Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1866-1877, July 04, 1866, Image 2
Clpnirlf k Ifutiiifl
HENRY MOORE.
A. R. WRIGHT,
On. Tillson.
Tbo commandant of thin military district
appears to bavo giv. n dissatisfaction to a [>or
tion of his political frisn<Js.at the North, and
several' severe ciilicieims upon his official
course have appeared in certain radical pa[«Ts
of the brimstone school. Ilia chief otfecce ap
pears to be that he ha* elicited words of ap
proval from (hose who are called rebels, and
he is therefore declared to be an improper
representative of the Government. Possibly
anything that we can “iy will boos no avail
in correcting the false imprestion that has
been made in reference to the administration ol
Ills ollicial duties ; h it a proper regard for
the (truth, and for "what is due a faithful
officer of the Government, impels in to
correct the impression that Gen. Tillfou is pop
ular because of any affinity between his polit
ical views and llioso of the people of this State,
lie la regarded as a Itepublican, and has cn
more than one occasion, ho declared himself.
Indeed ho is regarded ns a Radical—though »a
believe him possessed of too high a sense of
honor and justice to endorse all the crotchets
of somo of his party leaders. 'Jhe approval
that his ollicial course hero has elicited, results
from tho fact that he is a well-bred gen-’
tlcrnan, aud docs not, as sumo officials have
done, take advantage ol his position to wound
or oppress those whocomo under hi ; authority
lie Is a man of firm common sense, and be
lieves that, the war having ended, military
authority should only bo exercised where tho
functions of civil law are disturbed or abused.
Ucnco ho has assisted and encouraged our peo.
pie in the administration of civil law, and the
wisdom of his policy is vindicated in the
marked progress that has been ma le in bring
ing order out of the chaotic condition in which
he found the social fabric of our State when he
came hero. The freedtuen, whose heeds had
been turnod by the mischievous iDtiuencc of
French and Bryant, and who thronged our
towns in idle expectancy of being supported
by the government, have boon directed by him
into industrial pursuits,’aud are faithfully dis
charging their contracts. These contracts
have been taken out ol the hands of Bryant
and others—thereby depriving them of a large
source of income, and given to civilians of
well-known character in tho various counties
in accordance with the State laws. Therefore
the occupation of Bryant and his crew is gone,
aud thoy aro opposed to Tillaon. They seize upon
every instance of ir justice towaid freedmen—
which occur much oitener in New Yotk or
Massachusetts, according to their numbers,
than in Georgia—to raise a clamor against that
officer. Unfortunately somo of the freedmen
still adhere to Bryant, and believe him a
martyr to their cause ; when tho truth is, as
we candidly believe, lie is tho worst enemy
they ever bad—worse than tho vilest task mas
ter that ever disgraced a plantation, lie is
doing them evil, and only evil continually, by
arraying them against the whites, and en
couraging a war ot races. Nor is this all. lie
provokes a state of restlessness and discontent
among tho freedmen which induces our peo
ple, who from long habit prefer the blacks, to
employ white labor.
The clamor of tho Tribune and other influ
encos, might possibly, caueo the removal cf
Uen. Tillson; bat such a result will boas great
u misfortune to tho blacks as to the whites.
Tho people have learned that thoy cau livo un
dor almost any Hort of government. If no rc
gard to tho wishes of tho peoplo is to obtain —
if there is to be no discretion exorcised—no ef
fort for and conciliation allowed—
but the policy of a given set of men or of a
given clique to bo rigidly enforced—tf we are
to bo governed us India is governed in London,
or as Algeria it) governed in Paris, tho load
will be shouldered and endured. New Orleans
bore Butior, and we can stand Bryant—though
may Heaven spare ns the hitter iniliction. Wo
prefer Tillson, and we shall bo very sorry it
this preference is to bo he occasion of iiis re
moval .
Statistics ©I Crime and Pauperism.
Wc are bo accustomed to hoar the destitution
and vico of our people magnified, that wo had
uealry boon convinced that wo woro tho poorest
and worst of Immunity. Wo know that in for
mor yours tho eensus tables footed up differ
ontly, and showed that, if we were more wick
ed than our neighbors, wo had away of obey
ing tho laws, which was very much to our
credit. Hut it lias boon so long since we hove
Been a census table that wo huvo fallen into tho
foolish habit-—on the old principle that figures
cannot lio—ot believing the distorted calcula
tions of our enemies. A glance at tho census
returns of 18t»0—to which access is just now
afforded us—has very much enlightened our
growing obtusity on tills point, and wo have
concluded to present our readers—who may
havo imbibed some of our own convictions
of tho poverty and wickedness of our people—
a lew extracts, showing that nt least before we
wore dospoiled by tho war, wo csuld with great
propriety claim some advantages for our so
ciology over those who boast bo much of thoir
morality and religion.
In tho Northern States, California, Connec
ticut, Illinois, Indiana, lowa, Kansas. Maine,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Now
Hampshire, Now Jersey, New York, Ohio,
Oregon, Pennsylvania, lihodo Island, Vermont
and Wisconsin, embracing a population of
18,917,753, tho whole number of paupora sup
ported with tho year was 140,238 native, 150,-
241 foreign. Tho number of criminals convict
ed within the year was 29,03!), native, 02,259
foreign.
In tho Southern States, embracing Alabama,
Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Ken
tncky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Mis
souri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Ten
nessee, Texas and Virginia, with an aggregate
population of 12.210,593. tho whole number
of paupers supported within the year was IS,—
018 native, 4,54 G foreign. Wholo numoer of
criminals convicted within the year 3,G77
uativo, 3,477 foreign.
In Maryland, with a population of 087,039
(as given in the census.) which is in excesss of
several of tho New England and Western
States, tho whole number cf paupers support
ed within tho year was 2,400 nativo, 1,815
foreign. Whole number of criminals convict
ed, 250 nativo, 33 foreign.
From tho tables presented in tho census re
port, it appears that the amount cf pauperism
iu, the Northern States was 1 57 per cent ol
the population of those States—o. 73 per cent
of tho paupers being native bom, and 0.83
of forolgn birth. Tho per centage cf pauper
ism in the Southern States was far below ‘.he
Northern States.
Iu the criminal statistics tho number of na
tivo criminals in the North exceeded tho num
ber in the South by 25,412, and foreign crim
Inals by 58,782.
Thus the ratio bf pauperism and crime in tho
North were in the year 18G0, ten times greater
than they were in the South.
It is in no spirit ol phariseeism that wg pre
sent these figures, but simply in vindication of
our social system against the blatant slan
ders of the nbolition journals. We claim no
special virtue, as producing these rauilts, but
regard them as flowing iu a great measure
from the rural pursuits of our people, which
are always conducive to virtue, and more of
solid comfort than flows from any other em
ployment.
We have enough of crime to be a reproach
to any people—and far too much to admit of a
>OMt ot our purity. For our preeent poverty
we are not wholly responsible—aud as it was
induced in what we deemed the vindication of
our honor, we do not esteem it a reproach.
Death of Dr. John Kenifirk ol Charleston.
Is is with feelings of more than ordinary
sadness, says the Courier ol the 29tb, that wo
announce tbo decease of Dr. John Kenifick.
lie was suddenly attacked yesterday with
apoplexy, and abont eleven*o'clock last night
his spirit took its flight upward, there, we
trust, to report* in eternal gterj.
Dr. Kenifick was in the prime of life, end
has oc< upied many positions of u-efulness in
our cori'inunity. Ho was lor several years re
turned as a member of the City Council for
Waid No. I, by a full and highly complimen
tary vole, which position he continued to fill,
to the sit'dacUon of his const if nents, until af
t, r the breaking out of the war ; and even
then, whilst a prisoner, and confined within
the walls of Fort V.'itrren, ho was again elected
by a very flattering vote, evidencing tho es
teem in which he was held by the entire
community. Us was also for a number ol
years un active and efficient member of the
Fire Department, during which time ho filled
th • important posit ions of President of tho Axe
Company and ol the Charleston Fire Engine
Company, being alro a member of the Board of
Fire Masterr. In a word, he was an active,
energetic aud nseful citizen—one who loved
his home beyond all other places, and thought
no sacrifice on his part too great to advance her
interest?. •
It is such citizens ns tbo deceased wan that
Charleston can illy spare at any time, more
especially .at the present when tho host ener
gies of all her sons are required for her recu
peration; but the will of the Almighty is su
preme, and we meekly bow to his fiat.
