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OLD SLKiES, VOL. LXXY. cLluonulc&^cntmcl UKMIV Mooiu;, A. I*. \vhi<;iit. THH V|- OF 'I nscIIIPTION. WEEKLY. J. I!. \V. JOIINSTON , BiMlnm t. A « i;VHTA, \ : \\ KDMiSUA Y \loK\l\li, <t( TOItKK 3. Chinese (omneree. It > ' iiif statistics given in a eotemporary journal entitled the CivUimtion, published beyond the seas, lie correct, and tie- paper secni.i to be accepted by the well-informed of all classes, neither our own countrymen or the French have any very particular reason to exult at the posture of their com mercial relations with the Chinese Empire. Ihe account must be particularly un palatable to our Frankish allies, after all tic pains they have taken by naval and military force, as well as by negotiation, to gam a solid and commanding position in that part of the world. Hays the Civiliza turn : “The French and the .Siamese g.> side by side hi the mercantile and maritime move ment in China. An European who was at Hong Kong a few months since, saw in the tort of that great commercial city, 04 Eng- American; I Siamese; 1 Russian: 1 Ital ian, and 4 French vessels. At Whampoa, there were 0 English and 9 German, hut no French ships. Nor were there any of the latter at Macao. Eliwy, Shanghai, or b’oi) Chow. Immediately next to the Eng lish in mercantile importation come the * iermans, who have about 200 vessels from Hamburgh, chiefly between Japan and the Bay of'Bengal. The readyr will perceive by the above, that not tin- Freneh only bnt the Ameri cans also, are exactly On an equal numeri cal looting, so far as representation by vus sols goes, witli the Siamese at Hong Kong, Four ships floating the Union flag hard by, make an imposing show beside 5 Spaniards, 8 Italics, 28 (iermans, and 64 Britons, and we see no mention made of any such at Whampoa. We cannot help suspecting, however, that some of these foreigners are really American bottoms transferred during the late war, and excluded from re transfer by (lie decision of our Navy Department,, that American owners are reaping Larger In nefits than the above comparison would indicate. At all events, we have of recent years made noise enough altout our Chinese trade, and now spend enough on diplo matic and commercial agents there, to ex pect a better result than the Cicili.ntion s figures foreshadow. We respectfully sug gest that the Hon. Mr. Burlingame might here iiml an excellent opening for a full report upon American and Chinese com merce. Power of Inurls-Marliu! to Try lili zen (employees. An interesting case, involving tlm quos tion of the jurisdiction of courts-martial in the ease of citizens employed by the Government, charged with any crime, has just been disposed of in f lic department of the Tennessee. It appears that Aaron Lumpkin, colored, employed in the qitar terinaster s department at Macon, Geor gia, was arranged on the charge of “larce ny to the prejudice of good order and mili tary discipline," liuVing stolen and disposed of two sets of wheel harness, the property of the Government. The accused was ar raigned for trial before a court-martial, and entered a plea in bar of trial on the ground that the court had no jurisdiction in the etteve. The court having been cleared, decided to sustain the plea of the prisoner on the following grounds: That the only right the court has to try the prisoner is under the authority conferred by the act of Con gress of March 3, 1863, which gives mili tary courts power to try such cases “du ring time of war and rebellion," but which authority has ceased by official announce- J inent of peace. The prisoner was accord ingly turned over to the civil court for trial. _ The Campaign in Pennsylvania.— Tlu- World says an immense Convention of the people of York county, I’a., assem bled in the borough of York on the 24th Sept. The ton nship delegations number ed U.n of thousands. Speeches were de livered Ly lion. J. R. Doolittle, Judge Hepburn, oj Carlisle, the Hon. 11 tester Clymer, and others. At night a mass meeting was held in the court-house, pre- i sided over by Judge J. 8. Blnek, who delivered one of his great speeches, and - followed by Mr. Doolittle, Hon. Rich- ; ard Yaux, of Philadelphia, and Judge ; K iuiuiell, of Chambersburg. On the 25th, a Convention of the | conic Lancaster county was'held in Lancaster » ity, and presided over by the Hon. Isaac K. lliester. Speeches were delivered by (lie lion, lliester Clymer, Senator Doolit tle, and others. The enthusiasm of the I" i>lj was unbounded, and in numbers the meeting lar surpassed any comity Con vention of tbriner years. Cp.nsi s ue hie States. A valuable tutisticnl table, giving the ratios increase in population ofjlie various States of the l iiioii since the census of 1 Stitt, is ! icing prepared. The census of 1805 has been received by the Department from seven States, and the increase of population, even duping the war, in which the mortali ty was unusually great, is as follows ; Minnesota forty percent. Illinois twenty -i\ per cent, Wisconsin twelve per cent, lowa twelve per cent, Michigan sewn and i a half per cent, Rhode Island four per cent, Massachusetts three per cent. Tak iug the general average of this increase, thirteen and a half per cent, is a fair repre sentation of the rates of increase in the ethers. The Census Bureau estimates the population of the l nited States r.’u ter ritories has increased from 31.43.1.2 the nuinlier found by the census of Is at, to 35,5iH),000. POSITION OF THE PRESIDENT.— A 7/.T ahl Washington correspondent says: Tin statement baying prevailed that tin Presi dent is about to modify bis policy to the extent of recommending the proposed eon- Vituiioual amendment to the adoption of Southern unrepresented States, authority is given for a most emphatic denial. The President considers the amendments now proposed a violation of the tilth article of the constitution, and therefore invali-1. and it would Ik- in contravention of bis oath of office to encourage them in anyway. There is. however, reason to believe that he con templates recommending to Congress, at its next session —first, the admission of the representatives ol all the States, and then the proposed amendments to the constitu tion, embracing in a less objectionable form the i ssential elements of those now pend ing. The Grand Armv of the Republic. — e clip the following from the Madison ilnd., Courier, of the l.ith. as one of the evidences of the secret character of the or ganization known as the “Grand Army of the Republic. Os course none but the initiated understand the number indicated by.i*t: “The Grand Army of the Republic is moving successfully on. Over two hun dred posts have l>een planted in seventy counties ot this State. The organization in Madison now numbers Pf members. 1 The Cincinnati Enquirer says: "This is a revolutionary and traitorous "society, in tended to break -up the Rump Congress in its proposed removal of the President from office, audthe plunging of the country into civil war, which would thereupon eu sue. Let the peaceable and well-disposed citizens mark the direction the Jacobins intend to march if they are successful in the coming election. Keller. Through courtesy to the writer, we pub- J ish, in another place, a communication on repudiation. While we do not endorse bis sentiments, the subject is one of such gen eral interest and importance that we deem it proper to give all shades of opinion a bearing. It will lx- difficult for the Legis lature to frame a law that " ill satisfy the . country, but we have no aoubt that body will meet the question with an tamest, re- 1 gard for the public good, and a proper deference for law and justice. Loyal Soldiers. Note! — Wright.*tlie Rebel General, editor <d the Augusta (Ga.) j Chronic!/, Says that lie was on the com -1 rnittee that framed the resolution in favor of the Union soldiers, in the Doolittle Phil adelphia Convention, and it was so worded is not to commit the Government, if the South ever gets possession of it again, to protecting the Union soldiers at the ex pense of tie- rebel soldiers. He avows the purpose of the South, if it ever gets into power again, to cut off all the pensions to the Federal soldiers, unless the Confederate j soldier- are let iTi too. Our boys in blue will take note of this, and vote against an/ ] party that would reward treason. The above statement we find in the Troy Daily Timm of the 22d. It is perhaps j use-less to deny a .statement so absurd, for denial here is unnecessary, as indeed it is anywhere that the character of the Troy' Times is known. We liave uq idea liiat. publish a denial of its truth, rind, if he did, would be sure to invent some other canard equally mischievous. General Wright never wrote a line that could be tortured into any such sentiments. Ile does not ex- ! pect to cut off Union soldiers from their j pensions, nor bus he any hope that Con- j federate soldiers will ever be allowed | any place in the pension list. It is by falsehoods such as these that the j Radicals, in their desperation, seek to mil j lify the effect of the Conservative move ment. There is a day of retribution for the miscreants who thus hear false witness against the South. We trust an instal ment of it will come at the approaching election if not then, it will come when a reward is meted out to those who believe a ! lie that they may be damned. hist of Kadi cal Presses in Hie South. 