they take, to see their glaring
inconsistency. ' •
During the war Stevens, Colfax, and men of
their stamp, strenuously denied that tthe
Southern Slates had dissolved their relations
with the Federal Government, and constantly
insisted that they were “integral parts of the
Union.” Thty complained bitterly of Great
Britain for her quasi recognition of the Con
federate States. Now, they make themselves
a practical recognit.on of the existence of such
a Government. The South laid down their
arms too soon for the purpose aimed at by the
Radical party. They mean to exclude the
Southern States until the next Presidentia
election ha3 been held. That is the true reason
of their present course ; that, and a desire to
revenge on tho Southern people,by subjecting
them to every humiliation and hardship-
Their plea that the cxc’usion is necessary te
the future stability and welfare of our institu"
tions, is a mere cloak’ to their revolutionary
and thoroughly partizan schemes.
President Johnson, on tho other hand, has
been consistent. Ho has insisted from the first
tjiat no State was, or could be, out cf th-
Usion ; and in demanding the immediate Re
storation ot the Union, he acta now in accord
ance with the solemn and ,unanimous declara
tion of Congress msde two days after the battle
of Bull Run. It ia well to recall that resolu
tion now, if for no other purpose than to seo
how tar the Radicals have since given the lie
to their own declaration, and sought to set
aside this recorded action of Congress on the
23d of July, 1S61:
Resolved, That the present deplorable civil
war has been "forced upon the country by the
disuuionists of the Southern States, now in
aims against the Constitutional Government,
and in arms around the capital; that ia this
national emeigency Congress, banishing all
feelings of mere passion and resentment, will
recollect only its duty to the whole country;
that this war is not waged on their part in any
spirit of oppression, or for any purpose of
conquest or subjugation, or purpose of over
throwing or interfering with the rights or es
tablished institutions of those States, but to
defend and maintain the supremacy of the
Constitution, aud to preserve the Union with
ail the dignity, equality, and rights of the
several States unimpaired, and that as soon as
these objects are accomplished, the war ought
to cease.
The very men who voted fox this resclutio*,
now declare that the war is still in progress-
Although the objects for Vhich they said it
3re accomplished they are unwill
iug it shall cease.
Again—look at their glaring inconsistAcy
in the matter ot the constitutional amendments.
It requires the assent of tbree-fourths of the
States to ratify an amendment to the federal
Constitution. Now these same Radical leaders
have been urging the Southern States to ect in
their capacity as States, in order to carry cer
tain amendments Yet. while ftiua recogniz
ing them as States, they refuse to allow their
membeis of Coegress to take scats in Congress !
It seems they are States for radical purposes,
but not States for any other purpose !
“They are in the Unidn when we want to
use them,” was the confession of one of the
radical members ot Congress, “and out of the
Union when we want them out.”
It is to be hoped that the people of the
North, at the coming tlecticn, will administer
a crushing rebuke to tho radical leaders.
President Johnson’s Record os the Suf
frage Question. ln the year 1858 the territory
of Minnesota made application for admission
into the sisterhood of States. Objection was
made to her Constitution, because it confer- v
red the right of suffrage upon persons ndt
citizens of the United States, aliens not natug
ralized. This was the main ground urged by
those who opposed her admission. In other
words it was contended that her Constitution
was not to forni,”
Johnson wife then in the United States twnate,
and he exposed the fallacy by a clear, and nn -
answerable argument; contending that suffrage
constitutional prerogative of the States
alone, and that it was the right of Minnesota,
as of every other commonwealth, to regWate
the qualifications of voters -according to her
own conviction of right. The following
explicit declaration of the Senator from Ten
nessee, years ago, may servo "to enlighten
his radical opponents at this day on the ques
tion of constitutional construction of which
they appear to have such need. It will do
more. It will show that one eaiential feature
of the President’s reconstruction policy was
shadowed forth years ago, and that he i3 now
only living up to his already announced con
victions of the true theory of republican
government. Hear him :
to enter my protest against a doc
trine which may be supposed to be advanced
here in refererce to the qualification of the vo
ters of a State. This Government has no power
under the Constitution of the Ufiiled States, to
fix tho qualification of voters in any sovereign
State cf the Confederacy. I want to enter my
protest against the doctrine being indulgeu in
or cultivated to any other extent, that this
Government has power to go inside a sovereign
State and prescribe the qual fieations of her
voters at the ballot box. It is for the State
and not for the Government to do that. If the
doctrine be once conceded, that the Federal
Government has the power to fix tho qualifies
tions of voters in a State, the idea of State
Sovereignty is utopian. There is no such thing
aa State Sovereignly if this Governnfeat can fix
the qualification of voters. There are simply
two things to be ascertained here : First, have
weevideijpo that a State has been formed?—
Second, have we evidence that it is Republican
in its character ? These two things being as
certained, every thing else is for the State that
applies for admission ”
Almost a Sow. —Tfle Louisville Courier has
a special dispatch from Cincinnati, under date
of March sth, which says:
An election was held this afternoon in the
First Presbyterian Crrurch, for three Eiders.
