Newspaper Page Text
OLD SERIES, VOL. LXXV.
Cljronirlf 'c fpiitinpl.
HENRY MOORE,
A. R. WRIGHT,
Cowardly Utterances
Tne Cincinnati Gaz-tte (do not forget the
natn ; of the paper) inform? its readers In a
recent issue that “thocalamities of the South,
furoi-b cau?., for uumixed joy and unbounded
entbiniaHfn.’' Os similar, it not altogether so
diabolical import, are sundry other effu
sions of radical wrath which we have from
time to time observed in their appointed
organs.
A few days ago we took occasion to com
mend the pn seat attitude towards the South
ern people of several prominent gentlemen
who had been cornspicuoue for their anti
slavery records but who Could exhibit Home
IWSwJiSJ*
fee. We tear that such instance* are far from
being, at the present timoat least, fair exposi
tions of the popular rnlnd at tho North to
wards uv There is reason to apprehend that,
if the masses there do not cordially endorse
smh sentiments us those which we have
quoted from the Cincinnati Gazette, their
sympathies liu in that direction. Wo have
pronounced the utterances cor ward ly ; for
whilst true courage is always generous
to an overpowered adversary, the craven
and the 4>ase are tyrannical and ctuel.
We can Marceiy conceive of a more malignant
temper than is evinced toward us in the fore
going extract. Look at the facts. We have
been conquered ; our territory has been
scourged in every part; the graves of our be
loved ones are strewed all over the land-; the
living have been coVored with sackcloth and
mourning ; our property has been wrested from
us by tho iron gloved baud of war, aud mul
titude? to day are suffering for the very neces
sities of life, in the midst of all this suffering
we are not defiant. Wo have complied with
every demand which was made upon us. Wo
have taken oaths, all that we could. Wo have
surrendered our army, have disbanded our ar
mies, have passed all the law? and “constitu
tional amendments’’ which have been required
at our hands ; have invested our late slaves
wiili as many privileges as they enjoy in Ohio;
have knocked at the door of Congress for re-ad
misHion to the seals which were voluntarily
vacated ; have Bent our merchants by hundreds
aud thousands to purchase goods in Northern
markets ; have paid millions of dollars (poor
as we are) to the f ederal tax collectors ; have
doue, in short, all that mortal man could do
to demonstrate his willingness to return to the
Union ; hut notwithstanding all, our calamities
—our mourning women and children, uur im
poverished orphans, our desolated couutry—
are viewed by a man iu Cincinnati with "un
mixed joy ami unbounded enthusiasm !”—tho
wretch -the monster! There is no word in
(lie vocabulary which can adequately charac
terize such a creature.
There are probably two rjiotives prompting
these fiendish exultations. One is the gratifi
cation which is afforded to that vindictive
temper, which Is excessive in all oowardly
natures. This, however, is not, we conceive,
the chief source whence such utterances draw
their inspiration. These radicals are not fa
natical enough to indulge their temper with
out un ulterior object. By a cruel mocking of
our calamities, they seek to inllame our pas
sioos und to elicit from us such words and
deeds as may luruish materials for strengthen
ing their party with the Northern' masses.—
'they know that it is “not iu nature’’ to bear
such monstrous outrages upon our sensibilities,
as these expressions are titted to inflict; and
when our exasperated pebple return fury for
lury,. und malice tor malice, this is just the
reply which they covet. 11l their own distor
ted versions they hasten to proclaim it as evi
dence thu< the frouth only seeks restoration to
political privileges,in order to make new com
binations for the destruction of the Govern
ment, The pec. pie believe, and the party thrives.
Under these ciioumsiuuces our wisdom con*
slsta iu disappointing such expectations. Lot
us pteserve our temper. Let us be cool. Let
us show that we occupy an elevation too high
to he reachedjhy the assaults of these groveN
lug cowards. Let these curs bark ou, aud let
us pursue our way heedless of their noise. We
kn6w that it is easier to give than to follow
such advice. It is hard to repress what we
feel to he the only appropriate retaliations for
such heartless jeers. But let our philosophy
and our religion be invoked to utdiu the work.
Let the one retain a temper which we cannot
indulge without persoual damage, and let the
other refer the rase to Hint who has said—
“ Vengeance is mine, 1 will repay.” In the
mean time we would refer (he editor of the
Cincinnati paper to tiie words of a certain
wise man, which may be found in the booa of
l’roverbs, 17th chapter and sth verse.
Loyalty.
A distinguished stat< sman and native Geor
gian said a short time since “ that he regretted
very much that our people were so much pre
judiced a raiust the word Loyal ; that it was a
good and noble word ; meaning, Fidelity, true
to the laws, allegiance founded upon law.”
This is unquestionably a signification of the
term, but it is the secondary meaning, aud in
this Sense the word has all the merits which
the distinguished Georgian claims for it.
Webster defines the primary meaning of the
word to lie " Faithful to i'rinoe or Superior "
and a i.qYalct to be a persou who "adheres to
his sovereign.”
Popular prejudice is unquestionably against
the word aud its derivatives. It conveys to
the popular mind the impression which arises
in attachment and fealty to a person, without
regard to questions of right, rather than a faith
rut di i h uge of duty, based upon a conviction
of the high obligations of law.
Historical associations and traditions strength
en this impression, aud tend to increase rather
than diminish the aversion which prevails.
This word comes to us from the polities of
monarchical Europe, and indicates the political
tea s which Emperors, Kings and Princes ap
ply to their subjects. "Is he foyui to the
crown '" was the test of British Premiers. —
“lhe King expects yon to trust only those
. to his interest?,” was the instruction by
the Secretary of the Preteuder. Nor do
the traditions which cluster around the
memories of goad aud great men, and
brave deeds whicU gave birth to the Ro
puotie. increase its favor. The loyalist
ot the Revolution— sustained George the Third
ami Lord North against George Washington
and the Continental Congress. The Generals
who commanded the British forces in the revo
lution. ttyled their colonial adherents whomjthe
Americans denounced as lories and royalists
loyalists. It was fiom these loyalists they
detived their spies, guides, and allies in
treachery and violence—making common cause
with tyranny and the merciless savage for
Burgoyne withiiis “Indians” and ‘•Loyalists’’
and Tarietcn and his bloody dragoons.
We can see no good reason to regret this
popular prejudice. Is there a special need for
the popular use of the word ? Is there any
special necessity to recall an obnexiou? term
which will shift its meaning wbb the political
tests of party power—which ‘ does keep alive
sectional feuds and heart burning animosities
—which does perpetuate recollections which
should be buried—which will engender bit
terness and strife, when peace and tran
quility are so greatly to bedesired and so es
sential to the public weal ? • Is not the repub
lican simplicity of Union men greatly to be
preferred, suggesting and perpetuating as it
does the recollections of tha noblegt events of
American history; asking only an allegiance
firm, true, and unconditional in maintaining
the Union a*it wis and ths conSiitn.io-i as it is; I
illustrating the past by the unswerving j
tion of Andrew Jackson, and the matchless
m the present, the noble efforts of Andrew
Johnson to preserve constitutional liberty to
our country.
