Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

OLD SERIES, VOL. LXXV.- Cljronirlp ?: ieutiuel. • HE WRY MOORE, A. R. WRIGHT, TERMS: l>*'cr, 1 Month . j. (o 8 moT-thu - 800 ' “ * UiOQtiiH - 500 1 ytar - - 10 00 I*j-W£iklt, 8 motithi - • 200 6 month and . 8 .%0 1 year . . 7 oo Wniittv, at the rate of «3 00 per anaum. Aoct-KfA, April IT, \m, The Colton Crop of IfcGC. We notice that m trty of our exchanges are pub i hing opinlont of various parties as to the probabl s number of bales which are likely to be marie the present year. In many instances no reas >’s are given for the opinions express crl. and we notice several whose views are found'd upon the statements of correspondents from particular localities, as tj the prospect in their immediate vicinity. Opinions vary as to the amount of tbe crop from one to three million bales. This is a wide margin, and can only bo accounted for from the fact, that estimates for the entire crop of the cotton proaucine region are founded in most in stances, upon the crop prospect in the particu lar section famdiar to the writer. It will be scon at once that this is not a fair or reliable way to arrive at a truthful conclusion. In some localities, a breadth of land is being planted equal or nmtriy so, to that cultivated in lHtlO ; while in others not far distant, the crop now being planted is not equal to more than oue half or one third of the usual crop. In the one instance it would not be fair to infer that because in one county a large crop is being put, in, Vierefore, the crop planted in the cotton growing region in a large one ; nor on the other baud because in some sections a very small crop is being put in, that, therefore, a i mall crop will lots the result. • hese individual and particular statements coining Iroin the different sections of the entire cotton producing region, must bo collected and carefully compared, 'iheir reasuuablo ners examined—the facts upon which they are based carefully ecrulunized, the motives and opportunities ol the party for forming a correct estimate understood ; if we undertake to give ao opinion which would entitle us to claim a near approximation to the truth. We know how diflieu.lt it ever has been, to arrive at a proper estimate of a crop covering so largt an area of territory, and liable to be influenced by so many untoward circumstances, which can never be accurately anticipated or accounted for. Heretofore, in making such estimates, the greatest embarrassments uroee Irom the nature of the plant its great snsceptability to extremes of season—its liability to the ravages of worms, and the climatic influences which promoted or injured ltd productiveness. To those we now have added, the question of labor; i's supply and effectiveness ; the sup ply of stock, provisions and agricultural im plements. The quantity ot feitiiizers likely to he used, and the high prices which have been obtained for cotton during the fall und winter. The first great amt leading question to be solved is the amount of labor applied to the production of the present crop. In 18(10 there were something over lour millions ol negro slaves in the Southern States. According to the census tables about one half of that num ber weru between the ages of ten and sixty years This would give two millions aide to do work. Os the four millions of slaves in the Southern Slutes iu 1860, two millions and forty thousand (2,010,000) were iu the States of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Ken tucky, Missouri, and Maryland, aud conse quently were not to any considerable extent employed iu the production of cotton. It is true, a few thousand bales were raised ia some of these States, but the tabor of those States was principally applied to the production of pro visions, tobacco, graiu, hemp, turpentine, and stock. This would leave iu the cotton growing Stater about two millions of slaves, one half of whom were working bauds, from this num ber we must deduct those employed as domes tics, and in the trades ; also, some deduction should be made for those engaged iu the cities and towns as laborois. draymen, stevedores, porters, &c. We (to not believe Hut more than eight or nine hundred thousand hands were -mployed in the production of cotton previous ..'the war. To there must be added the number of white laborers who were engaged in its cultivation. There were, tu 18ti0, about three millions of white people in the* seven cotton States. Os these one half, o* - oue million live hundred thousand, were between the ages of 10 ana f>o years. About one half of these wore males. This would give us in the cotton States seven hun dred and fifty thousand male white persons between the ages of 10 and 00 years. Os these about one third, or two hundred and fifty thousand, were owners of lands and staves, who did not labor in the fields. Os the remaining five hundred thousand, it is supposed that two fifths were employed in the mechanic arts, trades and the piofessioas. This would leave three hundred thousand field laborers. To tin se add th« numb)r of slaves employed in agriculture, and we have the following total field laborns : Slaves .900 000 Whites 300 000 Total 1,200,000 We are satified that this is rather over than under the number actually employed as agri cultural laborers previous to the war. L»t us now examine for a moment the present supply of labor, both black and white, and see bow it compares with that of 18t>0. Un fortunately, we have no reliable data to aid us in this investigation ; we have, however, a few facts, from which we may be able to ap proximate a fair estimate of out present labor supply, lu the first place, we know from the ’ official reports tha. two hundred uud fifty 1 thousand black men have been enlisted in the j army of tbo United States as soldiers, team sters. pioneers, &c. Os this number it wi.i be | safe to calculate not more than fifty thousand will hoe cotton this year. Then there is quite a large number who have flocked to the cities and towns to avoid field labor. We estimate these at oue hundred thousand. There is a.so a considerable number of women and girls from 12 to lt>, who weie field hands, but now are lying up on the plantations in idleness their husbands and fathers supporting them. A great many field women have also songh. and obtained employment as house women cooks, chambermaids, washer-women, XC. These must be all deducted from tho number formerly employed in the cotton fields. Thus we nave: Enlisted soldiers. &e 200.000 Engaged in cities and towns 100.000 Women and girls not working 100.000 Women and girls doing house work 25.000 Total 425,000 Making a total of four hundred and twentv i five thousand bands withdrawn from the pro ! Auction of cotton. To these must be added the Dumber who have died during the war. These have been estimated as high as one-fourth of the entire black population. Without stopping to inquire whether this is a fair estimate of the entire mortality of the black race, we think that we may safely estimate the mortal ity among those between 15 and 00 to be at least one hundred thousand. Then we have the following figures : Slaves in the cotton states employed in 1800 as field laborers 900,000 From which deduct enlisted soldiers 200.000 Engaged in cities and towns.. 