Newspaper Page Text
0L1) 3 IRIES, VOL. LXXV."
C Jjrouirlr leiiiinel
HENRY MOORE,
A. R. WR IGHT,
Reon ra'Uon-Sr. Unrein and Br, John*
son.
The 'eaders r,f the Radical party are at war
with the Ptc-idcnt on biu plau fora restoration
of tin- Ur ion. They accnse him of having be
trayed ibeit* atd charge upon him a
cb . r of opinion upon tbu great questions
grow n" out of the overthrow of the Confeder
ate Oovernment.
la a twi n* i , in; j>: th‘- paper we show
ed that P endent Johnson occupies turn tbe
(arr • position which he h»!d during tbe pro
gr* ao'>b • war, oa these i+uia. We propose
now to show that he ha?, in tbe conduct of the ,
,Cnv. rotneijit i, ince tbe overthrow of i he Corded- !
fcra e B‘iw.v. followed the line of mark
ed TiitKy’nfa' Repnbffr'n Party - iMwdf, aud j
v, nc i w iliustrati aby tbe arltuini tr tion of
Hr. 1 ticoin Prerident John-rm I, as been much
a. i; ■ ; of I t<* for l.lr rriatdy recognition of tbe
ii Ire of the St itet. His vetoes of the “Freed
mau’h Ru.ei.u Bill” and the ‘‘Civil Rights Bill’’
have beta denouncer in unmeasured terms, be
cin of his unan-werable arguments again**
the imconstitoliocaiity of tboseactsia breaking
down the reserved rights of tbe States. Al
though we have known Me, Johnson to have
liejn' i iife ;oog State Rights Democrat, we
have never seen anything from fcis pen which
w<o In i her on that s i j ct than the following
resolution, which formed a part of tbe ‘‘Chica
go Piatform” upon which Mr. Lincoln was
elected to the Presidency :
ll> ■ o-V </, That tin maintenance inviolate of
the iig ii of th fitatcs, and especially the right
of ttiic-i State, to order ad control its own do
in-si.e iueitutio is, according to its own j’ldg
iri»at,exciu3iv«ly, is essential to that balance
of power on which the perfection and endu
re' cr ofc 1 political fabric depend; and we
<l> n mce t e lawless invasion, by armed force,
of di • i of a y State or territory, no matter
ui.<it r a at ju. uxt, us among the gravest of
crimes.
The ve-.y men who advocated and voted for
tbe “Frecdmen’s Bureau Bill,” and the “Civil
.light, Bill,” declared in their party platform
•‘that Uih maintenance inviolate of the rights
of the States is essential to that balance of
power on which the perfection and endurance
of our political fabric depend,” and President
Johnson is denounced by them for sustaining
and defend ug tbe very doctrine upon which
the Republican parly obtained the control of
the liovr r irnent.
Another c! .rgo which is frequently brought
againot tb; i’/esident is, that while he was
Piov - ioual C iverbot of tbe State ol Tennesseo,
ho issued u proclamation directing an eloction
to be held for county t fficera, iu which he pre
scribed an oath to be administered to voters
requiring them to i wear that “they had never
nided ti; i r .oellion, cither directly or indirect
ly,” and But his p.osent position is ouo of an
tagonism to that which ho thou occupied. This
is shaitu in ‘y ami utterly untrue. That oath
was not retroactive in its operation—-it only
required of the party taking it that he would,
alter that, time, “heartily aid and assist the
loyal people iu whatever measures may be
necessary lor the defeat aud overthrow of tbe
airnies aud navies of the so-called Coufederato
Slates. ’ We give the oath iu full as we flu dit
in one of our i x lunges. the date being that ot
September iithh, 1»64 :
“lßOtmn v swear that I will henceforth
support 'll Uu siiiutioa ot the United Suites
ii|i,i (I,'toiKt it ngaiust the assaults ot all eno
ni'et; tun' I mu an active iriond ol the Govern
hi nt o; the Uui'eil States, uml uu enemy of
the m » c tiled Uoutederuta States; that 1 ardent*
ly , ishe iho HU|ppriSßu.n ot the present lebel
liou against iho Government of the United
Statu.-; that 1 Din Cute y rejoice la the triumph
ot Uu armies aud navies of the United B'aks,
nud lu th, dele a and overthrow of the armies,
navies, ill I of nil armed combinations in the
iutiic-i of the so-called Conlederate States;
that i will coidial y oppose nil nrmisticts aud
liegoln.ious ior peace with rebels in aims
uuul the Communion of the Uaiietl Stales, ami
nd oiw null i :0f 1 tuitions made in pursuance
th. ie, ! shall hu e.slaOliehed over all the poopie
ot every Mate and Territory out braced wiibm
the Nat, ui Union; and tout I will he.utiiy
aid and assist tae loyal people iu wnalevei
inewßUu s in ‘y hr adopted lor the attainment ol
ibesi. eudt ; urther, that 1 take this oath
fri.iy uud vo uniaiiiy, and w.tnotu mental
resitVaUuu. So h'’'p uie Uod.’’
W.i defy the moot ingenious Radical to find
any thing in this oath like the luloloient provis
ions of the'r own '“iron-clad test oath.’’ No
one is uquired to swear that they had never
given aid to iho OonlVderate States—to swear
that they never sympathized with those who
were waging war against the United States
Government. Th y were simply required to
sweir that they would, in future, neither aid or i
assist the enemies of the United States. A
guaranty for their future conduct, and not a
punishment lor the past, was whit Mr. John
son's oath required. Every mao, worn maud
chi.d in the South could to-day ccuscient oueiy
Bubscrihr to the oath r qmred ot the Tennessee
voters so tar as applicable to the chauged
elate ol flairs, but not one in ten thousand can,
without penj uing their souls, take the Radical
test o»'h.
Pres ilent Johnson insists that the Uaion and
tbo States was not destroyed by the ute civil
war. The Radicals couteud that it was.
Let us now t x ’mine with a little care the po
sition of Mr. Lincoln in this subject, In his
massage to Congress July 4th, 1 SGI, be says :
“L-rst there bo some uneasiness iu the miads
of the cam'd men as to what is to be the
course of the Government toward the Southern
Stati? after the rebellion shall have beeu sup
pressed, the Kx dive deems it proper to say
it will be hir purpose than, as ever, to be
guided by the 0 u-titution and the laws, and
mat he prof b v v ..l have uo different under
standing , . 'ho ; w. is aud duties of the Feda- I
ra! Govt .moat relatively to the rights of the
Stales o.'ifl ii people under the Constitution
thin that expressed in the inaugural addrtes.
H,- desires to preserve the Government, that it
may be administered for all as it was adminis
tered bv the men wbo m.ideit. Loyal cit'i ut
evetywliora a right to claim tnis ot then
G'-vorum nt, aud the Goverum-nt bas no right
to withhold or neglect it. It is not perceived
that in giving it there is any coercion, conquest
or subjugation in any sense of these terms.
