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OLD SLKiES, VOL. LXXY.
cLluonulc&^cntmcl
UKMIV Mooiu;,
A. I*. \vhi<;iit.
THH V|- OF 'I nscIIIPTION.
WEEKLY.
J. I!. \V. JOIINSTON ,
BiMlnm t.
A « i;VHTA, \ :
\\ KDMiSUA Y \loK\l\li, <t( TOItKK 3.
Chinese (omneree.
It > ' iiif statistics given in a eotemporary
journal entitled the CivUimtion, published
beyond the seas, lie correct, and tie- paper
secni.i to be accepted by the well-informed
of all classes, neither our own countrymen
or the French have any very particular
reason to exult at the posture of their com
mercial relations with the Chinese Empire.
Ihe account must be particularly un
palatable to our Frankish allies, after all
tic pains they have taken by naval and
military force, as well as by negotiation, to
gam a solid and commanding position in
that part of the world. Hays the Civiliza
turn :
“The French and the .Siamese g.> side by
side hi the mercantile and maritime move
ment in China. An European who was at
Hong Kong a few months since, saw in the
tort of that great commercial city, 04 Eng-
American; I Siamese; 1 Russian: 1 Ital
ian, and 4 French vessels. At Whampoa,
there were 0 English and 9 German, hut
no French ships. Nor were there any of
the latter at Macao. Eliwy, Shanghai, or
b’oi) Chow. Immediately next to the Eng
lish in mercantile importation come the
* iermans, who have about 200 vessels from
Hamburgh, chiefly between Japan and the
Bay of'Bengal.
The readyr will perceive by the above,
that not tin- Freneh only bnt the Ameri
cans also, are exactly On an equal numeri
cal looting, so far as representation by vus
sols goes, witli the Siamese at Hong Kong,
Four ships floating the Union flag hard by,
make an imposing show beside 5 Spaniards,
8 Italics, 28 (iermans, and 64 Britons, and
we see no mention made of any such at
Whampoa. We cannot help suspecting,
however, that some of these foreigners are
really American bottoms transferred during
the late war, and excluded from re transfer
by (lie decision of our Navy Department,,
that American owners are reaping Larger
In nefits than the above comparison would
indicate.
At all events, we have of recent years
made noise enough altout our Chinese
trade, and now spend enough on diplo
matic and commercial agents there, to ex
pect a better result than the Cicili.ntion s
figures foreshadow. We respectfully sug
gest that the Hon. Mr. Burlingame might
here iiml an excellent opening for a full
report upon American and Chinese com
merce.
Power of Inurls-Marliu! to Try lili
zen (employees.
An interesting case, involving tlm quos
tion of the jurisdiction of courts-martial
in the ease of citizens employed by the
Government, charged with any crime, has
just been disposed of in f lic department of
the Tennessee. It appears that Aaron
Lumpkin, colored, employed in the qitar
terinaster s department at Macon, Geor
gia, was arranged on the charge of “larce
ny to the prejudice of good order and mili
tary discipline," liuVing stolen and disposed
of two sets of wheel harness, the property
of the Government. The accused was ar
raigned for trial before a court-martial, and
entered a plea in bar of trial on the ground
that the court had no jurisdiction in the
etteve.
The court having been cleared, decided
to sustain the plea of the prisoner on the
following grounds: That the only right
the court has to try the prisoner is under
the authority conferred by the act of Con
gress of March 3, 1863, which gives mili
tary courts power to try such cases “du
ring time of war and rebellion," but which
authority has ceased by official announce- J
inent of peace. The prisoner was accord
ingly turned over to the civil court for
trial. _
The Campaign in Pennsylvania.—
Tlu- World says an immense Convention
of the people of York county, I’a., assem
bled in the borough of York on the 24th
Sept. The ton nship delegations number
ed U.n of thousands. Speeches were de
livered Ly lion. J. R. Doolittle, Judge
Hepburn, oj Carlisle, the Hon. 11 tester
Clymer, and others. At night a mass
meeting was held in the court-house, pre- i
sided over by Judge J. 8. Blnek, who
delivered one of his great speeches, and
- followed by Mr. Doolittle, Hon. Rich- ;
ard Yaux, of Philadelphia, and Judge ;
K iuiuiell, of Chambersburg.
On the 25th, a Convention of the | conic
Lancaster county was'held in Lancaster
» ity, and presided over by the Hon. Isaac
K. lliester. Speeches were delivered by
(lie lion, lliester Clymer, Senator Doolit
tle, and others. The enthusiasm of the
I" i>lj was unbounded, and in numbers
the meeting lar surpassed any comity Con
vention of tbriner years.
Cp.nsi s ue hie States. A valuable
tutisticnl table, giving the ratios increase
in population ofjlie various States of the
l iiioii since the census of 1 Stitt, is ! icing
prepared. The census of 1805 has been
received by the Department from seven
States, and the increase of population,
even duping the war, in which the mortali
ty was unusually great, is as follows ;
Minnesota forty percent. Illinois twenty
-i\ per cent, Wisconsin twelve per cent,
lowa twelve per cent, Michigan sewn and i
a half per cent, Rhode Island four per
cent, Massachusetts three per cent. Tak
iug the general average of this increase,
thirteen and a half per cent, is a fair repre
sentation of the rates of increase in the
ethers. The Census Bureau estimates the
population of the l nited States r.’u ter
ritories has increased from 31.43.1.2 the
nuinlier found by the census of Is at, to
35,5iH),000.
POSITION OF THE PRESIDENT.— A 7/.T
ahl Washington correspondent says: Tin
statement baying prevailed that tin Presi
dent is about to modify bis policy to the
extent of recommending the proposed eon-
Vituiioual amendment to the adoption of
Southern unrepresented States, authority
is given for a most emphatic denial. The
President considers the amendments now
proposed a violation of the tilth article of
the constitution, and therefore invali-1. and
it would Ik- in contravention of bis oath of
office to encourage them in anyway. There
is. however, reason to believe that he con
templates recommending to Congress, at
its next session —first, the admission of the
representatives ol all the States, and then
the proposed amendments to the constitu
tion, embracing in a less objectionable form
the i ssential elements of those now pend
ing.
The Grand Armv of the Republic. —
e clip the following from the Madison
ilnd., Courier, of the l.ith. as one of the
evidences of the secret character of the or
ganization known as the “Grand Army of
the Republic. Os course none but the
initiated understand the number indicated
by.i*t:
“The Grand Army of the Republic is
moving successfully on. Over two hun
dred posts have l>een planted in seventy
counties ot this State. The organization
in Madison now numbers Pf members. 1
The Cincinnati Enquirer says: "This is
a revolutionary and traitorous "society, in
tended to break -up the Rump Congress in
its proposed removal of the President from
office, audthe plunging of the country
into civil war, which would thereupon eu
sue. Let the peaceable and well-disposed
citizens mark the direction the Jacobins
intend to march if they are successful in
the coming election.
Keller.
Through courtesy to the writer, we pub- J
ish, in another place, a communication on
repudiation. While we do not endorse bis
sentiments, the subject is one of such gen
eral interest and importance that we deem
it proper to give all shades of opinion a
bearing. It will lx- difficult for the Legis
lature to frame a law that " ill satisfy the .
country, but we have no aoubt that body
will meet the question with an tamest, re- 1
gard for the public good, and a proper
deference for law and justice.
Loyal Soldiers. Note! — Wright.*tlie
Rebel General, editor <d the Augusta (Ga.) j
Chronic!/, Says that lie was on the com
-1 rnittee that framed the resolution in favor
of the Union soldiers, in the Doolittle Phil
adelphia Convention, and it was so worded
is not to commit the Government, if the
South ever gets possession of it again, to
protecting the Union soldiers at the ex
pense of tie- rebel soldiers. He avows the
purpose of the South, if it ever gets into
power again, to cut off all the pensions to
the Federal soldiers, unless the Confederate j
soldier- are let iTi too. Our boys in blue
will take note of this, and vote against an/ ]
party that would reward treason.
The above statement we find in the Troy
Daily Timm of the 22d. It is perhaps j
use-less to deny a .statement so absurd, for
denial here is unnecessary, as indeed it is
anywhere that the character of the Troy'
Times is known. We liave uq idea liiat.
publish a denial of its truth, rind, if he did,
would be sure to invent some other canard
equally mischievous. General Wright
never wrote a line that could be tortured
into any such sentiments. Ile does not ex- !
pect to cut off Union soldiers from their j
pensions, nor bus he any hope that Con- j
federate soldiers will ever be allowed |
any place in the pension list.
