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Cjjronirlf k Initmii
AUGUBTaTg V.
WKUHKHOAV MOHMVtJ?JIWB 6.
The Fenian-. In Canada.
In our issue of yesterday we announced,
upon the authority of our telegraphic dispatch
es, that a warlike force had crossed from our
border and taken possession of an armed for
tress in Canada—Fort Erie, The movement is
one whic|j may be productive of Important
results to the civlli»td*>world. This depends
mainly upon the comploteuaaa and resources of
the organization which has inaugurated the
movement.
If the Fenian Brotherhood have one half the
men and wUeriei at their command which they
have claimed, the invasion of Canada is one of
those apparently hair-brained attempts which
not only shocks the common sense of nations
by their seeming puerility, but at the same
time secures td the movement an element of
success in its apparent weakness. If the Gov
ernment of Great Britain shall fail to take a
correct view of the force which thus threatens
the overthrow of ite power In Canada, the com*
.sequences may be of the moßt serious chartc
acter. If it should be overestimated, and
thereby induces a withdrawal of too large a
portion of her army from tbe United Kingdom,
it will afford an opportunity to the people of
Ireland for the emancipation of their country
from British rule, which has never before been
presented to that oppressed people. On the
other hand, if it should be regarded as a mere
repetition of the Oampo Bello farce—which
will fall to pieces from its own inherent weak
ness—the loss of Canada may be regarded as
almost certain.
If the recent conflicts between ihe two
branches of the Brotherhood in this country
have been reconciled, and harmony Is restored
between the Hweeney-Roberta party and the
O’Mahonoys, we may expect to hear, in a few
days, of large reinforcements being sent to tho
scene of action.
This is, doubtless, Intended as a flank move
ment upon Ireland. In that view, it becomes
an Important one, and shows that the minds
which control the operations of The Fenians
are of that character which will give weight
and power to the enterprise.
But there is another vie w of this matter
which clothes It with a mag nitude and Import
ance which demands our serious consideration.
The Government of the United States has per
mitted ahcstlle army to be recruited, organ
ized and eq i p()e( i w ’ lt hin its borders to make
war upon a IJ opjiy power. This army has
actually moved our B h o rea upon the bor
ders of a ueighbu n g government, taking
We are under treaty ac * £>
Britain, and are bound byX tionß to Great
to prevent such demonstration£ WB nat ' ona
done it. England has the right'lfv llll ve uot
demand, not only the amplest
broach ol faith, but indemnity for the loSL^ 1 ' 8
may sustain and the expenses incurred on*i! 9
oount of this invasion. Will our government
be able, without a breach of national honor, to
Hitisfy England’s demand ?
Tho Government of Great Britain, if consis
tent In nothing else, has most clearly never
wavered in IU prejudices against the Govern
ment of (he United States .
During the recent civil war, while it pro
fessed some degroe cf sympathy and good fuel
ing toward tho South, it was quite apparent
that such maultcßtatlons wore mude, not because
-fa sincere desire for our sujeess, but prompt
ed by tb 0 old hatred to the Union. She honed
*' i ‘ wni would exhaust oar power
■Out! and ultimately destroy
i "■ ,fM “fit.- dr. Sewards 1 our has at
i*- * emi’c he oppoitsmlty to retort pen the
«*’'nfniU ft,* < -
i‘ vmuiern LonieaoriMjf-iPu now
them raFTto ’io the rights of terilgerem
lora thef. the point at which this O madal
v.ii.i w , H .in importance which challenges
tl ti ti of O T ’VJMUrtt ckthlrtMirjrtf]
h<- thim.iei.ing +peet of affairs in Europe. ,
.. m 1.--. , ■ we a tendeuoy to soften
ire of the British Lion. He may only growl
aud show his teeth ; but if so, wo ahull know
what cause to assign for his amiable forbear
ance. Wo do not believe that war is likely to
be produced by tiffs Fenian embroglio. Tho
interests of both governments demand peace,
und national honor la such an elastic, pliable
thing, that when circumstances render it neces
sary ft easily »,[justs itself to the requirements
of interest. Our own government is not yet
sufficiently recuporated from the enormous
drain made upon its material interests by the
late civil war to justify It in plunging the
country into a foreign war upon a mere point
of honor.
Affairs iu Austria aud Italy, and the remark
able utterances of Louis Napoleon at Auxere,
must compel British Ministers to move very
cautiously In their conduct towards tbe United
States.
LETTER FRO.B ttOITtIOIIERY.
A-nlxbt In Atlanta
-MMufMturißß at West Point—Wliicnln* ot the R,
K. U»»*o--K»tiroad Wonvcution-Tiirounti Connection with
cuTAnntth—Crops, Ac.
n „ Montgomery, May 30.
Dear Chronicli I left your city by the
Georgia Kill road, ni K ht traiu; arriving and
spending nest day in Atlanta. I found At
lanta exceedingly dull, but mine host
at the “Planters" made me exceed
ingly comfortable. “O’Halloran’’ is well
known to many of your readers. But 1 can
not lorbear commending him as a host, well
skilled in providing creature comforts. It is
astonishing to see what has been done in ‘'re
construct ion" by the enterprise of the Atlan
ta people since the war closed. To mo it is
matvellous. The last time I was here, was
at the time that “those sissing shells” of
Shermau's were deciding the indecisive friends
of Bill Arp. For I, like Arp’s friend “Big
John, " belouged to the staff of Joe. Brown
in memory of which I always carry a Staff to
assist my peregrinations. I saw George Hull
the efficient and gentlemauly Superintendent
of the Atlanta and West Point Road. He is as
ever—but I learn has received some tempting
offers from New York railroads. May his
shadow never grow less—and good fortune at
tend him wherever he may be; but I hope he
will not leave Georgia. The Atlanta and
West Point Road is as of yore. I saw noth
ing a.ong the road worthy of*notice. Crops—
ah, well! If these were old times I should say
miserable. Everybody talks about cotton
cotton growing—cotton manufacturing. Ben.
Hill and others are quoted all the time—about
the profits of manufacturing. West Point is
all alive with the manufacturing spirit. Fac
tories going up. Saw Mills, Rock Blastings
and Water Power the chief topics. My ride
to Montgomery was far pleasanter than I could
have expected. I saw lor the first time that
the gauge of the Montgomery and West Point
Road is being widened. So we may expect
that passengers will soon go from Augusta to
Montgomery—from the Alabama to the Sa
vannah rivers, without change of cars. Mont
gomery looks well —people are active and
hopelul, bnt the merchants complain greatly
'of want of trade.
The chief topio here is a Railroad Conven
tion which meets on the sth inst , and has lor
its object the speedy completion of the Mont
gomery and Eufaula Road to Uaion Springs'
when it will intersect the Mobile and Girard
Road. Oae of the most respeotable and in
f aential merchants said to-day in my hearing
he day far distant w(£n "cotton
through irum Montgomery tAßavan*
nafj»QuickerTlnje and witlien* cbJ%e V cars
—thli it could seach Augusta—and that he
would rccelvrFell his goods from New York
without transhipment by that route. Indeed
h« intimated pretty strongly that the whole
route—Union Springs Road, Muscogee Rail
road, and South Western would be pretty much
wn/Ur the same mmaqemcnt.
I have seen several friends here from Savan
nah, also one Or two from Augusta, that have
reached here—all well and enjoying themsel
ves. Igo to Demopolis to-morrow, and
thenoe to the valley. If Ido not get out of
reach of the malls, I will give you a summary
of "'cotton prospects,” so soon as I reach
Grenada.
I find however great complaint here about
seed, and that the general opinion is—seed to
be good must be kept in the lint.
Warren.
JltniVhS FROfl TUB CAPITAL.
[FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT,]
Washington, Tuesday, May 29.
The scheme of the Reconstruction Commit
tee has at last, come to grief. The Senate, this
afternoon, by an unanimous vote, rejected the
third section of the proposed constitutional
amendment. That section, if adopted, would
have disfranchised the whole body of the
Southern people until 1870. When it is re
membered that Thaddeus Stevens declared,
tour weeks ago, on the floor of the House of
Representatives, that the third section contained
the pith of the whole scheme agreed upon by
the Committee of Fifteen, and that, if that
feature were stricken out, he “would not give
a snap of hia finger.for all the rest of the re
port,” the
IMPORTANCE OF THE ACTIOS OF THE SENATE
will at o jee be understood by your readers. —
The rejection of this third section, in fact, in
dicates a re-action of sentiment in at least one
of the branches of Congress. That re action
woh not altogether unexpected by Stevens and
the desperate cabal of reckless demagogues
who form his immediate clique in the House.