Two tickets were presented—one, a so called
Copperhead, and the other a Union ticket.
The organiz itiou of the meeting was delayed
for two hours, during which the most exciting
scenes occurred. The ladies took sides and
hissed thoir opponents. Rev. Dr, Anderson,
pastor, read from the laws aud usages cf the
church, that none but communicants could
vote, while the Copperheads held and insisted
that the pew holders had a right to vote for
elders. During tho excitement, chairs were
overturned, ladies screamed and blows were
about to be struck, when a policeman made
his appearance. Dr. Anderson urged peace
ful proceedings and • succeeded in oiganiz'ng
by idling in a chairman acceptable to both
part*. Ballotiog then proceeded and result
ed in the triumph of the Union teacher,
church will now be organized on a Union basis
Wm. M. Corry was leader of thfe Copper
heads, and had on hand about a cartload of
ecclesiastic literature.
We cannot sea much Christianity in such
proceedings. Squabbles of this kind, however,
may always be looked for whenever any party
undertakes to mix up politics with religion.
Wnen we "say there is but little religion in
polities now a days, we probably assert that
which is correct in regard to the-acts of nine
tenths of the politicians. * To carry their points
and gain their ends, appears to ba the sole ob
ject of a great majority.of those who fill high
places. Would it were otherwise.
Tnu States not to I’soni bit Business which
pays Revenue License.— - Hon, Greeu Clay
Smith, of Kentucky, has reported in the House
of Representative a bill, which was referred to
the Committee of Ways and Means, providing
that whenever a prison was licensed under the
internal revenue laws to carry ou aDy business,
the license shall be full and complete authori
ty for such person to carry on such trade, busi
ness or calling, provided the said trade, busi
ness or calling, may be regulated by the laws
of tho several States for all purposes of inter
nal police regulations ; and provided that it
shall not be construed to preyent any State
from levying a tax for State purposes on any
trade, business or profession for which a li
cense is required. It will bo recollected that
in some of the Eastern States, where prohibi
tory laws are in force, tho courts have decid
ed that a government license doe3 not pro
tect the seller against the penalties of the
State iaw3. This bill is understood to stop
farther decisions of this kind, and to prohibit
the State authorities from doing more than
regulate the .traffic.
Government Revenue from the South. —A
st ktement from the office of the Secretary of
the Treasury shows the amount of money re
ceived by the Government from the Southern
States, since the close of the war and up to the
Ist of February. The items are as follows :
From customs and Custobn House fees, $2,-
877,950; from captured aud abandoned pro
perty, $13,131,218; from direct taf, $658,137 ;
from tax on cottas, $133,126 commer
cial intercourse, $22,400 ; from bank duty,
$32,064 ; from internal revenue $10,979,756,
Total, 27.955,540
Eslabged. —The Memphis Avalanche, of the
Gth, comes to us in an enlarged form.
The Avalanche is of the right caste, and we
are pleased to class it with our very best ex
changes. Its political views are conservative,
and as comprehensive as the country is broad.
May the principles it advocates prove to be an
Avalanche of destruction to tbe opponents of
Constitutional Liberty.
At Woke. —Gen. James Longstreet has been
elected President of the Great southern and
Western Life and Accident Insurance Company.
just established iu New York. Gen. Dick
Taylor has leased frem the State the New
Canal, connecting the upper pirt of New Or
leans with Lake Pontchartrain, for £750,d00,
payable in annual installments.