'fhc following papers, published in the i Southern States, sustain the policy of Congress: In Memphis tlm Post; ill Nashville the Tres-S A Times and the <blored Tennes seean; in New Orleans the Tril/une: in Augusta the Loyal Georgian ; in Charles ton the iSmif/t IHrotinn, Leader; in Savan nah the Republican : in Mobile the Y'a lionalist; in ltiehmonil the Yew Nation; ill Sail Antonio the /impress ; in Nevvherii the Times: which holds an “ independent” position; in Homer, Ga., Uni Iliad, a lively little sheet, which maintains the right bravely; and in Harrison, Hamilton county, Tenu., the Unconditional—N. ) . ’limes. In this list it.will he seen that the State of Georgia furnishes two—the Loyal Georgian and the Savannah Republican. The latter paper we are surprised to find classed with the Radicals, as we sec by looking ovee the columns that it is liberally patronized by the old merchants and eiti- | z.ens of Savannah. The South Carolina Leader, Loyal Georgian , Mobile Na tionalist, New Orleans Tribune, Richmond New Nation, and Colored Tennesseean are all “negro papers,” wc believe. The Trial of Mr. Davis. —The Na tional Intelligencer says that Samu el Tyler, Esq., of Maryland, one of the counsel of Mr. Jefferson Da vis, had an in terview with the Attorney General recent ly, in regard to the trial of Mr. Davis. We liavq not. heard what the result of the interview was, hut suppose that it was in accordance with what we learn from the best source of information, viz., that Judge Underwood and Chief Justice Chase have come to the conclusion that, because of the legislation of the last Congress, the adjourned court cannot, he held next month ; consequently, the case of Mr. j Davis, with all others, must he postponed j to a future day. A Hard Case.— C. C. Flint, editor of the Old Dominion, at Norfolk, recently left that city for parts unknown. Having previously sent off his wife, lie took along i “a strange woman.” A close examination | made into his affairs shows that he has j victimized the following: National Bank of Norfolk, $6,000; First National Bank! of Norfolk, $3,000 ; Insurance Trust Com pany of New York, $6,200. Total, sls,- ! 800. The forgeries were mostly upon j Government hills and vouchers. No clue ! has yet been obtained as to the where abouts of the defaulter. Convention in Nfav Hampshire.- The people of New Hampshire will vote in October lor members of a State Conven tion, to assemble in November, for the purpose of revising the Constitution of the State. One of the principal duties of the Constitution will be to determine whether soldiers, when upon duty out of the State, shall he allowed to vote. Another matter to be considered by the new Constitution, and a most important one, is the abolition of that part of the Constitution which es tablishes a religious test, fn New Hamp- | shire no Catholic is eligible to he Governor j or member of the Legislature. Secure the Hay.—Wo would advise i farmers to use the scythe vigorously On | their grassy fields this Fall. There Jias j not lieen a very large quantity of iodder j gathered, and it is important that every thing suitable for man and beast should In secured for consumption the coming year. A great deal of the grass with which fields are covered will piake line hay. and will ' bring a good price. A quantity could lie out and an abundance still remain for pasturage. Counterfeit. —The Philadelphia pa pers state that one hundred dollar coun terfeits on the Central National Bank of New York, were in circulation in that city on Thursday. In the words “maintain ; it." on the right of the Goddess of Liberty, an ‘i' is inserted for 't' in “ maintain. " The faces of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, on the ; hack of the note, are very indistinct. The LaG range lb porter says that a lot of iroedmen left there recently for Ten nessee. There was nearly a ear load qf them. They go to seek employment And higher wages. We have no doubt many more of them will go between this and Spring. The Reporter says there will be neither food nor employment in that sec tion of the country for the large number of them there. Estimate of (Jen. Grant. —Some of the Radical newspapers are now calling General Grant "a military adventurer. One of them in Boston, says he is “a per son of limited information and eouimon -1 place ideas, with some obstinate prejudices, and not a superabundance of intelligent con victions.” There has been auother great flood in the West. Reports from Indianapolis, Columbus, and Dayton represent that it rained steadily all day on the 23th. and that the streams in all directions are great ly swollen. The river in Cincinnati is forty- I one feet deep and rising- Jack Frost.— The Mobile li< <jiiter <f- Adrcrti<er learns by a private letter, that a very heavy frost visited Satillo. on the line of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, on Saturday morning, and the weather was piercing cold. The crops on the line of the railroad look very unpromising. The subscription to erect a Roman Cath olic Cathedral to the memory of Cardinal Wiseman amounts to nearly $3,500,000. [communicated.] Thomson, Ga.. Sept 28. 1 *66. Mr. E ditor : There is no doubt but what something might lie done to relieve the people without materially injuring any parties. But to pass a law totally re lieving parties from debt would not be just or generous. Already, since the ques tion has been mentioned, you may see men. who owe money justly, that will not offer to pay a dime, even to parti is in dis tres-. Why? Because they hope to be relieved. Now, if a majority of the Legis Liters owe more than is due them, why perhaps they might pass a law to benefit those that owe. On the other hand, if the majority are men of means, and ahead of the world, you may rest assured that r.o relief will be granted, of any importance, to those who wish it, and think it due them. A majority of the members, perhaps, are not the real choice of the people, for the people took little or no interest in the last election. Therefore it is mixed with doubt if a wish of the people can he ob tained by a vote of the present members. The people of one county may he in a prosperous condition, while those of another may be pressed to the wall. Entire repudiation would not prevent or stop an honest man from paying what he owed, unless parties who owed him would not pay; and then he might begin to ex w' what he is now worth, some would liave to pay all, and others none. Because one man was energetic, and made money is no reason that he should pay over and above the one who failed to make the effort to accumulate. 1 hold that all men, who refused to take Confederate money for debts due them individually ought to loose, and just here wemight say, and safely too, that the principal debts are to just such men as remained out of the war. A great many of them favored secession, and professed to be very patriotic, and all the time re fused to take the currency. Seme say do not rule out entirely. But the best rule for all is, that, if you repudiate, repu diate all, and still have more money and goods left than any of their neighbors. The poor class went to the army almost en masse. The richest man paid no more in proportion than those of less capital to aid the South. The poorest man, who held slaves at all, lost as much in propor tion as the richest. There is no douhtr hut what, if the vote of the people should he taken, that a very largo majority <Jf them would repudiate, for numbers of men who do not owe a dollar would go for it in order to aid their neighbors, from the fact that men are much disposed to press, who ought to he the last to do so. You can see the wealthy class now sueing those of moderate circum stances, in order to obtain judgement first. They are after securing all, and would rave indeed if any law should be passed depriving them of a cent. Now, Mr. Editor, I owe money myself, and in tend to pay it if I have strength and any luck at all, hut I do feel a deep sympathy for a great many, and utterly abhor the fierce disposition of the holders of notes, &c. An honest man is noble, hut lam afraid there is no man scarcely that is wil ling to he governed by the golden rule. Whatever the Legislature may agree upon, impartially, I will cheerfully abide myself, and so should all of us, come weal or woe, for we have hut