In his annual message to Congress, Decem
ber. 1861, in considering the object of the war,
he says :
“In considering the policy to be adopted lor
suppressing the insurrection, 1 have been
anxious aud carelul that the inevitable conflict
for this pur one shall not degenerate into a
v.oleut aud remorseless revolutionary struggle.
1 hav., :lviv ore, in every case thought it
proper to k ij> the i> tegrUy of the Union pn mi
neid as th* ;r ~ ty *l>j el or Ike cental on lie
port. le.iv ug ail questions wtiica ale nol of
vital mi listy importance to the more deliber
ate action ot the Legislature.” ° ®
Alter th - terrible battle of Sharpshurg, in
the Fail ci 1802, he issued a proclamat.on in
which he said :
“fcUro'fiT, as hert-tofpre, the wirwillbe
prosecu'-eJ i r the object of practically tester'
inc the co .s’.iiutii u«t relation between the
Uuited Mai-vi .ml ibe people thersof iu llrwe
fcitates in wi-icn that relation is, or may be,
su-pended or disturo, d.”
Thvre is uo intimation here that the ‘-Union”
of tha States bad been, by the progress of tte
war, destroyed. On the contrary, he speaks
alone of restoring the constitutional relations
■ between tbe States-just what President John
j son has been endeavoring to do ever since the
1 termination of tbe war, and just what he would
long before this have accomplished but for tbe
j opposition of tbe Radical Congress,
, in bis annual message to Congress, Decem
ber, 1812, wefiod the following words, spoken,
j it must be said, almost in prophecy :
“Tbe fiery trial tnrojgh which we pass will
: light us down, in honor or dishonor, to the
latest generation. We say wo are for tbe
I Union. Tne world will not torget that we say
tuis ”
Yes, the whole Radical crew then said they
i were for the Union. Their whole cry w,.s to
p eoeve the Union. They enlisted men to
preserve the Union. They taxed tho people to
p'* eive ihe Union. They equipped armies, at
mi st enormous expenses, to the Union,
fhey burned our towns, destroyed our faims,
and blockaded our ports, to preserve the Union!
iir. Lfficolu, ItJUfiftSt as early as 1802. had j
seme doubts as to the honesty of 'tTfefrTottd’ l
| professions of anxiety to save the Union, and
| hence he tells them that what they then say
will be remembered against them.
As late as December, 1864, Mr. Lincoln is
sued a prcc'amation, which we believe was tbe
ti r st < (tidal declaration of any plan for a res
toration ot the Union, in which he invite- the
people of these insurgent Stabs to organzs
Slate Governments which he says “sbail be
recognized as the true Government of such
State. Here it is :
“And Ido further proclaim, declare, and
make known that whenever, in any of the
Slates, Aikansaa, Texas, Louisiana, Mississip
pi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida,
South Carolina and North Carolina, a numi er
of persons not less than one-tenth in number
cf the votes cast in such States at ti e Piesi<
deritial election of the year ot our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and sixty, each having
taken the oath aforesaid, (amnesty oath,) and
not having since violated it, and being a quali
fied voter by the election law of the State ex“
istlng immediately before the so-called act of
sfciision, and excluding all others, shall re
establish a State government, which shall bo
republican, and iu no wise contravening said
oath, such shall be recognized*s tho true gov
ernment of the State, and the State shall re
ceive, thereunder the benefits of the constitu
tional provision which declares that “ther
United States shall guarantee to every State iu
this Union a republican form of government,
and shall protect each of them against invasion
and, on application of tbe Legislature or tbe
Executive, when tbe Legislature cannot bo
convened, against domestic violence.”
In a letter to a prominent citizen of New
Orleans, dated July 23J, 1862, he urged the
people ot Louisiana to “set up a State Govern
ment, conforming to the National authority
undtr the Constitution,” and toils them that ;
“The the army will be withdrawn so soon as
such government can dispense with its pres
ence, and the people of the State can thou,
upon Ibe old terms, govern themselves to their
own liking. This is very simple and easy.”
Here is a distinct proposition made to the
people of the State of Louisiana, that they
organize a State Government, govern them
selves upon the old teims, to their own liking..
As soon as such Government should be organ
ized he was pledged that they should bo recog
nized as a part ot the Government of tbe
United States, and should receive tho benefits
and share the burdens of the Federal Govern
meat.
Oa the 11th of April, 1865, but three days
belore his death, he said, in a public address
delivered at Washington :
“We all agree that the seceded States, so
ctlied, are out of their proper practical relation
with tbe Union, and that ihe sole oljrct ot the
Government, civil and military, in regard to
those Slates, is to again get them into their
proper pract cal relation. I believe that it is
not ot’iy possible, bur, iu fact, easier, to do
this without deciding o even considering
whether those States have ever been our of the
Uuion, thuu With it Finding themselves
safely at heme, it would be utterly immaterial
whether they had been abroad. Let us all j>m
in doing the acts mce.sa.ry to restore the pro
per practical relations between these States and
the. Uuion, and each forever after innocently
indulge bis own opinion whether, in doing the
act , he brought tbe S ates from without tbe
Uniou, or only gave them proper assistance,
tbey never havn g been cut of it..
'J his then, is the chart which he laid down ftr
the guidance and direciicnoi Presideht Johnson
iu his tIT irts to restore the Uuion. We believe
that in ail his official acts the President has
faithfully carried out the views of his preden
cessor in relation to ths re-organiza'ion of tbe
steaded Stabs, and their re'atioas to the Fed
eral Government. He is now abused and most
virulently denounced by h s Jate supporters
because he has tbe manliness and courage to
insist upon the recognition of those views and
the adoption ot that line of poiicv which carried
his party into power, and for the maintenance
of which they are sacredly pledged to the
whole people ol the United States.
The people of the South are willing to ae
cept, and will accept in good faith the Presi
dent's plan of reconstruction. They cannot,
without a surrender of everything manly and
l onorble, submit to the terms proposed by the
Radical Congress. One policy leads at once to
union, harmony, good feeling, and confidence
in tne Government. The other keeps open the
bleeding wounds inflicted by the war, and
causes gloom, desperation and dispair to over
hacg and blacken the future of this once hap
py and prosperous country.
V.hat It Costs to tiovern tngland Her Ar
my and Savy. ,
The civil service, army, and Navy estimates
for the coming year, now before the British
Parliament, amount to £32,482,153, or $162,-
415,765; divided as follows; Civil service
£8.000,000; army, £14,095.000 ; navy. £10,388,-
153. Some of the items of these accounts, are
interesting.