75 000 Women and girls not working. 100,000 Women and girls doing bouse work 25,000 Died since the war 100,000-500,000 Which ieaveß 400,000 as the entire available black labor now en gaged in raising cotton. To this we must add the amount of white labor thus employed. We have seen that, about three hundred thousand whiten were engaged as farm laborers before the war. At least one-fourth ot them were killed or maimed during the conflict. This would leave two hundred and twenty-five thousand now at work in the production of cotton. Then we have as the entire available plantation labor in the seven States of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana,. Arkansas, Texas, Florida and South Carolina— Blacks 400,000 Whites 225,000 Total. .* 025,000 Against Backs 000,000 Whites 300,000 Total 1,200,000 in 1800, Thus we have for the production of the present crop but a little over one-half the labor employed in ]BGO. In properly estimating the extent of the growing crop, we should also bear in mind tho infirm character of the labor now em ployed as compared to that of 1800, The ex periment of freo negro labor is yet to be worked out. We believe that they are so tar doing much better than the most hopeful had antici pated- No one with whom we have communi cated, however, rates them as full and efficient labor as under the old system. Something must bo allowed for this deficiency iu the character of our present labor. This, as a matter of course, is a mere matter of conjec ture. Some say they are only half as efficieut as formerly—some think they do about two thirds the labor they accomplished before the war, aud some put it a little higher still. But estimating eachhand employed, as good as in 1800, and wo cannot under the most favorable seasons expect more than a half crop, or 2,000,- 000 bales. There cannot be more than one hall tbe land planted, which was cultivated in 1800. For want ol effective stock, and tho compelled use of inferior implements, the preparation for the crop has been very imperfect. The scarcity and consequent high prico of seed has com pelled our planters'to put too little seed in the earth—their planting will be the cause of bad atauds. The condition of the plough animals is very poor, on account of the great scarcity of corn, resulting from the failure of the ne gro’s to work and house tbe last crop. Taking all theso things into consideration we do not believe that a crop of more than eighteen hundred thousand bales can be pos sibly raised this year, if there should be an early frost, or any very great exlremes of wet or dry weather, it will fall short of that amount. Indeed, there are so many accidents likely to affect the growth of tbe plant, that it would be extremely hazardous to make an estimate of the crop, save upon tho grounds which we have taken. It will be seen that in all our estimates and figures we have confined ourselves to the seven great cotton States. The high price of botton will no doubt stimulate its production in North Carolina, the Southern portiou of Virginia and iu Middle and West Tennessee. Allowing a fair crop, in proportion to the land planted, to be made iu those States, we still think our estimates will iall rather under than ever tbe true amount. We must not ovorlook the very important fact that 1 tile or no manures will be applied to the cotton crop this year. H.-re tofore, all the stable and barn-yard manures, the scrapings from the cattle aud sheep pens, and a considerable portion of cotton seed, have been applied to cotton. The amount of cotton seed raised was generally sufficient to supply the corn crops, leaviug all the other available fertilizers for cotton. There being no cotton seed this year to be used as manure, tbe corn crop has absorbed all the stimulauts usually applied to cotton, leaving the latter to struggle unassisted against the po.erty of the soil.— Guano, too, had been, previous to the war, pretty extensively used on cotton lands. This year, the high price, scarcity ot money and imperfect means of transportation, have pre vented tbe usual amount being used. All these things must be carefully considered iu arriving at a conclusion as to the extent of the crop; and they all tend to confirm us in the belie! that the present, in the very nature of things, must be a short crop. A Mississippi River correspondent of the Memphis Bulletin thinks that not more than one-fifth of the cotton and corn will be pro duced on the river plantations, as compared with 1800. the year before the war. He says . “An immense change is apparent along the river shores to Vicksburg. Innumerable ruins attest the destruction of the last few years she sites of once flourishing villages are waste places. mighty chimneys litt their silent mon umental bodies, the only thing left to m irk the places where elegant mansions and splen did residences once stood. The Vandalism aad ruthless hand of unbridled license have strip ped them of all the attractions and beauties that sanctified them as homes. Destruction and desolation appear everywhere.’’ A Radical Csowd. —A Republican in Maine, who had recently served out his time of thirty days in the Augusta jail, was asked when he came out how he liked it. ‘T had a bully time," said he. ‘There were seventy-six in mates of the jail, and not a d—d Democrat amongst the lot.” j Chn P.tk, President of the See Ynp Company | of.San Fiaucisco. died in *hat city a few days ago at the ege of 89. The initial meeting of the First American Society, for the prevention of crnelty to ani mals was held in New York, a lew evenings since- The Mobile Turner Association celebrated their eleventh anniversary on the Ist. The general land office has just received several boxes of valuable specimens of ores from Colorado. The payment of the May interest on the gold-bearing coupons known as five-twenties will not be anticipated, but will be paid the perioa at which it tails due. $20,300,000 is about the amount to be paid. THE TRIE HSlip. The following extract from a private letter written by a gentleman of mature intellect, and one of the most conservative and well informed citizens of South-western Georgia, we commeDd to the careful perusal of our peo ple. Though not intended for publication, we have taken the liberty of presenting it to our readers. While we do not entirely agree with our correspondent in his gloomy forebodings for the future, of what was once a great and pros perous country, we can very readily perceive why bis mind is anxious and almost despairing of Constitutional Government. He is right in our opinion in the view which he takes as to tbe character of the conflict now being waged by the Radicals, (or as they should be more properly styled) the Centralists against the reconstruction policy of President Johnson. The great question which underlies all their plans, is that of bo shaping their conduct as ultimately to enable them to sap the founda tions of representative Government. The in cessant twaddle about the rights of negroes is the chaff with which they Beek to blind the eyes of the Northern masses, to their uitimate object of destroying Constitutional Govern ment in this country. It is true that they ex pect