As early as last Friday afternoon it was known
that the caucus of Kephblican Senators had
taken a vote which sealed the fate ol the ob
noxious section, and great were the lamenta
tions in the .extreme wing of the Radical
camp when tbe result was announced.
THE WRATH OF STEVENS
at the defeat of his pet project of excluding
the entire South from any participation in the
next Presidential election know no bounds.
Yesterday, by way of giving vent to his in
dignation he introduced a blll embodying hlj
own views as to the proper mode of recon
structing the Southern States. By the provis
ions of this bill the" whole work of recon
struction, so far as it has already progressed
under the President’s authority, is nullified ;
the existing State Governments in the South
are recognized only as temporary arrange
ments for tbo preservation of social and mu
nicipal good order ; and the whole business of
erecting “loyal” State Governments, begin
ning with the call of conventions, &c., is to be
•ylormod anew. In tho primary elections for
" >conventions, all “loyal” citizens, black
aa Mte, are to be flowed to vote. Os
course it-, Qut the q ueß tiou that this meas
ure can be p„^ even by the Lower House,
in which the »^ uenoe u s t tj e Penusylvania
Mephistophiles isV otont . and the
move*
ment is significant an indioatiou 0 f the
bitterness of some of o,„ enem i ea i u Con
greas.
TUB NEW FRKED.MEN’a BUREAU BILL
which was papsed t*y the House of Rcpresen
i thn Bureau two years . , in other
I resuecte, > much less übje-. i .u.i.ile than -;.e
1:11 ot Similar *itle which first provoked the
, exei •?!.: .if th*j veto power on the art of t'resl
j dent Johnson. The bill may p. ;8 « ihe Senate,
I bat me*- ’>••• ’ :•<:■: •i* -a* believing that
It'* '' t's •*
spit*’ of all G *u. Howard to
| bolster up the of his sob-
J crdlnatce. the Bureau is daffy weoomicg bet
ter known here aud consequently, less r.*
| epeefi-d. On. ; iera? R K.B.' t Jjio ag^fe*"
I ant commissioner at .uatkstou, *Jhdt> v ri
diculously self satisfied report from his De
partment, dated May 22, in tho course of which
he tells us that tho planters are all delighted
at tho working of the Bureau, and are “panio
strickon ’ at the bare Idoa of its removal.
CLEARING SAVANNAH HARBOR,
Tho Government has just awarded a con
tract to floury S. Wells, of New York, to raise
the vessols sunk by the Confederates in the
river and harbor of Savannah. Some of these
vessels were sunk to servo as obstructions,
while others, including the gunboats, weie
scuttled at tho time of the evacuation of the
city. There are said to be, in all, about twrn
ty of these sunken crafts, some of which, be
cause of their guns and armament, are coisid
ered very valuable.
THE CASE OF EX-PRESIDENT DAVIS
Remaius involved in official fog ; but it will be
gratifying to the Southern people at large to
know that their former Chief Magistrate is
gradually gaining the privileges which his dis
tinguished character and peculiar circumstances
entitle him to receive. The newspaper corres
pondents are kept all agog gathering item#
about the great State prisoner and his devoted
wife. Mrs. Davis still remains here and re
ceives much attention. On Sunday she attend
ed the Church of the Ascension, escorted by
Sonator Saulsbury, of Delaware. The papers
publish Mr. Davis’ weekly bill of fare, from
which it appears that his diet is varied and sub
stantial. His counsel have had several long in
terviews with their client, and it is said that urn.
less the trial takes place speedily (which, as I
havealready mentioned, is not probable,) they
will apply to have him set at liberty, on bail.
Mr. Davis prefers giving bail to being paroled,as
involving less of the nature of a favor.
It is stated that he can offer bail to the extent
often millions of dollars; though in what
quarter he expects to find his sureties is more
thab this correspondent can inform .you.
COTTON AT Tr« .'i.RTII. .
The price ot which hail fallen so materially a
week or two ago, is again bounding upward in
sympathy with the gold market. The rise
within the last week has been no less than
eight cents a pound ! Perhaps the anticipa
tion that the Senate will cut down the uncon
scionable five cent excise tax imposed by the
House of Representatives has something to do
with the advance. Butternut .
Gen. Stonemau—A Kind Act.
The Memphis Bulletin tells the following on
Gen. Stoneman :
On Saturday afternoon Gen. Stoneman, the
General commanding this district, performed a
kmdly and beDovelent act which deserves to
be recorded. While the General was passing
along the levee, he saw five Confederate
soldiers, on their way home to New Orleans
from the North. They were poor, their clothes
were torn and ragged, and all of them had lain
long on their beds of sickness in a Northern
hospital, recovering fiorn desperate wounds
He learned their sad story—the heart of the
General was touched—and walking up to one
of the men, be handed him a five dollar bin.
The Confederate asked his name, and on beiug
told that the generous donor was General
Stoneman, his heart filled and his tongue was
unable to utter the thanks which his heart
dictated. Iq a few minutes he recovered him
self, bnt the General had left. He, however,
told several of the bystanders what had taken
place, and the manner in which he had been
relieved by a gallant officer and brave enemy.
Gen. Stoneman. by this noble act, has shown
that, when war >s over, he, at least, Can forget
and forgive, and, when it is required, can put
his hand in his pocket and relieve the poor
wounded soldier who bad fought on the other
tide from him.
RELWSOI IfTteI.UGETtF.
The new aau old - ‘ ooL j’-esbyteriau Gen
erai Assemblies ai r session af st.
Louis. The foHowing extract from the Re
publican wi’lsh.w our readers the efforts and
progress, towaids a reconciliation—recon
struction—rehabilitation or whatever it elftuld
be called. The old sshool—the original sj[n
ion ; the New School, the “Secash” party, w'e
believe.
Rev. Dr. Gurley and Judge Ciarke, commis
sioners from the Old Scnool Assembly, were
introduced by the Moderator..
Rev. Dr. Gurley—Mr. Moderator and mem
bers of the First Presbyterian General Assem
bly. 'fhe Hoa. Mr. Clarke and myself are
here by appointment from the General Assem •
bly which holds its sessions in the Second
Presbyteriau Church in this city, to convey to
you the fraternal salutation of that body, and
this we do with earnestness and sincerity. It
is not a mere matter of courtesy and form. I
think that I can say that it is the utterances
of the heart. We recognize you as our breth
ren in the Lord, bought with the same blood
and renewed by the same spirit and servants
of the same Master, engaged in tbe same work
and going with us to the same heavenly home,
and, therefore, with ail our hearts, we can
say, the Lord bless you and keep you. The
Lord make his face to shine upon you and be
gracious unto you. The Lord lift up his coun
tenance up on you ’and give you peace. We
heard of your growth, of your steady advance -
ment in strength and the increase of your
fidelity to Christ and the interest connected,
with His glory, and especially of tne recent
copiou3 outpourings of the Hoiy Spirit upon
your churches, and as we have heard of these
things we have been ready to say with joy and
gratitude, the Lord hath done great things for
thee, whereof we are glad.
May be continue to revive and strengthen,
enlarge and bleßs you, and make you blessed
still, Is the earnest prayer of our hearts.
I am glad to be able to say that during the
past year the Lord has not left us without
some token of his favor. Many of our con
gregatians, schools, academies and colleges
have boen blessed with his holy spirit, which
has been shed down upon us like the rain up
on the new-mown grass, and as the showers
that water the earth, and the result has been
that hundreds of our dear youth and young
men, who were a little while ago dead in treas
passes and in sin, are now alive unto God, and
engaged in his service.
It is the Lord’s doing, and it is marvellous
in our eyes, but as you have been similarly
blessed, and perhaps more largely blessed in
this regard than we have been, we may well
exclaim as we stand before you. “Ob, mag
nify the Lord with us, and let U3 exalt his
name together.”