The palaces cost £49,000, and £90,000 more
go for the adornment of the royal paiks. Fifty
thousand pounds are set apart for the erectiou
of a building to contain the natural historical
collections of the British museum, and a simi
lar amount for the purchase of a site for the j
enlargement of the National Gallery. The i
"Foor Law Commissioners” of England
\ Ireland and Scotland, entail an expense of
| £242.000 ; and the “Secret Service” demands
i £32,000. Printing and stationary cost £357,-
| 000, and the postage of letters on the public
| service in the department is £138,000. Edu -
j cation costs £1,300,000, and the number of
scholars is estimated at a million. The Colon
| ial rulers receive £IOO,OOO, aud nearly £50.-
i 000 go for the support and conveyance of cap
tured negroes and liberated Africins, and the
glares of the Mixed Commission established
under treaties with foreign powers for suppress
; ing the traffic in slaves, besides the expense
incurred in maintaming ships for this purpose
The army consists of 135.117 menot all racks,
divided as follows ; Regiments, 128,212 ;
| depots in the United Kingdom of regiments in
i India, 8 982; general staff 93 ; establishments.
I j4B ; educational establishments, 281. Os the
| total, 7 150 are olfi'ers ; 13,454 non commis
stoned officers, and 117 000.513 rank and fie.
j jtm militiry service in Canada costs £608,000;
! in NoviaScotia £193 000.
1 The navy comprises 765 vessels of all classes
: of which only 193 are in commission, carrying
3 936 guns. Sixteen ships carry from 70 to
104 guns in each ; and the it on clad fleet
cumbers eleven vetstis, carrying 216 guns
Twenty„eigbt war vessels are building ; one of
wh ; cb is ao iron-clad. Both the aggregate of
naval vessels aud of commissioned ships is less
i than tho a e of last year.
The British navy costs more than the Ameri
i can, according to tbe respective estimates for
the years 1866-7. The former is kept up at a
j cost of $50,000 000 ; the latter for $43,000 000
I The cost of the British navy is double that of
| our present establishment, the figures beiD s as
: 'ol'ows : Bii'ish $70,000,000 ; American $39,
j 000,000.
Pftutlcnt Johnson and the t aunts Flap far
Kecomrut bn.
Effnts are being made by a portion of tbe
Radical press, to impress upon the people of
the North the belief that the President ap -
proves the piaa of the Senate “caucus” for a
restoration of the Southern States into the
- Uiuwu..
President with tbe masses, and perceivTng the'
strong support and attachment of the people
which he is every day receiving, they now
claim that he is iu accord with them on tbe
great questiou of reconstruction. This shame
less dupiiciiy of the Radical press does not
surprise ua. We know that there is nothing
too low or too mean for them to seize upon, in
tbe prosecution of their objects. Their hatred
of the South is so intense, and their love of
power so strong, that no reasons of honesty or
justice wifi prevent them from resorting to any
artifice whereby they may be able to gratify
tbe one or retain the other.
But what must be the feeling of the great
mass of tha Northern people towards these
men, when they discover the trick which these
graceless journalists are attempting to palm
upon them ?
Tho President stands to day where he did
hroughout the entire period of the late disas
trous war. He occupies now the position which
he held in common toilh ilr Lincoln in 1801—
that a State could not voluntarily withdraw
itself from the Federal Union. He has ever
held that the ordinances of secession passed by
the Southern States were utterly void, and has
required the seceding. States, through their
conventions to so declare. In this he has but
carried out the view and policy of Mr. Lincoln.
Mr>. Seward in his late speech at Auburn, N. Y.,
declared that President John on’s plan of res
toration was nsi anew one; that he was but
enforcing the poncy agreed upon and adopted
by Mr, Lincoln's administration, early in the
progress ol tho revolution.
It is known that Mr. Lincoln held that the
Southern States were never out of the Union. If
not how can they be readmitted ? This is the
point upon which the majority in Congress and
the President differ. The Rump Congress in
sists that the Southern States succeeded in
destroying the Union. President John
son, following Mr. Lincoln, denies that
the Union was by tbe action
of the insurgent States, but that by force
of arms the power ol the Federal Govern
ment over the seceded States, was merely sus
perukd. Upon the surrender of the armed fotces
ot the insurgents, the laws of the United States
at once became supreme throughout the insur
gent territory ; all armed hostility to the Gov
ernment having ceased, the people of the
.'outh became at once and without further
legislation, subject to the laws and govern
ment of the Federal Union President John
son denies that any legislation, either by
amendments or the organic law, or of ‘the
statutes now in force, is necessary for the
perfect restoration of the seceded States to
their aucient relations to the Government.
The President says the southern States are in
the Union. The “Rump” says they are out of
the Uuion. Here is no agreement, but adi
vergence of opinion as wide as the Po es. Upon
this question the issue was made with tbe Pres
ident, and upon it both parties will go to the
people in the approaching fall electious. We
have an abiding faith in the good sense of the
masses, and look hopefully lor the results.
The National Intelligencer in a scathing re
view of one ol Forney’s late let
ters to the Presq presents th; issues now divid
ing the President Rump Congress, so
graphically aud terse y, that we give them
somewhat in lull os follows :
“Now, wuat is the record of the President a?
procla m dto the country ? As early as t,be
25th ot January last, in a conversation with
senator Dixon, of lionneciicut, Andrew Jjhn
son declared that he had strong doubts as to
the piopiiety of iurther amen Amenta to the
Constitution at this time, suggesting, however,
that if any changes were to ba made, they
should be embraced iu a bimpie proposition,
making iu each State the number of qualified
voters the basis of repr-sentation, and the value
of property the basis of direct taxation. Even
th.-se modifications he and and not deem at ail ne
ces6ary at the presen' t’me. At the Cabinet
meeting heid on the ti et day of May, according
to the pub.isbed accounts, the accuracy of
which has never been called in question, “the
President was earnest in his opposition io the
report of the Committee on Reconstruction,
aud declared himselt against ail conditions
precedent to the admission of Ic-yal represent
atives from the Southern States, in the shape
of amendments to the Constitution or the pas
sage ol laws. He Insisted that under the Con-
Biiiuiion no State could be deprived of its
equal suffrage in the Senate, and that loytl
beuators and Representatives ought to be at
once admitted in the respective Houses, as
pre.-cribed by law and the Constitution. He
was for a rigid adherence to the Constitution
as it is, and remarked, that having sustained
ourselves under it during a terrible rebellion,
he thought that the Government could be re
• stored wi’hout a resort to amendments He
remarked in general terms, that if the organic
law is to be changed at all, it should be at a
time when all the States aud all the people can
participate in the alteration.”
Andtew Johnson thus stands before the coun
try as opposed to all constitutional amendments
at” the present time, and to ail conditions pre
cedent to the admission of loyal representa
tives from the Southern States. He is there
fore necessarily.ccmmitted against the so called
Congressional plan, involving, as it does,
changes in ths organic law of the land and ser
ve conditions which must be accepted by the
8 uthem States before they can have a voice
in the deliberations of the National Congress
Instead of having exhibited an “appearance
of friendship to the plan of Congress,” we
ihink it may be eafelv assumed that the Presi
dent still abides by the great principles enun
ciated in his annual message to Congress the
following extra*s from which lucidly explain
the position he then held, and to which he,
doubtless, now firmly aflaeres :
But if any State neglects or refuses to',per
form its officers, there is the more need that the
General Government should maintain all its
authority, and, as soon a.- practicable, resume
the exercise of ail its functions. On this prin
ciple I have acted, and have gradually and
; qpietly, and by almost imperceptible steps,
! sought to restore the rightml energy of the
J General Government and of the States. To
: taat end, Provisional Governors have been ap
pointed lor the States, conventions called.