little left to loose anyway ; so will try and wait the action of the Legislature. Beginner. I'nion Point. A visitor to this place cannot fail to be impressed favorably with its citizens and the advantages which they enjoy over cit izens of most Railroad villas. The trav eler, worn down by the fatigues of travel, at the Union Point Hotel finds all the essen tials to comfort and case that the most fastidious could ask. The house is as good as it could well be made, and its Land lord and Landlady are peculiarly obliging to their guests. The Academy, of which Capt. 1L B. Smith is principal, is one of the very best schools in the country. His plan of teaching and enforcement of dis cipline. is sufficient guarantee that the pupil will he instructed both mentally and morally. An examination and exhibition given by ('apt. Smith in July last attest what 1 have said. Connected with the school is a department of music, over which M iss LouPrudden, late of Eaton ton, presides, to the complete satisfaction of | her patrons. The school is as it deserves I o he, very flourishing, and we bespeak for \ Capt. Smith and Miss Prudden, greater success the ensuing year. On Sabbath days it is gratifying to sec j the assembling of the Sabbath schools —- ! comprising young gentlemen and ladies ) | masters and misses, of Methodist, Presbyterian, and Baptist parentage., , It is now truly a Union Sabbath school \ —all is unity, in which there is strength j and success. Mr. E. Nebliut on Sabbath afterno ons instructs the pupils of the school in vocal music. He is an adapt in the art. of teach ing music, and the church now has on all occasion of worship the best of music dispensed to its congregation, llev. James L. Fierce is minister to the church, and as such is both zealous and able. He is much beloved by the church aud liked by liis congregation. In his respect, too, the citizens of the Point enjoy great advantages. Why is it, Mr. Editor, that some of the business men of Augusta do not locate their families at the Point ? I do not know hut presume lots could he bought of Mr. J. B. Hart. The water and health of the place are as good as Middle (I cor, gia affords, and I should think those of Augusta’s citizens having children and wards to educate would gladly avail them selves of this rare opportunity. Greene. Atlanta New Era. —In the last issue of this enterprising paper it is announced that Messrs. Prather & Scruggs have dis posed of the establishment to Dr. Baird formerly of New Orleans. The Era has grown rapidly into popular favor, and has | been an excellent paper. Our best wishes attend the retiring and in-coming Editors. Hon. Alexander H. Stephens.-- This gentleman does not contemplate any ; lecturing tour, as lias been announced in some pai>ers, but designs remaining at home during the autumn and winter, and devoting himself to his profession. He is in unusually good health. The State Penitentiary. —The com mittee appointed by the lasi. Legislature to select an appropriate site for anew State Penitentiary, have decided upon Stone Mountain as the most eligible point, aud will send in a recommendation to that effect. Ratification Meeting. —A meeting was held at the count/ site of Twiggs on the 24th. The Macon Telegraph says it was numerously attended, and resolutions approving the policy of the 14th of August convention at Philadelphia. Thieves Caught.— The Covington Ex aminer tells of two thieves named HuJ ; gins and Giinbrell, who were caught run ning oxen from a swamp, where they had secreted them, on Sunday last. For Milledgeville.— 'The Sun says seven convicts were sent to the Peniten tiary at the last session of the county court in Muscogee. Northern Elections. —Flections take place Tuesday next, 2d October, in the States of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio and lowa. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 10, IStitS. Cotton Culture in the South. Mcßean Station, near Augusta, Ga., \ September 18, 1866. j To the Editor of the World: From some familiarity with the views qf Northern men. unaccustomed to the culti vation of cotton, I have been impressed by the ignorance which prevails among them with regard to details. If you think it worth publication, I propose to give a plain and simple statement of all that is essential to he known in relation to such business. I will take my own plantation for my data, as by so doing I leave nothing to conjecture. This place lies in Burke coun ty, Georgia. This county is one of the o!des:t, us it has been one of the best cotton counties in the State. It is in direct com munication by railroad with Savannah, Augusta, and Macon, its Southern bound arc is the Ogeechee river, and it is tra- . versed by a number of large streams, i | which, with you, would be called rivers. , The lands are much worn, hut still capable, j j with the aid of fertilizers, of heavy produc tion. It belongs to that portion of the State 1 known as Middle Georgia, and which was j pronounced long since by an eminent geol- j ogist as the finest cotton region of the j world. The seasons are remarkable for ; regularity, and it is exempt from the worm and rot and other disorders common to the alluvial section of the cotton States. My plantation is the best in the county, simply because it was the last brought into culti vation ; in other words, the land is less worn, arid it has a larger proportion of woodland. In 1801, when the last cotton crop was made, it yielded over six and a half bales of live hundred pounds each to the hand —twenty-five hands operating— -111 fifty acres were in cotton, averaging about two and one-third acres to the hale ; one hundred and fifty acres in corn and peas, averaging about twelve bushels to the acre; besides there was a field of wheat, and the usual patches of potatoes, turnips, sugar cane, and vegetables—but these are thrown out of the general estimate. The cotton and corn comprised an area of five hundred acres, twenty-five acres to the hand, and about thirty-five acres to the horse. This is below the usual allowance to the hand and the horse, hut the land was very fer tile, and the grass flourished as well as the crop. Every hill of corn was manured with cotton seed, aud two hundred acres of cot ton with guano and compost. I believe that the same allowance to the hand and horse can now ho cultivated even with our deteriorated free labor. I will now pro ceed to supply a tabular estimate, based upon a crop of one hundred and fifty hales, allowing something for the disadvantages of free labor : For a crop of 150 bales 400 acres. 2,000 bushels of corn 200 acres. To cultivate this it will roquire : Hr. 16 good mules, $l5O each $2,400 30 hands 3,500 2,000 bushels com 2,000 ! 20,000 pounds of fodder or liny., | 81 50percwt 300 4,500 pounds of bacon, 18c 818 | Overseer 600 j Guanos and fertilizers 1,500 | Cottonseeds, Wagons, plows, Ac... 1,000 j-Total expenses $12,110 ■ Os this, payable at end of year.... 4,100 Cash required SB,OIO tV. 75,000 lbs. cotton, 25cperpound $18,750 2,000 bushels corn 2,000 20,000 lbs. fodder or liay 300 Mules, less 10 per cent, for loss 2,100 Cotton seed, wagons, plows, &c 1,000 Total $24,210 Deduct as above 12,110 Profits $12,100 From this should be deducted the price at which the place was rented this year $3,000 Also the tax of 3c. per lb. for lilt. Revenue 2,250 Leaving as pro tit on the year’s operations $6,850 The scoond year the outlay -would be largely diminished,and the profits increased. But to insure this result good land, good seasons, and good cultivation are indispen sable. The present year has been the most unfavorable in all its aspects that I can remember. A drought setting in at the middle of June, the most critical pe riod, continued until the last of July, and at my plantation for three weeks longer. The parties planting it, relied, without any manure, with certainty on 125 bales cotton, and will probablymake 8W —and they have the best land and best crop m the county —while the corn has failed more than one half. Since the rains set in they have al most been continuous, utterly destroying all hope of the late crop of cotton. There are very few, at least, in that fer tile and extensive region, scourged by the drought, who will make much effort to ward another crop next year. The rem- I nant of their means was exhausted in the j preparation for the present crop—their efforts have proved futile. The very ele ments combined to rob them of the reward of their toil and privation, without means, money, or credit, hacked by the enormous tax upon cotton, despondency and despair have succeeded the aroused energies with which the year was begun. The destitu tion of our people is appalling to our selves. You at the North seem to think that we should regard ourselves as blessed if we are allowed to breathe the free air of heaven. This privilege is almost the only one left