It has been a great pleasure for ns to meet
yon as a brethren in this city, and to mingle
with you in conference and prayer, and to
mingle with you at the sacramental table as
we sat last Wednesday evening—an evening
never to be forgotten—when tbe two Assem
blies filled this house and partook together of
the symbols of our Redeemer’s death. Doubt
less we all felt that it was good to be here,
and that our little religious differences and
distinctions were all swallowed up and lost
in that greatest and best disiinction that one is
our Master, even Christ, and we all arß breth
ren. Yes we are brethren ;we have one Lord,
one fath, one baptism, one God and Father
ol all. Who is above all, through all, and in
us all, and why then should we not bear one
another’s burdens, and so fulfil the will of
Christ.
It has been said of late on the subject of be
coming an orgmffc body, that why should we
not share each other’s woes, and shed a sympa
thyizing tear ? Why may we not become one
organic body at no very distant day ? We are
both thoroughly Presbyterians in doctrine,
government and decipline, our lorms of wor
ship are the same. The means, methods and
agencies by which we seek to promote the cause
of our Redeemer, and advance his kingdom in
the world, are now substantially the same. Al-.
though since we became two bands, vto have
been called by two names, you being design
nated as New School, and we as Oid School,
yet it is manifest enough that we have both
been educated in tho same school—the school
where the Westminster Confession of Faith
and larger and shorter catechism were the
prominent and venerated text books, and teach-,
ings of which we adhere to now, and which
sets forth most clearly and ably what we are
tn ViPliAvp onr\r'i>minrr - -
! quirts ot as. Moreover, roaeot swats have
j brought u u hue closet illiaur e and fellowship
than we have eve: felt lief.ire.
in the years of our country’s peril we h< ve
rallied together around that dear old flag, and
when tne conflict was going on, have sung
: #’• tyv tun* tiMpntKu
-06/ ti**; la-*a ol the 38 the home of the
brave. ’ ,
(Applause.) And when a, iCr rebel flag
••vent down, aud with »t sis very, -.n then we
tiffed <«jr han-jE..- • !i**ww together unto God
arta pa\! ijf'-iow'imo u? oh Lord, bat unto
■*■—J —-fit* gi-Lie lor Thy mercy,
Thy right hand aud Thy holy arm hath gotten
us this victory.”
These are recent events and they have
brought us into the bonds of a near and a
hearj-lelt fellowship. We know not how you
may feel upon this subject, but as for our
selves we feel that the time perhaps has now
come when some practical steps should be
taken, looking to tbo securing oi an organic
jratty.
The Goneral Assembly which I represent, on
yesterday, by au almost unanimous vote,
adopted the following resolutions, which, with
your permission, I will read and then will
leave them upon your table with you, as I am
directed to do :
1. This Assembly expresses its fraternal af
fection for the other branch of the Presbyte
rian Church, aud its earnest desire for reunion
at the earliest time consistent with agreement
in doctrine, order and policy on the basis of a
common standard, and the prevalence of mu
tual confidence and love, which are so necessa
ry to a happy union, a*d to the permanent
peace and prosperity ot the united Church.
2. That it be recommended to all Churches
and Church Courts, and to all ministeis, ruling
elders and communicants to cherish fraternal
feelings, to cultivate Christian intercourse in
the worship of God, and in the promotion
of tho cause of Christ, aud to avoid all need
less controversies and contentions.
3. That a committee of nine (9) ministers
and six (G) ruling elders be appointed, pro
vided that a similar committee be appointed
by the other Assembly now iu session in tbs
city, for the purpose of conferring in regard
to the desirableness and practicability r, re
union; and if, after conference and inquiry,
sueh decision shall seem to ba desirr.blo and
practicable, to suggest suitable meaiur’s for
its accomplishment and report to the next
General Assembly.
The reading of the above resolutions was
greeted with upptause, after which Rev. Dr
Gurley said : And now, sir. having expressed
to you our whole mind on this subject, as well
ts our feelings and fraternal affection towards
you of the Church which I represent, it only
remains this morning for me to thauk you for
your courtesy, and to ask, if you please, that
you witl-exteud the same courtesy to my asso
ciate. Judge Ciarke, who is here present.
* • e • * i*. ~
Mr. Moderator—My Dear Brothers, Dr. Gur
ley jmijse Ola-.ke ; It is witn very great
pleasure and unaffected feeling that I now at
tempt to reply to the salutation and address
which you bare brought us on the part of
these brethren of the other Assembly. I count
it one of the happiest moments of my life that
I have been tha organ iu the Providence of
God to receive such suggestions as you have
made to the Assembly and the churches which
the membersof the Assembly represent. You
witl permit me to say that we regard it as an
especial happiness to listen to the addresses
which have just been made bvyourselt and Dr.
Gurley,, who has become so conspicuous, and
who has become so well kuown to us in con
nection also with the closing hours of our
dearly beloved President. You have been
made commissioners on the part of the other
Assembly to bring us these suggestions to
which we have listened. Ail that you have
said, dear brethren, in regard to our existence
and in respect to our doctrine, or-do, and the
desirableness of a closer union between these
two bodies, finds a ready response, as you have
already received, in the hearts of this Assem
bly. We know that it is true, as you yourselves
have been pleased to acknowledge, that this
body is Presbyterian, and thoroughly so-all
its churches, in respect both to its doctrines
ana its orders.
answer for a very large number
thcZ
rwLT . ar , e so numerously in
fhii ' Veßtern Kew York. I knew that
these churches love the doctrines and the
?hat C th°eV he Pre6byterUQ Churcb - and I know
regard m .h™ scrupulous in
regard to the observation of aii its precepts
the 6pirit oi Gcd -
cailed forth greater purity on the part of
Christ s people and his disciples, of whatever
name, has been such that we were called to
meet these kind advances which you have been
pleased to make, and meet them in a kind'y
way, and not to throw out any obstacles on our
part to preveq£ a union. A union ol this kin i
wcuid r-joice ohristuna anywhere. Ihe B J
eraior then referred to the progress that had
been made by ffie c.U'cbee across the Atlantic.
«• detailed by Dr. McC-ah a few days ago. In
conclusion, he would say that it was tne ten
dency of tbe times and tbe mandate of God
that che chtyches should be brought nearer to
each other. The New School Church had
worked with the Congregationa’ust and other
Churches in a revival, and he thought it would
be a shame if churches that believed in justifi
cation by faith and in the* atoning -dAVific
alone—churches which were of one family an
by one household, though separated for a few
years—it would be strange if they could no’
and should not work together. *Ha had re
garded it as a foregone conclusion that thes
two branches of the Christian Church would b
united, but as a Church t\jy had not h.s.
for the happiness of seeing that consummatior
which was so much to be desired, brought s«
near as it appeared to ba at the present time
As an Assembly they accepted most heard
!y and with the most hearty satisfaction th
eentiment expressed in regard to jhe substan
tial unity which existed Ijfctwoen tbe tw>
bodies and the desire for a closer crgan’C on
ty. There might be difficulties in tne wav ofa>
raying the details of such a unity, but -v.
should not be discouraged if there should D
some who were not in sympathy with thi
object. We should be prepared to extend in
dulgence in such cases We should not thin!
it hard if there were seme among our owl
brethren who were not prepared for this puri
fication. There might also be seme found ic
the Old School branch of the Presbyteriar
Church who were not yet prepared for a unior
of the Churches, but let" us have indulgence to
wards those brethren, and go on in Christ oi
our leader, and, by the spirit of God, brinj
our Churches together in the closest po-’siMi
actual unitv, and in the closest possible organ
ic unity, which is essential, as soon as it cai
be done.
Ba pleased, dear brethren, to beat back t<
the Old School Assembly the respect and thi
sentiments which you perceive on the coua'e-
and 4# the actions of these brethren o
the Aasenf&ly, and that affection, coniidenci
and friendship, and our earnest desire for tin
closest possible reunion at the earliest possi
ble day? (Applause.)
Rev. H. B. Smith, D. D., Chairman of tie
Committee on Cnurch Piety, made the foilov
ing report in relation to overtures. No. 5 to D5,
on the subject of reunion of the two branch*
of the Presbyterian Churches :
The overtures are from New York Stae,
three; New York city, four; Dubuque, Green
castle, Athens, Steuben. Alton, Monroe, Keoj
kuk, Long Island and Trumbull. All ttn.3*
Presbyteries, with different degrees of urgency)
recommend to this Assembly to initiate or t|
respond to proposals looking lo an entire re
union of the churches represented by the t'O
General Assemblies now in session in the city
of St. Louis.