through the vote of the negroes, to be enabled to carry out their general plans for the ultimate overthrow of Republican Gov ernment. And it iB for this very reason that they seek to clothe tbe black people with tqual political rights with the white race. If they imagined for one moment that they would be able with the ballots of white men alone, to carry out their object, the questions of negro citizenship and negro suffrage would be immediately abandoned. The whole aim, policy and conduct of tho Centralists is to subvert our present system of Representative Government, and raise up in its place a great Central Directory, with un limited power over all tbo States. They are of the earne opinion with President Lincoln, who compared the condition and rights of the several Stateß ofthe Union to the different coun ties composing the States. This is their grand idea—a total obliteration of State rights and State inws. This would enable them to build up a Central Government at Washington, to tally independent of the several States, and of the people thereof. But before this can be done radical changes in the organic law are to be effected. The posi tion of the States lately forming the Southern Confederacy is such as to afford them the power to control the legislation of the country. By keeping the Representatives of tbe Southern States out of their seats in Congress, they are enabled to override the plainest provisions of the Constitution and fasten upon the people of tbe South a system of laws which places, the ignorant aud debauched black race upon an equal footing with the white people. One mere step is needed to insure the power which is requisite in the establishment of their system, and that is negro suffrage. W ith the negro vote of tbe South added to that of the Radical vote North they may be able to destroy tbe Government and rear upon its ruins a consoli dated Directory with unlimited Power. They have well chosen the time for this attempt. The bad feelings engendered by the war be tween the North and South, are kept alive at the North by repeated and highly exaggerated accounts of Southern sentiment, and Southern hatred to the Government of the United States. Legions of lying newspaper correspondents are swarming over the rich valleys of the South, manufacturing for Northern consumption, the most highly colored statements of disloyalty to the Government of the United States, and cruel treatment to the black people in onr midst. These reports are relied on to keep tho Northern mind inflamed, and resentful towards the South, while the leaders in Con gress and out of it, are concocting their plans tor the destruction of the Government. That the Radicals are receiving the support and countenance of foreign monarchists, we have every reason to believe. The recent bill ing and cooing between tbe Secretary of State, and tbe French and English Ministers of Foreign Affairs, is indicative of the interest felt by the monarchists of Europe in the suc cess of their Radical friends on this continent. Foreign powers very well understand the value to be placed upou tbe Radical dogma of uaversal suffrage, They know that it is only resorted to for tbo pm pose of establishing tbe party in power, aud that once accomplished, and the administration of the Government fully Uudcr their control, the true objects and aims will be asserted and established. But we are delaying our readers from the perusal of our friend’s letter : Starksville, April 20th, 1866. o a « • e ss o What do you think of tha luture ? Is the darksome sky clearing or coloring with blood? Observe the political antagonism existing in this country between the new and old ideas of Government—the Conservatives controling the Executive Department, advocating the restora tion of the Government organized by the Con stitution, and the Radicals controling the Legislatute and Judicial Departments, advo cating a strong Central Government, each party bent on crushing the other, and say if you can look hopefully into the future ? These antagonisms must cease before confidence can be had in the stability of our form of Govern ment. The intense hatred existing between these paities evidences too clearly that neither will yield. The Conservatives ought not—the Radicals, confident of their strength, will not. The resu'.t is blood ? To that arbitrament these embittered antagonisms will appeal. Each party, conscious of its strength, will enter hopelullv into the contest, hut which will triumph in the end ? It is doubtful which is the stronger party in this country. The Con servatives have through the Executive, the Attny and Navy, as long as they recognizs his authority over them—the Conservative ele ment of the North and the sympathy of the South. The Radicals have the Feuians armed and ready to meet the army—a large majority at the North to sustain them and a certain race in the South. I place the Feuians with the Radicals because 1 believe the.-were intended to operate on this side ot the water as the military arm of the Radicals, because the ostensible purpose of the Fenian organization i- too chimerical for sensible men to have un dertaken. Hence the conflict will be a donbt lul OBe even if European Governments should | regard it with as much apathy as they did the , gigantic and heroic -struggle through which j the stricken South has recently passed. But ! will they so regard it ? Our fathers inangu ; rated a system of Government wholly new and unknown, but based on doctrines antagonistic ; to the European system. The spirit of the j new system asserted itsdf in Europe--crowns j tremoled bat finally crushed it there. They desire# to crush it everywhere. They I ignored the rights of the Confederate States I by the laws of nations and particularly a3 de fined by the Articles of the Convention AUGUSTA, GA„ WEDNESDAf.MORNING, MAY 9, 1866, of Paris to which they permitt-d •;s. to become a party because- their sympathies were against us. Why ? We wer-j asserting in arms the great right of self-government in accordance with the doctrines of the Revolution of IT i 6 ‘that government derives is just powers from he consent of the governed,” and giving to the world an illustration of its powers and energy. Their sympathies w.re with the Federal Gov ernment. Why? When it made war upon us it of necessity abandoned the doctrine of self government for it intended to impose its gov ernment upon us not only without, but against onr consent, thus assuming for the purpose in hand the ideas upon which the" old system of government is based. Now the Conservatives desire to restore and perpetuate the government of bur father's— the Radicals to overthrow it and establish another in it 6 stead. The struggle between the old system and the new one inaugurated by the Federal Constitution is about to commence, not upon soil governed under the old system, by the sp rit of Repul isiertTng itself there, but upon soil dedicated by our fathers to Democratic representative government, con troled by the limitations of a written Coneti tution, by the spirit of tbe old system assorting tsalf here. The crowns of Europe wish the pirit of Republicanism crushed—the Radicals are seeking to crush it. Tlffnk you that they will remain neutral pending such a conflict ? Would it not be unreasonable to suppose that they would ? True to themselves as they always are, they will send armed sympathy to tho Radicals, and thus find a realization of their hopes ia the destruction of republican ism. It this struggle come.