Gov mors e’ected. Legislatures assembled, and
Senators and Rep esentatives chosen to the
1 Congress of the United States, At the same
i time, the courts of tbe United States, as far as
ecu and be done, have been reopened, so-that the
:aws of the United States may be enforced
i through their agency. Tbe blockade has been
! removed and tbe custom houses re-estatdished
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE 20, 1866.
in ports es entry, so that the revenue of tbe
United States may be collected. The Post. Of
fice Department renews its ceaseless activity,
aud tbe Gtneiai Government is thtreby ena
bled to communicate prrmptly with its offietrs
and agents. The courts bring security to per
sons and property: the opening of the ports
invites the restoration of industry and com
merce; the post office renews the facifities of
social intercourse and of business. And is it
not happy for us all, that the restoration of
each one of these functions of the General
Government brings with it a blessing to the
States over which they are extended ? Is it not
a sure promise of harmony and renewed at
tachment to the Union that, after all that has
happened, tne return of tbe General Govern
ment 13 known on ! y as a beneficence ?
I know very well that this policy is attended
»itb some risk ; that fonits succe-s it r quires
at least the acquiescence of the States whicb it
c ncetns ; that it implies an invitation to these
•Rates, by renewing the : r allegiance to the
United state’, to'resume their functions as
States of tbe Union. But it is a risk that must
tie taken ; in tbe choice of difficulties, it is the
smallest risk; and to diminish, and, if possible
to remove danger. I have felt it incumbent
on me to assert one other power of the Gen
eral Government —the power Os pardon. As
qo State c-’.n throw a defence over tbe crime of
treason, the power ot pwwkm
vested in the Executive Government oftne
United States in exercising that power, l
have taken every precaution to connect it
with tb« clearest recognition of the binding
force of the laws of the United Ctates, and an
unqualified acknowledgment of the great social
change of condition in regard to slavery which
has grown out of the war.
“The next rtep whi; h I have taken to restore
the constitutional relations of the State his
been an invitation to them to pa’t'.cipate in the
high office of amending the Constitution.
Every patriot must wL-ti for a general amnesty
at the earliest epoch consistent with public
safety. For this great end there is need of
a concurrence cf all opinions, and the spirit ot
mutual conciliation. Ail parties in the late
terrible conil ct must work together in harmo
ny. It is not too much to ask, in the name of
(he whole people, that, on the one side, the
plan of restoiation shall proceed in conformity
with a wiiiingnesß to cast the disorders of the
past into oblivion; and (hat, on the other, the
evidence cf sincerity iu the future maintenance
of the Union shall be put beyond any doubtby
the ratification of the proposed amendment to
the Constitution, which provides for tne aboli
tion of slavery forever within the limits.of our
country. So long as the adoption of this
amendment is deiaved, so long will doubt, and
jealousy, and uncertainty prevail. This is the
measure which will effice the std memory of
the past; this is the measure which will mott
cerlainiy call population, and capital, and
security to those parts of tbe Union that need
them most. Indeed, it is not too much to ask
of the States which are now resuming then
places in the faroiiv of the Union to give this
pledge of perpetual loyalty and peace. Until
it is done, the past, however much we may
desire it, will not be forgotten. The adoption
of the amendment reunites us beyond all power
of diarupfioD. It heals tha wound that is still
imperfectly closed; it removes slavery, tha
e'emeut which has so long perplexed and
divided the country; it makes of us once more
a united people, renewed and strengthened,
bound more than ever to mutual affection and
suDport.
The amendment to the Constitution being
adopted, it would remain for the States, whose
powers have been so tong in abeyance, to re
sume their places in the two branches of the
National Legislature, aDd thereby complete
the work of restoration. Here it is for you,
fellow-citiz-ns of the Senate, and for you, fel
low cit zms of the House of Representatives,
to judge, each of you for yourselves, of the
elections, returns, aud qualifications of your
own members.
We have, in tho above extracts, a brief reca
pitulation of the steps taken by the President
■ o effect a restoration of the rebellious States.
Have tbe majority in Congress yet proposed to
un lo any of the measures thus instituted by
the Executive ? Have they ventured to de
clare nu I and void the election of Governors,
and of members of Congress, and the proceed
ings of State Conventions and Legislatures
which aided ia- the ratification of the great
amendment abolishing slavery, which repu
diated the rebel debt and revoked the ordi
nances of secession ? Have they attempted to
arrest the operations of the courts, to re estah
lisb the blockade, to ciose the customhouses,
and to suspend all mail communication? In the
case of Texas for instance, yet in a state ot
transition from anarchy to law and order,
havu they made an ffftrt‘o interfere with the
measures of tho President to restore that
State to aii its relations with the Federal Gov
ernme it ? Coagtess has, in fact, acqiesced in
everything that lias been done, notwithstan
ding they have charged usurpation upon
the Executive, and threatened impeachment
time and again. Such being the case, may they
not reasonably be asked to complete their por
tion of tho wmk by consenting that “tbe plan
of restoiation shall proceed in conformity with
a wtilingntßS to cast the disorders of the past
into oblivion,” and that loyal Senators and
loyal Representatives, sent to the nation’s Cap
itol by States and by people who in good fail h,
desire to renew thetr allegiance to the United
States, shall be allowed to participate in the
work of legislation ?
Finding the Piesident firm and determined
at all hazirdsto maintain inviolate his oath to
support the Constitution oi tha country, it is
-uggested by “Occasional” that “Congress
must, as it can, do the good' work without
him. The key to these enigmatical words may
perhaps be found by reference to the proceed
ings of Congress under ‘he guidance of their
“reconstruction committee.” It will be recol
lected that it was by a “concurrent resolution”
that it wat declared by both Houses, that “no
Senator or R ipr-Renta'ive stall be admitted
into either branch of Congress from any of the
eleven States which hajre been declared to be
in rebellion, until Congresi shall have declared
such State entitled to representation ” An
expedient by which to avoid a veto having
thus beeu discovered, it would now seem from
the words of “Occasional” that tesort is to be
had to “coieurrent resolutions.” Fearing a
veto, and failure to obtain a two-third vote,
the Constitution is to be evaded in order that
Ihe Executive perogative of the veto, so es
sential to the interests of liberty, may be ren
dered a nullity and party interests subserved
“Teunessee admitted, and then Arkansas,”
says Occasional., “even Andrew Johnson will
find it impossible to find a pretext for faction.