The General Assembly now in session fa
the Second Presbyterian Uhureh of this cif"
have also adopted resolutions appointing h
committee to confer with a similar cotnati’-ie
of our own Church in regard to the desirotlF
ness and practicability of such a reunion.
Your committee recommend to this A°Bei
bly the adoption of the following rejec
tions : '
Resolved, That this Assembly tends] to
the Assembly representing; the other brach
of the Presbyterian Church its cordial Cite
tiaa salutation and fellowship and aa exp;s
sion of its earnest wish for a reunion on
basis of our common standards ieceiypd a
common spirit.
Resolved, That a committee of fifteen, %’ne
of whom shall be Ministers of the Gospel .ud
six elders, be appointed to confer on the ab
ject in the recess of the Assembly with a cm
mittee to be appointed by tbe other Getr il
Assembly, and to report theresut at our iext
General Assembly.
Resolved, That we enjoin upm the c>m
mittee, upon all our Ministers and Chirch
members, to abstaiu from whatever may fin
der a truo Christian fellowshij; that we
cherish and cultivate this feeling .ud purpiae,
which looks to the peace and prosierity of lion
and the edification of the body o Christ aid a
complete union of all bolieveis, especially of
those living in the same laid, having the
same history and the same standards of doc
trine and policy.
Resolved, That a copy of hese resolutions,
whh the names of our commitee, be sea, to
the other Ganeral Assembly,now in session in
this city.
■ mo.is.y fydoptetl am.fi apUac-O i-.-.l C - -;b‘a-
A Sunday school for irefe i. “aud'.'“ be:’.,
J organized iu Lome, G»,, uudt* the aujpwea of
tne first ladies of that town,
j The revival meetiui;. at ” • ou-
It'nnwl through the week, -•.ve
ftavo i tSPbedn^os%. R ajP.*:^ t . jitfe,.
I verted,
i There is no sin we can be fc -i * :a ■
nit Out we shall find a greater ?•:; m
| resisting than in Committing.'—[&.,■
The Illinois Association o Cos : .
now in annual session at Ottawa {■■ ■
aiutoiinoitgty *. f.jpoit against sec o iriee.
Rev. J. P. B. Wilmer, of Maryland, lately
elected Bishop of Louisiana, in place of the la
mented General Polk, is a brother of tie Bish
op of Alabama, and is well qualified'for the
j high position to which he has oeen exalted.
1 The Rev. Edwin Geer, of St. Peter’sChnrch,
Washington, N. C,, is at present in Net York,
soliciting contributions ty,aid in the robtiilding
of that edifice, which was burned during the
war.
The thirty-eighth annual convention if the
Protestant Episcopal Church, in theDioce* of
Kentucky, convened in St. John’s Church on
Jefferson street, between Eleventh and Twelfth,
on Wednesday, the 30th.
Rev. Charles C. Pise, the well-known pet or
of the Church of St. Charles Borromecj in
Brooklyn, died on Saturday of last week.* Dr,
Pise was one of the most learned and giftel of
the Roman Catholic clergy in that region jtle
is also well known in literature as the ayjior
of “ A History of the Church,” and a nuoler
of poems of merit.
The Catholic Church is said to be flourish
ing ia Kansas, and especially in Leavenworth,
the seat of the Bishop, there are about 1,000
Catholics in the city - about one- third,’o! tie
inhabitants—and anew Cathedral is in process
of erection, «hich wiil cost from $140,000 to
$150,000
1 i
Fmoral services over the bodies of two ®i
dies who died in the prison at Anderscavile,
vere held in the Universalbt Church ia Malden’
Mass., on Sunday, 20th. The Baptist minuter
was invited to take part iu the service, but re
fused to go into the Uaiveisa! t t.'i r >
do so.
Among the latest announceme ta Y C .
publishers is a sort of Spurgeon J lv>ck,’ th
the title : “Anecdotes and Btor> <; of i C.
H. Spurgeon, now first collected a lane gtn •’
The Loudon Review says of it “T 1 i-t
uot take to itself the credit ul be t.' ha
earliest clerical budget ot wit. "•. a ,
‘Sterne’s Convivial Jester, or
Sort.’” -
A writer in the New Orleans Christian
cate says that, so far as he has asce. tY ": ,1 . ■
tweea one thousand and twelve huurea
church houses were burned during . ivar.
These churches, he thinks, had cT , . jpje
not less than five millions of do ;ais.‘ i.i the
loss the Methodists were the greatest
the Baptielo next, then the Present
Catholics least. " !
The growth of the Roman Catb-dic -> h
in Missouri is very rapid. The St. Louis Peion
notices the laying of the corner stone o ta
new Church of St. Francis Borgi
ington, Franklin county, by the vrchUisFo-i
attended by Rev. Father Seisl, S. ; . and ott r;
priests. It also says: “Plans have 'u t -,ee:
executed and the foundations laid fc >• »
churches, oae at La Grange, andth
Canton, ia Lewis county. The Rev. j. f.
Gleeson is the pastor of both districts.
A mission was receutly given ia Nashville,
Team, by the Jesuit Fathers Revs. Smarms,
F. Baudriax and 1 Van Gachy. The church
was open constantly, from four in the morning
to near midnight every day for eleven days”
and instructions were given thrice on the
mornings, once in the afternoon, 3nd a «Con
troversial lecture delivered every night, ween
the church was crowded to overflowing. At
the close of the mission, about one hundred
and fifty adults received the sacrament of con
firmation and of tho Holy Eucharist, many of
whom were converts.
A maa by the name of William Carter has
been for some years doing a wonderful work in
London and vicinity. He is a “mister chim
ney-sweeper, a short thick sat, pleasant man,
with small twinkling eyes, that seem to preach
happiness, and a high forehead, indicative of
abilities of ?no ordinary cast.” He leased the
V ictoria theatre in London, where, for twelve
mouths, he has preached to a congregation . of
3,000. He has now leased also Victoria Hall,
in the immediate vicinity. By the help of
>^ e , baa illitiated and associated
niKrL h t ’ he has sometimes nine preaching
LoaZn Pea °“ the Sabbath ic varij - parrs of
ii^ e f ° llowiD g are the preamble and regain
sls* 1 br ■““••'“"p-
Vy n«ra»«, the conditions which rendered neo
n -ary the separate orsanizationofthe southern
Dioceses no longer exists, and 'hat orgaaiz itirn
has ceased by oou-eat and notion of tiio Dio
ceses, concerned: and whereas the Diocese of
Virginia, unchanged as are her princ ples,
deems it most proper, under existing circum
stances, to resume her interrupted relations to
the Protestant Episcopal Church in- the United
otates; therefore,
Resolved, That the Diocese do accordingly
now resume Us connections with the General
Convocation of the Protestant Episcopal Church
in the United States, and that the Bishop be
requested to send a copy of the preamble and
resolutions to the Presiding Bishop, and one
to the Secretary of the House ot Clerical and
Lay Delegates.
The following resolution was also adopted:
Resolved. That whenever tne colored mem
bers of the Church in any parish desire to form
anew and separate congregation, such action
shall have the sanction of this Diocese. They
may elect their own vestry, wardens and min
isters. They shall be considered as under the
care of this council, and their interests as rep
resented in it by the standing committee on
colored congregations.
The Council meets in Staunton in May, 1807.
The Monument of God.— Would you illus
irate the Divine patienoe? His steady adhe
ipcce to 6ome one great plan? You cannot do
it anywhere so well as He hath done it in this
great world-work. During all those ages
whose length impresses one like eternity itself,
H« had the one final idea in view, and the laws
that now work, wrought regularly and inva
riably then to bring about His purposes. He
hurried not. Eternity was his. A thousand
years to him were as a day, and one day as a
thousand years.
“God worketh slowly, and a thousand years
He takes to lay His hand3 off! Layer on layer
He made Earth—formed !t and fashioned it
Into the great, bright, useful thing it is.
a • m a o
Veined it with gold and dusted it with gems v
Lined it with fire, and round its heart fire bowed
Hock-ribs unbreakable; until at last
Earth took her shining station as a star
Iu heaven’s dark hall, high up the crowd of
worlds.’’