The North American Mutual Life Insurance
Company, of New York. haß placed to the
credit of all policy holders a dividend of forty
five per cent for the current year.
A SOUTHERN VIEW OF THE NEXT COTTON
• CROP.
Cotton Las become a word to conjure whh.
Plutus whispers it on Change and the whole
commercial world becomes excited. Many
there are who think of nothing else, speculate
in nothing else love nothing else. They talk
of the fleecy fabric when awake, dream ot it
when asleep, turn it now into greenbacks, now
into gold, and now build with it all sorts of
castles in the air. Tho New Orleans Crescent
gives the annexed speculations and statistics in
regard to tho next cotton crop.
this country, l-aving the balance, worth at the
old ante-bellum price, about one hundred and
sixty millions of dollars, to take the place of
specie in our foreign exchange. It is not won
derful, then, that cotton Is regarded as a pro
duct of great importance, and that in the
future as in the past-, it is expected to occupy
a prominent position in our industrial and
commercial statistics.
Much speculation exists as to the piobable
crop of 1860. Some look for a crop of three
millions of bales, while others again are far
more moderate in their estimate, placing the
prospective crop at a million or a million and
a half, ihesi diffierences of opinion arise from
the different views entertained touching the
productive value of free and slave labor. Some
thick that the freedman will be more effective
than the slave as an,.v agricultural producer,
wLiie others imagine that he will be almost
worthless.
On this subject wo have been favored with
some calculations', made by a keeu statistical
friend of ours, which we think are well worthy
of beng seriously pondered. The data cannot
certainly be questioned, and all of our readers
are at liberty to Judge for themselves of tho
conclusions arrived at. If the figures and de
ductions which we are about to offer, tend m
any manner to harmonize commerce and
the wiid mania of hazardous speculation, our
aim will be accomplished. .
Numerous correspondents, who appear to be
interested iu lowering the price'of cotton now
held by the producers of tho South, coolly
state that all the negroes have gone to work
with energy, and (hat consequently the cotton
crop of the present year cannot be less than
2,500,000 or 3,000,000 bales. Persons who
make such statements cannot have visited the
outskirts of this and other Southern cities,
where negroes by thcu. acds congregate, and
are living in comparative idleness and d* stitu
tion. There are m this city at present not less
than 75,000 negro* men and women, who have
drifted hither from the rural districts in order
*o erijoy the imaginary case and pleasure of
city life. A similar story may be told of every
cily end town from the Potomac to the Rio
Grande, and tho total number thus' drawn
away from agricultural employments is indeed
enormous.
According to oui friend’s statistical table,
there were about 4 000,000 slaves in the South
at tho commencement of the wrr. It was "the
custom iu ancient times to estimate one tenth
of every nation or tribe as warriors, or porsons
popoßla of Ktaqrinti! arm a Tailing this ae tho
basis of calculation, there were, at the begin
ning of the war, 400,000 negro men between
'the ages of 18 and 45 years. Os that number
200,000 entered the army of the United States,
but the sword end disease reduced their ranks
to 100,000. Since the close of the war many
of these have and gone to the
North and West. The remainder are in the
army still. Os the 200,000 who did not enlist,
some perished in the Confederate service while
engaged in erecting forts and digging trenches;
100,000 ars now to be found in towns and vil
lages throughout the South, employed on
steamboats, in hotels, or playing the part of
independent freedmen. Os the balance, 25,-
000 remoVcd into States where cotton is not
produced, and 75,000 remained at home on the
old plantations, and most of them may now be
found in the field at work.