'the Eight Hour Movement.
. Tne impracticable scheme—inaugurated by
lazy humanitarians and Qulfcotic theorists—
that the day shall be divided into three equal
parte—one to be devoted to labor, one to rest
und a third to recreation and improvement—is
now before Congress. Having failed before all
ciiciea of practical men who control and ought
to control tire working interests of the country,
and before all the State Legislatures, it i.s now
presented to the dreamers and schemers of
Congress, as a measure likely to meet their ap
proval. And we shall not be surprised at such
a result. The savans of that remarkable body
seem to imagine that the industrial as well as
political interests of the country are no more
than a rusty old clock to be wound up and,
regulated at their pleasure, and any measure
that promises to enlist the approval of one
class, without driving off a still larger c'.assj no
matter how injurious it may be to the whole, is
pretty certain to find favor in our present Na-
t.onal Legis atnre. Their strength is made up
of the shreds and patches of popular passion
and prejudice, of wrongs and injuries, of in
sult Hand outrages, perpetrated by tho many
against the few, tho strong against the weak,
and their policy is simply a drag net, cast into
the cesspool of the body politic, from which
they hope to fish up new elemonts of support
They have gathered in largely of the sword
iisb, and the black fish, the Cuttle with
a goodly number of eels, and now they are fix
ing their bait for the innocent and respectable
gudgeons—tho working classes. We are de
ceived in the intelligence of tho working men
of this couutry if they accept the boon of these
vote-fishers, even if it is offered them in State
or Congressional euactments. The price of
labor must be regulated by what it will pro
duct). Most mechanical labor is regulated by
the piece, or by the price earned by what are
termed piece -hands, and it is easy to demon
strate the injury the eight hour system will
work to tho mechanic who is dependent on the
results of his daily labor. Supposes tabio is
worth $8 to the cabinet maker, aud he pays his
workman $0 to make it. The labor required
is sixteen hours, and the price paid the work
man is $4 per day.
It the eight hour rule is adopted, it will cost
the employer $8 to get the table made. Does
any workman suppose that the price of tho
table will be increased to meet the reduced
hours of labor? Will not rather the measure
be the market value of the article produced ?
Congress may declare that the Government
employees shall only work eight hours per
day, but the business of the navy aud army,
and all the departments, will require an in
crease of laborers corresponding to the loss of
labor in the reduction of time. Does any man
i appose that such increase will be made in the
numbers, without a decrease iu the wages ?
Else all the working expenses of the Govern
ment would bo increased by about one fifth,
and the mechanics and other dear people be
required to pay additional taxation for this
boon of two hours' idleness per day to the
Government operatives—already the oest paid
aud least worked employees on earth. The
same rule applies to all private business. It
ihe price of the article produced is advanced
to meet the proposed advance in labor, the
inevitable tendency is to diminish the. demand.
Au exchange gives us a good illustration ou
this point :
‘‘The builders wish employment. Few houses
are now built, because of the high prices of
material and labor. Evtry man who proposes
to build a house counts the cost. His master
onilder gives hint au estimate of the amount
of days’ labor necessary, aud it forms the
large item iu the expeuse. Do the laborers
suppose that a man will build as readil_y when
be finds that it will take four thousand five
hundred days’ labor at two dollars a day as
when it would take three thousaud six hun
dred days’ labor at the same price ? Or do
they imagine that they will iucrease the price
ot buiidiug without affecting the amount of
work whioh will be otfered them? The natu
ral aud inevitable effect can only be to stop
work. The adoption of the eight hour sys
tem. therefore, would iu the eud, amount ouly
to this, that laborers must either lose work,
or else must work eight hours for four-fifths
of the pay they would get for ten hours. This
is a necessary result of the truth that labor is
worth what it produces.”
If contractors were to attempt to raise the
price ot manufactured goods to meet this eight
hour movement, the pioductions of tlie cheap
labor of Europe would run them out of the
market, and thus would the laborer loosq the
goose that lays the golden egg.
Tiukeriug with the aws of trade and labot
is fraught only with folly and mischief ; it is
unworthy even a place among the visionary
hobbies and corrupt schemes of Congress, who,
with all their mischief making have shown
commendable skill in all matters of finance.
The truth is the whole "eight hour move
ment." is advocated more to furnisb food for
political agitators, than from any regard for
the amelioration of American labor.
The linss Forgeries.
Tiie New York papers contain detailed ac
counts of the successful forgeries of John Ross,
a late broker of that city. He managed to
victimize various bauking firms to the extent
of about a half million, and make his escape.
His operations showed a good deal of adroit- :
ness, and caused a considerable sensation in
business circles. The following are all the
losses that have been discovered, though a
great m toy checks were out en other parties,
aud other losses may come to light :
Crontse A Cos $50,000 gold.
Black A Spaulding 50.000 gold.
David Groveebeck A Cos ...19,000 gold.
Union Bank 130,000 gold.
Continental Batik 100,000 gold.
Total 349,000 #
The Interior Court of Dooly couuty has posi
tively relused to grant any licensee tor the re
tail oi spirituous liquors in that county, though
powerful appeals were made to them for the
privilege.
Jleeltag of the stockholder? of (be Jlllledge.
vilie Railroad.
The Stockholders of the Milledgeville Rail
road held an adjourned meeting at the City
Hall, yesterday morning.
The hour appointed for the assembling of the
Convention having arrived, the President, Hon.
John P. King, took his seat, and directed the
Secretary, Judge Olin, to read the minutes of
the former meeting, which were confirmed.
After the rending of th 9 minutes the Presi
dent, in stating the object lor which the stock
holders hari been convened, said that, for him
self, he had not felt disposed to incur the ex
penses incidental to the completion of the road,
because of the high price of iron, and the lim
ited resources of the Company; besides, the
amount necessary to the accomplishment of the
object ($250,0001 was not in the hands or at
the command of the Company.
The importance of the load to the public,
however, and the fact of a decline in the price
MJmtsammk & 4&l
credit or the company, demanded that advan
tage should be taken of these, and measures
adopted looking to the speedy construction of
the read.
The call of stockholders was then ordered.
Mr. Turner, of Hancock, moved to dispense
with the call of the roll, ior the reason that
much time would be consumed thereby.
Mr. Phinizy, Jr., who with Messfs. Bothwell
aud Gargan, represented the city of Augusta,
opposed the motion. Hu wished to know the
amount of Btock represented, by whom, and by
what authority.
After some discussion the views of these gen
tlemen were harmonized, and the calling of the
roll was omitted, aud a Committee on Proxies
appointed.
Messrs. John Phinizy, Jr., -of Augusta, Tur
ner, of Hancock, and Wellborn, of Warren,
constituted that committee.