[republished by request.]
SOITH AfIFKIC*.
Its Soil, Climate and Resources.
Difficulties In Transportation.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS, AC.
At the instance of the Southern Colonization
Society, Messrs, Robert Meriwether and H. A.
Shaw of Edgefield District S. C., have recently
made a tour through a portion of Brazil for the
purpose of deriving reliable information in ref
erence to its adaptation to Southerners who de
sire to emigrate. Their report is published
in the Edgefield Advertiser, and is very
lengthy, filling four columns of that paper The
following extraets embrace the material points
of the report. It will bo seen that the portions
of country deemed most desirable to Southern
settlers, are at present so deficient in good roads
as to make it quite difficult to reach them, and
to deprive setters of any convenient outlet to
market. Time and enterprise may overcome
»|ese obstacles, but they should be duly con
dered by those who contemplate emigration.
We left Augasta, Georgia, about the 18th of
October, 1865, on the R. R. via Washington
City, where we procured passports, and proceed
ed to New York. Securing passage on the
North America, one of the Brazil and United
States line of Steamers to Rio DeJaneiro, we
left New York on the 30th of October and ar
rived at Rio on the 26th of November. At Rio
we met several gentlemen from the South, who
had been in Brazil several months, on the same
miss.ion that carried us thither. Amongst them
we formed the acquaintance of Dr. Gaston, of
Columbia, S. C., who had made rather an ex
tensive tour in the interior of the province of
St. Paulo. He introduced us to his Excellency,
Paulo Susa, Minister of Agriculture, to whom
we explained the objects of our visit, and pre
sended our credentials. The Minister offered
us every facility desired in the prosecution of
our investigations, furnishing transportation, a
| guide, an interpreter, and in most cases, food
i !>• ’.
f bn out 'by age out we stopped at J’ernam
bu;-. . .• s£ we -aiiabed oursvlv* - !h i. :!:
; Miniate word ! not suit the people of ou s Stale
i r erlihiing heat must enervate the system and
i Iresk '.he constitution of jdhii. In this province*
. > •; yrown tfc* bps* quality of tpbno
i '-of Extracts from an English papci o>w
: : ■ ! t.v. !, -J O ih. I‘orur Ui-Xiou cotton a; ir .-on 1 to,
I -d li'ruer than any 'ihor in th- great -ttfon
- art «; the world Sugar and tubacr* Skc .
j giosvn here in great perfection V, go, ,«d
i aisA at Bah ;. tw< or three hundred mill’ >utu
1 Pernambuco, where a l ,- cotton, sugar, tobsc
j cc. a«. ’ ..11 the Tropical fruit* arc grown in groat'
j perfection. je* mle, us “ Pernambuco,
.m Equatorial, anu liable b -- j-' .....
After full and complete inqifiry and investi
gation, the Province of St. Paulo, lying be*
tween 22 and 25 degrees South Latitude, ap
peared to us, the most suitable for our people,
on account of health, climate and productions,
being by its whole length and breadth, just
within the frost line, except higher table lands,
which are free from frost the year round. With
the purpose of exploring this Province thorough
ly, we left Rio and went by steamer to Santos,
its seaport town.
The country, lying between the mountains
and seacoast, had no large bodies of farming
lands, and we directed our attention to the in
terior, beyond the mountains which, bound the
coast. Therefore, we took the cars over the St.
Paulo and Santo* Railroad. This railroad is
not yet completed, but the cars pass over it to
about twenty miles beyond the city of St.
Paulo, the|j capital of the province of the same
name,and itis graded to Jundiee, forty miles from
the capital. Its whole completed length is
eighty or ninety miles, connecting the interior
of the province with the seaboard, at Santos.
This port, wc omitted to mention, has a very
capacious harbor, an outlet for ships of the
largest class, and by the first of June, it is
thought, its railroad will be finished. A survey
has been made to continue it about one huns
dred miles farther to Rio Clara.
At St. Paulo we were provided with animals
to prosecute our journey over a country almost
without’roads, for the entire transportation in the
interior is done on hacks, except that now and
th-n a bullock cart is seen hauling at short dis
tf 'B> over roads which our wagons certainly
c. not pass. These carts are of the most
i tive character, the wheels and axles are
i ened together, and all turn together iu movs
mg.
e commenced our tour on the 18th of De
; cercber, 1865, going to Itapetaningna, the near-
I 1 a ss over the mountains to oar destination,
; r-on arriving there. learned the utter imprac
■ ‘d a! iiity of crossing. It was therefore plain,
f laa ‘ w e either had to abandon this part of the
1 . )r the other, and here we agreed with Dr.
■ > on, that he should go over the mountains
I a J examine the lands in that direction, whilst
|we turned in the other. His report is appended
; 1 'his.
'Ve turned our course in the direction of
ucstu and Lcncoes. Here we found the
. < s were owned by private parties. From St.
i • lo to this place, by the direct route, is about
hundred and fifty miles. The present ter
us of the railroad is fifteen or twenty miles
irer. The road, if road it may be called,
•ding to it, passes over a tract of country, ex
-1 c 'jii for some twenty or forty miles, called here
npo,” without trees or other growth upon it
■j i grass and a few small bushes. The peo
here contend that if ploughed, they would
produce well, but no one has tried it. As inti
mated above, there are some superior farming
lands on this route, and we saw cotton that
would make one thousand pounds per acre, or
more, and corn tkat would yield twenty-five or
more busnels per acre, all cultivated with the
hoe. We saw cotton in all stages of growth;
some just planted, and some up five or six
inches—some in full bloom, and some planted
the year previous, with bolls open. We also
saw cotton gins at work, driven by steam, by
water and by hand. All the cotton here is of
good quality.
But in the midst of this extensive campo or
plain, or if you please—barren waste, suddenly
rises up a mountain or succession oi moun
tains. about fifty or s'xty miles long, by fen or
twelve mile3 wide, evidently of a peculiar vol
canic formation. A6 this mountain district was
the most interesting visited, we examined it
wilh the greatest care, and satisfied ourselves
that it contained the richest lands we had ever
seen. This immense and inconceivably fertile
tract is owned, and, to some extent, cultivated
by small farmers. Ask a man “ how much land
do you own.?” and his usual reply is "Ido
not know exactly, but it is four, six, or ten
miles long, and from tour to six miles broad.”
The lands of Brazil, except in rare instances,
have not been surveyed, and no one with
whom we have conversed on this subject, knows
how much land he owes. All guess. We saw
corn growing on these lands, which would
yield more than fiity bushels per acre. The
timber is cut down, allowed to lie aud dry for
two months, commonly, and then set on fire.
All the timber not consumed by the fire re
mains just as the fire left it, till it roht. Then
usually with a stick, sharpened at the end —
sometimes with a hoe—a hole is] mule in the
ground, the seed from five to ten grains, put
into this hole and covered with the foot, and
th.- 1= au the cultivation the crops receive.
Cora, cotton, rice, sugar cane, tobacoo, and all
the tropical fruits grow here in great profu
sion
V e saw peaches aud grapes also of good
quality. The most of these lands are exempt
tcom frost—the hea’th of this region is said to
be unexceptionable—the water of the purest
lreestone, and the water power equal to any in
the world. Stock of all kinds, hogs and cattle
especially, are superior. Tne usual depth of
soil is supposed to ba thirteen feet, but it is
known to bo twenty or more in some places
If this tract of country had convenient and
easy communication with the trade of the
world, if there might be any to equal, there
could certainly be none to surpass it. Its pre
sent outlet, is by the railroad, one hundred aud
twenty five miles to it? terminus, and from
eighty to one hundred by it toSantos. Another
outlet may be opened lor it across the Big Sarra
alluded to above, lu that direction, it is from
eighty to one hundred miles to steamboat navi
gation.
These lands can be purchased at from one to
two dollars per acre, and some tracts or parcels
with conskl?<ablejj!mprovementß.
If a large n'lcaber of famTles from the States
should settle thyre, we have been assured offi
cially that good foads wiil be opened up imme
diately ; and it is practicable to connect this
district by railroad with the St. Paulo Railroad,
or by railroad over the Big Sierra to the head
of navigation.