It is by falsehoods such as these that the j
Radicals, in their desperation, seek to mil j
lify the effect of the Conservative move
ment. There is a day of retribution for
the miscreants who thus hear false witness
against the South. We trust an instal
ment of it will come at the approaching
election if not then, it will come when a
reward is meted out to those who believe a !
lie that they may be damned.
hist of Kadi cal Presses in Hie South.
'fhc following papers, published in the i
Southern States, sustain the policy of
Congress:
In Memphis tlm Post; ill Nashville the
Tres-S A Times and the <blored Tennes
seean; in New Orleans the Tril/une: in
Augusta the Loyal Georgian ; in Charles
ton the iSmif/t IHrotinn, Leader; in Savan
nah the Republican : in Mobile the Y'a
lionalist; in ltiehmonil the Yew Nation;
ill Sail Antonio the /impress ; in Nevvherii
the Times: which holds an “ independent”
position; in Homer, Ga., Uni Iliad, a
lively little sheet, which maintains the
right bravely; and in Harrison, Hamilton
county, Tenu., the Unconditional—N. ) .
’limes.
In this list it.will he seen that the State
of Georgia furnishes two—the Loyal
Georgian and the Savannah Republican.
The latter paper we are surprised to find
classed with the Radicals, as we sec by
looking ovee the columns that it is liberally
patronized by the old merchants and eiti- |
z.ens of Savannah. The South Carolina
Leader, Loyal Georgian , Mobile Na
tionalist, New Orleans Tribune, Richmond
New Nation, and Colored Tennesseean
are all “negro papers,” wc believe.
The Trial of Mr. Davis. —The Na
tional Intelligencer says that Samu
el Tyler, Esq., of Maryland, one of the
counsel of Mr. Jefferson Da vis, had an in
terview with the Attorney General recent
ly, in regard to the trial of Mr. Davis.
We liavq not. heard what the result of the
interview was, hut suppose that it was in
accordance with what we learn from the
best source of information, viz., that
Judge Underwood and Chief Justice Chase
have come to the conclusion that, because
of the legislation of the last Congress, the
adjourned court cannot, he held next
month ; consequently, the case of Mr. j
Davis, with all others, must he postponed
j to a future day.
A Hard Case.— C. C. Flint, editor of
the Old Dominion, at Norfolk, recently
left that city for parts unknown. Having
previously sent off his wife, lie took along i
“a strange woman.” A close examination |
made into his affairs shows that he has j
victimized the following: National Bank
of Norfolk, $6,000; First National Bank!
of Norfolk, $3,000 ; Insurance Trust Com
pany of New York, $6,200. Total, sls,- !
800. The forgeries were mostly upon j
Government hills and vouchers. No clue !
has yet been obtained as to the where
abouts of the defaulter.
Convention in Nfav Hampshire.-
The people of New Hampshire will vote in
October lor members of a State Conven
tion, to assemble in November, for the
purpose of revising the Constitution of the
State. One of the principal duties of the
Constitution will be to determine whether
soldiers, when upon duty out of the State,
shall he allowed to vote. Another matter
to be considered by the new Constitution,
and a most important one, is the abolition
of that part of the Constitution which es
tablishes a religious test, fn New Hamp- |
shire no Catholic is eligible to he Governor j
or member of the Legislature.
Secure the Hay.—Wo would advise i
farmers to use the scythe vigorously On |
their grassy fields this Fall. There Jias j
not lieen a very large quantity of iodder j
gathered, and it is important that every
thing suitable for man and beast should In
secured for consumption the coming year.
A great deal of the grass with which fields
are covered will piake line hay. and will
' bring a good price. A quantity could lie
out and an abundance still remain for
pasturage.
Counterfeit. —The Philadelphia pa
pers state that one hundred dollar coun
terfeits on the Central National Bank of
New York, were in circulation in that city
on Thursday. In the words “maintain
; it." on the right of the Goddess of
Liberty, an ‘i' is inserted for 't' in
“ maintain. " The faces of the signers of
the Declaration of Independence, on the
; hack of the note, are very indistinct.
The LaG range lb porter says that a lot
of iroedmen left there recently for Ten
nessee. There was nearly a ear load qf
them. They go to seek employment And
higher wages. We have no doubt many
more of them will go between this and
Spring. The Reporter says there will be
neither food nor employment in that sec
tion of the country for the large number
of them there.
Estimate of (Jen. Grant. —Some of
the Radical newspapers are now calling
General Grant "a military adventurer.
One of them in Boston, says he is “a per
son of limited information and eouimon
-1 place ideas, with some obstinate prejudices,
and not a superabundance of intelligent con
victions.”
There has been auother great flood in
the West. Reports from Indianapolis,
Columbus, and Dayton represent that it
rained steadily all day on the 23th. and
that the streams in all directions are great
ly swollen. The river in Cincinnati is forty-
I one feet deep and rising-
Jack Frost.— The Mobile li< <jiiter <f-
Adrcrti<er learns by a private letter, that a
very heavy frost visited Satillo. on the
line of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, on
Saturday morning, and the weather was
piercing cold. The crops on the line of
the railroad look very unpromising.
The subscription to erect a Roman Cath
olic Cathedral to the memory of Cardinal
Wiseman amounts to nearly $3,500,000.
[communicated.]
Thomson, Ga.. Sept 28. 1 *66.
Mr. E ditor : There is no doubt but
what something might lie done to relieve
the people without materially injuring
any parties. But to pass a law totally re
lieving parties from debt would not be
just or generous. Already, since the ques
tion has been mentioned, you may see
men. who owe money justly, that will not
offer to pay a dime, even to parti is in dis
tres-. Why? Because they hope to be
relieved. Now, if a majority of the Legis
Liters owe more than is due them, why
perhaps they might pass a law to benefit
those that owe. On the other hand, if
the majority are men of means, and ahead
of the world, you may rest assured that r.o
relief will be granted, of any importance, to
those who wish it, and think it due them.
A majority of the members, perhaps, are
not the real choice of the people, for the
people took little or no interest in the last
election. Therefore it is mixed with
doubt if a wish of the people can he ob
tained by a vote of the present members.
The people of one county may he in a
prosperous condition, while those of
another may be pressed to the wall.
Entire repudiation would not prevent or
stop an honest man from paying what he
owed, unless parties who owed him would
not pay; and then he might begin to ex
w'
what he is now worth, some would liave to
pay all, and others none. Because one
man was energetic, and made money is
no reason that he should pay over and
above the one who failed to make the effort
to accumulate.
1 hold that all men, who refused to
take Confederate money for debts due
them individually ought to loose, and just
here wemight say, and safely too, that the
principal debts are to just such men as
remained out of the war. A great many
of them favored secession, and professed
to be very patriotic, and all the time re
fused to take the currency. Seme say
do not rule out entirely. But the best
rule for all is, that, if you repudiate, repu
diate all, and still have more money and
goods left than any of their neighbors.
The poor class went to the army almost
en masse. The richest man paid no more
in proportion than those of less capital to
aid the South. The poorest man, who
held slaves at all, lost as much in propor
tion as the richest.
There is no douhtr hut what, if the vote
of the people should he taken, that a very
largo majority <Jf them would repudiate,
for numbers of men who do not owe a
dollar would go for it in order to aid their
neighbors, from the fact that men are
much disposed to press, who ought to he
the last to do so. You can see the wealthy
class now sueing those of moderate circum
stances, in order to obtain judgement first.
They are after securing all, and would
rave indeed if any law should be
passed depriving them of a cent. Now,
Mr. Editor, I owe money myself, and in
tend to pay it if I have strength and any
luck at all, hut I do feel a deep sympathy
for a great many, and utterly abhor the
fierce disposition of the holders of notes,
&c. An honest man is noble, hut lam
afraid there is no man scarcely that is wil
ling to he governed by the golden rule.
Whatever the Legislature may agree upon,
impartially, I will cheerfully abide myself,
and so should all of us, come weal or woe,
for we have hut little left to loose anyway ;
so will try and wait the action of the
Legislature. Beginner.
I'nion Point.