Having conferred and examined the author
ity ior proxies, the committee reported the to
tal number of shares represented by proxy to
be seven thousand and thirty-five.
The Committee’s report was adopted.
Stockholders present were then directed to
report to the Secretary the number of shares
they represented. Compliance with the order
revealed a representation, of two thousand four
huudied and forty-nine shares.
On motion, it was ordered that the Com
pany issue bouds to tne amount of two
hundred and fifty thousand dollars for the
purpose of pushing forward the work on the
road.
After some discussion on a question of fi
nance, the. Convention proceeded to the elec
tion of a President and Board of ’ twelve Di
rectors, with the following result :
PRESIDENT.
Hon. John P. King.
DIRECTORS.
B. B DaGraffenried, T. M. Turner,
M. H: Wellborn, J. T. Gartrell,
John Phinizy, Jr„ W. A. Ramßey,
James T. Bothwell, Jostah Sibley,
J. E. Marley, S. D. Heard,
B. H. Warren, James Gargan,
Their toiTu of office expires in October.
The Secretary, by order of the chair, read a
resolution, which wag adopted by the Board
several months ago, providing for the appoint
ment of a Finance Committee.
The President deemed it advisable to renew
that resolution, and suggested its amendment
hj that the chair be empowered to appoint
anew Committee.
The amendment was offered and adopted.
Messrs. Heard, Phinizy, J r., and Sibiey were
appointed in accordance therewith.
Mr. DcGraffenried desired to say to the Con
vention that the citizens of Milledgeville were
anxious that the road should be speedily fin
ished. To that end they were willing to lend
any assistance iu their power. He spoke,
moreover, of the advantages offered by Mil
ledgevilie as a place .where the Company’s
machine shops could be erected. Said, wood
was very plenty and cheap there, and that the
water power was sufficient for any purposes
whatever. He was confident that the sites for
such buildings would be cheerfully given to the
Company.
The President assured the speaker that, at
the proper time, due attention would be ac
corded the proposition he made on the part of
his constituency.
There being no further business before it, the
Convention adjourned.
(Sen. J. B. Gordon.
A call from this distinguished Georgian, who
has so signally illustrated the prowess of our
people, affords a striking illustration of the
spirit with which leaders and soldiers “accept
the situation,” by actively engaging in civil
pursuits. The General is now residing at
Brunswick, Georgia—is fully impressed with
its rising importance, and is working energet
ically to promote the growth of the city of his
adoption. Ha avers that the people of Georgia
are less alive to its importance as a seaport and
point for building ships, than people abroad;
aud that it will take but a few years to make
it the lumber market on the Atlantic coast,
from the Capes ot Florida to Heart’s Content.
The General is also Vice President of an “Ac
cidental Life Insurance Company,” He states
that this enterprise is purely Southern and
Georgian, and that while he has nothing to say
against his friend Longstreet, he sees no reason
why, having shared the extraordinary accidents
of the field with him, lie should not enter
vigorously into a competition in estimating
and providing against the ordinary accidents
ot life.
Peat at ibe Fair.
By no means the least interesting of the
numerous attractive objects at the Ladies'
Fair, now iu session at Masonic Hall, is an orig
inal and native specimen of the above name.
It is not Peter Fnnk, Pete the barber, nor Pet
roleum, though possessing enough of the in
flammable characteristics of the latter to be a
near relative. Our Peat is of dark brown col
or, and of very ancient lineage, being a legiti
mate scion of the bogs ot Erin, and of a stock
which constitutes the very substratum of that
historic isle. To be more definite, it is a com
| position of the branches, twigs, leaves and
roots of trees, with grass, straw, plants and
. weeds, which, having lain long in water, is
i ioirned into a mass soft enough to be cut
I through with a spade, and when makes
; a very excellent fuel. Horses' heads, the bones
of various kinds of deer, the horns of the ante
lope, the beads and tusks of wild hogs, the
heads of beavers, are found incorporated iu it.
Di:~Uiniug these perishable substances we find
it, iu other formations, made up of clay mixed
with calcareous earth, pyrites, and a little
common salt. Both qualities are so valuable
..s to render the sp cimen to which we refer—
which belongs to the first species—an object ot
i interest.
——
; The question of selling the Court House
square iu Americas. Sumter county, was de
* cided in the negative at the election on Mon
i day.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESD AYjMORNING, MAY 16, 1860.
The S«ws of the Day.
| The Stockholders of the Wills Valley Rail
\ road will meet at Trenton, Ga., on ths 6th to
i elect a President and Board of Directors.
Forty half acre town lots were sold in Chat
tanooga on the sth. That city is rapidly march
ing forward.
W. T. Coggeshali, Gov. Cox’s private secre
tary, has been confirmed Minister to Ecquador,
and will leave for South America at once.
The imperial Austrian troops in Mexico are
dissatisfied on account of their small pay.
Forced loans are driving the merchants away.
It is thought that either Senator Sherman or
Senator Pomeroy will be elected President pro
tem. of the Senate before its present adjouru?
ment.
D. W. VOorhees publishes a card - in the
Terre Haute (lad.) papers positively declining
a reDOtninaticu to Congress. He consents,
however, to canvass the district for the nomi
nee of democracy.
GeagfpifeSt.Btadr, know engaged,
ering a series of speeches throughout the
State of Missouri on the political issues of the
day, under the auspices of the State Central
Committee of the conservative Union party.
Intelligence from Texas states that the regu
lar troops recently arrived in Texas under
Heintzleman, are acting very badly.
George C Baum, a prominent Philadelphia
war correspondent, died in that-city, of tho
heart disease, contracted from exposure in the
service.
Gov. Pierpout, of Virginia, says he can see
nothing in the character of Stonewall Jackson
to admire. Until Gov. Pierpont procures a
character of his own, he oughtn’t to speak
lightly of other people’s.
A convention of Superintendents of lunatic
asylums way heid the other day in Washington.
The vital question of distributing the Radical
majority in Congress among the various asy
lums ’of the country was somehow or other
overlooked. «
In the House the resolution congratulating
the Emperor of Russia on his recent escape
from assassination, was passed by a unanimous
vote.
The spotted fever is prevailing in Hardins
burg, Breckinridge county, Ky., and six deaths
have occurred from it.
The Troy firemen are getting icsthetic. One
of their engine houses has been furnished with
a fine piano.
“The Christian Repository and Family Visi
tor,” is the titlo of „ new magazine just pub
lished in Memphis.
Governor Patton has issued a proclamation
co-operating with tho President in appointing
Thursday, May 17, as a day of fasting, hu
miliation and prayer; in view of the probable
approach of the Asiatic cholera.
' There was a iaige fire in St. Louis a day or
two since. The stable and car house of the
Fifth street raiiruad were destroyed, with 150
head of mules and horses and sixteen cars.