Wo tender to his heart stricken household
our condolence, as well as that of the commu
nity, in their sad bereavement, and trust they
will ho enabled tossy with Christian fortitude,
“Lord, thy will, not mine, be (Tone.”
Indian Treaties,
Intelligence up to Juno 9th from tho Com
mis.rioners appointed to negotiate treaties of
peace with the various Indian tribes of tho
Uppor Platte, has been rocoived by the Com
missioner of the Coneral Land Office.
Tho first formal Council was held with the
Sioux on that dato. Tho attendance of chiefs,
headmen and pooplo was very large. The
Commissioners read to them an address sotting
forth tho objects of their mission, and inform
ing them thut it was not the desire of tho Gov
ornment to purchase their lands, but simply to
establish peaceful relations, and to obtain for
them a recognition of the right of the Gov
ernment to moke and use, through their coun
try, such roads as may bo deemed necessary for
tho public sorvice, and for tho travel of emi
grants to tho mining districts of tho far West,
The principal chiefs responded to the address
of the Commissioners, showing a very good
feeling towards tho whites, and at the conclu
sion of the council expressed the opinion that
a treaty could and would be made, ami asked
for time to bring in their people, which request
was agreed to. Messengers have been dis
patched to tho camps of tho Cheyennes and
Arupahoes, and tho Commissioners hopo to 80-
cure the ntteudunco of some of tho principal
chiefs of these tribes. Another council was
fixed for the 12th inst.
lien. Wade Hampton.
No man won groator deserved popularity
among tho soldiers aud citizens of the late Con?
federacy, than Wade liamptou, the second
greatest cavalry chicftaiu, brought to notice
during the war. lie wae beloved at homo and
abroad, on account of intrepid conduct in
battle, and the faithfulnees with which ho dis
charged ovory trust imposed on him.
lie is now engaged in (arming, on his oxton
eive plantations, located about twelve miles
below Egg’s Point on the Mississippi-, Asa
means of diversion ho engages in tho study of
books, and occasionally abandons himself to
the excitement of the chaso. Tho General’s
former slaves remain with him, and aro repre
ented as contented and industrious.
For Chronicle & Sentinel.
Buck Head, Ga., Juno 27, 18GG.
Miters Chronicle, <b Sentinel:
I rend you the first cotton bloom I have
seen on my farm ; it is tho first, I think, that
has been scon In this county the present season.
I bavo been expecting to seo the announcement
in your columns of tho first bloom. Surely
you aro ahead of lie, away up here on the poor,
old red hills of Morgan. Tho cotton crop is
very backward, aud terribly in the grass. Wo
bnvo the prospect of about one-third tho usual
crop we had before tho war. If the rains con
tinue, a good corn crop will ho made in this
section. Not more than a half crop of wboat
has been made. Tho oat crop is quite short,
when? it had been sown in the fall, or last
spring before tho hard freeze. The freedmen
aro doing as well as could be expected. If the
millions ol personal indebtedness, hanging like
a dark cloud over our people, were blotted out
of existence, and our national allaira could bo
settled on the reconstruction policy of President
Johnson, then will industry and enterprise liere
vived aud peaco, prosperity aud happiness once
more look down upon us as of yore. But so
long ns the accumulated millions of indebted
ness haug over us, which was based directly or
indirectly on property long since blotted out
of existence, and our political affairs remain in
jeopardy, just so long will industry bo p.ira
lyzsd, and despondency reigu supremo.
Yours, respectfully,
Jkssb W. Jackson.
The Fact.
At tho recent colebration of emancipation by
Jamaica negroes at Ruatau, the spoakors aro
said to have declared that “emancipation was
good during health and prosperity, but in sick
ness and adversity the colored pooplo neud the
care of thoir old masters.’’ That is tho fact.
The race will not stick to each other in trouble
thoy will not nurse and watch the sick. They
will sit up and sing all night over a corpse, but
they cannot watch with tho sick and givo time
ly attention and medicine.
There is a great deal of truth in the above.
Cases have occurred under our own observa
tion, says the Federal Union, during tho
present year, where if freedmen had not been
nursed aud doctored by their former owners
they would have died. Many persons biro
freedmen, who do not stipulate to furnish thorn
medical attention or modicines when sick. It
is often the case, as we know, that the freed*
men have no relatives to aid them under such
circumstances. Who, then, is to care for them ?
If tho employer is a kind hearted man, he will
uot hesitate to render assistance to all such un
fortunates. But the Frqedmen ought not to
ask or expect the white peoplo to domoro than
they promise. They should organize charitable
associations among themselves for the purpose
of medical attention and medicines
for all those of their color and community, who
aro really deserving assistance. Tho idle,
vicious and immoral of courso should bo ex
cluded from its benefits.
Look out for Strollers.
We learn on yesterday, a gentleman on tho
Savannah Road hired a white man who came
to his bouse seeking for work, with two femail
children. The lady of tho house, who is the
soul of generosity supplied, them with milk.
biscuits and meat for breakfast. Soon after
getting breakfast, (.the gontleman having left
for Bnrke county) the man got up and threw a
ten cent fractional currency on tho table, and
started to leave. Upon being hailed by the
lady he stated that ho had put down on the
table enough to psy for what he and his chil
dren had eaten, •
This is a cool way to raise a breakfast. We
have heard of several freedmen engaging to
work, and after getting a meal, leave. Every
vagrant should be arrested at once.
[communicated.]
BanfiUdgnnienl-'.
Messrs. Editors : The banks in tho city ot
Augusta and, I believe, the banks generally
throughout the State, made assignments, and
some of them afterwards tendered through the
Governor a surrender of their char tore. Are
these assignments legal '! The Code of Geor
gia in paragraph 1,442 roads as follows : %
“When a bank turtcoders its charter, or lie
nee thereof, it may make in good faith an as
signment of all its effects for the payment of its
debts, as natural persons may, but it cannot
thereby prevent such preference among its
cieditors as tho law gives.”
Now J take it that a bank cannot make an
assignment until it bas surrendered its charter.
This, I think,can hardly he disputed. The
question then .arises, what is a legal “snrrenr
der V Plainly a tender through the Execu
tive officer of tho state is not a legal
surrender until tho same* is formally
accepted by tho Legislature by resolution,
which has been approved by the Governor —
for it appears to me to be perfectly plain, as I
believe it to be perfectly sound law—that it
will take no less authority to accept a “sur
render’ ’ than it took to grunt a ch irter in ah
nenco of special provisions. If ibis then ho
good logic, that is to say—if no assignment,
canbs made until a legal surrender be made,
and if no surrender be legal, except that
which is accepted by the same authority which
granted the charter—tho conclusion appears
to mo irresistible that tho assignments as made
arc nugatory. No assignments at all, because
the stockholders had no law for their action.
Tho aigument extends, of course, to all acts of
thoasigner.
Ido not desire to pursue argument
further, however, at this time, nor in this man
ner—but Ido desiro that those interested may
examine this matter closely, an 1 am quite sure
that thin point will bo made at no distant day,
perhaps to the detriment of those acting as
well as for those for whom thoy are acting.
A Friend of Rei.iek.
[communicated. ]
irt ml uud the I'cnkup.