The door being opened for these two, the nine
others will speediiy foliow.” This is a con
summation most devoutly to be wished; and as
it is one for which the President has earnestly
labored, we hope the good work will be
achieved. Let the idea ot conditions prece
dent be abandoned. Guaranties are generally
demanded by the weaker from the stronger
party. To demand that the weaker shall give
guaranties to the stronger side is an anomaly
that should expose the fallacious reasoning
that urges a policy so unwise."
Ifesirabtesi
We have received from the publishers, Messrs
Thurston & Cos , 630 and 632 Chestnut street,
Philadelphia, several very exquisite publica
tions, or whatever else one may please to term
them They are in the shape of cards, upon
which are illustrated our Lord’s Parables, and
the ten commandments, designed for the in
struction of the young. There are two illus
trated shields, Marriage and Sabbath School
certificates, all of which are executed in the
most approved style. The colored cards are
worth 35c per set—the plain, 25c. The mar
riage certificate is a something all married
folks should have. The one before Us presents
au aDgel standing with uplifted imme
diately above a scroll, wherein are to be inscri
bed the names of the husband and wife. Just
above the scroll are places for the photographs
of the eonp ! e, and at tbe foot of the card is the
certificate of the officiating Pastor. Theee are
worth 50 cents. Send your orders to the firm
mentioned by us in the oat set. You will be
pleased.
During the month oi May there were shipped
from New Yore to the lately rebellious States
20.496 pounds of trunpowder, 54,539 pounds of
! sbot, 212 000 percussion caps, 156 721 ball
cartridges, and 1.165 gun; and pistols.
A WEEK FRO a ROBE.
The tJni'cd St-.tea Cos irt—Jufge bu«tteat—4. Mockery of
Jostle —’tale Stay law—Crops—An Ort gsnarian—A Ter
rible fctoim.
Ox thb Wing, June 9.
In a former letter I alluded to the United
States Court in session at Montgomery, wdh
Judga Bustbed on the bench. After spend
ing an hour or two in that remarkable tribu
nal, I was satisfied that I nysspelled the Judge’s
name, and that it should have been Busthead.
A more supercifiicut, coarse and undignified
judicial officer cannot be found outside the
Tombs’ Courts of New York.
Betwten badgering witnesses and indulg
ing curt, and insulting flings it the bar—
at which he grins now and anon a ghastly
smile—be manage? to make everybody feel
uncomfortable. If an agent to make the
authority of the Government odious had been
sought, I do not suppose one could have been
found better qualified to effect that object. I
beg to apologise to the New York bar for hav
iug stated, as informed.by a legal friend, that
the Attornoy General is from that State. He
i3 from near Dublin, in Ireland, and was living
Trf war came on, wherahe had
been a very good shoemaker. Leaving his
country for his country’s good, he went North
ward, and now comes back a very poor lawyer.
He has, as I state! in my last, libelled about
nine hundred casus, for treason ; most of whom
have been pardoned, the conditions of which are,
the payment of all cost3 incident to any pro
ceedings enterfd against them. In this way
the officers of Court aie filching from the peo
ple of Alabama thousands of dollars. I be
lieve the ususi bill of coat.? is S2OO. Avery
unfortuuate vay to promote a spirit of recon
ciliatioa, srd convert the miserable secesh
sinners. A snore hateful mockery of justice
never convened in tbe name of law than the
tribunal which degrades the ermine of the
United Stales Judiciary in the State of Ala
bama.’
Your readers have been advised of the de
cision of the Supreme Court of Alabama, on the
stay law. It is declared to be constitutional
so far a3 it allows tha stay cf obtaining judg
ments, but unconstitutional so far as it inter
feres with the execution of judgments ob
tained.
The bar here comprises an array of legal
talent rarely to be found within the limits of
one judic’al district. Among these, Judge
Rice, Watts, Chilton, Clopton, Clanton, are
conspicuous, and have a reputation wider than
the limits of their State.
Montgomery is a beautiful city, and though
sharing the prevalent infection of dull tlm93,
appears to be ready to enter this fall upon a
career of solid prosperity. It is surround
ed by a fine country, and settled by a pop
ulation exhibiting as much ct culture, re
finement and real worth as can be found
in any community in America. Its capital
is an imposing structure—its stores, thea
tre, bank and hotel buildings are handsome
specimens of arctiitecture ; while it 6 swell
ing hills' are adorned with neat villas and
elegant mansion!-, nestling amid trellised Vines
and noble shades, in full view of the river,
which sweeps in graceful curves through the
valley to the gulf.
Montgomery is admirably located for busi
ness . It is in a favorite line of travel to the
Wesr. If its railroad connections are speedily
completed, they will make it the junction of a
grand central thoroughfare from the Atlantic
to the Mississippi, and Lorn the Gulf to the
Ohio, but if the3e are delayed, Selma and possi
bly Opelika wiii divide with it the honors and
profits of centrality.
The Press of Montgomery consists of the
Mail, and Advertiser establishments, both con
ducted by expert journalists, to whom I am
indebted for valued courtesies.
The Advertiser is inaugurating a reform in
its typographic department quite novel for
this section—having’ some eight or ten young
ladies employed setting type. They learn
very rapidly, and evince great taste for the
“art preservative.” Type-setting is better
suited to the capacity and condition of woman,
than almost any other pursuit outside her
higher home sphere. She may pursue it with
out contact with the demoralizing influences
which meet her in stores and shops, and with
less injury to health than results from needle
work. There are hundreds of young ladies,
orphaned or impoverished by the war, who
desiro some employment which will place
them above dependence. We commend them
to the considerate notice of Publishers. There
is room in the fields,' and stores, and shops for
tne boys—let the Printer’s “Devil” give place
to the Printer’s A.\o el, selected from the pure,
intelligent and refined orphan girls of the
land. One of the young ladies in the Adver
tiser office had 300 bales ct cotton burned in
Montgomery during the Wi'sonraid. Instead
of repining in idleness over her misfortunes, she
goes nobiy to work at a* business suited
to her intellectual tastes. We commend
her heroic self-reliance to the impoverished
ol both sexes.
I telegraphed you of the disastrous floods
which have just swept over this section.—
The Alabama river and its tributaries
have been about up to the highest high
water mark, and immense districts ate
submerged. These lands, chiefly planted in
cotton, will have to be abandoned, or planted
in corn, for which the grass leaves planters
little time. I was surprised to find crops in
Middle and Western Georgia so good, after the
gloomy reports wo have heard. lam equally
surprised to find between West Point
and Montgomery, so bad. Cotton Is so email
and grass eo largo that it is hard to tell what it
planted, and corn looks sickly from excess of
rain. The etands of cotton are fair, and rather
better than on the red lands of Georgia ; ow
ing in part, no doubt, to the fact that fresh
seed was more abundant here; and if it be
possible to kill tho grass, there may yet be
considerable cotton mad?. Many talk of
abandoning one-half to save the other, and
iu many instances it will have to be done
But it is too early to make definite estimates
about the yield of cotton or corn. The freed
men are woiking very well, and with good
weather two weeks will change the whole
scene. It is gloomy now, beyond precedent
in the memory of the oldest inhabitant. I
allude especially to the counties of Chambers
Macon and Tallapoosa, bat the remark applies
with more or less force to nearly ail the country
between here and Augusta.