The total loss will exceed $50,000,
A New Orleans dispatch of the 4th inst. says;
The safe of the Southern Express Company,
which was stolen with seventy-five thousand
dollars recently, has been found near Browns
ville. There are'fifteen thousand dollars be
longing to the Express Company in it. Cloth
ing and an ax were found near it. The clerk
of the company is in jail.
The cost of living in San Francisco has di
minished one half during the past year.
Is is said that Mr. Sumner is opposed to the
report of the Reconstruction Committee, j and
will propose a plan of his own, based on negro
suffrage.
A Virginia justice was recently brought before
the Mayor of Richmond for abusing a negroi
fined twenty dollars and costs, aud bound over
in five hundred dollars to keep the peace.
The schooner Clara Coward, Captain George
White, of Tyaskin, Somerset county, encoun
tered a" whale off Barren Island, in the Chesa
peake Bay, on Monday.
A premium of £ls J to £3OO ha3 been offered
to any German mariner who, within the year,
will explore the current of the sea between
Spitzembergen and Nova Zambia.
A brilliant genius is writing for the Koscius -
ko Stara nOvletto entitled “The Georgia Gal ;
or Who Stole my Goobers ?”
The organ of the Fenians in San Francisco is
printed entirely in green ink.
Charles W, Schnapps, the 1 young man who
shot himself in Indianapolis, died on the 4th,
having lived five days .with a builet in his
brain.
Wm. B Shoemaker, sheriff of Gentry county,
Misissippni, committed suicide recently, be
cause be could not get his tax accouuts to
come out square.
Two passengers were murdered near Shoals,
Indiana, on the night of the stb, Two brake
men on the train are supposed to be the mur
derers .
It appears (hat the person who atttempted
to assassinate the Czar of Russia on the 16th
escaped.
Many of the farmers in Franklin county
Ind., are plow'/ig up their wheat fields and
sowing oats and flax in them.
Capt. Thomas Joyes, of Louisville, died on
the 4th, in the 78th year of his age. He was
the first white male infant born in that city.
Mr. Jefferson Stevens, 55 years old, was in
stantly killed by a circular saw, in Maysville,
Ky., last week.
There were two hundred and nineteen deaths
in Louisville, during the month of April.
Os the forty-six Republican papers in Cali
fornia, 24 are with Congress and 22 with the
President on the issne.
The publication of the New Orleans Com
mercial, a paper devoted to the commercial and
mechanical interests of the South and West,
was commenced la3t Sabbath«by an association
of practical printers.
The Fort Smith Herald says the Arkansas
river his risen monthly for the last sixteen
months.
One hundred emigrants, of all classes and
ages, from North Carolina, passed Fortress
Monroe on the sth, going Westward.
Red river cotton planters say ths.t the cotton
seed is universally rotted. Great devastation
is feared from the overflow. Red river is higher
than ever was known before.
Newspapers say that Cholera is o n the Rhine,
in Spain and France, but in neit aer country
does it prevail to an alarming exte at.
The statistics of the railroad companies
show that no less than 1,049,000 bushels of
corn were sent from Bloomington, Hi., last,
year.
The skeleton of a monster animal was dis
covered in a mine about seven milesirom Du
buque. lowa, on the 27th ultimo.
Gov. P.erpoint has appointed Hon. Alex.
Rives Judge of the Supreme Court of Appeals
to fill the vacancy caused oy the death of Judge
Thompson.
The first train with p >3= angers direct for Sa.
vannah left Macon Sacurd iv morning.
The cars connect with es at No. 14.
aud passengers reach aav- UttSdr at 6:35 next
morning.
Souiii America,
.
ITS SOIL, CLIMATE, A>» RESOURCES,
difficulties in Transportation.
SOCIAL AKD POLITICAL ASPECTS, &C.
At the instance of the Southern Colonization
Society, Robert Meriwether and H. A.
Shaw of Edgefield District S. C., have recently
made a tour through a portion of Brazil for the
purpose otderiving reliable information in ref
erence to its adaptation to Southerners who de
sire to emigrate. Their report is published
in the last Edgefield Advertiser, and is very
lengthy, filling four columus of that paper
‘The following extracts embrace the material
points of the report. It will be seen that the
portions of country deemed most desirable to
Southern settlers, are at present so deficient in
good roads as to make it quits difficult to
reach them, and to deprive setters of any con
i' ..uL f outlet to market, iime and enter
ghoma be dluy considered by those"who con-*"
template emigration.
We left Augusta, Georgia, about the 18th of
October, 1885, on the E. R. via Washington
Off) , where we procured passpotts, aud pro
ceed-:! to New York. Securing passage on
the North America, one of the Brazil and
United States line of Steamers to Rio DeJanei
ro, we left Ncv York on the 30th of October
and arrived at Rio on the 2Gth of November.
At Ric we met several gentlemen from the
South, who had been in Brazil several months,
on the wme mission that carried us thither.
Amongst them we formed the acquaintance of
Dr. Gaston, of Columbia, S. 0., wlio had made
rather an extensive tour in the interior of the
provino of St. Paulo. He introduced us to
his Excellency, Paulo Susa, Minister of Agri
culture, to whom we explained the objects of
our visit, and presented our credentials. The
Minister offered us every facility desired in the
prosecution of our investigations, furnishing
transportation, a guide, an interpreter, and in
most cases, food and lodging.
On our voyage out, we stopped at Pernam
buco, where we satisfied ourselves that the
climate would not suit the people of our State.
Everlasting heat must enervate the system and
break the constitution of man. In this pro
vince, however, is grown the best quality of
upland cotton. Extracts from an English
paper now at hand, quote Pernambuco cotton
at from 1 to l£d higher than aDy other in the
great cotton mart of the world. Sugar and
tobacco are also gro+n here in great perfec
tion. Wo stopped also at Bahia, two or three
hundred miits south of Pernambuco, where
also cotton, sugar, tobacco and all the Tropical
fruits are grown iu great perfection. Still the
climate, as in Pernambuco, is Equatorial, and
liable to the same objections
After full and comuiete Inquiry and investi
gation. the Province of St. Paulo, lying be
tween 22 aud 26 degrees South Latitude, ap
peared to us, the most suitable for our'people,
on account of health, climate aud productions,
being by its whole length and breadth, just
within the frost lias, except its higher table
lands, which aie free from frost the year
round. With tho purpose us exploring this
Province tnoroughly, we left Rio aud went
by steamer to tiautos, its seaport town.
The country, lying between the mountains
and seacoast, bad no large bodies of farming
lands, aud we directed our attention to the
interior, beyond the mountains which, bound
the coast. Therefore, we took the cars over
the St. Paulo and Santos Railroad. This rail
road is not yet campleied, but the cars pass
over it to about twenty mileH beyond the city
of St. Paulo, the capital of the province of the
same name, and it is graded to Juudiee, forty
miles from the capital. ■ Its whole completed
length is eighty or ninety miles, connecting
the interior <SI the province With the sea
board, at Santos. This port, we omitted to
mention, has a very capacious harbor, an out
let for ships of thu largt-sc class, and by the
first of June, it is thought, its railroad will be
finished, A survey has been made to con
tinue it about one hundred miles farther to
Rio Ciara.