Turning to the opposHe sex, we find S4OO,
000 between the ages of eighteen and forty
five years. And bow shall we account for
them ? Go, ink-shedding Bohemian, to tho
coast of South Carolina and Georgia. Follow
the trail of General Sherman’s grand march
to the sea from Atlanta. Go to Mobile, Nash
ville, Memphis, Vicksburg, .Savannah, Jack
son, Baton Rouge, Monroe, Shreveport, Alex
andra, and this city. Visit the graveyards in
our towns , and villages, and ask who sleeps
there. It will be easy to account for the dis
appearance cf 100,000 negro women—poor,
ignornant creatures, who left their homes to
follow triumphant armies, but perished of
cold, hunger and fatigue ere the bliss of free
dom became theirs. We are speaking now of
grown-up women. The children who follow
ed them fell by the wayside, and slumber in
unmarked and uueppsecrated graves. To seek
guarantees for their promised freedom, 25,000
nave gone North, East and West, and 125,000
are about towns, cities and villages, washing
cooking, or following far less creditable occu
pations. This would leave 150,000 effective
female laborers in the rural districts. Os boys
and giris between the ages of ten and eighteen
years there are perhaps, 120,000. haifoi whom
are either employed or are loitering about
towns and villages. We' have, therefore, of
available colojpd cotton raisers :
Negro men 75 000
Negro women 150,000
Negro boys and girls 60,000
Total
We must now take into consideration the
number of white persons who Wiil devote their
attention to cotton raising. In the cotton
States there were about 250.000 white men at
the cmnmencunent of the war, who, if so in
clined. might have devoted their attention to
the raising of cotton. Os this number 100,000
have“been killed’or disabled during the war,
but their places have to soma extent been sup
plied by the growth of boys. We think it
would be a large estimate to allow 2P0.000
white laborers lor the cotton fields during the
present season. If so, we have a total effective
force of 485,(T00 cotton raisers.
The next question is, how much cotton ckn
we reasonably expect to be raised per hand?
Statistics show that in 1840, with a force of
600,000 laborers, our crop was 1,800,000 bales,
or three b iles per hand. When the laboring
force doubled between 1850 and 1860, the crop
proved to bs 4 500,000 bales, equal to 3J bales
per hand. What then shall be our estimate for
the present year? We must remember that
theie is a scarcity of stock and agricultural
that fences, ginhouses and habi
■ rations need repair; that fo:d must be provi
ded; that ranch of the rich cotton lands along
the Mississippi are not yet redeemed from over-
flow by the rebuilding of broken levees.
Our dependence for ivercp must rest chiefly
on tha highland farms, which are far le c s pro
ductive thaa those of the lowlands. All
things we cannot expect more
than three baWtq>er Band, which would yiela
1,440,000 biles in aU. ISow, if it be contend
ec^that this estimate is behw the‘mark, the
reader will please remember that we have
mraeno calculation for labor which must ne
cessarily be devoted to other crops—sugar,
tobacco and rice, for instance—not of that
which will be turned lo mechanics and stock
raising. These improvements will certainly
absorb all that remains df tbe physical
ing power which the Southern States can at
present boa3t. With ail thess facts before us
it would bs vain to expect a cotton crop cf
more than a ead a half of bales. .
Let not tbe commercial and’manufacturing
world be deceived by tbe loose calculations of
Freshmen’s Bureaus 01 interested speculators.
Nor will it not do to an argument on the
amount on handjit the close of the war—that
was made up from the savings and hidings du
ring five long years from the torchman and the
VOL. LXXV.----NEW SERIES VOL. XXV NO. 13.
plunderer. Tho few bales the planter now has
lrq should not sacrifice at existing rates. He
need not be frightened by a nightmare oi three
million bales. No such crop will be produced
either this year or next. What will be raised
in 1808 we will not pretend to say. It is
enough at present to know that we cannot
raise a crop exceeding 1,500,000 bales this
year, and as the demand for our staple will be'
much greater than the supply, the price will as
suredly advance. We stake our professional
reputation on the corretness of our general
conclusions in the promise.
Important Order From Gen. Thomas-. —The
annexed important order appears iu the Nash
ville Gazette of the 19. h. It was .issuedsome
time ago, but as Us have escaped
the memory of ceK *si of our readers, we repub
lishit: f,|fl
Hd’qrs Military Division ofTennessee, j
Nashville, Tenn., Feb., 21, 1866. J
General Orders No. 6.]
Tho officers of the Treasury Department of
the United States charged with the collection
of Direct Taxes and Internal Revenues in the
several States composing this Military Division,
having been, by reason of tho refusal of certain
individuals to cancel their just indebtedness to
the Government, repeatedly compelled to in
\ oke the aid and assistance of military author
ity in tho full performance of their duties. It
is hereby ordered, that hereafter, any and all
persons neglecting or refusing to pay to the
proper officers such just dues as are herein
specified, shall be liable to arrest and a trial
before a Military Commission.
By command of Maj. Gen. Thomas.