Running parallel with this mountain range
is the river Tiete, and for about twenty miles
distant, on either side of which, are lands of
the best quality, producing every desciiption
of crops, except, coffee, in the greatest perfec
tion and abundance. There were some fields
of as good, if not better cotton than we ever
saw beforehand without doubt the best “cul
tivated gras?,” whole fields of which were
from five to seven feet high, and eaten by the
animals with The greatest avidity. Thero too,
we found corn good enough for any country.
Fifty busheis per acre is a small estimate for
it. Our inlormation is, that for more tlmn
one hundred miles down this valley, the same
quality of laud continues. It belongs to pri
vato individuals, and can be bought at from
fifty to seventy-five cents per acre. It is pro
per (o mention here, that the, Territory forty
or fifty miles South of the mountain range
above referred to is in the hands of the In
dians. The lands in this valley we believe to
be as good for cotton as any in the United
States. Tbe ordinary estimate of this crop is
from two to three thousands pounds, with but
little cultivation. The character of the soil is
what is usually called with us "Mulatto,” and
its depth trom eight inohes to five feet. But a
great objection to this exceedingly fertile val
ley is, its liability to chil Is, which are some
times malignant.
file mountains, though raising to a consid
erable height, have usually several long slopes
almost level in ascending them, and the larger
portion of them ia level enough for cultivation.
This land is nearly all “terra roccha,’’ of the
fust quality. The woods are apparently one
immense canebrake, though the cane is much
larger than that grown in the States, and
called here “bamboo.’’ Timber is abundant ;
including furniture wood of the finest grain,
acd Shat most suitablo and required for ship
building.
We have been particular in tbe description
of these lands, for if a number ot our people
go to Btazi!, the Districts of Botucatn and
Ler.coes aud the adjoining lands of the Tiete
river, constitute the section we advise them to
examine. In our opinion, a spiendid future
awaits this portion of the provinoe.
We saw o 1 he: good lands, but they could
non be purchased for less than twenty-five,
silty and a hundred dollars per acre, since they
wero planted in coffee. At Arraquaria, about
two hundred miles from St. Paulo, a tract of
couulry—a Facienda as it Is called there.—is
offered for sale, by Dr. Gavias, ot St Paulo,
containing from one hundred and forty to two
hundred and eighty thousand acies of land for
one hundred aud twenty-five thousand dollars,
on a credit pt ten or fifteen years if desired.
Wo examined this, and suppose that from
fifteen to twenty five thousand acres cf it are
of good quality, including some coffee lands,
and would produce corn, sugar, &c., to perfec
ap. ff n cf it ir "empo. but the j
if carapo wt have seen in the pro- f
,-ioce. 1. otbfe’ is woodland, and will pro-;
and J cotfon very well. The fifteen ,
to twsi ’ Aisaud acres of good land alluded :
id ab-iv ’ teriH roccha” as the BracUiane J
cl: ,-]» -acd Os ic'Xp esiibio
• . ■»-. er'ji i.iuwarcU oft»- > I'D" ,
dr<oi v> , N’tle tee ' menufW in tale i
?„ ■ >■ - .1 •* dwelling house. so>u« |
isu' Ti and on- bundled acres of oulti- j
vd- , l.Oid mpris" ■ improvements on tho ]
” i (• aio a map of thl« great)
dooi.o;, ar.-. rill to <sh it to any one who do- .
si . Mi' lii lhe inlormation we have in re- |
vantages.
.mm wl. , u lie tOu low r coffee, are very
little estimated by the Brazilians, and in. the
Disti : ct of Canipens, within twenty or thirty
miles ol the R R , arc some Vw*y fine farms, of
this description, with good improvements,
which can be purchased for from IWD to fiv3
dollars par acre. Much of these lands are
“terra rocha,’’and all of them will produce
corn, eugar cane, and cotton, admirably Two
gentlemen from the States, one from Alabama
and tho other trom Louisiana, have already
purchased and settled there.
Dr. Gaston reports that after overcoming
the difficulty of passing the mountains, and the
dangers and fatigues incident thereto, ho
pushed his investigations in the direction of
Iguape and Cannanea, and founl large bodies
of public lands, which although not bo rich as
the “terra rocha” of the interior, yet produ
cing large crops of corn, sugar cane, rice, to
bacco, and, in places, coffee. The few days he
remained there, the weather was pleasant, and
the transportation easy and cheap, costing 'ess
than one-half of the price from the interior.
He thinks it healthy, except on the water
courses, vnd the price of the lands is only
twenty-two cants per acre, on a credit of five
years without interest. Several families from
Alabama and Texas have already settled there.
We hope this section may be as desirable as
the Doctor imagines, for it is immediately on
one of tbo routes to a seapart, from the ex
ceedingly fertile district? described above, and
tho improvements of its teiritory, will assist in
the settlement of the other. The river Iguape
is navigable for steamboats as far up as Xire
rica, distant from the District we have chosen,
about one hundred miles, but unlike the Tiete,
its nav.gation is uninterrupted by falls and
shoals.
Wa deem it our duty to state that the price
of negroes has decreased one-half during our
stay in the Empire, It is said that the outside
sentiment is the cause. At any rate all classes
agree, that the day is not distant when emanci
pation must come. We have heard of some
gangs of negroes, including men, women and
children, being offered by the year for fifty
dollars each, though the usual price is from
sixty to a hundred and twenty, tor planta
tion hands, the hirer pays all expenses.
The law requires the purchasers of lands to
pav six per cent, cash, one time, on their prime
cost, as a tax to the Government. With this
exception, the farmer, we believe, never pays
any tax during life. We will also mention
it is thought by well informed persona,
that this small burden will soon be removed
from all immigrants.
The health of the table lands of the Prov
ince is represented by the native and foreigner
as very good, with the exception of the flats
and low grounds near the larger rivers, which
are subject to chills and intermittent fevers. A
few specific diseases, as Goitre and Leprosy,
are seen. Gases of the latter appear but sel
dom, though a considerable number of the
former are observed among the poorer classes.
It is thought generally to be produced by poor
diet, damp houses, &c. The temperature also
throughout the table lands, notwithstanding
we were there during the summer months, va
ries from 56 to 86 degrees in the shade. Da
ring the winter, it varies generally, we under,
stand, irom 40 to 65 degrees, though some
times it comes down to the freezing point, pro
ducing ice.
In Santos, the Eeaport of this Province,
about forty-five miles from the table lands,
and about three thousand feet lower, the mer
cury varied during the years 1863 and ’64
from 67.1 to 83.2, viz: January 83.3, February
82, March 79, April 77.3, May 69.8, June 69,
July 67.1, August 67 5, September 70 3, Octo
ber 71.6, November 74 6, December 78 2.
The principle objections to the country are,
the language, Portuguese, the mixed clais of
its population, and the want of proper facili
ties for education and transportation, though it
appears from all the facts we could gather,
that there is a steady improvement in the two
latter objections.
The cost of clearing forest lands according
to the custom of the country, is from $1.50 to
$2 00 per acre. Horses, domesticated, can be
bought for from S2O to S4O; unbroken, from
sls to S3O; mares, from $5 to $10; Jacks
from SSO to $100; pack mules, from $25 to
S3O; riding mules, from S4O to $80; unbroken
in lots, from sl2 to sls; fat bogs weighing two
hundred pounds each, from $5 to $8; breeders
and pigs, in proportion; sheep, from $1 50 to
$3 00, inferior and scarce; goats, from $1 to
$2: milch riows, in luis, trom sßto $10; single,
Sl2 to sls; oxen, fat, from sl2 to S2O; work
oxen, from S3O to $10; corn usually trom 50 to
75 cents, though, during this summer, there
has been a great scarcity, caused by a drought,
during last season, said to be the first for near
ly twenty years. We paid from 75 eents to S3
per bushel; rice trom $2 to S3; coffee from 7
to 10 cents per pound; leather from S3 to S5
per side; sugar from 6 to 8 cents; rum from 25
to 30 cents per gallon; banannaa, limes and
lemons from J to J cent each; oranges from J
to I cent each, anu- pine-apples abundant, ana
in season from 1 to 2 cents each.
In the larger towns most of these products,
particularly fruit, are much higher.