In the course of our readings wo camo across
the following observations! oa tho condition of
that ill-fated country, Ireland, made by tho
poet, Edmund Spencer, in tho reign of Queen
Elizabeth, nearly three hundred years ago
The prosent movement of the Fenians, and the
probable result of it, makes the remarks appear
almost prophetic. The great poet, about
1583-4, went out as Secretary to the Lord Dep
uty of Ireland, (Lord Grey, of Wilton,) and re
mained somo two years, in 15SG ho obtained
from tho crown a grant of over 3,01)0 acres of
land in the county of Cork, belonging to the
Earl of Desmond—Sir Walter Raleigh obtained
(rom the samo dstate over 15,000 acres. The
copditions of the grant to the poet were, that he
should reside upon his estate ; and ho accord*
ingly took up his renidenco at Kilcoiman Cas
tle. gome eight or ten years after, tho natives,
with whom ho appears to have been officially
vory unpopular, attacked .and plundered his
residonce, and ho was obliged to return to Eng
land, where he shortly afterwards wrote a de
fence of tho measures adopted by tho crown
for the government of Ireland. His expulsion
from his cheaply acquired home, may have os
sisted, perhaps, in making the Irish appear it
corrigible in hiseyes. Bo that as it may, h
remarks seem singularly applicable at the
present timo, to the condition of this unhapp
people. He observes :
“They say it is fatal to tho destiny of tiia;
land that no purposes whatsoever which ar ■
meant for her good, will prosper or take goo;
effect ; which, whether it proceed from th*
very genius of tho soil, or tho infiuenco of tho
stars, or that Almighty God hath not yot ap
pointed the timo of reformation, or that he ro
sorveth her in this unquiet state still for some
secret scourge which whall by fur come iuto
England, is hard to be known, but much to be
feared.”
Thus wrote a great mind in IG‘JG, two hun
dred and seventy years ago. May not tiio Fe
nians have cauEO to say the samo in 18GCT
State Items.
A band of maraudors robbed tha ma iis, noar
Morganton, on Thursday the 14th.
Ban the freedman, who made an assault on
An old far was robbed of four hundred and
ton dollars, in Savannah, Monday night.
Mr. J. L. Riley, and aged and prominent
citizen of Dahlonega, died last Saturday week.
Peaches and apples aro selling at $1 per
peck in the Columbus market. Watermelons
sell at 25ca51.00.
The reported killing of John 15 race, in n
difficulty at Tulbotton, has proven to be uu
true.
Mr. Clieok a short time since in Macon was put
on his trial beforo the [Bibb®ounty Superior
ou Wednesday. The charge was : Assault with
utont to kill. Tho Jury returned a verdict of
guilty.
The Signal says the Lumpkin County
Court was organized on Monday tho 18th.
Thomas Trulove for killing his neighbor's
muh?, and Wm. Dobtson for assault and bat
tery, were found guilty. Trulovo was sentenced
to pay a fine of SIOO, or receive 39 lashes on
bis back—failing to pay the lino, ho received
the thirty-nine lashes on his bare back in the
public square. Dobtson, to work on the street
for three months, but refusing to work, ho is
now imprisoned to await orders from the
Governor,
On Wednesday the 20th, the boiler of tbo
Albany Machine Shop, owned by Messrs. N &
A. F. Tift, exploded causiug severe injuries to
Mr. Alex. Brown, and to the uegio fireman.
Another nogro had an arm broken by a brick
thrown from the furnace. Mr. Brown is doing
his and well.wounds are not considered dan
gorous. The firoman is also doing well. Gao
end of the boiler wont through tho shop, car
rying away considerable parts of the two walls
and destroying some machinery in its course
Lose about s3,ooo—no insurance. The cause,
of the accident is not yet fully developed.
Tho Bainbridge Chart and Compass of the
33rd says a difficulty occurrol in that place
the Saturday provious, between Goo. C. San
ders and John Hughes, which resulted in the
killing of the latter by tho former. It seems
that Hughes, uudor the inlluence ol liquor,
struck Sanders with a crutch—which he had to
use in Walking—when Sanders retreated some
distance, drawing a pistol and threatening to
kill him If ho approached. Hughes disregard
ing the threat, advanced towards Sanders, who
fired at him threo times, one ball entering tho
left breast, produced his death on the follow
ing Monday morning. The general impres
sion seems to be that Sanders was justifiable
In killing his antagonist under the circum
stances.
The remains of Mrr Edward C. Koliock,
arrived at Savannah by the steamship Cumber
land, from Baltimore, Wednesday morning
last, and were escorted from the boat to the
family residence by a delegation of the Savan
nah Volunteer Guards Battalion and Metro
politan Fire Company, in citizens drees. At
5 o’clock in the afternooa the funeral rites
wore performed at Christ Church in the pres,
euco of a large attendance of relatives and
friends, and the funeral was attended by the
members of thß Guards and Metropolitan Fire
Company, Tho funeral services at the church
were conducted by the lit. Rev. Stephen El
liott, D. D , assisted by the Rev. Mr. Cooley.
The hearse wae iollowed by quite a large num
ber ot colored persons, servants attached to
the family of tho deceased, who testified their
affection for their deceased master by attends
ing the funeral in a body. Several of them
bore wreaths of evergreens to bedeck the
grave of one who, by his many virtues mid
kind treatment, bad won their enduring grati
tude.
The Tariff BUI.
The following ate the main features of
tariff bill reported 1)y Mr. Morrill :
The duty on the manufacture of bra3sis in
creased Irom 35 to -10 per cent., and on brass
in bars and pigs from 15 to 30 per cent, ad
valorem; on -copper ore, from 5 to 15 per
cent.; on copper in pigs, ingots, aud bars, from
21 to 5 cents pet pound; oa lead ore, from 1 ]
to 2$ cents; lead in sheets, from 2 to 3A cents
per pound; on sugar of lead, from 2d* to 30
cents a pound; on paddles and blisters of steel,
the proposed duty is 31 cents per pound; ou
cast and shear steel, valued at. not over seven
cents per pound, 41 ( eats per pound; over 7
cents per pound, 5 cents per pound; ou steel
wiro rope, G cents per pound; and 20 per
cent advalorem. Iron has been reclassified
and the duty ou all descriptions larg ,*ly in
creased. On iron bars it has been raised one
fourth cl a cent p?r pound; on iron bars
rolled and hammered, onu-half of a cent per
pound; on all slzss of oval, fluff oval, and bah
round iron the duty is increased to two and a
half cont3 per pound; on plated iron, thicker
than three sixths of an inch, to two cent?; on
iron sheets thinner than No. 11l and thick.-! than
No. 18, wire gunge, to two and a i.ail
cents; on sheets thinner Ilian ij<>. 22, to two
and threo fourths; ou polished sheet iron, to
tour cents per pound; ou chains and cables,
from three to five cents per pound; wrought
iron washers and nuts, to threo and a half
cents; wrought iron tubes, liingii*, and anvils*
four cents; cut nails and spikes, two cents;
railroad splice bars or chairs, two ami a half
cents a pound; on railroad iron the duty is in
creased from seventy cents io one dollar per
hundred weight, although the internal duty is
to be taken off; Ou coal the ditty is reducod
from one dollar and twenty-five cents a ton to
fifty cents. The duty on paper is left uu
changed, notwithstanding it is to be excepted
from internal tax, so that the paper muuufac -
turers will have additional protection; ?® earth
enware the duty is placed at fifty per cent, ad
valorem; on llax seed, thirty cents a bushel,
and on linseed oil, thirty cents a gallon; on
oxides of cobalt, thirty per ce-nt. ad valorem;
on linen, valued under thirty cents a yarl, six
cents a yard and thirty per cent, ad valorem;
when valued over thirty e. ids and below sixty
cents a yard, two cents a yard and thirty-five
per cent, ad valorem; when valued over sixty
cts, aud under one dollar, fifteen cts per yard
and thirty-five per ct. ad valorem; when valued
abovo one dollar, twenty cents per yard and
thirty-live per cent, ad valorem ; on ail other
descriptions of linen, forty per cent, a 1 valo
rem ; on cigars the rate is fixed at two dollars
and a half per pound and fifty per cent, ad va
lorem. Duties on wines aro as follows :on ail
wines not entered at over twenty-live cents per
gallon, including packages, lorty cents per
gallon ; on wines valued at over seventy-five
cents, and loss-than one dollar per gallon, in -
cluding packages, seventy-live cents per gal
lon, the duties on tho twit (flasMia to take the
placo of the present specific and ad valorem
lutes ; on wines valued at over one dollar per
gallon, including packagA, a rate* f one dollar
per gallon, and twenty-five percent, ad valo
rem. When wine is imported lu bottles, one
dollar jer dozen additional Is charged, tho
packages to be not less than a ft*. in (ffcort or
two dozen pint bottles ; when imported in
bulk, to be in casks, containing not less than
thirty-one gallons each. No change is recom
mended in the duty on champagne, wines and
liquors ; tho duty on Paris white is to be one
and a half cents per pound ; on chalk and cliff
stone it is reduced from ten dollars to five dol
lars per ton ; table cutlery, with ivory or moth
er-of-pearl hindles, is to pay one dollar per
dozen, and fiity per ccut. ad valorem ; all oth
er cutlery fifty per cent, ad valorem ; wool and
manufacture oi wool are divided into threo
classes, namely : clothing wools, combing
wools, and carpet wools, aud other similar
wools.