A visitor to this place cannot fail to be
impressed favorably with its citizens and
the advantages which they enjoy over cit
izens of most Railroad villas. The trav
eler, worn down by the fatigues of travel, at
the Union Point Hotel finds all the essen
tials to comfort and case that the most
fastidious could ask. The house is as
good as it could well be made, and its Land
lord and Landlady are peculiarly obliging
to their guests. The Academy, of which
Capt. 1L B. Smith is principal, is one of
the very best schools in the country. His
plan of teaching and enforcement of dis
cipline. is sufficient guarantee that the
pupil will he instructed both mentally and
morally. An examination and exhibition
given by ('apt. Smith in July last attest
what 1 have said. Connected with the
school is a department of music, over
which M iss LouPrudden, late of Eaton ton,
presides, to the complete satisfaction of |
her patrons. The school is as it deserves I
o he, very flourishing, and we bespeak for \
Capt. Smith and Miss Prudden, greater
success the ensuing year.
On Sabbath days it is gratifying to sec j
the assembling of the Sabbath schools —- !
comprising young gentlemen and ladies ) |
masters and misses, of Methodist,
Presbyterian, and Baptist parentage., ,
It is now truly a Union Sabbath school \
—all is unity, in which there is strength j
and success.
Mr. E. Nebliut on Sabbath afterno ons
instructs the pupils of the school in vocal
music. He is an adapt in the art. of teach
ing music, and the church now has on all
occasion of worship the best of music
dispensed to its congregation, llev. James
L. Fierce is minister to the church, and as
such is both zealous and able. He is
much beloved by the church aud liked by
liis congregation. In his respect, too, the
citizens of the Point enjoy great advantages.
Why is it, Mr. Editor, that some of the
business men of Augusta do not locate
their families at the Point ? I do not
know hut presume lots could he bought of
Mr. J. B. Hart. The water and health
of the place are as good as Middle (I cor,
gia affords, and I should think those of
Augusta’s citizens having children and
wards to educate would gladly avail them
selves of this rare opportunity.
Greene.
Atlanta New Era. —In the last issue
of this enterprising paper it is announced
that Messrs. Prather & Scruggs have dis
posed of the establishment to Dr. Baird
formerly of New Orleans. The Era has
grown rapidly into popular favor, and has
| been an excellent paper. Our best wishes
attend the retiring and in-coming Editors.
Hon. Alexander H. Stephens.--
This gentleman does not contemplate any
; lecturing tour, as lias been announced in
some pai>ers, but designs remaining at
home during the autumn and winter, and
devoting himself to his profession. He is
in unusually good health.
The State Penitentiary. —The com
mittee appointed by the lasi. Legislature
to select an appropriate site for anew
State Penitentiary, have decided upon
Stone Mountain as the most eligible point,
aud will send in a recommendation to that
effect.
Ratification Meeting. —A meeting
was held at the count/ site of Twiggs on
the 24th. The Macon Telegraph says it
was numerously attended, and resolutions
approving the policy of the 14th of
August convention at Philadelphia.
Thieves Caught.— The Covington Ex
aminer tells of two thieves named HuJ
; gins and Giinbrell, who were caught run
ning oxen from a swamp, where they had
secreted them, on Sunday last.
For Milledgeville.— 'The Sun says
seven convicts were sent to the Peniten
tiary at the last session of the county court
in Muscogee.
Northern Elections. —Flections take
place Tuesday next, 2d October, in the
States of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio
and lowa.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 10, IStitS.
Cotton Culture in the South.
Mcßean Station, near Augusta, Ga., \
September 18, 1866. j
To the Editor of the World:
From some familiarity with the views qf
Northern men. unaccustomed to the culti
vation of cotton, I have been impressed by
the ignorance which prevails among them
with regard to details. If you think it
worth publication, I propose to give a
plain and simple statement of all that is
essential to he known in relation to such
business. I will take my own plantation for
my data, as by so doing I leave nothing to
conjecture. This place lies in Burke coun
ty, Georgia. This county is one of the
o!des:t, us it has been one of the best cotton
counties in the State. It is in direct com
munication by railroad with Savannah,
Augusta, and Macon, its Southern bound
arc is the Ogeechee river, and it is tra- .
versed by a number of large streams, i
| which, with you, would be called rivers. ,
The lands are much worn, hut still capable, j
j with the aid of fertilizers, of heavy produc
tion. It belongs to that portion of the State 1
known as Middle Georgia, and which was j
pronounced long since by an eminent geol- j
ogist as the finest cotton region of the j
world. The seasons are remarkable for ;
regularity, and it is exempt from the worm
and rot and other disorders common to the
alluvial section of the cotton States. My
plantation is the best in the county, simply
because it was the last brought into culti
vation ; in other words, the land is less
worn, arid it has a larger proportion of
woodland. In 1801, when the last cotton
crop was made, it yielded over six and a
half bales of live hundred pounds each to
the hand —twenty-five hands operating—
-111
fifty acres were in cotton, averaging about
two and one-third acres to the hale ; one
hundred and fifty acres in corn and peas,
averaging about twelve bushels to the acre;
besides there was a field of wheat, and the
usual patches of potatoes, turnips, sugar
cane, and vegetables—but these are thrown
out of the general estimate. The cotton
and corn comprised an area of five hundred
acres, twenty-five acres to the hand, and
about thirty-five acres to the horse. This
is below the usual allowance to the hand
and the horse, hut the land was very fer
tile, and the grass flourished as well as the
crop. Every hill of corn was manured with
cotton seed, aud two hundred acres of cot
ton with guano and compost. I believe
that the same allowance to the hand and
horse can now ho cultivated even with our
deteriorated free labor. I will now pro
ceed to supply a tabular estimate, based
upon a crop of one hundred and fifty hales,
allowing something for the disadvantages
of free labor :
For a crop of 150 bales 400 acres.
2,000 bushels of corn 200 acres.
To cultivate this it will roquire : Hr.
16 good mules, $l5O each $2,400
30 hands 3,500
2,000 bushels com 2,000
! 20,000 pounds of fodder or liny.,
| 81 50percwt 300
4,500 pounds of bacon, 18c 818
| Overseer 600
j Guanos and fertilizers 1,500
| Cottonseeds, Wagons, plows, Ac... 1,000
j-Total expenses $12,110
■ Os this, payable at end of year.... 4,100
Cash required SB,OIO
tV.
75,000 lbs. cotton, 25cperpound $18,750
2,000 bushels corn 2,000
20,000 lbs. fodder or liay 300
Mules, less 10 per cent, for loss 2,100
Cotton seed, wagons, plows, &c 1,000
Total $24,210
Deduct as above 12,110
Profits $12,100
From this should be deducted the
price at which the place was
rented this year $3,000
Also the tax of 3c. per lb. for lilt.
Revenue 2,250
Leaving as pro tit on the year’s
operations $6,850
The scoond year the outlay -would be
largely diminished,and the profits increased.
But to insure this result good land, good
seasons, and good cultivation are indispen
sable. The present year has been the
most unfavorable in all its aspects that I
can remember. A drought setting in at
the middle of June, the most critical pe
riod, continued until the last of July, and
at my plantation for three weeks longer.
The parties planting it, relied, without any
manure, with certainty on 125 bales cotton,
and will probablymake 8W —and they have
the best land and best crop m the county
—while the corn has failed more than one
half. Since the rains set in they have al
most been continuous, utterly destroying
all hope of the late crop of cotton.
There are very few, at least, in that fer
tile and extensive region, scourged by the
drought, who will make much effort to
ward another crop next year. The rem- I
nant of their means was exhausted in the j
preparation for the present crop—their
efforts have proved futile. The very ele
ments combined to rob them of the reward
of their toil and privation, without means,
money, or credit, hacked by the enormous
tax upon cotton, despondency and despair
have succeeded the aroused energies with
which the year was begun. The destitu
tion of our people is appalling to our
selves. You at the North seem to think
that we should regard ourselves as
blessed if we are allowed to breathe
the free air of heaven. This privilege is
almost the only one left us. We are with
out a government, and we do not know
that we have even a country that we can
call our own. The cherished remembrance
of our kindred and friends, whose bones
lie thickly scattered over all our fair land,
is the only thought that is left us. Our
most earnest effort—our great trouble is to
shield from want and suffering the help
less ones dependent upon us. This it is
that occupies at all times our thoughts, to
the exclusion of every other consideration.
We are subdued, patient, submissive —
faithful to the laws and obedient to those
having authority. It is only when we are
commanded to love a government that
knows us but to oppress us ; when we are
ordered to forget our dead, that a fitful
gleam of the old fire is lighted up. That
lovely idol of Northern men and women,
the inevitable negro, is, as he has always
been, and ever will be, working when he is
forced to work, and doing as little as pos
sible even then, ever consoling himself with
the reflection that next year be will not
work. Those who are left to themselves
vary the monotomy of life in stealing,
chain gangs, jails and penitentiaries, con
tent in either position so it relieves them
of the necessity of earning their own living.