The religion of the State is Catholic, though
all others are tolerated, still no Protestant is
allowed to build a steeple or place a Cross .oa
his Church; Should ever the people be dis
posed to immigrate to Brazil, ic is ot the ut
most importance that there should be a con
cert of action among them. If they contem
plate going in any considerable numbers, pre
liminary arrangements should be made for
shelter ard subsistence, and all of them should
settle withiu a reasonable distance of one an
other. A few families, or a few dcztu familJJ
ies can find ample subsistance and shelter iu
most of the settlements visited by us, but if
more than these propose lo settle far in the
interior, at the same time, we would advise
them in order to avoid disappointment and
distress, to make ample preparation before
doiDg so. Notwithstanding we utter these
words of caution, vha citezecs assure us that
they will hive plenty to subsist a very l»rge
number gos emigrants, , and in some cases
have offered, with that generosity peculiar to
the first class of Brazilians, to divide half their
subsistance with us, without compensation.
This offer includes corn, sugar, rice, &c. Flour
cannot be had ia tbe interior, as there is no
wheat grown in St. Paulo, though we under
stand, that atone time wheat was one of the
principle articles of export from this Province.
We believe from the character of tbe best
lands, that it could be grown with perfect
success.
The government allows all Immigrants to
Introduce, WTHhoir own use, free of
articles of prime necessity, such as tools oi all
kinds, wagons, gear, machinery, furniture, &e
Thte should not be forgotten by the emigrant,
forjin the interior, you will find only the hoe,
axe, hill-hook and bullock cart, and they, ex
cept the hoe, of the rudest manufacture.
Ploughs can be bad only in the larger towns,
ana none have been seen by us that are suita
ble for the ordinary cultivation of the products
of the country.
Seed of every variety, especially for the gar
den, shouid be carried in bottles, securely
corked. Clothing, shoes, hats, dry goods, &c,
can be bought cheaper in Brazil than in the
United State#; Heavy thoes for plantation use,
however, are scarce in this market. They
should be taken from tho States, and also
pi ugh-geur of all descriptions as well as
cooking utensils. Perhaps it would be advis
able for each family to provide themselves with
a suitable cooking stove, as they will find no
chimneys in the interior; bvick scarce and ex
pensive, and stone not very abundant in the
vicinity of the best landb.
Transportation from Now York to Rio De Ja
neiro, by ths mail steamer, has been reduced to
S2OO in gold, second class SIOO, children at
tho breast without cost; from twelve to four
teen, half price; under twelve, one third. All
emigrants to Brazil are allowed a discount on
this line of 30 per cent; the first class paying
$l4O, and tho s-cond class S7O. But we can
not tell if a similar deduction is allowed the
children.
The steamers on this lino make the trip in
twenty six days, having to touch at several
places in the discharge of their duties. Passage
can be had on o good sail vessel at most of the
ports of the United States at from $76 to SIOO
for the first class, and for the second class at
much less, perhaps one half, the time being
from forty to sixty days. From Rio to Santos,
the principal seaport cf St. Paulo, it would cost
about S2O, though we see that the Government
has geueioußiy assumed that burthen itself,
aud from thence to the interior, you can pass
over a railroad for about ninety miles.
The vast domain of Brazil contains the most
fertile soil in the universe and more cheap
lands to allure the emigrant than any other
nation under tue sun. For the supply of the
millions that will soon bo flocking to her
shores, she abounds in the precious metals and
costiy gems, and in the most valuable products
known io commerce. “The cattlo upon a
thousand hills” are hers,-and may b3 yours,
.md ouch ;-aitie as men nevee iciioltl in
other clime. The earth ylv’d- 'most spbnf
neoualy the grain, fruit and ■ getabies that
most Jeiight the palate and sty (lie
ot men. To gratify the iporirfi.c-.n, the wood'!
are full of game, ot deer, of Aid heg*, »nd
i artridges ami <; ails, >,u't*pf tim roost and ; ... ■
biitij of every hue and ’Ttivery
whilst her innumerable river aud watercourses j
teem with fine to the greatest variety and
finest tUvor.
Her water power in a...'.Gent to drive alt tbe
m&ohinery in the worl 1, aud nor natural and
material resources ai e equal to the support of
tho population of China
Beiow Rio, the seasons are precisely oppcu
ed to ours, their spring or planting season, be
ginning with the beginning of our fall, and
their summer beginning with our first, and
ending with our last winter month. But that
nothing may be wanting tor the encourage
ment of the agriculturist, in this happy region,
unlike most of the other portions of the habita
ble globs, tbe summer is its wet, and the win
ter is its dry season, and its good lands never
wash away.
We traversed one province lor over a thou
sand miles, taking six months from our de
parture hence, to make our explorations, and
during the whole of that period, we discovered
no ravenous beaßts worth naming, and only
three or four serpeats of diminutive size, and
no more to be feared thau those seen every
day in your fields and forests. The insects that
prey upon the crops, including the red ant, are
not so destructive as those which infest our
richest lands, and there is no rust or sufficient
frosts to check or obstruct the growth of their
beautiful cotton. Moreover, since the memory
of man, there has been no earthquake there,
no subterranean lire, no volcanic eruptions to
appal the heartH or to disturb the serenity of
its inhabitants, and its men and women live to
a riper old age than even in this once favored
country.
Though there are a few legal and religious
or canonical impedimenta to the ioreigner or
emigrant, puch as that ho may not reach one
or two of the highest offices in the State, and
may not, if a Protestant, erect a cross upoa
his Church, yet the whole spirit of Brazil is op
posed to such hindrances, and a mighty and
united effort is now being made, with the most
certain prospects of success, to piace the nat
uralized citizen and the native Brazilian on an
exact equality, in all rights, in all privileges,
and in all honors that the Government can be
stow.
The constitution of the Empire is modeled
after the British, abating some of the most
objectionable features, such as the rights of
primogeniture, and a hereditary nobility, and
the working of the Government is harmouious,
steady, just and powerful. The Emperor is a
wise and magnanimous Ruler, sprung from an
intellectual and illustrious race, and ready at
all times to condescend to any man or thing,
compatible with the dignity of his crown, for
the advancement of thß interests and the glory
of his country. The foreigner on entering his
dominions finds no prejudices to combat, to
antipathies to avoid, but a liberal Minister
ready to welcome, and a population to greet
"him, and a Sovereign to offer him the powerful
protection of hia government.
A large society for the promotion of emigra
tion, has been organized,and eome of the ablest
and most honored personages in the country
appointed its directors. Its special objects are
to aid and take care of the foreigner on his
landing, to protect him from want aa well as
from the frauds of the designing, and to vindi
cate his rights and privileges before the Gov
ernment and the councils of tho nation. The
Government has also established a Hotel for
the shelter and accommodation of the same
class cf individuals. Corps of engiueers and
surveyors have been appointed to open roads
and survey lands, and there ia a spontaneous
movement of the whole Empire to open wide
its arras for the men of enteipiise ami labor of
all nations who have a mind to seek the grand
est theatre for the exercise of their energies
and the display of their genius ever presented
on the face of the green earth.
Your obedient servants.
Robert Meriwether,
H. A. Shaw.
The Shreveport (L».) Southwestern an
nounces that a telegraphic cable was recently
successfully laid across the river at that place.
A man has been arrested in Indianapolis for
snatching a woman’s bonnet off her head, and
throwing it into the canal. Thou cruel man 1
The commission of General Sickles as minis
ter to the Hague was sent to him on the 26ih.
He has not as yet signified his acceptance or
declination of the appointment.
It is proposed to build, as near as possible,
an air-line railroad from the city of Memphis,
Tenn., to the'city of Cairo, Illinois.
The President has approved the bill author
izing the Secretary of the Treasury to make
regulations against the introduction of cholera.
A Finished Education.
If it be true that “a little learning is a dan
gerous thing,” then is our cherished republic
exposed to a wuler-sprcad intestine peril that:
couid ever be caused t>y the nefarious plottings
ot foreign enemies or domestic traitors. No
where else is the aggregate popular diffusion c
superficial information so great as in America
nowhere else, a as 1 is individual condentratioi
of knowledge so rare.