The duty upon wools of the first-class, tie
value whereof at tho last port or place whence
exnorted to the United states, excluding
■ mg-. ch pod, shall be fhi, -two cents
or ;c- i pound, sficUbo ten cent- per pound,
‘.iiition thereto t .<;> per ad valq
i i I edu s upon wools ot the same class,
i at. wher f r at the ia< t or place
. etc. e.rpor i.". .’ « ' and ’ ss, exclud*
' iirr charges \u .'-m* .; i’ sod thirty*
• > coots per mo : ■ . e cents per
p ;d, arid it- ddll ; >u - • t>’ r pound ad
valorei.
Tha ui j .p-.it w and class, up
-1 o> ,ul ' b '» < ■ . u other like
; mini. ' i i ; a.v . st place or
I poit -xuriit. •; to . i led States,
■ bo thirty?
iwo cent ’ > • '.mue e ten cents
j j-- r i; ... -a dmo i ten per
! - .v i:D' .-. f oola of tho
id I . t the last
I ihv t» i< “«• - . .ho-United
>orfs shall
■Killed *’!. -;ofc , shaH bo
i .. r > ei*- , ,rd lion thores
r a pi* 1 - ow '. ad vu It
| H;,- du l .- ..uu 1 class, the
vai'iii wh 1 .4 at the . ice whence
I exposte. to the excluding
barges h . -'.cp por a cents or
tens j- ml,’ ■ibuß por pound,
Y„,e g. . a clans, tho
value whereof at the last piiu.o or port whnnee
oxported to tho United States, excluding
charges in such port, shall excoed twelve cents
per pound, shall be six ceut3 per pound. On
sheepskins raw or unmanufactured, impoitod
with the wool, washed or unwashed, thirty
per cent ad valorem. On woolen rags, shod
dy wasto aud [locks, twelve cents per pound.
On woolen cloths, woolen shawis, and all
manufactures of wool of every description,
made wholly or in part ot woo!, not otherwise
provided for in this act, forty six cents per
pound, and in addition thereto, .thirty-five per
cent ad valorem. On flannels, blankets, end
loss Jjbelts or belts for paper or printing
machines ; hats, of wool, knit goods, Ini morals,
woolen and worstod yarns, and all manufac
tures of evory description, composed wholly or
in part of worsted, hair of the 'alpaca goat or
other like animals, except such as aro
composed in part of wool, not otherwise
herein provided for, valued at not exceeding
'4O cents per pound, 25cents por’pound; valued
'at above lorty cents par pound, aud not ex
ceeding sixty cents per pound, thirty-five
cents per pound ; valued at above sixty cents
par pound and not exceeding eighty cents por
pound, forty-five cants per pound ; valued at
eighty cents per pound, lifty-threo cents por
pound, and in addition thereto on all tho
above named articles thirty-five per cent,
ad valorum. Oa women’s and children s dress
goods and real or imitation Italian cloths,
composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted,
the hair of the alpaca goat or any like animal,
valued at not exceeding 20 cents the square
yard G cents the square yard, ana in addition
thereto 35 per ccut ad varolum ; valqcd at
above 20 cents the squaro yard, is cohlh lhe
square yard, and in addition thereto 45 per
cunt ad valorem : Provided, that on-all goods
weighing lour ounces and over per spiare
yard, tho duty shall be 53 cents per pound,
and in addition thereto 35 por cent ail va
lorem ; on clothing ready made and wearing
apparel of every discretion, composed wholly
or iu part of wool, worsted, hair of the alpaca
goat or other like animals, made up to
manufactured wholly or in part by the jaiior,
seamstress or manufacturer, except knit goods
fifty-three cents por pound, and in addition
thereto forty-livo per cent, ad valorem ; on
Aubusson and A-xminstc-r carpets, woven
whole for rooms, fifty per cent, ad valorem; cn
Saxony, Wilton, and lournay velvet carpets,
wrought by the Jacquard machine, seventy
five cents per square yard, and lu addition
thereto thirtydive por cent, ad va'nieni; on
Brussels carpets, wrought by the Jacquud ma
chine, 48 cents per square yard, and in addi
tion thereto 35 per cent, ad valorem; on patent
velvet and tapestry velvet carpets, print'd on
the warp or otherwise, 44 cents per iquare
yard, and in addition thereto 35 per ctut. ad
valorem; on tapestry Brussels carpets, printed
on the warp or otherwise, 30 cents per iquare
yard, and in addition thereto 35 per can. ad
valorem; on treble iugrain, three ply and
worsted chain Venetian carpets, nineteen cents
per square yard, and in addition thereto thir—
ty-five per cent, ad valorem; on yarn, Venetian,
and two-ply ingrain carpets,' fourteen cents
per square (yard, and iu addition thereto
thirty-live per cent, advalorem; on druggets,
and bookings, printed, colored, or otherwise,
twenty-five cents per square yaid; on hemp or
jute carpeting, Bix and a half cents per rjuarc
yard; on carpels and carpeting of wool, Has,
or cotton, or parts of either, or other material
not otherwise specified, forty per cent, cd va
lorem : Provided, That mats, rugs, screens,
covers, hassocks, bed-sides, and ether portions
of carpets or carpetings shall be subjected to
the rate of duty herein imposed ou carpets or
carpeting of like character or description, and
that the duty on all other mats not exclusively
of vegotable material, screens, hassocks, aud
rugs, shall be forty-five per cent, ad valorem;
on oilcloths for lloors, stamped, painted, or
printed, valued at fifty cents or less per iquare
yard, forty per cent, ad valorem: valued al
over fifty cents per squaro yard, aud on al
other oilcloth, except silk oiieioth, fifty per
cent, ad valorem.
Governor Bramlette, with that generosity so
cuaracterislic of the brave soluier-and true
gentleman, has ordered headboards to be
placed at the bead of ‘each soldier's grave, in
the Franktert Cemetery, both Union and
Confederate
TBISTY-SITTH COXURESL
first Session.
MONDAY, JUNE 25, 1556.
SENATE.
Mr. Poland offered a resolution. which was
adopted, requesting tho Committee on Public
Buildings and Grounds to inquire whether n
tract of land of 350 acres, adjoining or very
near tho citv, can be purchased for the purpose
of a public park and erection of anew Presi
dential mansion, which said tract shell com
bine convenience of aceos*. good water, and
capability of adornment.
Mr,, Wilson, from tho Committee on Military
AtTdrs, reported the bill to extend section
iourof an act making appropriations for the
year ending June 30, 18CG. The fourth sec
tion in question relates to a provision allowing
three month’s (extra) pay proper on being
mustered out of the service, or otherwise hon
orably discharged This hills so amends that
se. tloff a3 to extend iU benefits to officers in
service on the 31 of March, 1305, or discharged
after that date. The committee’s amendment
strikes out “that date,” and inserts “Oth day
of April, 1805 ”
A hill to provide for tho payment of Quar
termasters’ stores furnished to tho army, was
discussed at leueth.
The morning hour having expired, tho spe*
cial order, boiug the tax bill, was taken up
and considered.
A l;i#s number of verbal amendments wore
agreed to.
Mr. Davis said this whole bill proceeded upon
tho supposition that all tho people were knaves
and scoundrels. It was stud led thick with:
oaths and was calculated to degrade the peo
ple. Many of tho regulations wore unnecessa
ry, harsh and vexatious 110 alluded to tho
onerous conditions imposed on distillers, and
moved new to amend by striking out t.no pro
vision requiring thorn to keep a record c?f and
repo’rt overy day tho number of gallons dis
tilled, &c.
Mr. Fessenden said all tho provisions in the
bill were requisite to guard ogaiust fraud.