They are kindly treated by the whites, and
a perfectly good feeling exists on both
sides. We look with anxious earnestness
to the results of the conservatism now em
bodying at the North. * * *
Swiss Laborers for the South.
The Rev. R F. White writes to the
New Orleans Christian. Advocate , from
Zurich, Switzerland, July 17, as follows :
I can secure as many laborers as l want
by paying their way to the United States.
1 can get thousands oit the following con
ditions : They will bind themselves to
labor {and they work twice as.hard as ne
: groes generally) for you for one or two
j years, for their passage across the ocean,
board and clothing ; and at the end of the
time the expenses will be deducted front
, the gross receipts for the products of their
' labor, and the balance divided between
them and their employer two-thirds. To
illustrate : it will take $23 to take them to
New Orleans, and say one hundred and
fifty dollars to clothe and feed for one year:
say he makes seven bales of cotton and
fifty barrels of corn, worth in all $800;
take from |BOO sl7sexpense, leavings62s;
now one third —two hundred and eighty
dollars, the share of the laborer—and four
hundred and seventeen dollars, the share
|of the employer. They will enter into
written obligations before the United
States Consul here, which he (the consulj
assures me is binding, and will hold them
in the United States. I think it a good
chance for our farmers ; say commence
with only ten hands, two hundred and fifty
j or three hundred dollars will put them
: on the place, the probable net pro
ceeds will be about four hundred dollars:
and with this, the second year you can
etdarge to any extent most desirable. If a
: failure, there is but little lost, probably
nothing: expenses are first paid, then if
; anything is left it is divided. Or thev are
wiiiiug. after all expenses of feed for horses,
I plow sharpening, etc., are paid, to divide
; the next proceeds in half. The people
i seem nice, industrious and intelligent.
Our kind regards to our friends. My ad
dress is Zurich, care of United States Con
, Sill.
Henry Wilson, Senator from Massachus
etts. addressed a radical meeting inlndiau
apolis on Saturday night. He said that
the promotions of such men as Granger.
Custer and other soldiers who attended'the
Cleveland Convention would not be con
firmed by the Senate. A preacher named
' McMullen followed in a speech in which
| he said that the assassination of President
Johnson would not be a very serious ca
| lamity.
' A quarry of variegated marble has been
discovered in Alabama, near the Chatta
nooga Railroad. A specimen has been ex
hibited in Nashville, and is found to sus
tain u higher polish than the marble of
East Tennessee.
JEFFEBSOI DAVIS.
Interesting Interview with the Prisouer
at Fortress Monroe* >Mr. Marls “A
living Man,” Ac., &e., Ac.
We are happy to bqjPMp to lay before
/ an authentic ac
count of the interview lgtWeen Mr. Davis
and 51 r. JohnD. Kelly, fbont which the pa
pers have, for the part-few days, had so
much to say, which was mere speculation.
Our coirespondent pyiuises, as will be
seen, to follow this witljjrahuthcr letter on
the same theme:
To th Editor of the
Please let me say twwgh your paper
that 1 have just returnJßroip Yraphingtou
without any bishop, IWPL or deacon ac
companying me; that lyrote a letter to
our martyr, Jeff. ILvidwgmc weeks since,
to which I got no respoffeuntil the return
of Mrs. Davis, lie i otsßafeing allowed to
write : that in eouipiaßee with the spirit
of that response 1 hdjjjtenqji to Fortress
Monroe, on the ITta ibst., just as Lliave
done many a lime for opr poor soldiers or
poor negroes under sappee; that I pro
ceeded "to Washingiopl after seeing the
terrib'e condition of Jfijo -Davis and have
’.ling, foot-sore and
weary, not without hopes for the final safe
ty of him whom I coiwsicntiously believe
to be about the able® and best man in
America. Prudence, wjtotttl seldom listen
to, and whom I iiatur.dpbate as the devil
docs holy water, make# me silent for the
present about toy Washsnigton visit._ I
will tell all about it hereafter! M*. Davis
is greatly debilitated and declining . very
fast. During break! iist he gave us some
rich, sparkling getuS’-' ppliticij! wisdom
s
such day spent in my life. It was at La
grange in 1828, when Lafayette and Cardi
nal Mazzofonte wore debating on high
matters of literature and art, and I was a
mere silent absorbent of the golden treasure
of liquid thought.
1 arrived at the Fortress about an hour
before Mr. Davis left his prison. This
time I spent in reading some of the nume
rous papers that were brought in that
morning. Presently Mrs. Davis joined
me, and we had a very agreeable discus
sion, in which she maintained that the
American people, North and South, were
as noble a people as any on the earth, and
I maintained, chiefly for argument’s sake,
that the aristocracy of all lands, the real
aristocracy, were markedly superior to the
masses «f the people. I maintained that
the catacombs ot Rome and Paris showed
a gradual approximation to a certain type
of character which was not even yet at
tained except in the aristocracy of worth.
She insisted that the heads of Phidias and
Praxiteles were not equalled in modern
times with Christianity and all the ap
pliances of culture. She cited the remarks
of many distinguished foreigners, who
called her attention to the fact that the
American people could more easily adapt
themselves to and more thoroughly embody
the true principle of politeness than any
other Democratic people in the world. Just
then I made a wicked query that killed a
good deal of this theory. “.Mrs. Davis,
how do the many strangers that come here
behave towards Mr. Davis?” “Ah,” said
she, “almost all the Northern women that
come peer through the blinds in the most
indelicate manner, so that we are often
obliged to i-etire to the inner casemate to
avoid their rude glances. ” “Mrs Davis,
no refined, instinctively polite people could
possibly be guilty of such grossness. So
you have demolished your own theory.”
We then talked for a while about educa
tion, where and by whom best ministered
and acquired, in which I felt proud that
my own maturely formed opinions were
adopted by this highly gifted and imperial
minded woman.
At this time wc saw a slender, shadowy,
tottering form approach the door. Some
thing in my heart told me it was Mr. Davis.
Strange, mystic human heart, with its
divination and prophecies! Bible of the I
true! Infallible God-word to every human :
soul that has ever been magnetized with 1
love! I had known this man at a time !
when liis word swayed an empire composed ;
of as noble men and as glorious God-gifted |
women as has e' r er appeared in the tide j
of time. I have obtained at his hands the j
sparing of the lives of forty-seven Con- !
federate soldiers during the war. I got off ;
fourteen Federal soldiers condemned to !
death. 1 got his. written permit —no order J
- to allow Inc to visit all the Federal prisons']
and alleviate, in all lawful ways, then
sufferings. I have prayed at this good j
man’s bedside fora blessing of God upon
him commensurate to the mercy he might j
extend to others, and that lie might hope
for himself, should the changes of time
ever make him a suppliant for this benefi
cence.
And now lie is before me a prisoner—
good God ! llow changed ! The last
time I saw him his brow seemed decked,
not only with a crown of intelligent glory,
but with a sort of primus interpares —halo
of all the kingly chivalries of the past ages.
Now he was bent, broken, reeling. But
oh ! that voice, its timbre, cadence, tone !
“I am glad to see you Mr. Kelley; your
hair is whiter than it was that beautiful
autumn morning that you prayed by my
bedside in Richmond. Your heart too has
been seared. Well, thank God, amidst it
all, and by it all, we arc ripening for the
skies. ” “Mr. Davis, has it never occurred
to you that, not victorious, but defeated :
causes, when founded on truth and honor, |
are finally victorious in the flow of the i
ages? Who was the greatest man, Tibe
rius at Caprea, sunk in the infamies of!
sensualism, or the Nazarine, crowned with ■
thorns, and uttering those words of
amid the agonies of the cross : ‘Father,
forgive them, they know not what they
do V’ ’ ’ True, said Mr. Davis, no good
cause ever dies. Whatever was true m
our theory of State rights will live, and ho
yet adopted entirely by our Northern
brethren. The American people are emi
nently thoughtful and practical, assimila
ting to themselves truth from every point;
witness their wonderful improvements in
the practical arts. You know how the
i Normans conquered the Saxons at Ilast
i ings—how they oppressed and wronged
I them : yet in the course of three centuries
; the ideas of the conquered subdued their
i conquerors and led the United Kingdom
! to the conquest of that very France whence
! the conquerors came. Centuries in the
past were no more than decades in the
; present. I have no fear as to the ultimate
triumph of our principles, purified from
whatever was wrong or selfish in them, as
I you and I have been purified by sorrow.