I have visited the charming town of Au
burn, and spent a day with an intelligent
planter in the' vicinity. I met here a number
of the best farmers in thic, the best cotton
growing cQuntv in the State, Grass—grass—
grass—and rain—rain —rain- are the burden
of every tongue. It has rained now five days
in succession, and— though the sun is oat glo
riously to-d-y—bets are freely taken, of a ju
lep “the first time ws meet rn Montgomery,”
that it wil! rain before night.
A terrible storm passed over the lower edge
of this county on Monday. It tore np thou
sands of trees, blew down all the fences, and
many houses in its path, killing a great deal ot
stock, and cempletcly devastating a belt two
miles in width and several miles in length. L
is stated that several persons were killed, but
I have not the particulars. A similar storm
passed over Auburn a year cf two ago, blow
ing down about lorly houses, sweeping timber
through the air, tearing cotton bales to pieces
and scattericgjtbem on the trees for miles. Ihe
path of the late storm was from Southwest to
Northeast, and your weather-wise readers are
welcome to elucidate the partiality cf these
tornadoes for this salubrious regiou. I learn
that this storm extended into Georgia, killing
several persons in Spaulding county, blowing
off the piazza from one of the Hotels at Indian
Springs, and playing havoc with crops, stocks,
&c.
I met at the pleasant and hospitable home
ofE T. Glenn, Erq , near Auburn, Rev. J.
Glenn, a venerab e Ocfigenaiian, who told me
that fifty years ago he was pastor of the only
Methodist Church in Augusta. He inquired
kindly after many of our old citizens, but Rev.
J ohn Mann and John Phinizy are the last of
his cotemporaries left, of whom I have any
JKte* oui wauretaiuj hi* faculrica
in a surprising degree—rea'd a
testament last night at prayers, and is about to
drive to town in hia buggy. How these rever
ed old men and women of the last century
call up memories of the past aud stamp them
with wiedom.
This (Macon) county formerly produced
about 30,000 bales of cotton. It is believed
that scaicely one fourth of that amount, will be
raised this year. It is settled chiefly by some
of the sterling old farmers of Middle Georgia,
and a more intelligent and orderly population
cannot be found.
'One of the officers appointed to administer
the oath of year, out ol 187 per
sons who took the o*, at one district, found
only one who could not write his name. This
officer declared that no like instance could be
found among a rural population, not even in
New England, the boasted land of free schools.
Dining with Frank M. Reese, Esq , at Au
burn—a genial sou of the venerable Dr. Reese;
of Jasper, and Tax Collector for this District—
we were treated to the best julep and best ci
gar ol the season—(“Frank,”—as he is famil
iarly called by ail—can tell a good thing when
sees it) —and a most appetising dinner, largely
compounded fiorn his splendid garden. We
then took a freight train for Opelika, connect
ing thence with the passenger train from At
lanta to Columbus, where you may hear again
from Abistides.
Columbus—lts Losses and ito Enter, rise—Preparing to Ke
bui'd—Railroid Connections— Crops—Macon— Atlanta
Home Again.
Homeward Bound, June 10.
Few cities suffered more from the war than
Columbus. The manufacturing establish
ments, most of the warehouses, the depots
and bridges were destroyed, with about 75,000
bales of cotton. Mott s fine Palace Flou ting
Mill, and the Empire Flouring Mill, alone
mark the vicinity which was vocal with the
busy hum of the various cotton and woollen
Mills when I last visited the city. The Eagle
Mills are beiDg rebuilt under the name of the
Eagle and Phoenix, of which Company Dr. N.
J. Bussey is President and principal stock
holder. J. J. Grant, Esq., is rebuilding the
Carter Factory.
Arrangements are being made to reconstruct
the Columbus Factory by Messrs. Clapp and
Metcalf. Messrs. Porter aud Hill are about to
rebuild the Columbus Iron Works. HMkvs.
Mcllheney, Brown & Cos. will speedily have
the Columbus Foundry in full blast; and the
old Variety Works are to be rebuilt by Messrs.
Clapp & Cos. Keith & Co.’s Machine Shop is
nearly completed. Messrs. Barringer & Mor
ton are rebuilding the Sash and Blind Fac
tory, Thus, in the midst of a depression well
calculated to repress and discourage all enter -
prise, tha thoroughgoing business men of
Columbus have gone vigorously to work,
to make the elements tributary to the work
of rebuilding the fortunes laid waste by the
red hand of war.
Messrs. Warnonk & Saulsbury, and Fontaine
& Hughes, are ere'cting very large Cotton Ware
houses ; and J. J. Grant, Esq , the enterprizing
owner of the Cotton Factory, is rebuilding the
warehouse formerly owned bv Messrs. Geeno
wood & Gray. Messrs. Bedell,Greenwood & Cos.
are organizing a Company to build a Steam
Cotton Mill. I have this from a citizen who is
posted, though it seems singular to resort to
steam as a motor when water power is at
hand.
The c’ay beds which surround the ‘city are
assuming the appearance of villages of brick
kilns, and in a few moulh3 Columbus will re
sume its old place as the moat thrifty manufac
turing city iu this portion of the South. A
number of Northern capitalists have been
taking observations here with a view to the
projection of other works. The water power
is ample, and all the conditions auspicious of
a grand future for the city. The only evidence
of fogyism about the place is the want of a
Railroad Bridge acros3 the river, on account of
which passengers from Alabama are subjected
to an omnibus ride of two miies. I believe the
depots are being slowly rebuilt.
The cars on the road to Macon are not
quite up to the connecting lines, some of
them, as well as the fare, being on a war
footing—the charge being 7J cents a mile. —
But our railroads bore so heavily of the losses
incident to the war, that they are entitled to
great praise for having done so much in the
work of reparation. They cannot make bricks
without straw, and I am sure the amount of
business just now does not justify very heavy
expenditure for improvements. You have
already noted the fact that the guage of the
roads from Columbus and West Point to Mont
gomery is being widened to correspond with
connecting lines.
I believe it is in contemplation to arrange a
through schedule by which freight may bo
taken from Montgomery to Savannah without
breaking bulk. Doubtless our Augusta and
Cuarleston lines will be ready to offer equal
facilities. It is evident lhat no real advantage
results from levying contributions on freight
and travel at the end of every railroad line.—
Columbu3 with her narrow guage policy,
and splendid manufacturing facilities, has
scarcely kept pace with Macon, where through
connections and a common passenger depot,
put all travellers in i rood, humor with the
placet and West Point has failed to realize the
expectation of its founders, from the c.cg put
upon commerce by the narrow guage which
forces travellers to spend a few dimes and
many maledictions by the delay. *
Currents of trade obstructed in this way, like
currents of streams impeded by artificial ob
stacles, either seek other outlets or break over
the barriers only to rush by with a more swift
and certain momentum.