It ma*, perhaps, be said that if a boy he actu
ated by the desire to learn, ample opportinili.
are afforded to him in all of our schools acd col
leges, and that if he have neither inclioatio
nor capacity to profit by their course of tuiiioa
the fault is his. To which we reply, in t
first place, that ninetysnine out ot every hu
dred boys naturally much prefer play to sfin
and that, moreover, the exceptional hundred’ !
plodder generally becomes a stupid min ; ar I
in the second place, that even were the i»
jority of pupils such monsters of precocious p>
severance as schoolmasters would have them
the routine pursued in most of our academ
does cultivate the understanding so much
the memory, especially as regards beginne
while some branches of exceeding importai •
are either not taught at all, or else taught so
adequately that they might as well he omil
altogether. The blame for this lies first v,
the small pedants who write primary text hoc,
crammed with technicalities quite incompreh
sible to the little learner; next with the .teach
who are cither unable or unwilling to imp
sufficient knowledge in an intelligible’ marine
Imprimis —and Great Britain is nearly
much at fault as America in this rgspect i
English language is shamefully neglected
nearly all educational institutions not only as
its more refined elegances, but in its fundamt
tal principles. Grammar is subdivided into
thography, etymology, syntax, and prosody, ar
of these but the first and last are included
any extent; etymology being so sluired o'
that it is a matter of every-day occurrence to
find in the sayings and writings ot the l» .
graduates of our best colleges words misused r
gross ignorance of their derivative meaning-
Now, to say nothing of the essential importam r
of thorough conversance with the strict uao ■»’
words to him who in professional or professor
pursuits endeavors to transmit to others theor ■
of facts elicited by his research, no qualilicat -a
for mere social intercourse is more desirable tl
tile ability to express one’s thoughts, be ti ( v
ever so commonplace, with . fluency and elj
gance; yet we meet, even among the uppern
class of our social scale, men who do credit t
their tailors oftencr than those who reflect ho i
upon their instructors. This may he pa
owing to the business exigencies ol our cm
mcrciai community, which frequently transp .m
a lad whose education is scarcely more than up
gun from a desk at school to a desk in .
counting-house ; but to a vast number of Di
stances this excuse cannot be applied, and w -
must refer the error to inefficiency ot collep ~te
discipline. We will not insist that an exhutts
tive study of all the languages whereon our own
is based should be made compulsory on every
student, but surely something besides Greek
and Latin should tie comprised in an etymologi
cal course. Nearly four-fifths of the English
words in commonest use are derived lrom the
Anglo-Saxon, and yet, so far as our experience
goes, it is not even pretended to teach this lat
ter in any of our leading colleges.
The vicious training of our common schools
is sufficiently manifested in the gross misappli
cation of words not only by their pupils but, in
the majority of cases, by the teacheis also. An
ifusurd affectation of elegance has supplanted
correctness of diction, and we daily hear the
most radiculous verbal perversions. Few of the
great middle class are satisfied to “go to bed” at
night like intelligible Saxons; no, they must
“retire ” —whither or for what purpose is left *to
tho imagination. One kindly makes inqurics
concerning the health of “your lady,” not
thinking that by conferring that title exclusive
ly upon your wife he implies an insult to your
mother, sisters, and daughters; another, wish
ing lo extend gastronomic courtesy, asks if he
may “ assist you to a portion ot tho beef ?”
Hundreds of other instances might be cited,
but our readers’ experience will doubtless
spare us the compilation of the burdensome
catalogue. Ignorance ot, or laxity in, the appli
cation of words, however, is by m> moans con
fined to tbe avowedly less educated portion of
the community. Even among those who have
adopted literature as a profession many gross
inaccuracies are perpetrated. To say but Jittlo
of the fact that half the weekly publications in
America are miscalled “jmirnjfc*' veu the
od ‘-oria! ilum.n ol our übj if new-r oers
abouc ; In errors o’ grammar, although our lead
ing coll eg cn hi. furnished a majority of the
writers of the pr*o.~.
'• he English >aa£U*k>, then, being :
V.ut impertei tly taught in o u r • -hr I ,„u
1. ges- let Uii aor 4 ■— ; *»o .neck .<■ a
• here - rod in this con-idemiio:. lee .* rctiei ■
wherein o. own ’r.graduate c 3 ’>cation-ha*,
been defective, «.q.’ wb»t ia desirable thru aiy
children should kr-ov' !■»> a h whi.
).- th- p satssor of re ;t, ppi- acity may attain
much erudition in ifdatiorvlo the Gerund in dn,
c Urtvi, article, the ‘uailies’ (whatever
those may be) of the Hellenic conic
sections, or spherical trigonometry. He may
be able to scan with sophomoivcalTCStliness the
most tangled lines of Latin pdetry,
wrangle in the disputations of hk “socieljii’JUs
to whether Horace’s first “asclepiadic.
choriambic, tetrameter,” or “dactylic pentameter
caialectic,” accentuating, however, in Wilber
case tile last member of a flissyHabit which in
prose he would pronounce diflerenffv ; he m*y
even be enabled to cover some twqPy pages of .
foolscap paper with mathematical l 'prcdictions f%
a future eclipse ; but, if he be destineand
mercantile career, how long must he labor |o
acquire the simple technicalities oi book-keep- «
ing 1 If he devote himselt to literature, lin
ing pecuniarily exempt from the necesSty,<®f
toiling for a livelihood, aim at TU
his case, how many years must be occ#fiidff by •,
a review of his past studies before ijp''Tearn#jto
appreciate the genuine merits of
writers, or to utilize the knowledge of their{
languages in the investigation of his own 1 Be
sides classics and mathematics, it is expected
that a “senior” who presents himself for exami-*’
nation should have a smattering of moral, men—,
tal, and natural philosophy (how very smatter
ing is proven by intercourse with eight out of
ten who are graduated) ; but, beyond these, our
sciolist has nothing to show for his degree. Os
his own conformation and the laws of his ex
istence, he is absolutely uninformed, and be- t
comes the credulous prey of a dozen ignorant
or rapacious quacks in turn ; geology, with the .
exception of an inkling of mineralogy, ethnolo
gy, the comparative sciences generally* are
closed books to him; yet his alma mater
crowns him “Artium Baccalaureus,” and sends
him forth as with a “finished education !”
But if such as we have described be the con
dition of masculine education, what language
may portray the “outer darkness” of the aver
age system for “finishing” young ladies 1 You
may see the victims thereof almost every fine
day in double-filed procession in the Fiffh
Avenue, in Walnut Street, in Beacon Street, in
the fashionable thoroughfares of each large city,
where ornamental vacuity is considered a desir*
able feminine endowment. They are erudite
beyond their years in the arcana of the toilette ;
they are profoundly versed in the effusions of
“sensational” novelists, both French and Eng-,
lish ; they are mistresses of the “Redowa” and
‘Deux temps;” but what else? The ordinary
‘rudiments of history and geography are includ
ed in their syllabus, though but small results
therefrom are displayed ini their conversation.
French is admiral ly well taught—so well that
English is set aside as of less moment, and the
“Parisian accent” enforced at (all seasons, even
after “school hours.” Enough Italian lore to
insure a tolerable pronunciation of the words of
operatic “cariti,” and great digital ambidexterity
on the key-board of the piano-forte (wi'h lit
tle, if any, knowledge of music), are sedulously
cultivated; and, perhaps, a mild regimen of
Mrs. Hemans, and an expurgated Byron,
stiengthened by a few Shakespearian crumbs,
may be added to the “feast of reason but,
having said this, we have, for the greater num
ber of fashionable girls’ schools, said all.
Bad as is our educational course for boys, it
still makes some pretense of fitting them for
practical life ; but 'with the futurs wives and
mothers of succeeding generations no plan is
followed which may fit them for the performance
of imperative duties—no precept is given them
concerning household affairs or the manage,
•ment of infants—scarcely anything that can
render them attractive in the intercourse of so
ciety or in domestic life is implanted ; but they
are dismissed “finished,” ornate nonentities, to
educate themselves by after reading, or to drag
out a frivolous, resourceless existence, degenera
ting, after a few years of amusement, into unin
teresting uselessness. —Round Table.
The Des Moines Valley Railroad will he com
pleted to Prairie City, 20 miles from Des
Moines, June 15.* 1 be Pacific Railroad will be
completed to Loup Fork June 1.
A young lady in Rockland, Maine, the other
night, in a fit of somnambulism, arose and cut
oft one-half of her flowing hair.
Naval officer Lynch, of Charlestown, having
declined taking the iron clad oath, Secretary
McCulloch omits to sign his pay warrants,