-, may the South not be called upon to aid conservatism ? The future is gloomy, but some good may coma to the South out of the conflict. Even amid the smouldering ruins, Hope may rekindle its fires. But I have said much more than I intended at the outset, perhaps have said too much, if I have, however, I know that I Lave said it to one who feels as I feel upon those subjects— one who cannot, if he wouid, feel otherwise. General Grant. It is amusing to witness tbe attempts of the Radicals to draw General Graut into an appro val of their policy, and an endorsement ol their principles. For the last six weeks they have been laboring to impress upon the Northern mind the belief that the General is fully iden tified with their schemes to deprive the South ern Staffs of rightful representation in the National Legislature. They have evtn gone so far as to hoist his name at the head of the Radical Press as their candidate for the next Presidency. To give this bare-faced effrontery a semblance of tiuihfuinees, the movement is started in a paper published in Gaiena, 111., the place of General Grant’s residence. Ail sorts of toadyism have been resorted to with a view of winning the General’s countenance and support. The country is flooded every morning with silly telegrams from Radical Headquarters at Washington, detailing tbe most minute and uuimrortant acts of his every day life. He takes a drive (he is known to be fond of horses) and at once the wires tremble with the important news. He calls into requi sition the services of a barber to cut and trim his bairish appendage, and the lighining flies North, East and West, bearing on its wings the gratifying intelligence. He dines at Wil lard’s (he likes a good dinner aud does not particularly object to a good glaes of wine) and the country next morning is flooded with the startling information. He touches his hat to a maimed soldier (he is a polite gentleman) and the whole Radical camp is in a biaze of excitement over this wonderful display of kind ness and gentility. These and a hundred other incidents of like character and importance are daily hashed up to tickle the palates and arouse the enthusiasm of the Northein’masses. Gen. Grant, in common with aii decent well tninking men, must loathe this fulsome hdula tion. He is too intelligent a man not to see through this thin veil of hypocracy and cunn ng, and must despise in his heart, the abject roois and flatterers who think that he can be taught or won by such shallow aud contemptible de vices. The whole history of the man both public and private, shows that he is the last man in the country who could be influenced by such trickery. A brave soldier himself, he would scorn any thing mean or cowardly ; a skillful and accom plished General, ha can a pr elate and admire courage and skill, genius and prowess in an honorable adversary. Like all gentlemen, educated to the profession of arms, ha is sensitive to insult, and jealous of his honor. Having been raised and educated in the Henry Clay school of polities, his whole sympathies are enlisted on the side of Constitutional Gov eminent. We have no fear that he can even so far forget bis early training or falsify his public record, asj to Send his mighty name and influence to carry out the mad schemes of the destructionisfs. His whole course towards the South since the surrender of the Confede rate army, has been characterized by candor, frankness, generosity and hindness towards his conquered foes. To him mainly is the country indebted tor the release of Gen. Bold ly Johnson, Admiral Semmes, Hon. G. C. Clay, and last though not least, Georgia’s most esteemed and respected son, Hon. A. 11. Stephens. We have reason to believe that when the order was issued bo Stanton, last May, for the arrest of Gen. Lee, that it was through Gen Grant that it was revoked, who stated that Gen. Lee hid surrendered to him as the military head of tha United States forces, and that he had given his word a3 a gentle men and officer, that Lee should not be mo lested, and that it the order for hia arrest was not revoked iie coula nc longer retain his com mission. Stanton dared not make this issue, and the disgraceful order was revoked. But above all, we believe that General Grant isatiue trend to republican institu tions, and is anxious to have this Govern ment perpetuated, as it came from the hands of our fathers. He cannot, therefore, approve the course of those who are seeking to destroy its greit Federative ft a! are. and establish upon its ruins a great Central Directory with un limited power. He is ta friend of represen tative government, and wo do not believe sym pathises with those who would deprive the people of eleven States of this Union of a lair and proper representation in the common Government. We have seen nothing in the conduct of General Grant, either before, or during, or since the war which shows that he in the slightest decree approves of the con duct of Chase, Stevens, and Sumner. On the contrary, his whole course has been marked by kindness, moderation and justice towaids the Southern States and the men lately in arms against him. A full length portrait o M. Porsird. toe French dramut.H, i.- to te p.a;-j one of t -• Departments of the Hotel de V: 1 . 0 1* he town of Vienna, at the expense of the munici pality. I The Proposed Tax oa Colton. : - consumption of cotton in any on yj*r was in 1860; when the whole amount >•* United Slates was about 400,000,- 000 pounds ; and ot all Europe 1,844,710,000 ; : ‘k !i f ln 2.244,700,000 pounds equal to about®,ooo.ooo baies of American cotton, of 45i> pda mis each. it re® th; o consumption of cotton an ex cessive supply of cotton fabrics was made, and the over supply wouid probably have cause# serious cheek to this branch of indus try naif it not baea for the war. We may as sume, then, that whenever, in the next six or seven Jjears. the total supply of cotton shall be- qtili to 5.000 000 American bales, there wil bp cotton enough. \\ there is cotton enough, the price wdl bwregulated in Liverpool by the price at which »the countries where cotton is most cheaply produced can afford to continue and iacfeafi its cultivation, even though such c nutrias may each produce a comparatively small of the total supply. If we impose a tax upon American cottoD, the countries thus regulate the price will be In dia. jjMid B.azil. Europe consumed in 1865. |J89;600,000 pounds of cotton, equal to ' jwSSfMmfcvea.n bales of <155 puunds -tsaetL. U? Ibis. ter 2,200.000 bales were from India,' Egypt, Brazil, and other countries outside of the United States. * Iu this year, 1866, it is not likely that there will be any increase, but the crop planted for delivery next year will have been planted un der the stimulus ot a price of from 35 to 50 cents per pound in gold iu Liverpool. It may, therefore, ba said that the crop of countries other than (lie United States planted this soring for delivery in twelve months trom