Crops in this vicinity are extremely back
i ward, and the river and creek lands have been
submerged by the late freshet. Gras3 is ram
pant, and planters much inclined to talk of
ruin. The wheat crop in this section is light,
NEW SERIES, VOL. XXV NO. 26.
and Col. Mott told me that he should not at
tempt to run the Palace Mill except lor cus"
tomers. The area of cotton planted is usually
estimated at about two-thirds the crop before
the war, and few expect to make over half a
crop on the amount planted. This will make
the yield ono-tbird tbe old crop, and the esti
mate now appears reasonable.
Parties from the lower counties give rather
more cheering accounts of the crop. The area
of cotton planted is about as large as ever, and
though the crop is late and very grassy, labor
ers are improving the clear weather with a good
will and a half crop is regarded probable.
' lam carefully noting the results of free la
bor, and at the risk of being summoned, with
Bill Arp, Dsn Rice and other notables, before
the obsttuc*ion committee, I will give your
readers a few dots from my observations.
And first, I am agreeably surprised to find
the planters so well satisfied with the change
While the general opinion expressed is that not
more than three-fourths as much work is done
in a week, as was done when the negroes were
slaves, and not much more than three-tourths of
them are at work, still the savieg, in the sup
port of non-workers, and attending to the sick,
is so-great iMgMwMyUmlglflys
less'fnan nndef the old system. Many tarmhre
have told me that they would not have the
slaves back if they could. Several have
told me that they would make as much net in
come to the hand as they ever made ; and a
few report their prospect good for a full old
fashioned crop. But this last is tho exception,
and not the rule, —where from peculiar man
agement the old hands have all been retained,
aDd are all at work. In most cases, the wo
men are idle, and very few plantations retain
as many men as formerly. I observe that
many planters are taking to the field with
their sons, and where this is the case, the ne
groes are doing well. They will keep up with
a white man ftom a spirit of pride, more ef
fectually than even from any interest in tho
crop. 1 have noticed ssveral instances where
farmers are paying the hands one-third the
gross crop, furnishing subsistancr, and c’ivid
ing them into squads of five or six—each vieing
with tha other in the battle with Gen. Green.
The tendency is to abandon the old gang sys
tem, and give laborers an interest in the crop.
Wi-.h a large amount of patience, and eternal
vigilenca towards the large number of thieves
and vagrants, a fair share of prosperity may
be coaxed out of the new system ; but nothing
like the old amount of productiveness, or the old
amount of real comfort and thrift for the ne
gro. Freedom has emancipated the whites
from a heavy weight of responsibility ; greatly
diminished the labors of farmer’s wives—
in caring for tho health of the colored
children and the provision|of clothing for all;
it has greatly, cheapened labor. It has also turn- 1
ed loose a very large number of the blacks to
thieve, and loaf, and starve until death takes
them away, while those who work find it no
easy matter to support themselves and those
dependent on them. Emancipation has open
ed to white labor tho fairest portion of the con
tinent, and if those who own the soil improve
their opportunity, they may make it as benefi
cial to themselves as it will be fatal to those
who loosed the bonds of the slave. This is to
be done by selling and- leasing portions of the
large plantations .to small farmers from Eu
rope, who will raise but little cotton, while
every surplus dollar (which we formerly spent
for more negroes to make more cotton) should
be put into cotton factories, until our brethren
and sisters in Lowell and along shore who
have made so much money manufacturing
cheap cotton will fiud their occupation gone.
If we use them right, these radical measures
will inflict les3 evil on us than on those who
make them. Like the gun in Hudibras, which,
“Aimed at duck or plover,
Shoots wide and knocks the owner over.”
So the Rads, in seeking means of extorting
revenue from us, will break down their own
manufacturing interests and build up oura.
Let them alone.
At Macon, the Brown House confronts the
depot, and dispenses as much of comfort as
can be had at any hotel I have found. The
train from Columbus reaches Mac6n at 4 p. m.,
and that to Atlanta leaves the next day at
half-past 10. Thus, detentions are the order
of the day.
From Macon to Atlanta we observe the same
small cotton aud rank glass that we have
noted everywhere. Corn looks well, and the
wheat crop, which is being harvested, is the
best realized for several years.
The Macon and Western Railroad is in fine
order. I note, as anew feature* a car lor
colored people, from whiohj whites are ex
cluded. •
To Atlanta—a fine dinner at the Planter’s—a
long chat with Harris at the National, an
eiegantly furnished house, just opened—and
thence all aboard for Augusta—having been
gone a week and a day. _ Ari-tideh.
Immigration,
The following article from a Northern paper,
contains several pertinent reflections, which
we commend to our readers. We trust that it
will not be ten years before the tide of immi
gration wiil be turned Southward. Much,
however, depends upon the conduct of our
land-holders. If they remain quietly at home,
while Western interests are pressed forward by
agents and runners in all the Northern cities,
it will be long before Gur desire for immigrants
and the advantages in store for them here, will
be understood. We need Southern emigrant
agencies in Europe and in New York to fairly
state tbe inducements offered to Bettlers on
our soil:
Perhaps the most wonderful thing of this
wonderful age is the vast emigration from Eu
rope to the United States. At all periods there
uave been emigrations trom densely to
more sparsely populated countries, bat the
world’s history prosepts no parallel to the
present exodus from Europe. Literally—
the Old World seems emptying its pop
ulation Into the New. Additional stimu
lus has been given to the movement by the
close of the war in this country, the Fenian
troubles in Iceland, and tbe disturbed and
threatened condition of affairs on the continent
o! Europe. According to information received
by the Commissioner of Emigration, every
berth on tbe steamship lines from Hamburg
and Bremen are already engaged to the end
of this year, and sailing vessels receive propo
sals for the transportation of all the passen
gers they can carry. The number of emigrants
that have arrived in thiß country so far this
year is, in round numbers, about seventy
thousand ; and, with the advent of summer,
the season may be said just to have begun.
The emigration this year will almost certainly
exceed three hundred thousand, against two
hundred and tw„nty»3 : x thousand nine hun
dred and sixteen in 1804, and one hundred and
nicety-six thousand three hundred and forty
seven in 1865.
The western flow of pdpulatiSn from Europe
to the United States within the last two
decades is shown by the following :
1857 182,773
1858 78.589
1860 105,162
1861 65,529
1802 76,306
1863 156 844
1864 225,916
1865 196 847
1866 65 813
1817 129,062
1848 189.170
1849 220,791
1850 212,603
1851 289,601
1852 800,992
1853 284.945
1854.... 319 223
1855 137,323
1856 143 342
The great bulk of all thid foreign population
are settling in what aie known as the North
western States It is evident, if it is not so
already, that in a very few years the majority
of the people of those States, which comprise
the most fertile and soon to become the most
populous portion of the Union, must be com
posed of aliens. It is not possible to foresee
what may be the effects of such a condition
upon the government of this country. We
can, however, anticipate with tolerable cer
tainty one desirable result in tbe arising in the.