W. D. Whipple,
Assistant Adjutant Deneral.
Georgia Legislature.
HOUSE.
Wed.'it 3D ay, Afternoon, March 7.
The bill to organize county Courts in each
county, and to define the jurisdiction of the
same, was passed.
The provisions of the Senate hill requiring
that the county Judges of Chatham and Bibb
be practicing attorneys was stricken out.
Bill to incorporate Macdn Express Company
was lost.
Wednesday Night, March 7.
Tae annexed bills were passed : to extend
the Charter of the Itoswell Manufacturing
Company ; for the relief of Jasper J. Owen and
William Owen, of Franklin county ; to amend
3988th Section cf . the Code; to legalize and
make valid acts of Notaries Public in certain
cases; to amend 3604th Section of > the Code ;
to amend an act to incorporate -the Georgia
Home Insurance Company ; to appoint new
Commissioners for the town of Hancock, and
to incorporate the same.
The annexed bilis were lost : to establish a
military school at Fort Valley ; to altor and
amend the laws of this State iu relation to the
Justices of the Interior Court; to repeal an Act,
assented to March 21st 1864, and to re-enact
the former laws in regard to publishing the
decisions of the Supreme Court,; to relieve tax
oollcclors tot the year 1805, from the obliga
tion of their bonds ; to amend Section 291 of
the Code ; to alter and amend part 4, para
graph 4632 of the Code; to amend 1564th Sec
tion of tho Code in relation to certain peddlers.
SENATE.
Thc sday, March 8.
The bill to change the line between Lee and
Terrill counties (passed) was reconsidered.
A resolution authorizing the appointment of
a Committee of lawyers to examine the Digest
of the Supreme Court Decisions in course of
preparation by A. O. Bacon, Esq , of Macon,
Georgia. Referred to the Judicijiry _ Commit
tee.
A bill was introduced to incorporate the
Augusta Savings Bank. The same bill had
passed both Houses but lacked some formality
to render it valid.
The annexed bills were passed : to alter tho
charter of Hawkinsville; to fix the pay of offi
cers and members of the General Assembly—
the pry of the Speaker of the House and Presi
dent of tho Senate is fixed at sl2 per day, that
of the other members at $3 pi#day; to author
ize the Governor, in case the State is not al
lowed to assume the Federal tax, to arrest the
collection of State tax on land tho present year;
to authorize the Justices of the Inferior Court
of Randolph county to issue bonds; to author
ize the Inferior Courts of Thomas and Liberty
counties to levy and collect an extra tax; to
compensate the Commissioners for preparing
the Freedmen’s Code—it allows each of the
four $500; to authorize the Superintendent of
the Western & Atlantic Railroad, and the
Treasurer of the State to execute a bond for
payment to the United States of dues for iron,
etc.; to allow the Ordinary of Mclntosh county
to keep his records more than a mile from the
Court House; for the relief of Milky Howard;
to change, the line between Muscogee and Chat
tahoochee counties so as to make the Upatoie
the boundary; to increase the pay of the Com
piler of the Laws to $750; to Tepeal the iaws
forbidding the circulation of United States
Currency; to amend the charter of the town of
Sparta; to incorporate the town of Springfield;
to amend the charter of the town of Biinbridge;
to amend section 1290 of the Code; to allow
certain, charitable schools in Savannah, to sell
lands donated to the same; for the relief of
John S, Edmondson; to alter section 2416 of
the Code; for the relief of Collins 'of
the county of Whitfield; in relation to Records;
to authorize Courts in certain counties to be
held in oihet places besides the Court House;
to amend tho Code in relation to vagrants; to
make provisiofftov the division of lands among
distributees in certain counties where no pro
visions are made for such division; to alter the
rubs of evidence in certain cases; to alter eec
tifln 1307 of the Code; to alter section 2480 of
the Code; to authorize bis Excellency to raise
money by the issue of State bonds it authorizes
the raising of $1,500,000; to incorporate the
Brunswick & Aitamaha Canal Company; to
incorporate the Carroll Manufacturing Compa
ny ; to authorize the Inferior Court of Bartow
county to issue bonds to raise revenue for
county purposes; for the relief of maimed sol
diers—it provides for supplying, at tho expense
of the State, artificial legs and arms to maimed
soldiers in the late Confederate army; to in
corporate the Eagle & Phceaix Manufacturing
Company of Columbia, Ga.; to incorporate the
00-tauaula Steamboat Company, with powers
of Insurance; to incorporate the Yorab Geld
Company; to incorporate the Cutbbert Manu
facturing Company; to incorporate the Augusta
Mutual Insurance Company; to amend the
charter of the Merchants’ Insurance Company;
to incorporate the Augusta Insurance Bank, to
incorporate the Gordon Mining and Msnufac
fturing
The annexed bills were lost : to incorporate
the Lagrange Savings Back; to change the line
between Putnam and Jasper.