“Do you remem te r, Mr. Davis, that
. couplet of Lady Guion’s translated by
i Cowper?”
“The path of sorrow, anil that path alone,
: Leads to the place where sorrows are un
known.”
Yes, I remember it well. It is the com
pencl of Christianity. The world has never
yet fully appreciated that aspect, the ccce
homo of Christ. I have read more m the
! old hooks, probably, than you have, Mr.
Davis ; let me recite to you an instance m
tlia life of Julian ; He had oppressed and
thwarted Cyril, of Jerusalem, in various
ways; at last, on going to the Part.uuu war,
' he met the good bishop in great distress
- on account of the miseries ot his flock. ±le
then said to him, “Cm, where is your
carpenter God now? ’ _ The Bishop an
swe red, u PerfcapSt Disking a. coffin lor the
Roman Emperor. I have never heard
that before, but it is full of significance and
a terrible rebuke to unholy pride and self
confidence. , . , .„ ,
After nr-iver wo proceeded to breakfast,
which. 6 had Three covers, one each for Mr.
and Mrs. Davis and one for me Ihe
breakfast consisted of some nice rolls and
toast, good tea, butter, and a few oysters.
Mr. Davis eat very sparingly.
I omitted to mention in its proper place
that Mrs. Davis met bun at the door, put
her arms around his neck and kissed him.
After he -vis seated she brought him their
little child Elicit he kissed, seated on his
knee, and. as I thought by the motion of
his beautifully chiselled lips, prayed se
cretly for. _• i. n e xr-
After breakfast, Bishop Green, of Mis
sissippi, was introduced fine greeting
was cordial and affectionate. Mr. Davis
alluded with great delicacy to some family
afflictions of the Bjshop-to which the
latter responded with a quivering lip
and a tearful eye. Hereafter I will give
you a pen and ink picture of these two
men as thev limned themselves on the
convass of memory- Here I only propose
to give a part of the conversation that oc
cupied that whole morning- Our people all
love and revere our late excellent I resident
To meet their craving to know something
about him from the heart, or inner life
SZd-hS. two or three
papers more on tms. subject I ought not
to close without saying that he evinces the
most thorough spirit of forgiveness to
wards his enemies. Like every sensible
man. he separates the wheat fromi the chaff,
and does not condemn the Northern peo
ple in mass —neither Democrats, Republi
cans or Radicals are fiends or angels They
and wo are poor living mortals following
the best light we have, and should be char
itable to one another s faults.
JohnD. Keiley.
[Petersburg Index■
Mr. Wiley Russell has been appointed
Sheriff of Bibb county, to fill out the un-
I expired]term of J. J Hodges, deceased.
The Poor Bohemians.
The following account of the condition of
the people of Bohemia, is well calculated
to teach us discomfit ted Confeds that our
condition —hard as it is—might he much
worse. It should at least inspire confi
dence in the resources of our soil, which
enabled us to maintain a protracted war
without reducing any considerable portion
of our people to the straits produced by a
month, s campaign in Bohemia.
To the war-stricken people of Austria
the conclusion of peace is a most blessed
consummation, and to none more so than
to the Bohemians. They had to bear the
brunt of the destructive struggle. As soon
as it became certain that the disputes be
tween Austria and Prussia were to be de
cided by the sword, the vast industrial in
terests of the province at once underwent
utter prostration. Os the hundreds of
factories, some of which employ in busy
tinies as high as two thousand men and
women, in- the numerous industrial towns
in Northern Bohemia, along the base of
the great mountains, every one stopped
operations; and it is estimated that fully
one hundred thousand people were thrown
out of employment. There is no poorer
industrial population in any part of the
globe than the weavers and spinners inhab
iting the Southern slopes of the Giant and
Ore Mountains. Their wages in the most
prosperous times are pitiful. The equiva
lent of about a dollar in gold a week
is the highest amount the most skil
ful and hard-working among them
can earn, by laboring from live in the
morning till nine in the evening. Tens of
r-f "ii "(mm
such small earnings they are just able to
eke out a most miserable living—it is a no
torious fact that they subsist almost alto
gether on pot toes, like the poor Irish, and
can never sa\ e anything to fall hack on in
hard times —will he easily understood. To
be without work is with them to starve.
Besides tla: misery produced among the
industrial population, the war lias reduced
the poor peasantry, that constitutes eight
tenths of the agricultural class, to similar
extremities. Like the factory people, they
barely support themselves from year to
year, and never prosper enough to lay by
anything for a rainy day. A single failure
of a crop always brings them to the verge
of starvation. The sweeping Prussian
requisition having absorbed not only most
of their crop of this year, hut also deprived
them of their working cattle, they are like
wise threatened with famine. The accounts
that reach here of the condition of the
lower classes in all parts of the kingdom
are most distressing. Every day deputa
tions arrive to make appeals for assistance
to the Austrian Governors. The Govern
ment must needs furnish aid to the worst
stricken districts, or Bohemia will be the
scene of the most terrible suffering during
the next few months. Beggary is increas
ing everywhere to an alarming extent.
Even here in Prague one cannot -walk in
the streets without being beset by swarms
of mendicants. In passing one of the pub
lic buildings, still occupied by the Prus
sians, this morning, I noticed a crowd of
some 200 men, women and children beg
ging'lneat and bread of the soldiers who
were eating their breakfasts at the win
dows. One of the Prussians informed me
that such scenes occurred twice a day there
and in front of other buildings used as
magazines. The municipal authorities very
wisely did not suspend work upon the pub
lic improvements during the Prussian occu
pation, hut employed poor men and women
in order to afford means of support to a
portion of the poor. But for this the city
would be now obliged to feed at least two
tenths of her population in addition to the
Prussians.
As in almost every other city, town aud
village in the invaded provinces, the
cholera has raged in Prague very violently
for some weeks, and secured hundreds of
victims among all classes. Strange as it
may seem, the upper elements of society
have suffered more than the lower strata,
whose filthy habits are proverbial. Os
Prussian officers especially an extraordi
nary percentage died of the plague; among
them one General and several colonels;
most of these were dead within a few hours
after the first symptoms of the disease.
The grand palaces of the Princes Schwar
zeuberg, Firstenberg, Lobkowtz and Kin
. sky,.and pf ..fiouut AValdstoidj aud other
rich noblemen on the Kleinsite, all Bocaiiie
cholera-hospitals by the sudden appearance
of the plague among the officers quartered
in them. In the palace of Count
Waldstein, once the property of the
great Wallenstein, Duke of Friedland, no
less than seven died in two days. All
the grand buildings are at this moment en
tirely deserted, both their owners with
tlioir servants and the military intruders
having hastily left from dread of the
disease, ft he Prussian quartermasters
and commissary departments unwittingly
came very near adding fuel to the flame
by offering for sale to the public large
quantities (if spoiled meat and grain. _ On
the day of the sale great crowds of the
poor had gathered at the railroad depot
where the condemned stuff was stored,
eager to purchase. But at the last moment
a protest of the Burgomaster against the
disposal of the dangerous food to the popu
lation of the city, stopped the sale. Prague
being one of the most intensely Catholic
and superstitious cities on the face of the
globe, it is not to be wondered that throngs
of people can be seen at all hours of the
day kneeling in front of the countless
shrines and statues of saints in public
places and thorough-fares praying for
deliverance from the plague.
I’ius the Ninth May Seek Shelter From
England.
It is extremely doubtful whether Pius
IX. can live in llomc with Victor Eman
uel. The Primitive Church is cited as an
example. But the example shows the im
possibility of the joint habitation by the
martyrdom of so many Popes for three
hundred years, and by the voluntary exile
of Constantine to Byzantium. And it is
in the name of liberty that persecution is
offered as an ideal to the Church ! If it
be a part of the arrangements of Victor
Emanuel to leave the Pope a portion of
Rome, that portion will be lessened every
day, and Pius IX. would be about as free
in the Vatican as was Louis XI'I. in the
Tuileries or the Tower of the Temple. A
residence at Malta would secure to both
him and the Cardinals more complete lib
erty. The Pope will consult the interests ;
of the Church alone, hut should he ask
France to keap her troops at Ponte for a j
year or two longer, it. is probable that
France will refuse, were it only to dispel
the dark cloud which the exile of Pius IX.
would cast over the exposition of 1807.
We cannot see, indeed, what is to pre
vent the Italian revolution from ascending
the capitol. France abandons Pome;
Austria makes advances to King Victor
Emanuel; all the Catholic powers become
mere and more entangled in revolutionary
embarrassments, under the pretext of es
caping from the embarrassment of the
Roman question. Christian Princes seem
"more disposed to ally themselves to the
revolution than to rise in defense or' the
Holy Father and the Catholic Church.