The question was taken on the amendment
of Mr. Davis ; wiiieh was disagreed to.
Mr. Fessenden off jred an amendment, which
was agreed to, that no suit shall be brought in
any court for tho recovery of any tax alleged
to have been erroneously or illegally assessed
orcMlectod, until after an appeal shall have
boon made to tho Commissioner of Internal
Revenue.
Hr. Henderson moved to amend by striking
out tho first section, and inserting, that from
and after the passage of this act thoro shall he
do tax on raw cotton.
Mr. Trumbull moved aa amendment to
make fbe tax on sboildy wool manufactured
from woven doth five cents per pound ; which
was agreed to
Mr. Harris offered an amcmimout, excepting
from tho tax on circulation such banks whoso
charters had expired prior to tho act of June
’30,18(11 ; which was agreed to.
.Mr, Sprague moved to amend by adding
ilax and the manufactures therefrom tr the
free list. Adopted.
Mr. Anthony offered an amendm- nt, that
tiie income list shall bo opened to public in
spection, but shall.not be fiftuished for publi -
cation.
Mr. Anthony said the publication of these
list* was extremely odious.
Thu amendment was disagreed to.
Mr. Sherman offered an amendment, that
the tax on eirculatiomshall commcuce on tho
Ist of August next, instead of July 1, ISG7.
Agreed to.
Mr. Edmunds moved to make the tax on
raw cotton threo cents per pound. Disagreed
to.
The bill was then road a third time and
passed,
Tho Senate theD, at 5.50 P. M. adjourned.
HOUSE.
The Speaker laid before the House a commu
nication from tho President of the United
Slates, transmitting, in answer to a resolution
of tho House, of tho 18th instant, a commu
nication from the Secretary of State, contain
ing certain information relative to recent ar
rests of alleged American citizens in Ireland.
The Secretary of State says that, upon the rep
resentation of our consuls in Ireland, most of
those arrested had been released. The com*,
municatipn was referred to the Committeo on
Foreign Allaire.
Mr. Waahburne, ol Illinois, suggesteda mod
iiication so as to make the increase of pay ter
minate with tho Thirty-Ninth Congress. The
modification was accepted, but much opposi
tion was'made to the resolution, and the ques
tion was taken by yeas and nays, and decided
in tho affirmative. Yeas 88, nays 20.
Mr. Woodbridge introduced a resolution au -
thorizing the Clerks of the House of Represen
tatives to pay to all clerks and employees of
the House whose salaries aro $1,200 or less, a
sum of monoy equal to twenty-five per centum
on the amounts now received, said extra com
pensation to be allowed only during tho pros
sent, Congress. The resolution was agreed to.
Mr. Le Blond, of Ohio, and Mr. Eldridgo, of
Wisconsin, upon the call of the yeas and nays,
voted tyo, but subsequently changed their
votes, and explained that (they did so for tho
reason that tho resolution included the chap
lain.
• Mr. La Blond Baid the chaplain had done
nothing since Congress opened except to pray
abolition prayers.
Air. Biaino, of Maine, offered a resolution,
which was agreed to, fixing the salary of tho
Librarian of the House at $1,500 per annum.
Mr. Perrin, of Maine, introduced a resolu
tion setting forth that one J. E. Bryant, of
Oxford, Ma ! ne, was recently assaulted in
Augusta, Georgia, by a citizan of tho latter
place, because of his (Bryant’s) efforts in deco
rating the graves otUuion soldiers, and that
Gapt. C. G. Richardson, also a citizen of Maine
was attacked in Thomasville, Georgia, by a
man named Lighlfoot, &s., and requesting in
formation witti regard to these assaults upon
Northern people doing business in the South.
Pending tho reading of tho resolution, tho
morning hour expired and it was laid over un
der the rule
[Will there never bo an end of the lying
twaddle about tho cemetery affair. It is
enough to mako tho soldiers buried there rite
■out of their graves;—Ed ]
. Mr. Donnelly, of Minnesota, feportod from
the Committee on Public Lands an act rotating
to lauds granted to the State of Minnesota for
the construction of railroads, and it was road
a (bird time passed.
Mr. Stevens, of Pennsylvania,from the Com;
mittee on Appriations, reportod back the
army appropriation bill, with tho amendments
of the Senate thereto ; most of which wore
iion-concurrcd in, and a committee of confer
ence was ordered.
Among tho amendments concurred in was
tho one appropriating about $7,000,000 for
(lie support of the Frecdmen’s Bureau.
Mr. Van Horn, of Missouri, introduced a
hill authorizing tho construction of a bridge to
be used as a military and postal route across
the Missouri river. Referred to the Committee
on Post Offices and Post Ronds.
Austria-'-! Sketch of Her Generals,
Tho really distinguished leaders of tbo Aus
trian army aro few in number, and nearly all
well advanced in years. They served in 1812
and 1813 under Princo Schwartzenburg, made
the campaign of Hungary in 1840, that of Italy
against Charles Albeit, aud that of 1859, the
most important of all. In case of war, those
who appear destined to tho principal commands
aro the following : The Archduke Albert, son
oi the immortal Prince Charles, Marshal Henry
de Hesse, Benedek, Schwartz-jnburg and Clam
Gallia.
Marshal de Uesso is saventy-threc years ol
aae, spare in person, and of active mind and
habits. His career datos from tho battlo of
Wagram, in which he took part, being then in
his seventeenth year. It was he who decided
tho Austrian victory over tho Piedmontese in
1848 by tho strategetical movement from Ve
rona, and be took a very activo part in the
battle of Novora. The Italians regard him as
a formidable enemy, and admit that he will
give them no little trouble.
Princo fcjehwartzenbnrg is tall, well made,
,And very vigorous, notwithstanding _ bis 72
years. In 1848 he commanded a division of
cavalry in Italy ; he .distinguished himself at
battle Camoru, in Hungary, by preventing,
with his division, the insurgents from debouch
ing ou tho right bank of the Danube. At the
battle of Magdnta ho commanded the third
corps d’armee, with which ho covered the re
treat of the Austrians. At Solferino ne was in
the left wing, opposed to General Niell. Ho
was one ot the moßt brilliant officers of the
Austrian army, and is also an author.
Marshal Beuedek Is only silty-eight. While
a colonel, in 1848, fought in the campaign
against tho Piedmontese. In 1859 be com
manded the eighth corps at ban Martino, hiace
Kadataky'a death ho has been first warrior of
Austria. It is probably that ho will be charged
to oppose tbo Prussians. The life of Count
Clam Gallas has been very active ; ho has
shared in all tho wars ol Austria since 184r>.
iu Hungary, however, ho only succeeded in
vanquishing the aged Gen. Bern through the
aid of the liitasians. At present he commands
the first corps ot the Austrian army at Prague.
We must not omit to mention Gen. Gab
lentz, who commanded the Austrians ip the
war against Denmark, and Gen. Ramming, to
whotn Austria wan indebted in the Hungarian
campaign for the decisive success obtained at
Temwar.— Salute PMie qf Lyons ■
The Bureau in Alabama.
We give below some extracts from the
Herald’s Bureau correspondence. The letter
is dated Mobile June 18th :
the freshmen's bureau
in thui Plate has boon administered by Gi.fi.
Swayne, with marked success, ’fire agents
exercise no judicial powers whatever. Their
duties have been simply to relieve the desti.
tute and advise the ignorant; to supply a
friendly arbitration in disputes ns to wages,
and to report to the military authorities any
caws of outrage or oppression. General
I'vv.'.y'ne, a far as possible, lias made the ehcr
nls, Mayors and civil officers of the htate his’
ropre.-entativos. 1 1 has followed, os a matter
ol course, that the existence of the Freed men’s
Bureau has excited lose prejudice and hostility
among the citizens of Alabama than almost '
any where else, while nt the Bame time the
negro has hum protected in his rights. All
tne good -features of tho system have b•, n lui
•y developed hr Alabama, anil many of tire
iMd features are wanting. There have been
instances of misconduct on the part of sul>
agents, but in ail such cases tho agents Uivo
enhfs n signed or have been removed, and the
evil they have done tins been us far as possi
hie repaired. Virtually the Bureau for all
offensive purpose? is a “dummy” in A'abama
-a very respectable “dummy,” but a “dum
my I nevertheless—and all tho moio success
l'"l on that account. Florida, Georgia and Ala
bama are tho three States where the negroes aro
working the best, and they are precisely the
States where the Bureau has Interfered tho
least. The happy compound ol “thrift,” ou
pression r.nd peculation characterize the ad.
ministration of aifaiis in North Carolina and
the reqime of-pve titablo canting philanthrophy
established by General Saxton in South Caro
lina arid the Sea Islands, have produced a con
dition of things which contrasts most unfavor
ably with the position of tho neighboring
States. In Frecdmen’s Bureau attain-', in tact
•King Log is a much bettor monarch tiiau King
Stork.