No vember 1 1866, to November 1, 1867, will be fully equal to 2,500,000 baies of American cot ton. If the United States should this year pro duce 2,600,000 bales of cotton, there will be a full supply in 1867. But while many believe even a larger quantity, it can hardly be ex pected that so much will be raised, and it might therefore be said that cotton would for one year bear a tax as high as that recom mend'd by' the Revenue Commission, viz, 5 cents per pound. But is it not almost certain that the total crop delivered in 1868 will be in excess of the demand ? Is it not tolerably cure that onr crop next year will be 3,000,000? Moreover, if the price brought by the crop now planted is so high as to warrant a tax of 5 cents per pound, will it not estimate a larger product in other countries as well as here ? We do net think our necessities warrant even a temporary departure from a souud principle of political economy, by taxing a raw material, one of the chief produeis of our agriculture, ia such manner as to give a dangerous stimu lus to the production of other countries. If our revenue were insufficient there might be an excuse, but with an ample revenue there can be none. But, if we must tax cotton at all, 5 cents per pound is too high, for the reason that it will soon represent more than the difference iu value between the American and East India cotton. The cotton of Egypt and Brazil is better than our own, and will therefore always take precedence in the English market. The largest supply of foreign,cotton Is the East In dian or Surat. This formerly sold at about two-th'irds the price of American, but the im provements in machinery for the manufacture of short staple cottou have caused Surats to average nearly three-ifourths of the value of American cotton. Now, wi:h only a full supply of all descrip tions cf coitoi l —without a surplus—the aver age price cannot be expected to rule above 16 cents ia gold, free horn taxes. But suppose tho average to be 20 cents, free from taxes ; the Surat would bring 17J cents and tho Amer ican about 22 cents. It we then add the tax of 6 cents, we put American at 27 cents. Tbe margin between it and Suratg would be far greater than the difference in value, and either our taxed cotton would be piled up, and ‘the product decreased-, or the attempt to collect the tax trom foreign countries would fail, and our own producers of cotton would pay it,— The Georgia Dead at Gettysburg. The Columbus Enquirer says : Dr. Camak, of Athens, Ga., who has lately visited the lo cality, gives the following interesting informa tion in reference to the battle field of Get tysburg and the Georgia soldiers who fell and are buried there : Our army passed over a space seven miles long by three, wide, and our dead are buried within these twenty-one square miles. The following list of graves of Georgia soldiers that can easily be identified was furnished Dr. Camak by Mr. H. Warren, who lives fin the vicinity. Mr. Warren says that he feels sure of the iden tification of these, and that there may b 8 more whose graves can be distinguished: Joseph Powell, 38th Ga; J Branch, 61st Ga; Lieut Wood, 38th Ga; Frank Botts, 61st Ga; Giint Buchuler, 61st Ga; J N Harboro, 61st Ga; flaps C M Ballard, Bth Ga; Wm Young, Cos A, 6lst Ga; Maj P Brensn, 61st Ga; CewJ Wasden, 22 1 Ga; Capt J W Lander. 22d Ga; Capt Wm Lee; Capt S W Glass, Cos E, 63d Ga; Capt At kin-, Cos A, 53d Ga; P Lynch, Cos F. 13th Ga; Lt W Alichum, Cos B, 13th Ga; W B Butler, Go H, 4th Ga; T Howell, CoE, 3d Ga; James Conner, Cos H, Bth Ga ;J T Bladen, Cos E, 13th Ga ; Richard Janlt, Cos F, 51st Ga ; W Brueeweil, Cos G. 49ih Ga ; Llsut C L Walker Cos F, 26th Ga, E F Johnson, Cos I, Bth Ga ; E A Ward ,Cos C, 50th Ga ; J R Ciosby, Cos B 16th Ga ; J L Reed, CoC, 16th Ga ; J It B Nicholas, Cobb’s Legion, W B Elrod, 16th Ga ; J C Odom or Adam 18'h Ga ;J A Unis. Cos E. Cobb’s Leg gion ;W P Hubbard, Cos H, 18th Ga ; J E Davis, Cos I, 11th Ga ; G W Gilbert Cos I 11th Ga ; Corp or C■ pt Win, Cos H, 11th Ga ; W H Watson, Cos K, 11th Ga ;L J W Bunn, Cos K, 11th Ga ; Capt J M D Bond, 53d Ga ; Sergt Allred Burch, 50oh Ga ; Lieut Col Hearse, 50th Ga ; Capt Buckhalter, 50th Ga ; E Newton, Cos A, 50th Ga ; Capt E M D, Cos A, 50th Ga ; J F Weekly, Cos I, 50th Ga ; T H Lawrence, Cos G, 24th Ga ; W F Brown, Cos B, 15th Ga ; W F Noah. Cos G,- 9th Ga ; Sergt W L Brenner, Cos K, 51st Ga ; G A Bagly, Cos A, 10th Ga ; J B ionseler, 24th Ga ; J B Willonghby, Cos G, 38th Ga ; N S Puah, Cobb’s Legion ; Lieut J W Cheeeooro ; C C Brook, Georgia Legion ; Noah C Strickland, Jackson Cos. Ga ; T R Bar rett. Cos 11, Georgia LegioD ; Lieut E F Smith, Cos E. Georgia Legion ; Lieut T Howza, Cos C, Georgia Legion ; W T Morgan, 35th Ga ; T Herris, 35,!i Ga ; Lieut J f Key, Cos E, 10th Ga ; H A Morrow, Cos E, 10th Ga. la reference to the present condition of the field cf battle, Dr. Camak says : “In gome casts tho graves have been ploughed over, but in very few instances ; but by another year many wiil be.’’ Dr. C. proposes the purchase of a spot on the battle field as a burial ground for all our dead and we commend this suggestion to the con siderate of the peoole o£ tho State. He says : ‘At the School House Hospital three hundred of our men are buried. This place can be pur chased, say six acres, at SSO per acre. Can we not have all our burled soldiers removed to this spot?” The purchase of the place is of course aa easy matter, so far as raising of the sma-l sum required is concerned, but it is proper that the question should be canvassed and public sentiment in reference to it mani fested, as all part3 of the State are interested in anything that concerns the honored Southern dead at Gettysburg. If the proposition re ceives favo-able consideration —as we doubt not it will—the means of raising the sum ne cessary to improve the grounds, collect the re mains of the dead, and put up suitable tomb stone, can next be considered. Those who de ire further cr more particular information concerning the Confederate dead at Gettysburg can address Mr. H. Warren, Gettysburg, Pa. Dr. Camak says his statements may be relied on. MM. Do Henri Fabre aad Franz have placed before the P-»ria Academy of Science their dis covery of ti: means for transmuting silver, copper and quicksilver into gold. i he hero of Tennyson's forthcoming poem is ;'• i'U.dy Dans Lucretius Caras, the Roman didactic pr.)