Pome, then, for one reason or another, is
really abandoned by men. It is quite
natural, therefore, that the Cialdinis, Pi
easolis and Garabaldis should prepare their
moral means for taking possession of it.
The only power which the revolution lias
now to fear is God. But what is God in
1 the eyes of certain persons who are in the
high places in power? A child’s scare
scrow. All this is horrible, but it is true.
Two Dutchmen, who built and used in
! common a small bridge over a steam which
: ran through their farms, had a dispute
| concerning some repairs which it required,
i and one of them positively refused to boar
any portion of the expense necessary to the
purchase of a few planks._ Finally, the
aggrieved party went to a neighboring law
-1 ver, and placing ten dollars in his hand,
! ‘said :
‘ 1 11 give you all dish moneys if you 11
make Hans do justice mit de pridge.”
“How much will it cost to repair it ?”
asked the houest lawyer.
“Xot more ash five tollar,” replied the
Dutchman.
“Very well,” said the lawyer, jiocket
inar one of the notes and giving him the
other; “take this and go get the bridge
repaired ; tis the best course you can
take,”
“Yaas,” said the Dutchman slowly,
“yaas, dat ish more better as to quarrel
mit Hanshut as he went along home
he shook hh head frequently, as if unable,
after all, to see quite clearly how he had
gained anything by going to law.
Health of Charleston. —Rev. Mr.
Yates writes to the Courier that out of
10,000 to 12,000 cases of fever that have
I occurred in Charleston during the last six
weeks, not more than twelve deaths have
! occurred. He states that no cases of yel
low fever have occurred.
Health of Savannah. —The Board of
Health at Savannah, report the total num
ber of deaths for the week to be sixty
three, of which fifteen were whites, three
1 from cholera, and forty-eight negroes,
j twenty-three from cholera.
Mby Jefferson Davis has not Been
Tried.
We have given the reason assigned by
the President, that he had no power over
the subject, which was one relating solely
to the Courts. The Tribune contains the
following, in reply to the President,
which the radical papers declare to he a
semi-official defence of Secretary Chase.
The public, as well as posterity, have a
common interest in knowing why Mr.
Davis is suffered to pine in confinement,
and we therefore deem it proper to pub
lish the defence of those who before the
world are held responsible fer the post
ponement of the trial. The defence ap
pears to us to he au array of special plead
ing and of subterfuges, leaving the respon
sibility between Congress and the omcers
of the Court, and failing to fix it upon tlic
President.
1. The Chief Justice has no more to do
with the trial of Jeff. Davis than any other
Justice, except that it happens that the
Chief Justice was allotted or assigned to
the Circuit in which Virginia is, to accom
modate J udge Swayne, who desired to be
allotted the Circuit in which Ohio is.
2. The Chief J ustiee, when he holds a
Court, tries what eases lie happens to find
on the docket, if they are ready for trial.
It makes no difference tohim who the par
ties are ; his duty is to administer the
law.
3. The Chief Justice has never inquired,
and probably never will inquire, what cases
arc to come before him, except in the regu
lar course and way. He neither seeks nor
4. The Chief Justice has held three”
terms of the Circuit Court for the. District
of Maryland since his appointment, nearly
two years ago. These were indictments
for treasoii pending as the first term, and,
except in certain cases where the accused
individually have been pardoned, they are
pending yet. The Government has not
thought proper to proceed to trial in any
of these cases. If the Government had
desired a judical exposition of the law of
treason, it might have been had from the
Chief Justice at either of those terms, in
April and November, 1565, or in April,
1866.
5. Early last spring, Bradly T. John
son —a double traitor, if treason consists in
levying war against his own State as well as
against the 1 nited States—was arrested in
Maryland for treason, and was held to
hail by the district Judge. Gen. Grant
requested to have him discharged without
bail, on the ground that he was not liable
to arrest or trial, because he had been pa
roled ret the time of the surrender qf Lee
or Johnston ; and the President thereupon
ordered the discharge through the Attor
ney General, and, on motion of the Dis
trict Attorney, under direction of the At
torney General, the District Judge directed
the discharge. Upon the propriety of
this interference by the Executive with the
course of regular judicial proceedings, it
is unnecessary to express an opinion,
though it affords abundant ground for the
reflection ofthoughtful men. It prevented
the expression of a judicial-opinion as to
the effect of military paroles upon liabili-.
ties to punishment for treason and other
crimes.
6. The Chief Justice held no Court in
Virginia in 1866, because the writ of habeas
corpus was suspended and martial law
enforced within its territory; in his judg
ment all Courts in a region under martial
law must be quasi military Courts, and it
was neither right nor proper that the
Chief Justice oran Associate Justice oftnc
Supreme Court of the United States —the
highest tribunal of the nation, and head of
one of the co-ordinate departments of the
Government—should hold a Court subject
to the control or supervision of the execu
tive department, exercising the military
power. In this judgment all lawyers of
respectability, of whatever political opin
ions, will concur.
7. Soon after the adjournment of the
Supreme Court in April last, the President
issued a proclamation, the effect of which
seemed to the Chief Justice to be the abro
gation of martial law and military govern
ment, and the restoration of the writ of
habeas corpus in all the States except
j Texas; and wc understand lie determined
i thereupon to, hold a Circuit Court at the
j ensuing. May term in Virginia; but various
Exdc-utfve orders, inconsistent with the
conclusion that military government had
ceased, soon followed the proclamation, and
led to an apprehension that the construction
put upon it was not intended by the Presi
dent. The Chief Justico, it is therefore to
be presumed, reconsidered his purpose to
hold a Circuit Court.
8. Desirous, however, to omit no duty,
the Chief Justice, it is reported, called on
the President in April or May last, and
requested him to issue a proclamation (of
which the Chief Justice submitted a draft)
declaring, in unequivocal terms, that mar
tial law was abrogated and the writ of ha
beas corpus restored in all cases of which
the Courts of the United States had ju
risdiction, and in respect to all process
issuing from such courts. This was not
done.
9. Subsequently, however, another pro
clamation was issued, affirming the resto
ration of peace throughout the whole
country, which has, as yet, been followed
by no order asserting the continuance of
military government. Under the procla
mation, therefore, it seems fair to conclude
that martial law and military government
are permanently abrogated and the writ of
habeas corpus fully restored; and this con
clusion warrants the holding of courts by
the Chief Justice and Associate Justices as
the law may direct.
10. There is no act of Congress, however,
which authorizes the holding of any Circuit
Court in Virginia until the November term
—beginning the fourth Monday in Novem
ber—unless the Chief Justice shall order a
special term, as he is authorized to do by
au act of the last session, The Chief Jus
tice would no doubt order a special term if
the District Attorney and the Attorney
General should represent to him that such
a proceeding is needed for the administra
tion of public just ice.
11. An act of the last session of Congress
changes all the Circuits (except the first
and second, which include the Districts in
New England and New York, ) and reduces
the number from ten to nine; but it neither
makes nor authorizes any allotment of the
Chief Justice or Associate Justices to these
new Circuits; aad it seems doubtful
whether the old allotment gives any juris
j diction to hold courts in the District which
happen to remain in the same Circuits nu
merically as at the time of that allotment;
while it is quite certain that neither the
| Chief Justice nor any Associate Jusiicecan
i exercise jurisdiction in any circuit except
| by allotment or assignment under an act of
i Congress. It is a matter of extreme doubt,
1 therefore, whether the Chief Justice can,
after all, hold any court in Virginia until
after some further legislation by Congress
making or authorizing allotments to the
new Circuits.
12. The absence of the Chief Justice or
a Justice of the Supreme Court from any
Circuit ’ does not, however, prevent the
holding of Circuit Courts; for the law
provides expressly that, in the absence of a
Justice of the Supreme Court, a Circuit
Court may he held by the District Judge.
i Circuit Courts have, accordingly, been held
in all the Circuits within the rebel States
; by the District Judges ever since the es
i tablishment of the authority of the United
I States, and the appointment, of the judges.
! These courts, during military govern
j ments, were held, of course, subject to
j military control and supervision, to which,
under the circumstances, District Judges
| might, perhaps, more properly submit
than the Justices of the Supreme Court.