GOVERNOR I'ATTON’S views.
Among other prominent citizens whoso opin
ions have been taken by Gens. Steedman and
Fullerton was Governor I’atton. The Govern
or speaks very despondlngty of tho preeeut
condition of tho State. He says Alabama iost
forty thousand oi her sons who wore killed or
disabled by the war ; dependent upon them
were at least sixty thousand women and ehil
dren ; and tho number of white persons now
destitute, or nearly 30, ho estimates as littio
short of a hundred thousand. The Governor,
when they loft Montgomery, was about to start
for St. Louis, with tho charitable object of pur
chasing corn for their relief on tho security of
State bonds. Ho looked forward with some
confidence to the future, providod the State
were restored to its rights, having great confi
dence in the manufacturing capabilities of Al
abama.
Gun. Steedman—What is your opinion with
regard to tho Freedmcu’s Bureau, as to its in
liuenco and effects ?
Gov. Patton—l think we have the opportu
nity of forming a pretty correct opinion ; lor i
have reports here from quite a number of dif
ferent counties. In anything I may say Ido
not like to reflect upon Gen. Swayuo, becair o
if wo aro to have a Bureau at all thoro is no
man with whom we could get along better than
Gen. Swayuo. Ho is a kind, humane and dis
creet man. ft is of the Bureau as uu institu
tion I w'pli to speak. Our laws, you know,
were so revised ami amended last winter us to
suit tho changed condition of tho Stato. There
iB now no discrimination made between white
and black, except that tho colored man is not
qualified to testify in casco whore he is not in
terested. Even in this exceptional particular
the judges, wherever practicable, allow negroes
to testify. 1 think this is right, I think our
aim should be to arrive at truth, from whatev
er source it may come, and an intelligent judge
and jury can always estimate, at Us proper val
ue, tiro testimony given. This being so, there
being no discrimination In the laws of Ala
bama, and full justice being douo to the black
man, I cannot soe that there is any necessity
for a bureau, i had occasion, during tbo pro
gress, of the Convention, to veto threo hills
which had a tendency to class legislation, and
f was fully sustained.
There iB but one desire among the people,
now that wo have amended our laws, and that
is to conform strictly to them. On tho subject
of doing justice to the black man, uuder tho
laws as they now exist, wo are a unit. Thoro
have been somo decisions of tho Supremo Court
explaining tho laws, and they have all been in
iavor oi the negro. Now that wo liavo the
laws, the only difficulty is to execute thorn ;
and our oleven Circuit judges as well os tbo
-judges of tbo Supreme Court, liavo all shown
themselves anxious in this direction. As to
the lioceßßity of a bureau to watch these courts
and to watch cur magistrates, sixteen or seven
teen Umpired in number, no bureau in the
world could watch them to ad van tag®. While
I respect tho Freedman's Bureau and its ob
jects in tho main, 1 think it docs more harm
than good. The only use we have for the Bu
reau is to feed the ( oor and take caro of the
destitute white man and negro; and as the Ex
ecutive oi the Statif liavo nohesilation in say
ing tlifft 1 can do this better than they aa sojn
as Congress wiii enablo ns to obtain monoy
and credit.
General. Fullerton—How do you consider
tho Bureau does bairn ?
Governor Patton—Wherever you havo a
bureau there is an idea in tho mind of tho ig.
norant black that it is something established
in his interest exclusively, and ho is always
running to it and relying upon it. Wo have
counties, such as Clark county and Marengo
county, where there are largo plantations, and
where no agent has been stationed, and we
find that in those counties the negroes having
no bureau to run to aro better satisfied than
elsewhere. Where there is a bureau the
freedmen aro less disposed to comply with
their contracts; aro less disposed to bo faithful
to their employers, and leas disposed to stick
to their work; and in that way 1 think tho in
stitution does harm. So long as they can run
round to the Bureau and draw their rations, a
great many of the negroes will not do a stroke
of work. General Swayno does his duty; still
there are many ways in which the negro gets
assistance in such a manner as to do him harm.
I don’t think there is anybody in this country
disposed to reduce the negro again- to slavery,
but I know that we understand tho negro's
wants and disposition better, and aro better
capablo of managing Him than Northorn people
who have never worked a slave in their lives.
I see no unfriendly disposition towards the
freedmen here, but tho mero fact of tho pres
ence of a bureau in Alabama, placed there for
the purpose of watching over tho conduct of
the people towards the negro, is a discourage*
ment to. those who would otherwise interest
tbemselvis# iu bis favor. I believo that both
in educating the negro and in relieving his
wants, the Southern people could do much
more than is now done, with the samo amount
of money that is now expended.
OUOP PROSPECTS
in Alabama, as in Georgia, have been mate,
rially impaired by recent heavy rains anil
frealiets. Considerable tracts of land have
been inundated, and tho cotton that e3capod
destruction by these means is choked with
grass. Alabama used to raise closo upon a
million of bales beforo the war. Front p.ll I
havo seen and can hear, I do notjj think she
will raise two hundred thousand bales during
the present year.
TUB FIVE CENTS COTTON TAX.
The progress of this measure is watched with
great interest and soino alarm by the plantere.
fc’ome idea of the nature of*tho proposed im
post may be formed from tire fact that, tho two
cent Internal Revonuo tax on cotton has reali
zed the following sums from August last up to
the end of May
Macon district, $2,000,009
Augusta district, 1.000,000
Savannah district, 370,000
Atlanta district, 270,000
—a total of threo million six hundred aud
forty thousand dollars in nine months. I give
these figures on tho very best authority.
Maximilian Jo His Foreign Lcgionaires
The following has been received in New
York from Washington. It appears to be a
proclamation of the Emperor Maximilian to
the German troops in his employ :
“Officers, under Officers, and Soldiers of my
Austrian and Belgian VolnnteerOorps:
liver mindful of your national welfare,
remembering your loyalty and selfi-denial so
often shown to me, I have, for tho purpose of
removing the difficulties that have arisen in
consequence of a financial crisis, accepted in
your name the generous offer of France to as
sist us with its means. You will hereafier form
a part of ono and the same division, comrades
in arms, destined to share with you difficulties
and dangers. The samo department wifi here
after guard your common welfare. To you
there remains, however, a splendid organiza
tion; and the heretofore appointed superior,
whom successful leadership and whose glorious
bravery have bo long and so often served as
examples in battle and victory. Your rights
and interests are therefore protected, I trust.
Your Emperor, tho same, as he will always
count on your courage and good discipline.
Maximilian.
Mexico, May 10, 1860.
Robinson, tho “bare-backed ’ circus rider,
gets an annual salary of $24 000.
Stay Law.
As noticed In our last issue, Hon. A. U.
Stephens on Wednesday last, discussed before
tho Supremo Court the constitutionality of tho
“stay law.”’ Below wo give his thaiu points
and reasoning.
Gen. Cobb, replied, maintaining the uuconst'-
tntionnlity of the law ; tig w {|i also be found
his main points as aiguod.
As to who is right and who is wrong, wo
will patiently await the decision of tho Su
preme Court.
Mr. Stephens maintained, that the law post
poning the pciiod for the levy and sale of
property under execution, was of the nature of
a statute of limitation. Its constitutionality
was to be tested upon the same principles. If
tho time was reasonable and definite it could
not be said to interfere with or impair (ho obli.
cation of contracts. This was a law regulating
the remedy. The obligation of a contract is
one thing, and the remedy another. The ob
ligati'':; of a contract is intrinsic in itself. It
Sjnings fiom iis validity, with n proper inter
pretation oi its terms tinder the laws regulating
contracts themselves, where it is made and
not the laws regulating Judicial proceedings
for holding parties to their legal responsibili
ties lor their breaches. The lattor class of laws
aro known everywhere «s the laws oi
These latter vary with every Ht-ato or nation.