The bill to remit the unpaid for the
years 1864 and ’65, was referred to toe Judi
ciary Committee,
HOUSE.
Thursday, March .
The Stay Law vetoed bv the Governor on ac.
count of Constitutional objections to the same,
was taken unhand passed by Constitutional
majority. Yeas*l2l, nays < •
A bill was introduced to regulate charges of
R.R and Express Companies and to preyeht
extortion by the same. „ ■
Bill to incorporate the Atlanta jstreet R. R.
Company. Lost. , ~, T
A motion to reconsider so much of tbe Jour
nal as relates to the rejection of a bill to change
tbe name of tbe Home In-urance Company .of
Savannah, to the Georgia Citizen s Company,
prevailed and the bill passed.
A motion to reconsider so much of the_ Jour
nal as relates to the rejection of a bill to mcor -
porate the Union Express Company, was lost.
The annexed bills were passed : to au-
thorize the Inferior Court of Pickens county
to appropriate any money in the Treasury of
said county, arising from sale of cotton to the
support of the indigent poor of said county;
to authorize the Inferior Courts of the several
counties in this State, to purchase farms and
houses for paupers, and to levy a tax to pay
for the same; to authorize the Ordinaries of
this State to issue temporary letters of admin
istration iu certain cases; to incorporate the
town of Sfylesboro ; to incorporate a Street
Railroad Company in the city of Savannah ; to
incorporate thß Alabama and Georgia Manu
facturing Company ; to repeal section 4424 of
tho Code; to regulate the liabilities of Execu
tors, Administrators and Guardians, and regu
late sottlements with the same ; to legalize
the appointment of L. •>. li. Fairohild, Treas
urer of Chatham county ; to- incorporate the
Augusta and Summerville R R. Company ; for
the reiief of Dickinson //Taliaferro: Jr., of Whit
field county
. SENATE.
Thursday Afternoon, March 8.
The annexed bills were p§ssed ; to fix the
fees of ordinaries ; to incorporate tho Colum
bus Manufacturing Company —the corpoiation
is to exist for 50 years ; to incorporate the
American Insurance and Industrial Agency ;
to incorporate-tha Cbestoe Long Branch Hy
draulic Hose Mining Company ; to incorporate
the Little River Mining Company; to incor-
(he Franklin Mining Manufacturing
Company ; to incorporate the Gate city car
and Machine Works ; to increase tho fees of
Oleik of Supremo Court and county officers ;
to authorize the Inferior Courts of the several
counties, to levy and collect an extra tax for
the benefit of indigent soldiers of tho late
Confederate Army and the indigent families
of deceased soldiers —tax not to exceed 100 per
cent on the State tax ; to change the time of
holding the Superior Courts of Lee County ;
for the relief of Administrators, Guardians,
etc—it relieves such from any liabilities for
having taken Confederate bonds.
The annexed bills were lost: to change the
line between Lawrence an£ Wilkinson; to de
fino fha liabilities of Vendue Masters; to al
low Executors to resign their trusts; to allow
a Justice Court at Gledmore, Ware county; to
alter section 648 of the Code; to alter the
mode of paying the Solicitor of Eastern Cir
cuit; to limit the time when Companies char
tered by this Legislature must organize.
HOUSE.
Thursday Afternoon, March 8.
The qnnexed bills were passed : toj regulate
the labor of convicts upon public works, and
to define the powers of the Inferior Courts and
the Governor in regard to the same; for the
relief of George Cox of Whitfield county; to
incorporate Chattahoochee Manufacturing Com
pany; to incorporate the Mechanics Savings
Bank of Augusta; to prescribe, the marital
relation between freedmen ; to exonorate
Sheriffs and other collecting officers from liabil
ities in certain cases.