us. We are with out a government, and we do not know that we have even a country that we can call our own. The cherished remembrance of our kindred and friends, whose bones lie thickly scattered over all our fair land, is the only thought that is left us. Our most earnest effort—our great trouble is to shield from want and suffering the help less ones dependent upon us. This it is that occupies at all times our thoughts, to the exclusion of every other consideration. We are subdued, patient, submissive — faithful to the laws and obedient to those having authority. It is only when we are commanded to love a government that knows us but to oppress us ; when we are ordered to forget our dead, that a fitful gleam of the old fire is lighted up. That lovely idol of Northern men and women, the inevitable negro, is, as he has always been, and ever will be, working when he is forced to work, and doing as little as pos sible even then, ever consoling himself with the reflection that next year be will not work. Those who are left to themselves vary the monotomy of life in stealing, chain gangs, jails and penitentiaries, con tent in either position so it relieves them of the necessity of earning their own living. They are kindly treated by the whites, and a perfectly good feeling exists on both sides. We look with anxious earnestness to the results of the conservatism now em bodying at the North. * * * Swiss Laborers for the South. The Rev. R F. White writes to the New Orleans Christian. Advocate , from Zurich, Switzerland, July 17, as follows : I can secure as many laborers as l want by paying their way to the United States. 1 can get thousands oit the following con ditions : They will bind themselves to labor {and they work twice as.hard as ne : groes generally) for you for one or two j years, for their passage across the ocean, board and clothing ; and at the end of the time the expenses will be deducted front , the gross receipts for the products of their ' labor, and the balance divided between them and their employer two-thirds. To illustrate : it will take $23 to take them to New Orleans, and say one hundred and fifty dollars to clothe and feed for one year: say he makes seven bales of cotton and fifty barrels of corn, worth in all $800; take from |BOO sl7sexpense, leavings62s; now one third —two hundred and eighty dollars, the share of the laborer—and four hundred and seventeen dollars, the share |of the employer. They will enter into written obligations before the United States Consul here, which he (the consulj assures me is binding, and will hold them in the United States. I think it a good chance for our farmers ; say commence with only ten hands, two hundred and fifty j or three hundred dollars will put them : on the place, the probable net pro ceeds will be about four hundred dollars: and with this, the second year you can etdarge to any extent most desirable. If a : failure, there is but little lost, probably nothing: expenses are first paid, then if ; anything is left it is divided. Or thev are wiiiiug. after all expenses of feed for horses, I plow sharpening, etc., are paid, to divide ; the next proceeds in half. The people i seem nice, industrious and intelligent. Our kind regards to our friends. My ad dress is Zurich, care of United States Con , Sill. Henry Wilson, Senator from Massachus etts. addressed a radical meeting inlndiau apolis on Saturday night. He said that the promotions of such men as Granger. Custer and other soldiers who attended'the Cleveland Convention would not be con firmed by the Senate. A preacher named ' McMullen followed in a speech in which | he said that the assassination of President Johnson would not be a very serious ca | lamity. ' A quarry of variegated marble has been discovered in Alabama, near the Chatta nooga Railroad. A specimen has been ex hibited in Nashville, and is found to sus tain u higher polish than the marble of East Tennessee. JEFFEBSOI DAVIS. Interesting Interview with the Prisouer at Fortress Monroe* >Mr. Marls “A living Man,” Ac., &e., Ac. We are happy to bqjPMp to lay before / an authentic ac count of the interview lgtWeen Mr. Davis and 51 r. JohnD. Kelly, fbont which the pa pers have, for the part-few days, had so much to say, which was mere speculation. Our coirespondent pyiuises, as will be seen, to follow this witljjrahuthcr letter on the same theme: To th Editor of the Please let me say twwgh your paper that 1 have just returnJßroip Yraphingtou without any bishop, IWPL or deacon ac companying me; that lyrote a letter to our martyr, Jeff. ILvidwgmc weeks since, to which I got no respoffeuntil the return of Mrs. Davis, lie i otsßafeing allowed to write : that in eouipiaßee with the spirit of that response 1 hdjjjtenqji to Fortress Monroe, on the ITta ibst., just as Lliave done many a lime for opr poor soldiers or poor negroes under sappee; that I pro ceeded "to Washingiopl after seeing the terrib'e condition of Jfijo -Davis and have ’.ling, foot-sore and weary, not without hopes for the final safe ty of him whom I coiwsicntiously believe to be about the able® and best man in America. Prudence, wjtotttl seldom listen to, and whom I iiatur.dpbate as the devil docs holy water, make# me silent for the present about toy Washsnigton visit._ I will tell all about it hereafter! M*. Davis is greatly debilitated and declining . very fast. During break! iist he gave us some rich, sparkling getuS’-' ppliticij! wisdom s such day spent in my life. It was at La grange in 1828, when Lafayette and Cardi nal Mazzofonte wore debating on high matters of literature and art, and I was a mere silent absorbent of the golden treasure of liquid thought. 1 arrived at the Fortress about an hour before Mr. Davis left his prison. This time I spent in reading some of the nume rous papers that were brought in that morning. Presently Mrs. Davis joined me, and we had a very agreeable discus sion, in which she maintained that the American people, North and South, were as noble a people as any on the earth, and I maintained, chiefly for argument’s sake, that the aristocracy of all lands, the real aristocracy, were markedly superior to the masses «f the people. I maintained that the catacombs ot Rome and Paris showed a gradual approximation to a certain type of character which was not even yet at tained except in the aristocracy of worth. She insisted that the heads of Phidias and Praxiteles were not equalled in modern times with Christianity and all the ap pliances of culture. She cited the remarks of many distinguished foreigners, who called her attention to the fact that the American people could more easily adapt themselves to and more thoroughly embody the true principle of politeness than any other Democratic people in the world. Just then I made a wicked query that killed a good deal of this theory. “.Mrs. Davis, how do the many strangers that come here behave towards Mr. Davis?” “Ah,” said she, “almost all the Northern women that come peer through the blinds in the most indelicate manner, so that we are often obliged to i-etire to the inner casemate to avoid their rude glances. ” “Mrs Davis, no refined, instinctively polite people could possibly be guilty of such grossness. So you have demolished your own theory.” We then talked for a while about educa tion, where and by whom best ministered and acquired, in which I felt proud that my own maturely formed opinions were adopted by this highly gifted and imperial minded woman. At this time wc saw a slender, shadowy, tottering form approach the door. Some thing in my heart told me it was Mr. Davis. Strange, mystic human heart, with its divination and prophecies! Bible of the I true! Infallible God-word to every human : soul that has ever been magnetized with 1 love! I had known this man at a time ! when liis word swayed an empire composed ; of as noble men and as glorious God-gifted | women as has e' r er appeared in the tide j of time. I have obtained at his hands the j sparing of the lives of forty-seven Con- ! federate soldiers during the war. I got off ; fourteen Federal soldiers condemned to ! death. 