They never enter into or become part of the
obligation of the contract.gs/Iho obligation of
the contract is perfect iu itself and travels with
it under the ‘•lt x loci contractus" wherever it
goes or in whatever forum it Beiks redress for a
breach. He combatted broadly and thoroughly
tho idea that the obligation ct a contract in
cluded in tbo least degree the laws made to
enforce them Strictly speaking, there is and
can be no such thing as enforcing contracts by
Judicial proceedings of any sort. All that the
courts and that class of laws kuown as remedies
can dp, is to provids compensation for contracts
broken before the courts or remedies are ap
pealed to. The obligation of a contract is as
count); 1 who had proceeded him (lion. Linton
Stephens) bad well slated, “the liability which
the law attaches to the terms used by tho par
ties.’' This liability or responsibility, this
‘ juris vinculun*” os Judge Story stylos it, or
tills “legal tie," as the French term it, exists
separately and distinctly In every valid con
tract without any reference or connection
whatever with tho laws or judicial proceedings
instituted for tho purpose of holding parties
to their legal responsibilities for breaches ol’
contracts. Every perfect and valid contract
ha; not only a legal unity, but, in the language
of Story, a legal übiquity of obligation, which
could not be if the remedial laws of the place
wheie it is made entered at all into tho essonco
of its obligation—that obligation which, by the
Constitution oi tho United States, no State can
impair.
Hence any dealing with tho remedy, any
change in the language of Story, as to the
“times and mod s” of giving redress for
breaches of contracts which docs not impair
this obligation as stated, does uot como within
tho prohibition of tho Constitution of the iUu
ted States. The Legislature may say, (hut no
suit shall bo brought on a note after six years
from its maturity. No one has ever contended
that such an :.ct impairs tiie obligation of the
contract. Tbo legislature ha3 equal right aud
power if they saw tit to declare by law that no
suit should be instituted on promisory notes
after two years from their maturity, or ono
year, or any shorter time, provided it was reas
sonablv long iu the judgment of tbo Courts for
parties interested, to look after their rights.
Such action of tho legislature it is admitted on
all sides, would affect notes made before, as
well an after. It is also admitted that auc-h ac
tion would be constitutional. Well, if it is
constitutional for tha legislature in providing
remedies for broken contracts, to deny all rem
edy after six years, or two years, or ono year
to the holder of a note without impairing tho
obligation of tho contract, !b it not just as con
stitutional to provide that when parties come
into Court to seek redress for breaches of con
tracts, that an equally reasonable time shall be
allowed, before final execution shall be award
ed without impairing tho obligation,of tho con
tract ? That certainly remains as intact by tbo
legislature in tho one instance us tho other, if
the obligation is unimpaired when all romedy
is barred iu flic 0:10 ease, equally so is it in tho
other when (.hero is only a reasonable post
ponement of tho compensation awarded for its
breach.
We give but an outline of tho argument of
Mr. Stephens as wo understood it. Ho spoke
for upwards of two hours, and tho main object
of his speech, after settling tho principles upon
which hq rested his case iu a legal point of
view, was, to show that tho act of the legisla
ture was founded upon a wise and prudent
policy. It looked as mucu to tho protection of
the rights of creditors as debtors.
If ho waa right in showing that this act o
thu legislature fell properly within that class
of laws as remedies, then he quoted Marshall’s
remarks as not only applicable but potent on
tho question, when ho said:
“Without impairing tho obligation of the
contract, tho romedy may certainly bo modified
as tho wisdom of the nation may direct.”
He also quoted as pertinent and having force
on this question, in his opinion, the remark ol
Justico Johnson of tho U. S. Supreme Court in
a case where ho said :
“The right thou of creditors to the aid of
the public arm for the recovery of contracts, h-f
not absolute and unlimited, hut may bo modi
fied by tho necessities of society.”
The policy of this act of the legislature, Mr.
Stephens vindicated at great length, and main
tained that it was as essential for the creditors
as a class as it was for the debtors.
Without it, or something like it, the obliga
tion of tire contracts of creditors ub a class
though perfect, would bo almost worthless
while under the provision of tho act the obli
gation remaining unimpaired, full compensa
tion might bo obtained.
General Cobb hold the act of tho-legislature,
calieci “stay laws and installment laws,” im
paired tho obligation of contracts, and conse
quently Were unconstitutional and void.
Tho truo doctrine to _be drawn from all the
argument and authorities he said, is this : That
the Legislature had no authority to interfere
with tho contracts of parties neither directly
by changing them, nor indirectly by legisla
ting on tho mode of enforcing thorn. Tho
Legislature can, for the purpoao ol giving
efficacy to contracts, and thereby advance the
ends of justice, deal with the remedy ; but this
power can never be exorcised with tho view
and for tiie purpose of relieving the parties
irom the legal effects of tho contracts which
they have voluntarily mourned. Where there
is jiiHt cause of complaint by either party, that
the existing remedy promised by the law fails
to afford the benefit or rolief to whicir he is
entitled by his contract, he c-iu call upon the
Legislature so. to modify the remedy, as to
furnish thu benefit or relief to which his con
tract entitles hirn, and tho Legislature can
constitutionally respond to such an appcul.
But where tho complaint is uot agaiflbt tho
remedy which the law gives, but against tho
contract which (ho party has made, then there
can be no constitutional response to the com
plaint.
Gen. Cobb quoted largely from tho opinions
of Judges Marshall and Story in dofenco of his
positions. lie argued in extenso that the Legis
laturo of tho State, impairs the obligation of
contracts.
Ist. Because in tho modification oi remedies
for tiro collodion of dobt, tho collection of tho
samo is so hampered with conditions and post
ponemeats, as to greatly lessen their value,
and almost renders tho collection impractica
ble.
21, Because it gavo an unjust advantage tc
now over old creditors.
3d. Because it gives precedence to foreign
over domestic creditors, as the former can col
lect their debts through the Federal courts,
whilst tho hands of the laiter are tied up.—
MilkdjeviUc liccorder.
FROM UAMHH.TOV.
Kntioaal Express Company.
Washington, Juno 25. —The express compa
ny started at the South since the war have had
a meeting of their board of directors to take
into consideration steps to raise money to keep
up (lie company. It appears that seven per
cent, of the stockholders have not paid up the
payments of the assessments, and though one
and h. half millions havo been called in, only
four thousand dollars have been paid. It was
finally agreed that all stockholders who would
not pay up twenty dollars per share at once
should forfeit all they have paid unto those
who havo paid, and that thirty percent, of
those wiio have complied with tbo calls will
become owners of ail the assets.
Heading Tennessee men, who have just ar
rived at Washington, aro very confident that
tho Legislature, which has just been convened,
will not adopt tho Constitutional Amendment.
They are very doubtful whether a quorum can
be secured at this season of the year. Some
of tbo Radicals aro opposed to it on. the ground
that it is net extreme enough, and now thatß
is known that the President is opposed to it,
defeat is regarded as certain.
The militia of Fauquier county, Virginia,
has been reorganized,
Mrs. Millard Fillmore is one of the loaders
of fashion in Paris, and displays diamonds
with a refreshing brilliancy.
Gnu. Frank C. Armstrong,formerly chief of
cavalry in General Sterling Price’s army, is
planting cotton near New Orleans.
The fUr-Linc Railroad,
At a meeting of tho Stockholders of the
Georgia Air-Lino Railroad Company, hold at
tho City Hall in Atlanta, this 27th day of June,
1811 G, tho following business was transacted ,
Joseph Winship, President in the chair. On
motion, W. H. Tuller was appointed Secretary
pro tan.
A statement was male by B. Y. Fage, (who
represents tiro interest of several New York
capitalists) of tbo objects cf tire meeting.
S. B. Hoyt then offered the following res -
olutione, which, after considerable discussion,
were adopted unanimously :
Whereas, We are gratified to hoar that cer
tain capitalists are contemplating building the
Georgia “Air-Lino” Railroad, and.