-!. wl.c fell by his own hand at the age of forty three, having been driven mad by a love phiiter administered to him. OIR WASHiIVdTiM LETTER. POLITICAL NEWS AND OOSJIP IS THK FEDERAL CAPITAL (FROM OCR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) Washington, Thursday, -April 26. The events cf the last week, in disclosing dissensions that prevail in the Radical camp, have done much to strengthen the position of the President. There is a terrible flare up in Reconstruction Committee, and that junto of legislative wiseacres are at loggerheads, once more, on the subject of their report. The news papers are blamed for this. The report was fully agreed upon on Saturday last, and it was intended that its official promulgation should have startled the country on Monday ; but the pryiDg propensities of the Washington news paper correspondents prevailed against all the precautions of Coagressioual secrecy ; and what the framers of the report term its “premature” publication was the result. The substance of the recommendations agreed upou by the Committee was very’gener! ITTy known" £o?b 'on Sunday, and was that night telegraphed to the press in all directions, North and South. The consequence was that a hornet's nest was raised about the ears of the Committee by those of their own party whose views the report happened not exactly to suit, Under the sud den pressure of opposition, several of the more weak kneed amongst the committee-men gave way ; a meeting of the Committee was hastily summoned, and. amidst much angry wrangling, the report which had cost so much time and labor was reconsidered and rejected. The general impression now is that the Committee will not be able to agree on any recommenda tions whatever ; and it is known that five ouc of its fifteen members are in favor of adjourn ing sine die, without action. All this, as 1 have said, goes far towards helping the President and the Conservatives, in proving to the country that the Radicals have, in reality, no settled policy, aud that their course leads directly to political misrule and anarchy. But the lack of unity in their party counsels seems to im pose no check upon the introduction of VIOLENT MEA-_UH.ES into Congiess by the leading Radical agitators. Two of the latest and most notable of these measures are: First, the project now boldly avowed, of filling the Post Offices and other Federal appointments in the South with negro appointees, in default ot whites sufficiently “loyal” to take the iron-clad oath ; and, Secondly, the proposition urged by Senator Henderson to stop the pay of all civil officers appointed by the President, in cases where such appointments have not been confirmed .by the Senate. On the pleasant results to follow the first mentioned scheme, if put in practice, I need not dwell; the other would be a gross assault upon the Executive privilege, in violation of all precedent, courtesy and reason, and would, in fact, render the President a mere puppet in the hands of Congress. Yet both these plans to thwart the President’s policy have been for mally broached and are every day openly can vassed on the floors of Congress. THE NEW TAX BILL reported yesterday by the Committee of Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, just now divides, with political topics, the talk of the town. As it is not likely that the bill will receive any material modifications at tbe hands of Congress, its provisions are regarded with great interest. For the benefit of your business readers you will doubtless reproduce in the Chronicle & Sentinel the abstract of the bill, which appears in the papers this morning. The features ot the measure most interesting to the general leader are these : It reduces the total burden of taxation by about fifty mil lions of dollars; It taxes the amount of per sona) income exempt from taxation at SI,OOO, instead of S6OO, as under the present law ; it reduces the present tax of 35 cents per pound on smoking tobacco to 10 cents per pound; and lastly, it increases the tax on cotton from two cents to fivecentsperlb. The last item (which I thought worth telegraphing specially to you yesterday) will cause a very unpleasant sensa tion amongst the large cotton holders through out the South, and, taken in connection with the heavy decline of the staple at Liverpool, will be apt to produce a panic in the American cotton market. The great Express Companies of the country made a desperate effort to have tax on their business reduced, and even em ployed counsel (Mr. Seward, nephew of the Secretary of State) to plead their cause before the Committee; but instead of yielding to their solicitations, the Committee recommend the increase of the tax upon the gross receipts of Express from three to five per cent. THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD. Congress is just now in a ferment over the Northern Pacific Railroad bill. This is a cu rious measure, and, inasmuch as it involves some sixty or seventy millions of the public money, there is a tremendous lobby interest working to get the bill through. Tho provi sions of the bill may be given in a nut-shell. Some years ago Congress granted a charter to tho Northern Pacific Railroad, conveying to the Company a part of a strip of land forty miles wide—twenty miles on either side of the road— to assist in the completion of the great work. The Company, disappointed in finding capital ists ready to advance funds for the construction of the road upon iho security of these lauds in the wilderness, come back to Congress and as-k the Government to guarantee the payment of the interest on its stock for twenty years, taking as security for the interest thus guaran tied, ome half of the land already granted by Con. gras in aid of the scheme. The strongest men of all po itical hues, in Congress denounce the bill as nothing more than a huge swindle upon the treasury; but, in these days of venal poli ticians and legislators, it is impossible to pre dict the nitimate fate of the measure. STATUS OF THE SOUTHERN STATES. Rumor has it that the President will soon issue another proclamation in regard to the status of the Southern States, including Texas, stating explicitly that martial law ia at an end, and the writ of habeas corpus restored. It v.ill be a happy day for the Sonth when civil law is once more supreme throughout her terri tory. THE P4BDON BUSINESS at the White House has almost ceased. The President, however, pardoned a batch of fifty South CaroliEians under the tw -nty thousand dollar clause a day or two ago. Mayor Mon roe and Alderman Nixon, of New Orlenns, are here, seeking “Executive clemency.” But they are by no means sanguine of success. OEOP.GIA POSTAL MATTERS. The following extract from this week’s official bulletin of po3ta! changes will be of interest to your country readers : Gkoroia— Contract with Samuel A.-ked, ser vice from Athens to Hartwell, 46 miles, aud back, tnree times a week’, from Ist July. With John C. Addison, service from Clarks ville to Carnesviile, 30 milts, and back, once a week, from Ist July. Also, for services from Athens, by Harmony NEW SERIES, VOL. XXV NO. 20. Grove, etc., to Clarksville, 62 1-2. miles, and back, twine a week With Samuel E. Peacock, of Cuthbert, Geor gia, service from Columbus to Cuthbert, 62 miles, and hack, three times a week. Route 6074, Ga., Roms to Dirttowu, is ex tended to Summerville, and contract ordered with James Brownlow, of Rome, l'or'ouce a week service. Butternut. INTERESTING NOTES OF EVENTS AND POLITICS IN THE NATIONAL CAPITAL. [FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.] Washington, Friday, April 27. Things begin to look brighter. The vigor which the President is displaying in the remo val of the more noisy radical office-holders in Pennsylvania and New Jersey causes much trepidation amongst the rank aud file ot the opponents of Restoration, and proportionately encourages the moderate and conservative Republicans, who were growing nervous and restive under the appellations of “traitors” and “copperheads.’’ so constantly and bitterly applied' tb’ ttfeTn'^'^ u Thstt Wing of their pfcrty which follows the lead of Thad. Stevens. The POLITICAL INTELLIGENCE of a public and private character, which reach es os from various parts of the country, and especially from the West, also indicates a sal utary revolution of public sentiment. The people of the West, whose interests are largely involved in the prosperity of the South, are getting impatient at the manifest indifference of Congress to the rights and representation of the Southern States. This is more particularly the case in the Southern parts ot Oh o, Indiana and Illinois. Mis<ouri is now known to be almost a unit against the Radicals ; and Ma ryland, in spite of tbe odious registry law which disfranchises four-fifths of her citizens, will, at the next election, utterly repudiate the bitter and uncompromising Radicals who, hav ing been elected by force and fraud, now form the majority of her delegation in Congress.— And oven in New England, we have the evi dence of the late Connecticut election, in which the large Republican majority of last year was reduced to a merely nominal figure, —that the leaven of conservatism and the sober second thought is working amongst the masses. CABINET MAKING. A plan is at last suggested by which the President will be able, if he chooses, to check mate the threat of the majority of the Senate that they will not allow any change in the ex isting Cabinet. He can certainly dismiss any member of the Cabinet at will ; and, if the Senate should refuse to confirm the successors whom he may appoint, he can very well afford to leave the positions vacant. The business of tho various F.xecutive Departments would scarcely be embarrassed by the absence of their nominal Heads ; for the real Hoads—the Chief Clerks—would be at their posts, and would rank as Secretaries ad interim, and under their management the whole machinery of the Gov ernment would run as smoothly as ever. It may be said that it would be a novelty for a President to attempt to administer the Gov ernment without Cabinet Counsellors, but it may well be doubted whether it would not be better for Mr. Johnson to do without such counsellors altogether, rather than to have them as bitterly hostile as some of those who now surround him. THE TAX BILL AND THE TARIFF. The House of Repiesentatives will not take up the new Tax or the Internal Revenue Bill until next Monday week, but it is generally admitted that they will then pass it without much opposition. The Committee of Ways and Means having got this measnro off their hands, are now busy perfecting an ameaded tariff. I fear that there is a clear majority of the Committee iu favor of an increase of du ties ; so that the financial legislation of this Congress is likely to be doubly protective to the manufacturing interest—first by reducing the tax on home manufactures, and secondly, by increasing the duties on imported goods.— In neither of these measures has any regard been paid to the interests of consumers. THE PAYMENT OF THE WAR TAX IN THE SOUTH. One of the measures on which the Recon' struction Committee are agreed to report favorably, is to allow the Southern States ten years to pay their portion of the direct war tax, levied by Congress in 1862. This they consider a special favor anl concession. It is intended as a sugar-coating for tho pill of negro suffrage within fen years, which they hope to force down the Southern throat. They will also recommend that all persons who held office of any kind under the Confederate Gov' erument shall be forever disqualified from holding office under the Government of the United States. MERE MENTION. Amongst other items of current news and gossip the following will interest your readers: Gen. Sickles, Commanding at Charleston, has been relieved, and is appointed United States Minis ter to the Hague. This ia a sore blow to James Watson Webb, who was anxious to ex change his present mission to Brazil for that to Holland. The bill for the admission of Color ado, which has passed the Senate, will be rushed through tho House in a hurry. The negro criminals who were pardoned on con dition of goiog-to Louisiana, have managed to escaped from those who had them in charge and are now again at large in the midst of our community. They have no idea of going to work, Speaker Colfax says that Congress will not adjourn until July. The President has pardoned Mayor Monroe and Alderman Nixon, of New Orleans ; and they have started back to that city to enter upon their official duties. Attorney General Speed has engaged Messrs. Evarts, Clifford and Rousseau to assist him in the prosecution of the trial of Jefferson Davis. The President lately remarked to a friend that he considered Thad. Stevens a much worse traitor than C. C. Clay. Butternut. Prof Sybel, the Prussian historian, is in Paris, searching the imperial archives for ma teriais for a work on the French revolution. By the raising of the sunken ships in the harbor of Sebastapol, Russia, thirty-six tone of iron, tweive hundred cannon, four thousand balls, *welv3 thousand cast iron ballast pigs, one hundred chain cables, and a iarge quantity of miscellaneous stores were recovered. The London and Northwestern Railway Com pany intends putting a train on the road to run express between London and Liverpool without stopping at any of the intermediate stations. Water wiil be taken up from a trench at Rugby, while the train is in motion, without any perceptible Peking of the speed. Smo king and refreshment rooms will be attached to the traiD. which will accomplish the distance of two hundred and seven miles in four hours. Mr. Boxall of the Royal Academy, has been appointed Director of the National Gallery of Art, Loudon, in the room of the late Sir Chas Eastiake. Sir Ch irles himself appointed Mr. Boxall to act for him during his illness, The new director has spent his Lfe in the study of the works of the old painters, and enjoys the highest reputation as a judici us art critic As a painter he has been represented, but not fre quently, on the walls of the Academy, and is deeply versed in the literature ol art. The Ladies of Baltimore—Baltimore Charily. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, ) Milledgkviue, Ga„ 23d April, 1860. j Information has reached this Department that the Managers of the Ladies Southern Re lief Society, of Baltimore, in the exercise of an abounding and elevated charity, had caused to be shipped to Savannah, subject to my order, five hundred barrels, containing flour, meal and bacon, “for distribution among our truly poor suffering white people," and that they “de sire that the appropriation shoxdd be dUrib'ded as to afford the greateit relief to the greatest nunv her of the really deserving poor and suffering women and children; 1 ’ to effect which distribu tion, they have also appropriated the sum of two thousand dollars : And the consignees, as well as the Presidents of the Central and At lantic and Gulf Railroads, having generously offered to aid the enterprise by personal ser vice, and by transportation free of charge, (as other persons and Presidents of Railroads doubtless will do);for the purpose, therefore, of distributing in Congressional Districts, as the most eligible primaiy