The annexed ills were lest; alter and amend
sections 585, 594 and 602, and repeal section
588 of the Code ; to regulate Administration of
Estates of deceased persons ; creating liens up ■
on growing crops'; to define tho duty of Tax
Receivers.
HOUSE.
Thursday Night, March 8.
A bill was introduced to authorize the Or
dinary of Newton county to issuedetters of ad
ministration toL. A. Watley, a non-resident.
The*annexed bills were lost ; to reduce the
bonds of officers of certain counties ; to define
the rights of persons owning Landings on riv
ers; to require persons exempt from juror duty
to serve as Tales jurors.
The annexed bills were passed; to amend the
Charter of the City of Macon; to allow the
redemption cf real estate sold undor execution,
in two years; to organize and establish an Or
phan’s Home in this State; to add an additional
clause to the 2531 section of the Code; to in
corporate the Columbus Manufacturing Com
pany ;to prescribe and regulate the relation,
of parents and child among persons of col<£;
to incorporate the Savings Banks of Augusta;
to amend the 1350 section of the Code; to id
corporate the Dalton Medical College.
SENATE.
Friday, March 9.
The motion to reconsider the bill lost on
yesterday to make Vendue Masters responsi
ble for property sold by them—prevailed.
The annexed bills were passed ; to incorpos
rate t e Southern Savings Bank and Associa
tion ; to incoiporate the LaGrange Savings
Bank ; to change the line between Lee and
Terrell Counties ; to make Vendue Masters
responsi >le for the property sold by them; to
incorporate the Southern Bank of America ;
to alter Section 1620 <ft the Code.; to extend
the charter of the Central Railroad and Canal
Company ; to incorporate the Steam Cotton
Mill Company.
The annexed bills were lost : to increase the
liabilities of Express Companies; to give Jus
tices’ Courts jurisdiction in cases of larceny,
where the theft was not more thau S2O.
The bill to vest the State’s lafids near Macon,
in the corporate authorities of said city, be
ing tho special order, was taken up and was.
under discussion at the time of closing this
report.
HOUSE.
Friday, March 9.
A resolution was adopted in relation to the
appointment of a committee to select a site
for the Penitentiary.
The bill for the relief of the banks, was in
definitely postponed.
Bill to encourage Immigration. Passed.
The annexed bills were passed : to repeal
the 285th section of the Code ; for the relief of
L. A. Whatley, Administrator; limiting the
charges of Express companies;-to extend the
corpoiate limits of Thomssville; Homestead
bill as reported by a Conference Committee,
The annexed bills were passed ? to require
freedmen to have certificates of employment ;
to authorize Ordinaries to issue letters testa
mentary kin certain cases; to a. low freedmen
equa'ity in giving in testimony.
HOUSE.
Friday Afternoon, March 9.
The annexed bills were passed : to extend
the limits of Thomasville; to doteate the.Oke
fenokea swamp lands to the Georgia Orphans’
Home; accepting tor the State donation of
land from the United States to States and ter
ritories; to authorize transfer of criminal cases
in Interior Courts to the County Courts; to
define and regulate Court contracts in the
County Courts; to authorize married women to
deposit money in Savings Banks; to incorporate
the Georgia Land and Lumber Company;
Bill to prevent the consumption of grain by
distilleries. Lost.
SINaTE.
Friday Afternoon, Match 9.
The bill to vest in the City Authorities of
Macon certain lands of tho State—being the
unfinished business—was taken tip, and after
considerable discussion was lost. Yeas 13,
nays 15.
The bill to incorporate the Planters Loan
and Banking Association was taken up and
passed*
SENATE.
Saturday, March 10.
On motion of Mr. Butler, 100 copies of The
report of the committee appointed by the
Provisional Governor to investigate the finan
cial condition of the State during the war,
were ordered to be printed for tho use of the
Senate. * '
Bill to amend section 3604 of the Code.
Lost.
Resolution in relation to the appointment cf
a committee of competent lawyers to examine
an 1 report on a digest of Supreme Court de
cisions iu course of preparation by A. O, Ba
con, E-q., was passed.
The annexed bills were passed: incorporating
the Augusta Savings Bank was passed; to en
able Judges of the Superior.and Inferior Court