Northwest of a power antagonistic to and
counter poising the destructive preponderance
of the Government of tho New England fac
tion.
It is hardly necessary for us to state that
few emigrants find their way into tho Southern
States, notwithstanding the great demand for
labor here, and the advantages offered by our
climate. The State agencies from the West,
combined with tty? railroad runners and ticket
venders in tbe great Northern cities, together
with the foreigner’s repugnance to the negro,
and their natural desire to settle in the same
neighborhoods with their fellow-countrymen
that have proceeded them, suflice to sweep the
great tide to the regions beyond the Ohio and
aDd along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers.
Ten years hence, when the great Northwest
shall be filled up, emigration will direct its
footsteps to the rich .fields and sunny skies of
the South ; but even then it is more likely to
approach us by recoiling trom the West aud
descending the Mississippi than directly from
the Atlantic seaboard. Iu the meantime the
freedmen’s bureau will have demonstrated to
work.”
What the Fenlau War Really Is.
There is no question that a very large por
tion of the apathy with which tho Fenian per
formances are regarded by tho public is due to
the not unnatural enjoyment which people
take in the spectacle of the Canadians suffering
from raids. The St. Albans affair and the state
of alarm in which the inhabitants of the
American border were kept for nearly two
years, by the threats, of bands of Confederates
congregated in the Canadian' towns, have made
a deep impression on the public mind, aggra
vated, of course, by the “judicial 7 ’ proceedings
at Montreal in which Judge Coutsol figured.
It would be difficult to find in modern history
a case of more wanton and shameless conni
vance at a great crime on fho part of a highly
civilised and professedly Christian community.
Coursol was, no doubt, a corrupt and ignorant
man; but he would never have ventured to pa
rade his ignorance and corruption as he did if he
had not well known that Lis proceedings bad the
secret synfpalhy of his neighbors. Tbe Canadians
tried to flatter themselves that when General
Dix’s order was overruled by Mr. Lincoln and
the Young affair blew over, that all was over.
But tho press.here warned them the that real'
mischief of the St. Albans affair, and ot tbe im
punity enjoyed by conspiratorspon Canadian
soil, d<d not lie in the amount of material
damage suffered by the United States, hut in
the tact that they laid the foundation for end
less trouble in the future. The Canadians
laughed at these warnings then; they now
know what they mean. There may be powers
in the world strong enough to treat all inter
national obligations with contempt; but even
Great Britain is not amongst the number,
though she have Canada at her back. The
retribution may not always come in the shape
of open war, but it generally comes somehow.
Roberts and Sweeney are rather contemptible
instruments to serve as avengers of inter
national perfidy; but in this instance they do
the work pretty faithfully.
That this feeling of soreness on the part ot
the public here is pretty deep may by inferred
from what we have been submitting to for the
past month or two. We have witnessed, with
out tbe slightest formal indication of dissatis
faction, the creation ,of an avowedly foreign
government in this city, with the various de
partments and bureaus necessary for carrying
on military operations against a power with
which we are at peace. We have seen it com
mission officeis, issue bonds, and actually raise
an army, open recruiting offices, aud collect
arms and ammunition, and assemble great
bodies of men at rendezvous on our soil, for
the purpose of commencing hostilities. We
have had the commandei-in-chief of this
army traveling to and fro on our rail
roads with laige bodies of men marching
on "our territory under his command”
and have actually seen our lines of
telegraph cut by his orders, in order to pre
vent our own officers and police obtainingdn
formation of his movements. We have seen
one district-attorney flinch from arrestin ' him,
fearing he could not summon force sufficient
for his purpose, and have heard the same gen
eral-in-chief, when actually engaged in the
breach of our laws, warn him that he would,
come to grief if he meddled with him. We
have seen a hostile column leave our soil, in
vade that of our neighbors, fight on it, and
then fall back into our territory again, and the
foreign government which he professed to
obey issuing a general order, in New York,
promoting the man to a brigadierßnip for his
gallantry.
These things are hard to bear. No civilized
government ever bore them before from any
power not vastly stronger than itself. Austria
used to do this sort of thing in the small
Italian states, and Napoleon used to do it iu
those European kingdoms over which he had
set viceroys ofhißowu. Os course,
not have borne with it if tbe absurdity of tbe
perfoimance had not been go monstrous. Most
Americans, who paid any attention to tha
Fenians, dnring the last year, thought it was a
“little game” with which Irishmen not trou
bled with much occupation were amusing
themselves. We think it very unfortunate
that this impression prevailed 60 widely, be
cause it enabled the Robertses and the Swee
neys to persuade their dupes, who are mostly
ignorant persons, who have no means ot get
ting at the real state of American feel
ing. that the apathy they witnessed on
the part of the public and of the law
officers indicated sympathy with their enter
prise, and assured them of impunity in
carrying it out. They were thus enabled to
strip thousands of poor men and women of
large sums of hard earned money, to add to
the existing distuibance of the industry of the
country by drawing off large bodies of young
men to the border, and finally—what we con
sider more serious than all else—to set before
the hundreds of thousands of ignorant foreign
ers who reach our shore every year a most
dangerous example of the way iu which the
law may be openly defied and contemned in
their adopted country. If tha Fenian per
formances of tbe last six months have not
done much to weaken respect for law amongst
that now immense class of our population who
are still unaccustomjd to the self restraint in
which Americans are bred, German and Irish,
human nature must have undergone some radi
cal change. We greatly fear the Fenian or
ganization is not the last attempt we shall wit
ness in this country to supersede or set aside
the national authority, by bodies of men hav
ing little or no interest in the national welfare,
and using the national flag and the American
name as a temporary convenience.
What ah Old Duo Did.—A lady residing in
Campton receutiy owned a dbg, which, be
cause of age and infirmity, had ceased to be of
use. One day she remarked to a laboring man
connected with the family that she would give
half a dollar if he would take tbe old fellow
off out of the way and kill him. The servant
promised to do so if be might have tho doa’s
skin to make therefrom, for his own use and
comfort, a pair of gloves. At this stage in the
conversation the old dog, who had been lying
quietly on the hearth, arose, aad giving the
conspirators a look more in sorrow than in
anger, left the house. On a rise of ground not
far away he stopped, and gave a lingering gazo
at the house aud vicinity, then plunged into
the woods never to return. Ha never was seen
or heard of afterward.— CamardiN. II.) Stales*
man
The New Hampshire “Malish” are likely to
be summoned into service for the protection
and vindication of the neutrality laws in con
nection with the operations ot the Fenians.
The pledge signed by the captured F nians
is in these words : “Vie the undersigned ac
knowledge ourselves prisoners ot the United
States, and agree to abandon the cause oi Fe
nianism.”
The bill to establish a Department of Edu
cation in the City of Washington was defeated
in the House 00 the Bth, by a vote of 64 to 59.
The. Senate bill granting of way to
the Humboldt Canal Company through tho
public lands of Nevada has passed the House,