Whereas, Many of tbo oM Stockholders are
unablo lo pay up llioir slock; •
Therefore, li-soived, Ist. That all or any
who have heretofore subscribed Btook to tiie
Ga. “Air-Line” Railroad Company shall have
from this time until tha Board oi Directors
shall make their first call lor payment of stock,
<b.o privilege of meeting whether they will pay
up mid contimro to bo Stockholders or not, and
if they elect uot to pay up, they shall bo con
sidered as having abandoned their stock, aud
the same shall Im considered as forfeited, aud
that such Stockholders shall bo discharged
from all liability on account, of such stock,
when one million of dollars ($1,000,000,) of
bona fide sleek shall have been subscribed in
addition to any now subscribed.
Resolved 2d. That tire confer on tho l’resi*
dent and Directors to be elected at this m-.et
iug, full and complete power to make all con
tracts for tho construction of said Road, and
instruct them to commence woik as soon us
practicable, within tho next twelve months,
Resolved 3 1. That tho hooks ot subscription
be now opened, and subscriptions for stock be
invited when 3,602- shares aro subscribed.
Resolved 4th. That wo now proceed to elect
a President and tea Directors for the ensuing
year, when tho following names were pro
posed and unanimously elected •
S. B. Clark, New York, President,
C. U. Sanborn. “
Henry Janncr t *■
J. C. Candio, “
J. L. Pond,
G, A. Sanborn, “
J. P. Read, Anderson, S. C.
A. Austoll, Atlanta.
S. 15. Hoyt,
Joseph Winsliip, “
E. M. Johnson, Gainsville, Ga.
I Resolved 6th. That tho books oL tha Compa
ny staud open lor subscription until asniliclent
aiuouut of stock bo subscribed to build tho
Road.
On motion tho meeting adjourned until Sep*
ternbor 2Gtb, 186(1.at 10 o’clock, a. m.
W. U Teli.uk, Sec’y pro tun.
If tic Era.
MEXICO#
Tire national Victor;—All Northern Ptelro
in Possession of Use National Forces!
[Special Dispatch to the Louisville Courier ]
■ Brownsville, Texas, via New Onr, vans, Juno
24. — l There was very important intelligence
from Mexico this morning. On the 7ihins(.,
General Mejia started a train from Matamora.;
for Monterey, of two hundred and fifty wagons
heavily laden with valuable raorchatuirso. Tlio
value of ihc train was near two million dollars
A guard ot at. least 1,600 Imperial troops, uu
dor command oi General Alvera, went with it.
On tho lGtli inst. General Escobedo, at tho
head of four thousand Liberal troops, attacked
tho train between Camargo and Meir. Tho
fight commenced at Rix o’clock in the morning,
aud resulted in a complete victory lo tho Lib
erals. Tho Mexican Imperial troop; throw
away their arms. Tiie Austrians fought des
perately, but were overpowered. 7’) 10 Impe
rial loss was live hundred killed and wounded,
flight hundred prisoners, fourteen pieces of
artillery, and tho entire train of two hundred
and fifty wagons. The Liberal loss is very
slight.
General Alvera, Imperial, is severely wound
ed through tho shoulder, but escaped capture.
General Mejia still holds Mataiucras with a
handful of troopß, but will bo forced now t.o
evacuate. This victory will give (ho Liberals,
possession of Northern Mexico.
Gorlinas is reported to bo between Matamoras
and tho stragglers of Alvoia’a army, and will
no doubt capture m@ny prisoners.
The-e facts nro perfectly reliable, having
been gathered from official lettfcrs received
from Escobedo’s headquarters, and are fully
corroborated by a goutlomaa from Matamoras
Later.
One hundred Imperial cavalry liavo reached
Matamoras and corroborate the above. They
cay Alvera is badly wouuded and will reacli
tho city somo time to-day.
A specie train, valued at several millions,
has been captured.
Tire Konsscau'litlnoeM jiilair.
Tbo following wo copy from the telegraphic
correspondence of tho Cincinnati Gazette :
Washington, June 24.
TIIE ROUSSEAU ASSAULT.
The special committee for tho investigation
ot tho issault of Gen. Rousseau upon Mr.
Grinneli, held a meeting yesterday. The evi
donco taken conclusively established the fact
that Rousseau formally informed ono poison of
his intention to attack Mr. Grinuoll on Tues
day morning, and asked him to act as his
friend in the matter, but that no less than
three persons wore present, armed on his side.
Two ofthoso persons, one of whom was Coiouo!
I’onnebaker, of Kentucky, admitted that they
wero armed with loaded pistols. Tins testi -
mony tends to show that Rousseau and his par
ty wore bont upon bringing on a bloody affray,
and that had Sir. Grinneli offered the slightest
resistance, he would havo been killed without
doubt.
The following is tho statement of Mr. Grin -
nell before tho committeo; “Ou tho evening
of the 14th, as I waa passing out of tiie rotua
da, 1 was seized by Mr. Rousseau, who, swear
ing, said. ‘I want an apology.’ To this 1 re
plied, ‘You are the ono to apologise; you be
gan the attack. I have no apology to make.’
Placing his hand on ids breast to draw a wea
pon, I seized him by tiie collar, when Im struck
mo live or six times over tha face with a earn
having an iron end, until it was broken. 1
said, ‘You havo assaulted me in the House, but
I havo no desire to hurt you.’ He said, ‘You
damned coward, I want to degrade you.’ i
said, ‘You cannot do it; I only defended my
self in debate.” Ho continued swearing: when.
I said, ‘lf tho crowd is done with me 1 will
leave,” and picked up a piico of tho cano
and walked away. Iwas alone, and saw liilu
surrounded by friends. I did not resist, pre
suming there was a purpose to assassinate mu.
I have suffered considerably from injuries in
tho face, and on the shoulder, received from
the iron point of the cane.”
Charleston Item-.
Wo find tho annexed items in tho News Os
the 29th :
Coroner Whiting on tho 28th hold inquests
on tbo body of Richard M. Bradford, wire
died from injuries received ia Sunday's riot,
and that of Charles W. Locus, who died iu tho
Guard House, of paralzsis.
Mt/momsT Church iv Couht.—The Superior
Provost Court of this District has decided the
case of Trustees of Methodist Episcopal Church
vs. Dr. Mood ia favor of the plaintiffs, and
given them possession of the property in dis -
pute, but without going into the ecclesiastical
or other important questions involved.
UNITER STATES HUT. COURT SOUTH CAUOUNA
MtTUICT.
Harlan H. Tliayer, a citizen |
of Massachusetts, | Writ iu Trespass,
us. j-
S. C. Millet, a citizen of S. i Wm. Whaley
Carolina j Plaintiff's Att’y.
On motion of Wm. Whaley, Esq.: It is or
dered that Daniel Horlbeck, Clerk of thin
Court, do show cause, on Tuesday, 20th June,
18G0, wiry ho refuses to sign and aliest tho
writ in tho above case.
On tho return of the Rule, the Clerk showed
for cause that William Whaley had not taken
and filed the oath commonly called the Test
Oath.
After hearing argument by Wm. Whaley,
E?q., and lion. Wm. D. Porter, it was ordered
yesterday, at a special session of (he District
Court, that the law of 18C5, being deemed un
constitutional in its application to this cnee, ffi
is ordered and adjudged teat the oath ba dis
pensed with, the rule made absolute, aud the
Clerk do sign and seal the writ presented by
the Attorney, Mr. Whaley, and ho be admitted
to bis full righfs as a practitioner ol this
Court. n
Tiro nominations of a very large number of
Collectors, Assessors, Postmasters ’and others
havo cot yet been sent to tfco Senate hr the
President. ItTs not improbable that ma-jy of
them will fail of confirmation, owing to the
little time allowed by the Senate to invest Port
tboir character. . •
Tho clergyman in a certain town, as the cus
tom is, having published tho bans ot matrimo
ny between two persons, was followed by the
clerk’s reading the hymn beginning with
words
Mr. Joseph Barber has collected his gas
tronomic and piscatorial essays, under the title
“Crumbs from the Round Table.”