Os course, any trial which might have
i taken place, the Chief Justice or an Asso
j oiate Justice being present, might have
j taken place, with equal jurisdiction and
; equal effect, the Chief Justice or an Asso
ciate Justice being absent. •
Louis Kossuth.—The following touch
ing description of Louis Kossuth is from
a late latter from Paris;
; It is at the Case Florida —a man of
! heirs so white that you do not note their
i thinness, bowed down, and meek, and
silent, yet very kindly eyed ; hut never
flushed by any period to which he comes,
| passed the young dreams of a grand free
■ state, but waiting yet, though death seems
closer than freedom, reading the journal
I all apart, so respected that not the busiest
intruder does more irreverence thanloox
with mild and loving askanti ess toward
where he sits, alone, aged, very thougnttu .
The Cotton of Florida. The Com
missioper of the General Land Office lias
received a highly interesting report from
the register of the local land office at Tal
lahassee. Florida, in regard to the natural
resources of that State, from which the
following extract is made.
The best sea island cotton is grown on
the eastern coast, and none finer in quality
is produced in the South. In a majority
of cases, upon plantations, the number of
hands employed would lie duplicated by
i the planters if laborers could lie procured.
NEW SERIES, VOL. NXV: NO. 42.
Civil Rights in South Carolina,
The South Carolina Legislature, at 4ts
l eccnt session, passed the following hill “to
oclare the rights of persons lately known
| as s ' a ves and free persons of color
j ]Jtrt -‘ Cv U That all persons
hitherto known m law in this State as
I qf' !?’ Pf as free persons of color, shall have
i if lt to , mak ° and enforce contracts, to
', c> be sued, to he affiants and give evi
dence, to inherit, to purchase, lease sell
hold, convey and assign real and pe’rsonal
pioperty, make wills and testaments, and
i u ;. nave lull and equal benefits of the rights
of personal security, personal liberty and
| private property and of all remedies and
proceedings for the enforcement and pro
tection ot the same as white persons now
have, and shall not he subjected to any
other oi different punishment, pain or
penalty for the commission of any act or
offence, than such as prescribed for white
persons committing like acts of offence.
Sec. 2. That all acts and parts of acts
specially relating to persons lately slaves
and free persons of color, contrary to the
provisions of this act, or inconsistent with
any of its provisions, be and the same are
hereby repealed: Provided, That nothing
herein contained shall be construed to re
peal so much of the Bth section of an act
entitled "An Act to establish and regulate
the domestic relations of persons of color,
and to amend the law in relation to pau
pers and vagrancy,” ratified the twenty
first day of December, in the year of our
Lord 1865, as enacts that marriages be
tween a white person and persons of color
shall be illegal and void.
Skies Brighten in,g.
M| Jolm Forsyth. Esq., of the Mobile
York, September 19th say's :
l think I discern a better feeling the
past few days on the subject of the political
contest. The Democrats and the Conser
vatives are not dismayed, and it is belived
that the vote of the two New England
States will only stimulate them to repeat
the history of former years, when the
October and November elections of the
Middle States have so often reversed the
judgments pronounced at the Yankee polls.
There is much in the aspect of affairs to
alarm those classes of the community who
desire peace and order. You will observe
how freely talk of civil war is indulged
in by the newspapers on both sides. The
great cities of the North have everything
to dread from the occurrence of such a
calamity. They all contain a monster,
now chained down by the bonds of society
and the vigilance and vigor of police re
gulation, which it would he perilous to
turn loose in the saturnalia of civil strife.
The Now York mob pf the second year of
the war gave the people a foretaste that
is vividly remembered of what might hap
pen in such an event. Hence the men of
substance are generally ranged on the Con
servative side, and with the truly patriotic
and Union men, are in favor of the im
mediate and full restoration of the South
erh States. On the general subject of the
future plans and operations on the Ad
ministration side, I expect to have better
information in a few days. The impeach
ment of tlic President or the organization
of the next Congress are likely to he the
periods of the great strain upon and trial
of the American system of government.
Tlic Radical Hquad in North Carolina.
Avery able citizen of North Carolina,
who, not many years since, was very con
spicuous in the politics of that State, thus
writes to a friend in Washington City :
A Radical convention came off at Raleigh
on yesterday. 1 learn that eight counties
were represented by eighteen men, about
half of them citizens of North Carolina.
I am informed that the assemblage took
place at Mr. W. \Y. Holden’s private resi
dence, and that they nominated a candi
date for Governor. Y r ou may rest assured
that there are not one thousand voters in
the State who favor the Congressional
plan of reconstruction. Our people are as
nearly unanimous in support of President
Johnson and his policy as a people can he,
and their enthusiastic admiration of aud
devotion to President Johrlson personally
exceed anything yon can conceive. To
give you an idea of the state of public
opinion here, the Standard, (Mr. Holden’s
paper] has for weeks been calling on every
body to come to this Radical convention,
without Wailing to be appointed by-a meet
ing; and although it has been given out in
the Standard that it would be a mass con
vention, to which all who came would be
admitted, yet there was in the meeting, 1
am informed, hut one man besides Holden
from this county, in which last year Holden
received fourteen hundred majority for
Governor. I care nothing about it, ex
cept that it will he published in flaming
capitals by the Radical press all over the
North, that there lias been a regular Radi
cal convention held in North Carolina,
and a Governor nominated on a Radical
platform.
To he Extirpated.
The Philadelphia Press prints a speech
from John W. Forney, at Lackawanna, Pa.,
on the 15th., from which the following is
an extract:
“If the Southern people do not ratify
this (negro equalization) amendment, or if
they defeat it, what then ? I think I see
by the glitter of your eyes, arid I know by
the throbbing of my heart, that if they
should ever be guilty of this uew infatua
tion, the war that would ensue would es
tablish this fact, that that which has
passed was hut as child’s play, or as a pic
nic to that which will conic come. The
army that will go to the Southern country
will go there to stay ; it will not he an ar
my of invasion, but an army of migration ;
it will not go there to revenge, but to
extirpate. Brownlow’s remedy will in
deed he tried. There will he throe
columns; the one to kill, the sec
ond to burn, the third to divide the
plantations among the men who go down
the second time to avenge the insulted flag
of our country. I see this sublime re
solve in the glitter of your eyes, and I feel
it in the throbbing of my heart, 1 feel it
every where. I hear it in the trumpet
voice of destiny. That we shall not pre
vail against these men is to expect that
God is dead.”
Forney is a candidate for United States
Senator from Pennsylvania, and is stump
ing the State in 'advocacy of his “claims"
to that distinguished position. He re
flects the spirit that animates the mad
Radicals,
Those Ohio River “Guerillas.”—
Considerable sensation was produced a few
days since by the report, which first origi
nated in the Cincinnati papers,; that a
United States mail agent was captured
near Warsaw, on the Ohio river, by a
band of Rebel guerillas. Although wc
thought tho story quite improbable at the
timo. wc published it as we found it in the
Louisville Courier. It now turns out that
the mail agent, whose name is Dr. Farris,
had been indicted for murder in the Circuit
Court of Gallatin county, Ky., and that
the party of men who captured him was
the Sheriff of that county and his posse
commitatus. So much for the band of
Rebel guerillas, and their murderous de
signs on the Doctor. The ease came up
before Judge Ballard in Louisville, on
Monday, and the prisoner was hold to bail
in the sum of $2,000 for his appearance in
the United States Circuit Court in Februa
ry next.
In the meantime, Gen. Jeff. C. Davis,
commanding at Louisville, has ordered one
of the strongest companies in his command,
with camp and garrison equipage, rations
for one month, anil eighty rounds of am
munition, to take post immediately at
Warsaw, the point at which Dr. Farris
was arrested. Whether this procedure on
the part of the military authorities is based
on the sensation reports of the Cincinnati
papers with relation to guerillas, or from
information believed to render their pres
i ence necessary for other reasons, is more
than we can say.— Nashville Dispatch.
Loyal Papers.— The following papers,
published in the Southern States, sustain
the policy of Congress :
In Memphis the Past ; in Nashville the
Press a- Times and the Colored Tennes
seean ; in New Orleans the Tribune ; in
Augusta the Loyal Georgian ; in Charles
ton the South Carolina Leader ; in Savan
nah the Republican; in Mobile the Nation
alist ; in Richmond the New Nation ; in
San Antonio the Express ; in Newborn the
Times , which holds an “independent”
position; in Horner, La., the Iliad; and in
Harrison, Hamilton county Tenn., the
Unconditional. Four or five of the above
are controlled bv freedmen.