1 got his. written permit —no order J - to allow Inc to visit all the Federal prisons'] and alleviate, in all lawful ways, then sufferings. I have prayed at this good j man’s bedside fora blessing of God upon him commensurate to the mercy he might j extend to others, and that lie might hope for himself, should the changes of time ever make him a suppliant for this benefi cence. And now lie is before me a prisoner— good God ! llow changed ! The last time I saw him his brow seemed decked, not only with a crown of intelligent glory, but with a sort of primus interpares —halo of all the kingly chivalries of the past ages. Now he was bent, broken, reeling. But oh ! that voice, its timbre, cadence, tone ! “I am glad to see you Mr. Kelley; your hair is whiter than it was that beautiful autumn morning that you prayed by my bedside in Richmond. Your heart too has been seared. Well, thank God, amidst it all, and by it all, we arc ripening for the skies. ” “Mr. Davis, has it never occurred to you that, not victorious, but defeated : causes, when founded on truth and honor, | are finally victorious in the flow of the i ages? Who was the greatest man, Tibe rius at Caprea, sunk in the infamies of! sensualism, or the Nazarine, crowned with ■ thorns, and uttering those words of amid the agonies of the cross : ‘Father, forgive them, they know not what they do V’ ’ ’ True, said Mr. Davis, no good cause ever dies. Whatever was true m our theory of State rights will live, and ho yet adopted entirely by our Northern brethren. The American people are emi nently thoughtful and practical, assimila ting to themselves truth from every point; witness their wonderful improvements in the practical arts. You know how the i Normans conquered the Saxons at Ilast i ings—how they oppressed and wronged I them : yet in the course of three centuries ; the ideas of the conquered subdued their i conquerors and led the United Kingdom ! to the conquest of that very France whence ! the conquerors came. Centuries in the past were no more than decades in the ; present. I have no fear as to the ultimate triumph of our principles, purified from whatever was wrong or selfish in them, as I you and I have been purified by sorrow. “Do you remem te r, Mr. Davis, that . couplet of Lady Guion’s translated by i Cowper?” “The path of sorrow, anil that path alone, : Leads to the place where sorrows are un known.” Yes, I remember it well. It is the com pencl of Christianity. The world has never yet fully appreciated that aspect, the ccce homo of Christ. I have read more m the ! old hooks, probably, than you have, Mr. Davis ; let me recite to you an instance m tlia life of Julian ; He had oppressed and thwarted Cyril, of Jerusalem, in various ways; at last, on going to the Part.uuu war, ' he met the good bishop in great distress - on account of the miseries ot his flock. ±le then said to him, “Cm, where is your carpenter God now? ’ _ The Bishop an swe red, u PerfcapSt Disking a. coffin lor the Roman Emperor. I have never heard that before, but it is full of significance and a terrible rebuke to unholy pride and self confidence. , . , .„ , After nr-iver wo proceeded to breakfast, which. 6 had Three covers, one each for Mr. and Mrs. Davis and one for me Ihe breakfast consisted of some nice rolls and toast, good tea, butter, and a few oysters. Mr. Davis eat very sparingly. I omitted to mention in its proper place that Mrs. Davis met bun at the door, put her arms around his neck and kissed him. After he -vis seated she brought him their little child Elicit he kissed, seated on his knee, and. as I thought by the motion of his beautifully chiselled lips, prayed se cretly for. _• i. n e xr- After breakfast, Bishop Green, of Mis sissippi, was introduced fine greeting was cordial and affectionate. Mr. Davis alluded with great delicacy to some family afflictions of the Bjshop-to which the latter responded with a quivering lip and a tearful eye. Hereafter I will give you a pen and ink picture of these two men as thev limned themselves on the convass of memory- Here I only propose to give a part of the conversation that oc cupied that whole morning- Our people all love and revere our late excellent I resident To meet their craving to know something about him from the heart, or inner life SZd-hS. two or three papers more on tms. subject I ought not to close without saying that he evinces the most thorough spirit of forgiveness to wards his enemies. Like every sensible man. he separates the wheat fromi the chaff, and does not condemn the Northern peo ple in mass —neither Democrats, Republi cans or Radicals are fiends or angels They and wo are poor living mortals following the best light we have, and should be char itable to one another s faults. JohnD. Keiley. [Petersburg Index■ Mr. Wiley Russell has been appointed Sheriff of Bibb county, to fill out the un- I expired]term of J. J Hodges, deceased. The Poor Bohemians. The following account of the condition of the people of Bohemia, is well calculated to teach us discomfit ted Confeds that our condition —hard as it is—might he much worse. It should at least inspire confi dence in the resources of our soil, which enabled us to maintain a protracted war without reducing any considerable portion of our people to the straits produced by a month, s campaign in Bohemia. To the war-stricken people of Austria the conclusion of peace is a most blessed consummation, and to none more so than to the Bohemians. They had to bear the brunt of the destructive struggle. As soon as it became certain that the disputes be tween Austria and Prussia were to be de cided by the sword, the vast industrial in terests of the province at once underwent utter prostration. Os the hundreds of factories, some of which employ in busy tinies as high as two thousand men and women, in- the numerous industrial towns in Northern Bohemia, along the base of the great mountains, every one stopped operations; and it is estimated that fully one hundred thousand people were thrown out of employment. There is no poorer industrial population in any part of the globe than the weavers and spinners inhab iting the Southern slopes of the Giant and Ore Mountains. Their wages in the most prosperous times are pitiful. The equiva lent of about a dollar in gold a week is the highest amount the most skil ful and hard-working among them can earn, by laboring from live in the morning till nine in the evening. Tens of r-f "ii "(mm such small earnings they are just able to eke out a most miserable living—it is a no torious fact that they subsist almost alto gether on pot toes, like the poor Irish, and can never sa\ e anything to fall hack on in hard times —will he easily understood. To be without work is with them to starve. Besides tla: misery produced among the industrial population, the war lias reduced the poor peasantry, that constitutes eight tenths of the agricultural class, to similar extremities. Like the factory people, they barely support themselves from year to year, and never prosper enough to lay by anything for a rainy day. A single failure of a crop always brings them to the verge of starvation. The sweeping Prussian requisition having absorbed not only most of their crop of this year, hut also deprived them of their working cattle, they are like wise threatened with famine. The accounts that reach here of the condition of the lower classes in all parts of the kingdom are most distressing. Every day deputa tions arrive to make appeals for assistance to the Austrian Governors. The Govern ment must needs furnish aid to the worst stricken districts, or Bohemia will be the scene of the most terrible suffering during the next few months. Beggary is increas ing everywhere to an alarming extent. Even here in Prague one cannot -walk in the streets without being beset by swarms of mendicants. In passing one of the pub lic buildings, still occupied by the Prus sians, this morning, I noticed a crowd of some 200 men, women and children beg ging'lneat and bread of the soldiers who were eating their breakfasts at the win dows. One of the Prussians informed me that such scenes occurred twice a day there and in front of other buildings used as magazines. The municipal authorities very wisely did not suspend work upon the pub lic improvements during the Prussian occu pation, hut employed poor men and women in order to afford means of support to a portion of the poor. But for this the city would be now obliged to feed at least two tenths of her population in addition to the Prussians. As in almost every other city, town aud village in the invaded provinces, the cholera has raged in Prague very violently for some weeks, and secured hundreds of victims among all classes. Strange as it may seem, the upper elements of society have suffered more than the lower strata, whose filthy habits are proverbial. Os Prussian officers especially an extraordi nary percentage died of the plague; among them one General and several colonels; most of these were dead within a few hours after the first symptoms of the disease. The grand palaces of the Princes Schwar zeuberg, Firstenberg, Lobkowtz and Kin . sky,.and pf ..fiouut AValdstoidj aud other rich noblemen on the Kleinsite, all Bocaiiie cholera-hospitals by the sudden appearance of the plague among the officers quartered in them. In the palace of Count Waldstein, once the property of the great Wallenstein, Duke of Friedland, no less than seven died in two days. All the grand buildings are at this moment en tirely deserted, both their owners with tlioir servants and the military intruders having hastily left from dread of the disease, ft he Prussian quartermasters and commissary