At St Paulo we were provided with ani
mals to prosecute our journey over a country
almost without roads, for the entire transpor
tation iu the interior is done on packs, except
that now and then a tutlock carts is seen
hauling at short, distances, over roads which
our wagonj certainly could not pass. These
carts are ot the most primitive character, the
wheels and axles are fastened together, and all
turn together in moving.
We commenced our tour on the 18th of De
cember. 1865, going to Itapetaningna, the
nearest pass over the mountains to our destina
tion, but on arriving there, learned the utter
impracticability of crossing, it was therefore
plain, that we either had to abandon this part
of the trip or the other, and here w 6 agreed
with Dr. Gastou, that he should go over the
mountains and examine the lands in that di
rection, whilst we turned in the other. His
report is appended to this.
We turned our course in the direction of
Bolucstu and Lencoes. Here we found the
lands were owned by private parties. From
St. Paulo to this place, by the direct route, is
abort one hundred and City miles. The pres
ent tenniuus of the railro id is fifteen or twenty
milts nearer. The road, if road it may be
called, leading to it, passes over a tract of
country, except for some twenty or forty miles,
called here “cainpi>,’ ; without trees or other
grqwth upon it. than grass and a few small
biieaes, The people here contend that if
ploughed, they would produce well, but no
one has tried it. As intimated above, there
are some superior tanning lands on this route,
and we saw cotton that would make one thou
sand pounds per acre, or more, and corn that
would yield twenty five or more bushels per
acre, all cultivated with the hoe. We saw
cotton in all stages of growth ; some just
planted, and some up five or six inches—some
in full bloom, and some planted the year pre
vious, with bolls open. We also saw cotton
gins iat work, driven by steam, by water and
by hand. All the cotton here is of good quali
ty.
Bit in the midst of this extensive campo or
piait, or if yon please—barren waste, suddenly
rioesup a mountain or succession of mountains,
about fifty or sixty mites long, by ten or
twelve miles wide, evidently ot a peculiar vol
canic formation. As this mountain district
was the most interesting visited, we examined
it with the greatest care, and satisfied ourselves
that it contained the richest lands we had ever
seen. This immense and inconceivably fertile
tract is owned, and, to some extent, cultivated
by small farmers. Ask a man “now much land
do you ovn ?” and his usual reply is "I do not
kuow exactly, but it is four, six, or ten miles
long, and from four to six miles broad. ’ Ihe
lands of Brazil, except in rare instances, have
not been surveyed, and no one with whom we
have conversed ou this subject, knows how
much lind he owns. All guess. _ We saw
| corn growing on these lands, which would
yield more than fifty bushels per acre. Ihe
timber is cut dowr, allowed to lie and dry for
two moults, commonly, and then set on fire.
Al* the timber not consumed by the fire remains
just as the fire left it, till it rots. Then usually
with aitick, sharpened at the end--sometimes
with a hoe-a hole is made in the gtound, the
seed ft ctn five to ten grains, put into this hole
and covered with the foot, and this is all the
iuitiva ion the crops receive. Cora cotton
rice, sugar cane, tc.ua xo, and all the tropica,
fruits grow here in great profusion.
We saw peacues and grapes also of good
aua'itv The most of these lands are exempt
trom host —the health of this region is said to
be unexceptionable—the water of the purest
freestoie, and the water-power equal to any
in the world. Stock of all hogs and
cattle especially, are superior. The usual
depth of soil is supposed to be thirteen feet
fcu° it :s known to be twenty or more in some
places. It this tract of country,,£ ad conv^n
lent and eaey commnnioiiioa wua
j ot the Torld, if there might be any to cqurif
: there could certainly be none to .^P^ 5
! Its present ontlei is by me Rail
hundred and twenty five miles to iU terminus,
; and from eighty to one hundred by lt lo biQ '
Itos. Another outlet may be <?Peued for R
j across the Big Serra alluded to above. In that
! direction, it is from eighty to one hundred
miles to steamboat navigation.
! These lands cau be purchased at from one to
i two dollars per acre, and some traCU or parcels
I with considerable improvements.
j If a large number ol families from the states
should settle there, we have been assured offi
cially, that good roads will be opened up ini-,
mediately ; aud it is practicable to connect this
District by R. R- with the Sc. Paulo B. R.. or
by R. R., over the Big Sierra to the head of
navigation.
Running parallel with this mountain range
is the river Tiete, and fer about twenty miles
distant, on either side ot which, aie lands of
the best quality, producius every description
of crops, except coftee. in the greatest perfec
tion and abundance. There were some fields
of as srood, if not better cotton than we ever
saw before, and w thout doubt the best “culti
vated grass,’’ whole beds of which were from
five to seven ieet high, and ea’eu by the ani
mals with the greatest avidity. There too,
we found corn good enough for any country.
Fifty bushels per acre is a small estimatefor it.
Our intormuion is, that for more than one
hundred miles down this valley, the same
quality of land continues. It belongs to pri
vate individuals, and can be bought at from
fifty to seventy-five eta per acre. It is proper,
to mention here, that the Territory forty or
fifty miles south of the mountain range above
referred to is in the hand? of the Indians. The
lands in this valley we believe to be as good
forfiottonjfcijMiy iu Jhe.Jttnited- States, The
Wf two vsr
three thousand lbs, with but little cultivation.'
The character of the soil is what is usually cal
led with us “Mulatto,” and its depth from
eight inches to live feet. But a great objec
tion to this exceedingly fertile valley is, its
liability to chills, which are sometimes malig.
nant.
The mountains, though raising to a consil
erable height, have usuady several tong slopes
almost level in ascending them, and the lar
ger portion of them is level enough for culti
vation. This land is nearly all “teira rocch i,’’
oi the first quality. The woods are apparently
one immense cauebrake, though the caue is
much larger than that grown iu the States,
and called here “bamboo.’’ Timber is abhn
dant ; including furniture wood of the finest
grain, and that most suitable and required for
ohip-buildiug.
We have- been particular in the description
of these lands, for if a number of our people go
to Brazil, the Districts of Botucatu and Lencoes
and the adjoining lands of the Tiete river, con
stitute the sectiou we advise them to examine.
In our opinion, a splendid future awaits this
portion of the province.