divisions of the State, they being organized with a view to the nearest attainable equality in population, I make and publish the following order and re quests : ~'l.' Ifi'ttieTMfnrand behalf of-the whole people of Georgia, and especially of the des titute and suffering, I tender most hearty thanks to the dispensers of th>s munificent boon, whom 1 would designate, by a borrow ed appellation, which blends in touching asso ciation the ideas of a tender womanly relation and of a Divine attribute, “Sisters of Mercy.” Such, indeed, are these noble women of Balti more. Heaven’s blessings wait upon them. 2. Messrs Crane AJGraybilt, of Savannah, the consignees, are requested to divide the consignment into seven parts, as nearly equal as possible, reference being had to the kinds and quantities of tho articles composing it. And delivering one portion in Savannah as hereinafter provided, will ship ono of ihe six remaining to each of the lollowing points, viz : To Oglethrope, consigned to the Hon. Phillip Cook—to Newnan, consigned to the Hon. Hugh Buchanan—to Macon, consigned to the Hon. Thos. Hardeman, Jr.—to Augusta, consigned to Porter Fleming, Esq.—to Athens, consigned to the Hon. J. H. Christy—to At lanta, consigned to A. K. Seago, Esq. ’ 3. The lollowing gentlemen (the first named in each oaso acting as chairman) are requested to take charge of the several con signments for their respective Congressional Districts, and act as committees of distribu tion, viz : For the Ist District, Messrs. Solo mon Cohen, John Scriveu and James L. Seward—tor the 2nd, Messrs. Phillip Cook, A. S. Cults and David A, Vason—for the 3rd, Messrs. Hugh Buchanan, R. A. T. Ridley and J. F. J.ihnson—for the 4lh, Messrs. E G. Oabanisß, Thos. Hardeman, Jr., and Jeremiah Beal—for the sth, Messrs. J. D. Matthews, Samuel Barnett and Porter Fleming—for the 6th, Messrs. J H. Christy, J. S. Gholstcu and Thomas Morris—for the 7th, Messrs. Wm. T. Wofford, J. A. W, Johnson and A. K. Seago. The consignee in each District will notify the other members of his committee, so soon as he may receive the consignment, and appoint a day for their meeting at the place of deliv ery. Each committee is authorized to appoint necessary assistants, and sub-agents, and will act with special reference to the declared wishes of the donors. Bills of expenses una voidably incurred, will be presented at this office for payment. 4. Editors, throughout the State, willing to connect themselves 'with this laudable charity, are requested to give this order a few inser tions. 5. Let a copy of this order be forwarded to Wm. Urichton, Esq , Baltimore, who is request ed to present it to the Managers ot the Ladies So. Belief Fair, as a truthful, though imperfect, expression of Georgia’s gratitude. Let copies be forwarded also to Messrs. Crane & Gravbill, Savannah, to each member of the several committees appointed, and to each President oi a Railroad in Georgia. Charles J. Jenkins, Governor. Autograph Letter ot the Queen to Hr. Peabody. The following graceful letter has been written by the Queen to Mr. Peabody. Windsor Castle, March 28, 186 G. The Queen hears that Mr. Peabody intends shortly to return to America, and she would be sorry that he should leave England without being assured by herself how deeply she appre ciates the noble act of more than princely mu nificence by which he has sought to relieve the the wants of the poorer classes of her subjects residing in London. It is an act, as the Queen believes, wholly without parallel, and which will carry its best reward in the consciousness of having contributed so largely to the assistance of those who can little help themselves. The Queen would not, however, have been satisfied without giving Mr. Peabody some public mark of her sense of his munificenc, and she would gladly have conferred upon him either a Baro.i etcy or the Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, that she nnderstands Mr. Peabody to feel himself debarred from accepting such distinc tions. It only remains, therefore, for the Queen to give Mr. Peabody this assurance of her per sonal feelings, which she would further wish to mark by asking him to accept a miniature por trait of herself, which she will; desire to have painted for him, and which when finished, can either be sent to him to America, or given to him on tile return which she rejoices to hear, he meditates to the country that owes him so much.’’ The London Times says ; “It is to an Amer can that we owe far the greatest boon ever given to the poor of London, and it is to a citi zen of the United States the Queen has thought it right to address this personal ex pression of gratitude. We cannot but believe that such an occurrence will have no little in fluence in augmenting the good feeling which should prevail between these two countries. Mr. Mr. Peabody has done more to foster among us a kindly feeling for hts countrymen than couid have been effected by a generation of statesmen, and the Queen’s letter will, we hope, be received by the Americans as a con spicuous evidence of the friendly regard toward them which such acts have called forth on our part. Between no two countries are friendly relations mpre natural than between England and America, and we trust that this story of munificence and of gratitude may be long re membered in both nations as a pledge of peace and friendship.” Mr. Peabody’s Reply to the Queen. Mr. Peabody has sent the following reply to the Queen s letter, through Earl Russell, dated Aprif 3d : “Madam—l feel sensibly my inability to ex press in adequate terms the gratification with which I have read the letter which your Maj esty done me the high honor of transmit ting By the hands of Earl Russel on the occa sion. which has attracted your Majesty’s at tention, of setting apart a portjon of my prop* erty to ameliorate the condition and augment the comforts of the poor of London. “I have been actuated by a deep sense of gratitude to God, who has blessed me with prosperity, and of attachment to this great country, where, under your Majesty’s benign rule, I have received so mnch personal kindness and enjoyed so many years of happiness. “Next to the approval of my conscience, I shall always prize the assurance which your letter conveys to me of the approbation of the Queen of England, whose wbole life has attest ed that tier exalted station has in no degree distinguishad her sympathy with the humblest of her subjects. “The portrait which your Majesty is gra ciously plersjcjto bfs:ow oa racjl shall regarded at the rnost|preciouP| l ieiiloo:n thit lean leavej n the land of my birtu, where, together with the letter which vour Majesty has addressed to me, it will ever be’regarded as evidence of the kindly feeling of the Queen of the United Kingdom towards a c:t:z.-n of the United States. The Bankrupt Bill.—me Washington cor respondent of the Baltimore Sun, writes as follow.,: “The Bankrupt Bill is not only to be again brought forward, but is likely to be enacted.— Its friends claim for it a majority of twenty in the House. It has been defeated on two occa sions. at this session, by absenteeism and by di puted detaiis. But it is now thought, that, with some slight modifications, it will pais both Houses.”