departments unwittingly came very near adding fuel to the flame by offering for sale to the public large quantities (if spoiled meat and grain. _ On the day of the sale great crowds of the poor had gathered at the railroad depot where the condemned stuff was stored, eager to purchase. But at the last moment a protest of the Burgomaster against the disposal of the dangerous food to the popu lation of the city, stopped the sale. Prague being one of the most intensely Catholic and superstitious cities on the face of the globe, it is not to be wondered that throngs of people can be seen at all hours of the day kneeling in front of the countless shrines and statues of saints in public places and thorough-fares praying for deliverance from the plague. I’ius the Ninth May Seek Shelter From England. It is extremely doubtful whether Pius IX. can live in llomc with Victor Eman uel. The Primitive Church is cited as an example. But the example shows the im possibility of the joint habitation by the martyrdom of so many Popes for three hundred years, and by the voluntary exile of Constantine to Byzantium. And it is in the name of liberty that persecution is offered as an ideal to the Church ! If it be a part of the arrangements of Victor Emanuel to leave the Pope a portion of Rome, that portion will be lessened every day, and Pius IX. would be about as free in the Vatican as was Louis XI'I. in the Tuileries or the Tower of the Temple. A residence at Malta would secure to both him and the Cardinals more complete lib erty. The Pope will consult the interests ; of the Church alone, hut should he ask France to keap her troops at Ponte for a j year or two longer, it. is probable that France will refuse, were it only to dispel the dark cloud which the exile of Pius IX. would cast over the exposition of 1807. We cannot see, indeed, what is to pre vent the Italian revolution from ascending the capitol. France abandons Pome; Austria makes advances to King Victor Emanuel; all the Catholic powers become mere and more entangled in revolutionary embarrassments, under the pretext of es caping from the embarrassment of the Roman question. Christian Princes seem "more disposed to ally themselves to the revolution than to rise in defense or' the Holy Father and the Catholic Church. Pome, then, for one reason or another, is really abandoned by men. It is quite natural, therefore, that the Cialdinis, Pi easolis and Garabaldis should prepare their moral means for taking possession of it. The only power which the revolution lias now to fear is God. But what is God in 1 the eyes of certain persons who are in the high places in power? A child’s scare scrow. All this is horrible, but it is true. Two Dutchmen, who built and used in ! common a small bridge over a steam which : ran through their farms, had a dispute | concerning some repairs which it required, i and one of them positively refused to boar any portion of the expense necessary to the purchase of a few planks._ Finally, the aggrieved party went to a neighboring law -1 ver, and placing ten dollars in his hand, ! ‘said : ‘ 1 11 give you all dish moneys if you 11 make Hans do justice mit de pridge.” “How much will it cost to repair it ?” asked the houest lawyer. “Xot more ash five tollar,” replied the Dutchman. “Very well,” said the lawyer, jiocket inar one of the notes and giving him the other; “take this and go get the bridge repaired ; tis the best course you can take,” “Yaas,” said the Dutchman slowly, “yaas, dat ish more better as to quarrel mit Hanshut as he went along home he shook hh head frequently, as if unable, after all, to see quite clearly how he had gained anything by going to law. Health of Charleston. —Rev. Mr. Yates writes to the Courier that out of 10,000 to 12,000 cases of fever that have I occurred in Charleston during the last six weeks, not more than twelve deaths have ! occurred. He states that no cases of yel low fever have occurred. Health of Savannah. —The Board of Health at Savannah, report the total num ber of deaths for the week to be sixty three, of which fifteen were whites, three 1 from cholera, and forty-eight negroes, j twenty-three from cholera. Mby Jefferson Davis has not Been Tried. We have given the reason assigned by the President, that he had no power over the subject, which was one relating solely to the Courts. The Tribune contains the following, in reply to the President, which the radical papers declare to he a semi-official defence of Secretary Chase. The public, as well as posterity, have a common interest in knowing why Mr. Davis is suffered to pine in confinement, and we therefore deem it proper to pub lish the defence of those who before the world are held responsible fer the post ponement of the trial. The defence ap pears to us to he au array of special plead ing and of subterfuges, leaving the respon sibility between Congress and the omcers of the Court, and failing to fix it upon tlic President. 1. The Chief Justice has no more to do with the trial of Jeff. Davis than any other Justice, except that it happens that the Chief Justice was allotted or assigned to the Circuit in which Virginia is, to accom modate J udge Swayne, who desired to be allotted the Circuit in which Ohio is. 2. The Chief J ustiee, when he holds a Court, tries what eases lie happens to find on the docket, if they are ready for trial. It makes no difference tohim who the par ties are ; his duty is to administer the law. 3. The Chief Justice has never inquired, and probably never will inquire, what cases arc to come before him, except in the regu lar course and way. He neither seeks nor 4. The Chief Justice has held three” terms of the Circuit Court for the. District of Maryland since his appointment, nearly two years ago. These were indictments for treasoii pending as the first term, and, except in certain cases where the accused individually have been pardoned, they are pending yet. The Government has not thought proper to proceed to trial in any of these cases. If the Government had desired a judical exposition of the law of treason, it might have been had from the Chief Justice at either of those terms, in April and November, 1565, or in April, 1866. 5. Early last spring, Bradly T. John son —a double traitor, if treason consists in levying war against his own State as well as against the 1 nited States—was arrested in Maryland for treason, and was held to hail by the district Judge. Gen. Grant requested to have him discharged without bail, on the ground that he was not liable to arrest or trial, because he had been pa roled ret the time of the surrender qf Lee or Johnston ; and the President thereupon ordered the discharge through the Attor ney General, and, on motion of the Dis trict Attorney, under direction of the At torney General, the District Judge directed the discharge. Upon the propriety of this interference by the Executive with the course of regular judicial proceedings, it is unnecessary to express an opinion, though it affords abundant ground for the reflection ofthoughtful men. It prevented the expression of a judicial-opinion as to the effect of military paroles upon liabili-. ties to punishment for treason and other crimes. 6. The Chief Justice held no Court in Virginia in 1866, because the writ of habeas corpus was suspended and martial law enforced within its territory; in his judg ment all Courts in a region under martial law must be quasi military Courts, and it was neither right nor proper that the Chief Justice oran Associate Justice oftnc Supreme Court of the United States —the highest tribunal of the nation, and head of one of the co-ordinate departments of the Government—should hold a Court subject to the control or supervision of the execu tive department, exercising the military power. In this judgment all lawyers of respectability, of whatever political opin ions, will concur. 7. Soon after the adjournment of the Supreme Court in April last, the President issued a proclamation, the effect of which seemed to the Chief Justice to be the abro gation of martial law and military govern ment, and the restoration of the writ of habeas corpus in all the States except j Texas; and wc understand lie determined i thereupon to, hold a Circuit Court at the j ensuing. May term in Virginia; but various Exdc-utfve orders, inconsistent with the conclusion that military government had ceased, soon followed the proclamation, and led to an apprehension that the construction put upon it was not intended by the Presi dent. The Chief Justico, it is therefore to be presumed, reconsidered his purpose to hold a Circuit Court. 