We saw other good lands, but they could
not be purchased for lesß than twenty-five,
fifty and a hundred dollars par acre, since they
were planted in coffee. At Arraquarra, about
two hundred miles from St Paulo, a tract of
country—a Facieada as it is called there,. —iR
offered for sale, by Dr. Gavias, of St. Paulo,
containing from one hundred und forty to two
hundred and eighty thousand acres of land
for one hundred and twenty five thousand
dollars, on a credit of ten or fifteen years if
desired. We examined this, and suppose that
from fifteen to twenty-five thousand acres of it
are of good quality, including some coffee
lands, and would produce corn, sugar, &c., to
perfection. A iaige portion of it is campo, but
the best quality ot campo wo have seen in the
province. The other is woodland, aud wiil
produce corn and cotton, very well. The sis
teen to twenty thousand acres of good land
alluded to above is "terra roccha’’ as the Bra
zilians term it, which means land of inexpressr
ble richness and fertility. Upwards of two
hundred of very line cattle are included in this
great bargain ; and a dwelling house, some
outbuildings and one hundred acres of culti
vated land comprise the improvements on the
place. Each ot us has a map of this great
domain and will furnish it to any one who
desires it, with all the information we have in
regard to its advantages.
Lands which lie too tow for coffee, are very
little estimated by the Brazilians, and in tho
District, of Campons, within twenty or thirty
miles of the R. K., are some very floe farms, of
this description, with good improvements,
which can be purchased lor trom two to five
dollars per acre. Mach of these laudh are
“terra rocha,” and ad of them will produce
corn, sugar cane, and cotton, admirably. Two
gentlemen from the States, one trom Alabama
and the other from Louisiana, have already pur
chased and settled there.
Dr. Gastou reports that after overcoming the
difficulty of passing the mountains, and the
dangers and fatigues incident thereto, he
purshed his investigations in the direction of
iguape and Cannanea, and found largo bodies
of public lands, which although not so rich as
the “terra rocha’’ of the interior, yet produ
cing large crops of corn, sugar cane, rice,
tobacco, and, in some instances, coffee. Tha
few days he remained there, tho weather was
pleasant, and the transportation easy anil cheap,
costing less than one half of the price from the
interior. He thinks it healthy, except on the
water courses, and the price of the lauds is only
twenty-two cents per acre, on a credit of five
years without interest. Several families from
Alabama and Texas have already settled there.
We h r> pe this section may be as desirable as
the Doctor imagines, for it is immediately on
one of the routes to a seaport, from the exceed
ingly fertile Distriots described above, aud the
improvements of its territory, will assist in the
settlement of the other. The river Iguape is
navigable for steamboats as far up as Xirerica,
distant from the District we have chosen,
about one hundred miles, but unlike the Tiete,
its navigation is uninterrupted by falls aud
shoais.
We deem it our duty to state, that the price
of negroes has decreased one halt during our
stay in the Empire. It is said that the outside
sentiment is the cause At any rate all classes
agree, that the day is not distant when eman
cipation must come. We have heard of some
gangs of negroes, iucluclit'g men, women and
children, being offered by the year for fifty
dollars eacn, though the usual price is lrom
sixty to a hundred and twenty. For planta
tion hands, the hirer pays ali expenses.
The law requires the purchasers of lands to
pay six per cent, cash, one time, on their prime
cost, as a tax to the Government. With this
exception, the farmer, we believe, never pays
any tax daring life. We will also mention,
that it is thought by well informed persons,
that this small burden will soon be removed
from ail immigrants.
The health of the table lands of the Province
is represented by the native and foreigner as
very good, with the exception of the flats and
low grounds near the larger rivers, which are
subject to drills and intermittent fevers. A
few specific diseases, as Goitre and Leprosy,
are seen. Cases of the latter appear but sel
dom, though a considerable number of the
former are observed among the poorer classes.
It is tbotght generally to bo produced by poor
diet, damp houses, &c . The temperature also
throughout the table lands, notwithstanding
we were there during the summer months,
varies from 56 to 8b deg. in the shade. During
winter, it varies generally, we understand,
from 40 to 65 deg., though sometimes it comes
down to the freezing point, producing ice.
In Santos, the seaport of this Province, about
forty-five miles from the table lands, and about
three thousand feet lower, the mercury varied
during the years 1803 and ’64, from 67.1 to
83 2 viz : January 83 3, February 82, March
79, April 77.3, May 69 8, Jane 69, July 67,1,
August 67.5, September 70 3, October 71.6,
November 74.6, December 78.2.
the principle objections to the country are,
the language, Portugese, the mixed c.ass of its
population, and the want of proper facilities
tor education and transportation, though it ap
pears from all the fuct3 we could gather, that,
there is a steady impiovement iu the two lat
ter objections. , , ,
The cost of clearing forest lands according
to the custom of the country, is from $1.50 to
$2 00 per acre. Horses, domesticated, can be
bought for from S2O to S4O ; unbroken, from
sls to S3O ; mares, from $5 to $lO ; Jacks,
from SSO to SIOO ; pack mules, from $25 to
S3O • riding mules, from S4O to SBO ; unbiokeD
in lots,from sl2 to sls ; fat hogs Weighing
two hundred pounds each, from $5 to $8 ;
breeders and pigs, in proportion ; sheep, from
$1.50 to $3.00, inferior and scarce ; goats, Item
$1 to $2 ; milk cows, in lots, from $8 to SlO ;
single sl2 to sls ; oxen, !at, from sl2 to S2O;
work oxsn, from S3O to S4O : corn usually
from 50 to 75 cents, though during this sum
mer, there has been a great scarcity, caused by
a drouth, during last season, said to be the
first for nearly twenty years. We paid from
75 cents to $3 per bushel; rice fom $2 to $3;
coffee, from 7 to 10 cent3 per pound ; leather,
from $3 to $5 per side ; sugar, from 6 to 8
j cents ; rum, from 25 to 30 cents per gallon;
| banannas. limes and lemons trom to £ cent
each ; oranges from to 1 ceut each, and pine
i apples abundant, and in season from 1 to 2
1 cents each.
NEW .SERIES, VOL. XXY NO. 21.
In the larger towns most of these products,
particularly fruit, are much higher.
The religion of the State is Catholic, though
all oth.rs are tolerated, stiil no Prostestant i 8
allowed to build a steeple or placa a Cross on
his Church. Should ever the people be dis
posed to immigrate to Brazil, it is of the ut
most importance th.tt there should ne a con’
cert ot action am mg them. If they contem
plate going in auy considerable numbers, pre
liminary arrangements should be made for
shelter and subsistence, and all of them should
settle within a reasonable distance of one an
other. A few families, or a fevr dozen famil
ies can find ample subsistence and shelte r in
mo6t of the settlements visited by us, but if more
than these propose to settle far in the interior,
at the same time, we would advise them, in or
der to avoid disappointment and distress, to
make ample preparation before doing so.
Notwithstanding we utter these words of cau -
tion, the citizens assure us that they will have
plenty to subsist a very large cumber of im
migrant?. and in some cases have offered, with
that generosity peculiar to'the first class offßra
ziliaus; to divide half their subsistence with us,
without compensation. This offer includes corn,
sugar, lice &c. Flour canuot be had in the
interior, as there is no (wheat grown in St.
undetatand,' that at one
time wheat was one of the principal articles of
export from this Province. We believe from
the character of tho best lands, that it could
be grown with perfect success.