Effects of the Frost.— The facts
about the late frosts as regards the effect -
on corn in Illinois, may be briefly .summed
up thus: In the southern part of the
State no damage has been done to the
crop, in the central part the injury lias
been slight, and in the Northern part the
damage has been great, probably destroying
an aggregate of about one-third of the j
crop.
The Reported Views of Ren. Grant.
The Providence (11. I.) Post prints a
letter from Ben. C. Truman, who accom
panied the President and suite on their
late excursion to Chicago as special corres
pondent of the New York Times, in regard
to the views which a reporter for the Chica
go Republican gives as those entertained
by Gen. Grant- Mr. Truman, whose let
ter is dated at Providence, B. 1.. Sept. 21,
says:
I saw enough of Gen. Grant during the
Presidential trip to kuow that he makes
no political statements whatever, and no
gentleman will bore him on such matters.
You may depend upon it, that when poli
ticians or newspaper men profess to have
been in conversation with Gen. Grant upon
political affairs, be they Badicals, Conserv
atives, Republicans, Johnson men, or
Democrats, and state this or that authori
tatively as his political opinion, they speak
falsely and disrespectfully. «Gen. ltaw
liugs, Grant’s chief of staff, said to me
one day, “I tell you, Truman, Grant never
talks politics, lie is no politician ; and, if
he entertains any political opinions at all,
lam not aware of the fact/’ “It is deci
dedly ludicrous,” he added, “to see first
one side claim him and then the other.”
Well, to return to the Republican re
porter, he did what no other gentleman
did on board, and that was, to bore Gen.
Grant on political matters. Gen. Rawlings,
Senator Patterson, Mr. W. \Y. Warden,
Mr. Chadwick, Mr. MeGuinness, Mr.
Spoftord, Gen. Custer, Mr. Cadwallader
(and myself) were in the same car and
witnessed his impudence, and will endorse
what I here say: Said the reporter,
that speech as reported in
the General, ‘ totnehestof mylcnmvledge
the substance of my reply to the commit
tee is as has been published.” “Word
for word as was published in the Enquirer,
for you know, General, that’s a nasty rebel
sheet?' impudently remarked the reporter.
“May be not word for word,”, said the
Genera!, “but the suDstance is as has
been published;” and Grant turned partly
away from him in his seat. “What in
ference shall we put upon it, General?”
continued the bore. “That’s altogether
your own matter; you may place what
inference you please upon it.” At this
juncture the reporter turned around, and
witnessing the displeasure of the entire
party, and especially of Gen, Rawlings and
Senator Patterson, he carried on the
balance of his conversation in a lower tone,
and cut it short; after which he retired to
bis end of the car, and wrote vigorously
for half an hour. He again approached
Grant and asked him a question, and
again retired, and put himself vigorously
at work. Grant did not beckon to him,
as he falsely writes, but gave him the cold
shoulder throughout. Whether there is
any truth whatever in his statements will
probably never be brought to light, as
General Grant will not even be urged into
polities through the process of contradic
tion. Nobody who was aboard of that
train, however, believed a word of what
appeared in the Republican, but they do
know that General Grant was exceedingly
annoyed by the impudent reporter, and that
he was ordered off the train in conse
quence.
In conclusion, I will state that he who
attempts to give this and that as the politi
cal opinions of Gen. < Irant is an impostor.
If he will not “open” to his chief of staff,
(who, by the way, is an uncompromising
Johnson man, and cares notwlio knows it,)
and others, who are associated with him
upon terms of closest friendship and inti
macy, is it likely that he would ■ unbosom
himself to a newspaper reporter, whom he
had never seen before and knows nothing
about ? I think not. We may entertain
our own impressions of Grant, however,
and without imposition or disrespect. I
have my own opinion of Gen. Grant, and
feel quite sure that he has rid himself of
politics totally and forever. * * * *
Mark what I say. IfGcu. Grant’s reti
cence continues, he will yet be declared a
traitor, and in six months’ time lie will be
the recipient of the most unheard of male
dictions and vituperative attacks, There
will be nothing strange in that, however.
If President Johnson, Secretaries Seward,
Welles, Randall, and McCulloch, and Gen
erals Granger, llosseau, Stcedman, Fuller
ton, iCustar, Stoncman, Giilera, Davies,
Crittenden, Couch. Slocum, and hundreds
of other brave soldiers are traitors; is it
not probable that Grant will yet be in their
midst ? Just so sure as the shoddy manu
facturers arc the patriots par excellence.
Iseful Soldiers.
In the French army every recruit is sup
posed to kuow a trade on joining the army.
If he has not learned a trade he is taught
some occupation after joining his corps.
Should he be ignorant if reading and
writing—or knowing these, should he wish
to improve his education so as to qualify
himself for promotion—he goes to the
regimental school for four hours each day,
when lie is not. on guard or fatigue duty.
Once his school is over, he is put to learn
one. In every French regiment gangs of
butchers, bakers, cooks, carpenters, masons,
gardners, builders, laborers, cart-drivers,
watchmakers, silversmiths, tailors, shoe
makers, blacksmiths, and what not. All
these traders of handicraft are under their
! regular head men, and every soldier, when
■ he can work, may and does gain a certain
; sum per day by working in the shop at his
j trade. In Algeria the whole of the gov
! eminent work is done by these military
| artisans, who, as wall as the state, are
t gainers thereby. The man thus earns ex
| tra pay, and the government gets work
I done better and cheaper than they
j could do by employing the people of the
j country besides treasuring up the
j advantage of always having a corps of
: workmen at command. The system of
j regular organized workmen is the true se
| cret why the French army get on so well
! when on service. In the English army wc
j have nothing of the kind, except as re
: gards the tailors and the shoemaker*, and
! (in every cavalry regiment) the sadlers
and farriers. There are many good work
men who enter our ranks, but through
want of practice they soon forget what
they knew. In Algiers I have seen a
whole pile of barracks, large enough to con
tain three thousand men that was built
entirely by a regiment of the line, from the
digging of the foundations, to the making
of glass for the barrack windows, and not
a day’s drill or manoouvering had been
neglected while the work was going on.
Throughout Algeria miles upon miles of
; excellent -roads have been made entirely
by the troops, the men being paid a small
additional sum by the State while so em
ployed. Thus the government gained by
getting their work better and very much
1 cheaper done than could have been affected
j by private contractors, while the troops
j gained a very comfortable addition to their
! regular pay.— All the Year Round.
Miscellaneous Foreign Yens.
The General-in-Chief of the volunteers
remains at his post until the signature ®f
peace. It must be that tbe
Garibaldi of 1866 is no longer the Gari
baldi of 1862. No General oif the regular
army has shown himself more serious or
more disciplined than Garibaldi. The
party hostile to Italy, which reckoned on
tins army of 40,<X)0 volunteers to revolu
tionize the peninsula, has been strongly
mistaken. Ihe only political act with
which they can be reproached is the recent
| resignation of some superior officers, and it
has produced so little effect that one can
really not impute it to them as an offence.
By resisting as he docs the efforts of parti
sans to lead him away Garibaldi does his
country greater service than by winning
a battle.
THE ITALIAN EX'SOVEREIGNS.
A letter from Vienna says : “In Vienna
it is considered as certain that the negotia
tions going on with Florence, relative to
the restitution of their private fortunes to
the Italian Princes who have been de
prived of their crowns, will be soon brought
to a successful issue. The Ex-Duke of Mo
dena claims his ] crsonal estates, which
were confiscated by a decree of M. Farini.
1 he Neapolitan Bourbons claim their chat
tels and personal estates, which were con
fiscated by a decree of Garibaldi The
House of Parma claims her personal es
tates, also confiscated. The justice of these
claims has already been asserted before the
Italian courts of justice, except those of
the House of Parma. As to the Ex-Duke
of Tuscany, his personal, fortune has been
untouched.” .
THE PRINCE IMPERIAL OF FRANCE. \
The Prince Imperial, we are informed
by La Patrie, goes out at 10 every morn
ing, attended by his tutor, M. Monnier, to
take his swim at Portvieux. He is always
received by a crowd of children, with whom
he shakes hands and chats for a few min
utes. M iss Shaw, his English nurse, how
ever, takes possession of hiru, and he dis
appears into his bathing-box, whence he
merges in short black flannel drawers and
a scarlet flannel jacket. His swimming
master watches his proceedings from the
beach, and gives him directions. The Em
press usually comes down to the beach to
see him bathe, and takes a seat under some
trees. As soon as the Prince is dressed he
plays for an hour on the sands with any
children who happen to be there. — Journal,
ties JJeb'.its, iitpt, 13.