8. Desirous, however, to omit no duty, the Chief Justice, it is reported, called on the President in April or May last, and requested him to issue a proclamation (of which the Chief Justice submitted a draft) declaring, in unequivocal terms, that mar tial law was abrogated and the writ of ha beas corpus restored in all cases of which the Courts of the United States had ju risdiction, and in respect to all process issuing from such courts. This was not done. 9. Subsequently, however, another pro clamation was issued, affirming the resto ration of peace throughout the whole country, which has, as yet, been followed by no order asserting the continuance of military government. Under the procla mation, therefore, it seems fair to conclude that martial law and military government are permanently abrogated and the writ of habeas corpus fully restored; and this con clusion warrants the holding of courts by the Chief Justice and Associate Justices as the law may direct. 10. There is no act of Congress, however, which authorizes the holding of any Circuit Court in Virginia until the November term —beginning the fourth Monday in Novem ber—unless the Chief Justice shall order a special term, as he is authorized to do by au act of the last session, The Chief Jus tice would no doubt order a special term if the District Attorney and the Attorney General should represent to him that such a proceeding is needed for the administra tion of public just ice. 11. An act of the last session of Congress changes all the Circuits (except the first and second, which include the Districts in New England and New York, ) and reduces the number from ten to nine; but it neither makes nor authorizes any allotment of the Chief Justice or Associate Justices to these new Circuits; aad it seems doubtful whether the old allotment gives any juris j diction to hold courts in the District which happen to remain in the same Circuits nu merically as at the time of that allotment; while it is quite certain that neither the | Chief Justice nor any Associate Jusiicecan i exercise jurisdiction in any circuit except | by allotment or assignment under an act of i Congress. It is a matter of extreme doubt, 1 therefore, whether the Chief Justice can, after all, hold any court in Virginia until after some further legislation by Congress making or authorizing allotments to the new Circuits. 12. The absence of the Chief Justice or a Justice of the Supreme Court from any Circuit ’ does not, however, prevent the holding of Circuit Courts; for the law provides expressly that, in the absence of a Justice of the Supreme Court, a Circuit Court may he held by the District Judge. i Circuit Courts have, accordingly, been held in all the Circuits within the rebel States ; by the District Judges ever since the es i tablishment of the authority of the United I States, and the appointment, of the judges. ! These courts, during military govern j ments, were held, of course, subject to j military control and supervision, to which, under the circumstances, District Judges | might, perhaps, more properly submit than the Justices of the Supreme Court. Os course, any trial which might have i taken place, the Chief Justice or an Asso j oiate Justice being present, might have j taken place, with equal jurisdiction and ; equal effect, the Chief Justice or an Asso ciate Justice being absent. • Louis Kossuth.—The following touch ing description of Louis Kossuth is from a late latter from Paris; ; It is at the Case Florida —a man of ! heirs so white that you do not note their i thinness, bowed down, and meek, and silent, yet very kindly eyed ; hut never flushed by any period to which he comes, | passed the young dreams of a grand free ■ state, but waiting yet, though death seems closer than freedom, reading the journal I all apart, so respected that not the busiest intruder does more irreverence thanloox with mild and loving askanti ess toward where he sits, alone, aged, very thougnttu . The Cotton of Florida. The Com missioper of the General Land Office lias received a highly interesting report from the register of the local land office at Tal lahassee. Florida, in regard to the natural resources of that State, from which the following extract is made. The best sea island cotton is grown on the eastern coast, and none finer in quality is produced in the South. In a majority of cases, upon plantations, the number of hands employed would lie duplicated by i the planters if laborers could lie procured. NEW SERIES, VOL. NXV: NO. 42. Civil Rights in South Carolina, The South Carolina Legislature, at 4ts l eccnt session, passed the following hill “to oclare the rights of persons lately known | as s ' a ves and free persons of color j ]Jtrt -‘ Cv U That all persons hitherto known m law in this State as I qf' !?’ Pf as free persons of color, shall have i if lt to , mak ° and enforce contracts, to ', c> be sued, to he affiants and give evi dence, to inherit, to purchase, lease sell hold, convey and assign real and pe’rsonal pioperty, make wills and testaments, and i u ;. nave lull and equal benefits of the rights of personal security, personal liberty and | private property and of all remedies and proceedings for the enforcement and pro tection ot the same as white persons now have, and shall not he subjected to any other oi different punishment, pain or penalty for the commission of any act or offence, than such as prescribed for white persons committing like acts of offence. Sec. 2. That all acts and parts of acts specially relating to persons lately slaves and free persons of color, contrary to the provisions of this act, or inconsistent with any of its provisions, be and the same are hereby repealed: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to re peal so much of the Bth section of an act entitled "An Act to establish and regulate the domestic relations of persons of color, and to amend the law in relation to pau pers and vagrancy,” ratified the twenty first day of December, in the year of our Lord 1865, as enacts that marriages be tween a white person and persons of color shall be illegal and void. Skies Brighten in,g. M| Jolm Forsyth. Esq., of the Mobile York, September 19th say's : l think I discern a better feeling the past few days on the subject of the political contest. The Democrats and the Conser vatives are not dismayed, and it is belived that the vote of the two New England States will only stimulate them to repeat the history of former years, when the October and November elections of the Middle States have so often reversed the judgments pronounced at the Yankee polls. There is much in the aspect of affairs to alarm those classes of the community who desire peace and order. You will observe how freely talk of civil war is indulged in by the newspapers on both sides. The great cities of the North have everything to dread from the occurrence of such a calamity. They all contain a monster, now chained down by the bonds of society and the vigilance and vigor of police re gulation, which it would he perilous to turn loose in the saturnalia of civil strife. The Now York mob pf the second year of the war gave the people a foretaste that is vividly remembered of what might hap pen in such an event. Hence the men of substance are generally ranged on the Con servative side, and with the truly patriotic and Union men, are in favor of the im mediate and full restoration of the South erh States. On the general subject of the future plans and operations on the Ad ministration side, I expect to have better information in a few days. The impeach ment of tlic President or the organization of the next Congress are likely to he the periods of the great strain upon and trial of the American system of government. Tlic Radical Hquad in North Carolina. Avery able citizen of North Carolina, who, not many years since, was very con spicuous in the politics of that State, thus writes to a friend in Washington City : A Radical convention came off at Raleigh on yesterday. 