The government allows all immigrants to
introduce, for their own use. free of duty, all
articles of prime necessity, such as tools of all
kinds, wagons, gear, machinery, furniture,
Tnis should not be forgotten by the emigrant,
for in the interior, you will fiad omly the hoe,
axe, bill-hook and bullock cart, and they,
except the hoe, of the rudest manufacture.—
Ploughs cau be had only in the latger towns,
and none have been seen by us that are suita
ble for the ordinary cultivation of the products
of the country.
Seed ot every variety, especially for the gar
den, should be carried in bottles, securely
corked. Clothing, shoes, hats, dry goods, A; ~
can be bought cheaper in Brazil than in the
United States. • Heavy shoes for plantation use,
however, are scarce in this market. They
should be . taken from the States, and also
piough-gear of alt descriptions, as well as
cooking utensils. Perhaps it would be advisa
ble lor each family to provide themselves with
a suitable cooking-stove, as they will find no
chimneys in the interior, brick scarce and ex
pensive, and stone not very abundant in the
vicinity of the best lands.
Transportation from New York to Rio De Ja
neiro by the mail steamer has been reduced to
S2OO iu gold, second class SIOO, children at
the breast without cost; from twelve to four
teen, half price; under twelve, one-third. All
emigrants to Brazil are allowed a discount on
this line of 30 per cent.; the first class paying
$l4O, aud the,second class S7O. But we can
not tell if a similar deduction is allowed the
children.
The steamers on this line make the trip in
twenty six days, having to touch at several
places in the discharge of their duties. Passage
can be had on a good sail vessel at most of the
ports of the United States at from $75 to $l6O
for the first class, and for the second class at
much iess, perhaps ono half, the time being
from forty to sixty days. From Rio to Santos,
the pt foeipal seaport of St. Paulo, it would cost
about S2O, though we see that the Government
has generously assumed that burthen itself, and
from thence to the interior, you can pass ever
a railroad for about ninety miles.
The vast domain of Brazil contains the most
fertile soil in tho universe, and more cheap
lands to allure the emigrant than any other
nation under the sun. For the supply of the
millions that will soon be flocking to her
shores, she abounds in the precious rnetalsand
costly gems, and in the mo3tvaluable products
known to commerce. “Tee cattle upon a
thousand hiils” are hers, and may be yours,
aud such cattle as man never beheld in any
other clime. The earth yields almost sponta
neously the grain, fruit and vegetables that
most delight the palate and satisfy the wants of
men. To gratify the sportsman, the woods are
full of game, of deor, of wild hogs, and par
tridges and quails, and of the most delicate
birds of every hue and of every description,
whilst her innumerable river and water courses
teem with fish of the greatest variety and
finest flavor.
Her water power is sufficient to drive all the
machinery in the world, and her natural and
material resources are equal to the support of
the population of China.
Below Rio, the seasons are piecisely opposed
to ours, their spring or planting season, be
ginning with the beginning of our Fall, and
their summer beginning with our first, and
ending with our last winter month. But that
nothing may be wanting for the encourage
ment of the agriculturist, iu this happy region,
unlike most of the other portions of the habita
ble Globe, the summer is its wet, and the win
ter is its dry season, and its good lauds never
wash away.
We traversed one Province for over a thou
sand miles, taking six months from our de
parture hence, to make our explorations, and
during the whole oi that period, wo discover
ed no ravenous beasts worth naming and only
three or lour serpents of diminutive size, and
no more to be feared than those seen every day
in your fields and forests. Tbe insects that
prey upon the crops, including the red aut, are
not so destructive as those which infest our
lichest lands, and there is no rust or sufficient
frost to check or obstruct the growth ot their
beautitul cotton. Moreover, since the memo
ry of man, there has been no earthquake there,
no Bubterraean lire, no volcanic eruptions to
appal the hearts or to disturb the serenity of
its inhabitants, and its man and women live to
a riper old age than even in this once favored
country.
Though there are a few legal .and religious
or canonical impediments to the foreigner or
emigrant, such as that he may not reach one
or two of the highest offices in the State, and
may not, if a Protestant, erect.a Cross upon
his Church, yet the whole spirit of Brazil is
opposed to such hindrances, and a mighty and
united effort >s now being made, with the most
certain prospects of success, to place the nat
uralized ciiizen and the native'Brazilian on
an exact equality, in all rights, in all privi
leges, and m all honors that the Government
can bestow.
The constitution of the Empire is modelled
after the British, abating some of the most ob
jectionable features, such a3 the rights of
primogeniture, and a hereditary nobility, and
tbe working of the Government is harmonious
steady, just and powerful. The Emperor is a
wise and magnanimous Uuler,{sprungffrom an
intellectual add illustrious race, and ready at
all times to condescend to any man or thing,
compatible with the dignity of his crown, for
the advancement of the interests and the
glory of his country, The foreigner on en
tering his dominions finds no prejudices to
combat, no antipathies to avoid, but a liberal
Minister reaay to welcome, and a population
to greet him. and a Sovereign to offer him the
powerful protection of his government.
A large society for the promotion of
emigration has been organized, and some of
the ablest and most honored personages in the
country appointed its directors. Its special
objects are to aid and take care of the foreign
er on his landing, to protect him from want
as well as from the frauds Os the designing,
and to vindicate his rights ana privileges before
the Government nDd tire councils of the nation.
The Government has also established a Hotel
lor the shelter and accommodation of the same
clas3 of individuals. Corps of engineers and
surveyors have been appointed to open roads
and survey ianls, and thAre is a spontaneous
movement of the whole Empire to open wide
its arms for the men of enterprise and labor of
ail nations who have a mind to seek the grand
est theatre for the exercise of their energies
and the display of their genius ever presented
on the face of tbe green earth.
Your obedient servants,
* Robt. MfcJUWETHER,
H. A. Buaw.
Inaugural c k Gov. Hawllv, ci Connecticut.
—Governor Hawley and the State officers were
installed in their offices on the 2d. His mes
sage suggests that the recent constitutional
amendment requires the State to , reß *° r f e „ t ®
right of suffrage to persons of color dieiria.n
chised since 1«18. He claims ‘bat the nation
should demand the acknowledgement that the
war had destroyed the doctrine
; and should secure immunity trom any texatio^
! lor the payment of rebel debts, .. ? er!!oUg 0 f
i full protection everywhere for p
| whatever race or color.
- Foreign kftUnate of Southern Failh.
While we are mi-judged by those vs ho control
the legislation of cur own country, it is grati
fying that our past motives and our present
good faith are appreciated by intelligent Euro
pean observers. The following article, from
the London Times, conveys in a nut-shell a
true and philosophical review of the temper
of the Southern people, and the true policy so
the promotion of reconciliation:
The utmost that can reasonably be expected
trom the people situated like the Virginians, is
such political conformity as Gen. Lee declared
to exist. It is barely twelve months since
these mon were engaged in one of the most
desperate wars of inadern times—a war fought
out to ■ the bitter end,” with every circum
stance of passion and fury. To expect that
they should now look with positive affection
■ on their conquerors, condemu their most emi
nent country men as traitors, and repudiate as
abominable the principles for which th?y sacri
ficed their fortunes and staked their lives is
beyond all reason.
It is enough if they know themselves beateD,
if they accept ihe results without teserve, it
..theyjbgrisfe nqjdea of deferred rebellion. and
if th?y are prepared to return to their Wfonw
position with a resolution to perform all their
duties as citizens, aud with a readiness to re
ceive the wanner impressions which time and
intercourse may bring. These ace actually
the feelings with which Gen. Lee describes
them as now animated. More, it must he evi
dent, could not be expected, but il more is
desired it is manifest that the result can only
te secured by that very policy which the Pre
sident has avowed, and which the Radicals are
so trantically opposing. If something is still
to be done—as nobody need deny—before a
Virginian can look upon the Union as lie looked
ten years ago, it can only be accomplished, as
Gen. Lee affirmed, by liberal and conciliatory
conduct on the part of the Government. If
passive acquiescence is lo b>* converted into
cordial sympathy, it must be by kind and
generous treatment. The policy of the Radi
cals is stultiliel by their own professions,—
The? pretend to desire a mote sympathizing
South than they have already got, aud then,
to improve Southern feeling, they propose to
inflict political disgrace ana humiliation on
the Southern people. They pronounce them
to be still disaffected, or not sufficiently well
affected, and, by way of conciliating them,
would condemn them to alienation and out
lawry. Such a policy stands self-convicted,
for its only result must bo to make bad worse.
It is not probable that a Virginian looks
upon the Government of the Union exactly
like a New Englander; no reasonable person
would expect that ho should do so. Lis
enough for the purposes of prudent reconstruc
tion it the States lately in secession have aban
doned all ideas oi independence, and are pre
pared to make the best of their-position as
members ot the Union once mere. The rest
must necessarily be a work of time, but it will
be accomplished most speedily, as well as most
surely, through such a policy as the President
now advocaleo He does not desire to swamp
the south with a swarm of black voters, nor to
place the negro in a position of invidious and
perilous antagonism toward the white man.
He asks only for simple professions of political
honesty. He stipulates that the Southern
States shall forego their views of seces
sion, acknowledge and conffrm the aboli
tion of Slavery now and forever, deal fairly
with tho enfranchised slaves and repudiate the
debt contracted for the purpose of tho rebel
lion. To these conditions they were willing
to assent, and the President would open the
doors of Congress to them and so restore the
Union. What his opponents desire, or profess
to desire, we may collect from the examination
to which Gen. Lee was subjected. They de
mand impossibilities; for it is simply absurd to
require that the South should, humbly and
thankfully kiss the rod after the’ fashion they
•prescribe. The policy of the President on the
other hand, is a policy not only of moderation,
but cf promise. It bids fair to bring back the
South to those sentiments of perfect concord
which the radicals pretend to demaud. It is
Gen. Lee’s opinion that such a policy, aided
by the indispensable co operation of time, will
really produce this effect, hut it needs no argu
ment tu show that a policy of provocation and
oppression continued after victory must inten
sify and perpetuate that very hostility which it
is intended to extinguish.
Visit to Santa anna— A Sandusky Boy Break
fast With Him.
The Sandusky (Ohio) Register publishes an
interesting letter from a Sandusky boy, a gradu
ate of the United States Naval Academy, and
now a midshipman in the navy, whoso vessel
the Swatara, recently touched at St. Thomas.—
We copy the following :
On the 11th, five ot us midshipmen went up
by Santa Anna’s residence, hoping to get ' a
sight of the noted General. As good luck
would have it, one of the sudden rain-storms
peculiar to the tropics came up just as we were
opposite his house, and observing our condition
an American, who appears to be the General's
Major Dorno, came out and invited us to v enter,
a proposition which we gladly accepted. We
were shown into a kind sf parlor, most beauti
fully furnished with Brussels carpets, six large
sized mirrors, splendid furniture, in the way of
chairs, tables, sofas, &c., and marble statuary in
abundance. While we were looking at every
thing with true Yankee inquisitiveness, the Gens
eral sent in his Major Domo to invite two of us
to take breakfast with him, but as there were
five off us the Major decided that we should
draw lots for the honor. He accordingly pro
duced two handkerchiefs, and tying a knot in
the corner of one, placed all four corners of one
and one corner of the other together and invited
us to draw, after the manner of drawing straws.
I was unlucky enough not to draw either the
knot or the single handkerchief, and therefore
couldn’t go in, but I didn’t regret it, as he short
ly after requested the remainder of us to wait
and take cofTee with him, which proposition we
were nothing loth ta accept, as we cannot drink
coffee with Santa Anna every day. As soon as
breakfast was over (it ought to have been called
dinner, for it was twelve o’clock M., and they
had everything that we would have at that meal
though cooked in Mexican style), we went in,
and, after being separately introduced to the
General, took our seats at the table. We at
tempted a conversation with him, but found he
could speak nothing but Spanish, There were
several at the table besides ourselves, viz: An
American, a Dane, a Mexican or two, and a
Carthagenian. There was also a Spaniard from
Peru, Senor Lozano, a dark-looking man, who is
a poet. He was the only celebrity besides the
General and ourselves (!). The coffee was
served up in the finest Severes china, on a silver
salver, the largest that I ever saw. After coffee
came wine and cigars, The American acted as
interpreter, and we managed to get aiong very
well.
The General looks like a very fine old man;
is 68 years old, with hair of a dark brown, and
appears to be in perfect health. He does not
wear spectacles, and seems likely to retain his
sight for many years yet. After cigars we
made a graceful adieu, which was rendered
by the interpreter as only an expression of that
sort can be rendered, in the most flowing of
Spanish sentences. It made me stare to hear
our short speech translated into words as long as
the moral law, arid as only a Spanish-born could
express it, for the poet acted as our inrerpreter,
and he did get it off well, too. I wanted to pat
him on the back. It pleased the General amaz
ingly, too, and be returned it in true Hidalgo
style, saying that everything he possessed was
ours, and we could make ourselves at home,
&c. I forgot to mention that he proposed a
toast to us during the meal, viz : that we might
all become Admirals. After everything was said
arid done, and we could find no excuse for stay
ing any longer, we look our departure, well
pleased with our day’s adventures. In fact, 1
think I never passed a more singularly agreeable
day in my life.
The election in Elbert countv resulted in the
choice of James Lofton, Erq., Judge, and M.
A. McKnight as Solicitor.
Corn is selling in Elbert at $2 00 per bushel;
hotter 25c. and eggs 20.
Tbe ladies of Atlanta met on Tuesday to or.
ganize a permaueut society, tbe object being
the care of the graves of our dead.