1 learn that eight counties were represented by eighteen men, about half of them citizens of North Carolina. I am informed that the assemblage took place at Mr. W. \Y. Holden’s private resi dence, and that they nominated a candi date for Governor. Y r ou may rest assured that there are not one thousand voters in the State who favor the Congressional plan of reconstruction. Our people are as nearly unanimous in support of President Johnson and his policy as a people can he, and their enthusiastic admiration of aud devotion to President Johrlson personally exceed anything yon can conceive. To give you an idea of the state of public opinion here, the Standard, (Mr. Holden’s paper] has for weeks been calling on every body to come to this Radical convention, without Wailing to be appointed by-a meet ing; and although it has been given out in the Standard that it would be a mass con vention, to which all who came would be admitted, yet there was in the meeting, 1 am informed, hut one man besides Holden from this county, in which last year Holden received fourteen hundred majority for Governor. I care nothing about it, ex cept that it will he published in flaming capitals by the Radical press all over the North, that there lias been a regular Radi cal convention held in North Carolina, and a Governor nominated on a Radical platform. To he Extirpated. The Philadelphia Press prints a speech from John W. Forney, at Lackawanna, Pa., on the 15th., from which the following is an extract: “If the Southern people do not ratify this (negro equalization) amendment, or if they defeat it, what then ? I think I see by the glitter of your eyes, arid I know by the throbbing of my heart, that if they should ever be guilty of this uew infatua tion, the war that would ensue would es tablish this fact, that that which has passed was hut as child’s play, or as a pic nic to that which will conic come. The army that will go to the Southern country will go there to stay ; it will not he an ar my of invasion, but an army of migration ; it will not go there to revenge, but to extirpate. Brownlow’s remedy will in deed he tried. There will he throe columns; the one to kill, the sec ond to burn, the third to divide the plantations among the men who go down the second time to avenge the insulted flag of our country. I see this sublime re solve in the glitter of your eyes, and I feel it in the throbbing of my heart, 1 feel it every where. I hear it in the trumpet voice of destiny. That we shall not pre vail against these men is to expect that God is dead.” Forney is a candidate for United States Senator from Pennsylvania, and is stump ing the State in 'advocacy of his “claims" to that distinguished position. He re flects the spirit that animates the mad Radicals, Those Ohio River “Guerillas.”— Considerable sensation was produced a few days since by the report, which first origi nated in the Cincinnati papers,; that a United States mail agent was captured near Warsaw, on the Ohio river, by a band of Rebel guerillas. Although wc thought tho story quite improbable at the timo. wc published it as we found it in the Louisville Courier. It now turns out that the mail agent, whose name is Dr. Farris, had been indicted for murder in the Circuit Court of Gallatin county, Ky., and that the party of men who captured him was the Sheriff of that county and his posse commitatus. So much for the band of Rebel guerillas, and their murderous de signs on the Doctor. The ease came up before Judge Ballard in Louisville, on Monday, and the prisoner was hold to bail in the sum of $2,000 for his appearance in the United States Circuit Court in Februa ry next. In the meantime, Gen. Jeff. C. Davis, commanding at Louisville, has ordered one of the strongest companies in his command, with camp and garrison equipage, rations for one month, anil eighty rounds of am munition, to take post immediately at Warsaw, the point at which Dr. Farris was arrested. Whether this procedure on the part of the military authorities is based on the sensation reports of the Cincinnati papers with relation to guerillas, or from information believed to render their pres i ence necessary for other reasons, is more than we can say.— Nashville Dispatch. Loyal Papers.— The following papers, published in the Southern States, sustain the policy of Congress : In Memphis the Past ; in Nashville the Press a- Times and the Colored Tennes seean ; in New Orleans the Tribune ; in Augusta the Loyal Georgian ; in Charles ton the South Carolina Leader ; in Savan nah the Republican; in Mobile the Nation alist ; in Richmond the New Nation ; in San Antonio the Express ; in Newborn the Times , which holds an “independent” position; in Horner, La., the Iliad; and in Harrison, Hamilton county Tenn., the Unconditional. Four or five of the above are controlled bv freedmen. Effects of the Frost.— The facts about the late frosts as regards the effect - on corn in Illinois, may be briefly .summed up thus: In the southern part of the State no damage has been done to the crop, in the central part the injury lias been slight, and in the Northern part the damage has been great, probably destroying an aggregate of about one-third of the j crop. The Reported Views of Ren. Grant. The Providence (11. I.) Post prints a letter from Ben. C. Truman, who accom panied the President and suite on their late excursion to Chicago as special corres pondent of the New York Times, in regard to the views which a reporter for the Chica go Republican gives as those entertained by Gen. Grant- Mr. Truman, whose let ter is dated at Providence, B. 1.. Sept. 21, says: I saw enough of Gen. Grant during the Presidential trip to kuow that he makes no political statements whatever, and no gentleman will bore him on such matters. You may depend upon it, that when poli ticians or newspaper men profess to have been in conversation with Gen. Grant upon political affairs, be they Badicals, Conserv atives, Republicans, Johnson men, or Democrats, and state this or that authori tatively as his political opinion, they speak falsely and disrespectfully. «Gen. ltaw liugs, Grant’s chief of staff, said to me one day, “I tell you, Truman, Grant never talks politics, lie is no politician ; and, if he entertains any political opinions at all, lam not aware of the fact/’ “It is deci dedly ludicrous,” he added, “to see first one side claim him and then the other.” Well, to return to the Republican re porter, he did what no other gentleman did on board, and that was, to bore Gen. Grant on political matters. Gen. Rawlings, Senator Patterson, Mr. W. \Y. Warden, Mr. Chadwick, Mr. MeGuinness, Mr. Spoftord, Gen. Custer, Mr. Cadwallader (and myself) were in the same car and witnessed his impudence, and will endorse what I here say: Said the reporter, that speech as reported in the General, ‘ totnehestof mylcnmvledge the substance of my reply to the commit tee is as has been published.” “Word for word as was published in the Enquirer, for you know, General, that’s a nasty rebel sheet?' impudently remarked the reporter. “May be not word for word,”, said the Genera!, “but the suDstance is as has been published;” and Grant turned partly away from him in his seat. “What in ference shall we put upon it, General?” continued the bore. “That’s altogether your own matter; you may place what inference you please upon it.” At this juncture the reporter turned around, and witnessing the displeasure of the entire party, and especially of Gen, Rawlings and Senator Patterson, he carried on the balance of his conversation in a lower tone, and cut it short; after which he retired to bis end of the car, and wrote vigorously for half an hour. He again approached Grant and asked him a question, and again retired, and put himself vigorously at work. Grant did not beckon to him, as he falsely writes, but gave him the cold shoulder throughout. Whether there is any truth whatever in his statements will probably never be brought to light, as General Grant will not even be urged into polities through the process of contradic tion. Nobody who was aboard of that train, however, believed a word of what appeared in the Republican, but they do know that General Grant was exceedingly annoyed by the impudent reporter, and that he was ordered off the train in conse quence. In conclusion, I will state that he who attempts to give this and that as the politi cal opinions of Gen. < Irant is an impostor. If he will not “open” to his chief of staff, (who, by the way, is an uncompromising Johnson man, and cares notwlio knows it,) and others, who are associated with him upon terms of closest friendship and inti macy, is it likely that he would ■ unbosom himself to a newspaper reporter, whom he had never seen before and knows nothing about ? I think not. We may entertain our own impressions of Grant, however, and without imposition or disrespect. I have my own opinion of Gen. Grant, and feel quite sure that he has rid himself of politics totally and forever. * * * * Mark what I say. IfGcu. Grant’s reti cence continues, he will yet be declared a traitor, and in six months’ time lie will be the recipient of the most unheard of male dictions and vituperative attacks, There will be nothing strange in that, however. If President Johnson, Secretaries Seward, Welles, Randall, and McCulloch, and Gen erals Granger, llosseau, Stcedman, Fuller ton, iCustar, Stoncman, Giilera, Davies, Crittenden, Couch. Slocum, and hundreds of other brave soldiers are traitors; is it not probable that Grant will yet be in their midst ? Just so sure as the shoddy manu facturers arc the patriots par excellence. Iseful Soldiers. In the French army every recruit is sup posed to kuow a trade on joining the army. If he has not learned a trade he is taught some occupation after joining his corps. Should he be ignorant if reading and writing—or knowing these, should he wish to improve his education so as to qualify himself for promotion—he goes to the regimental school for four hours each day, when lie is not. on guard or fatigue duty. Once his school is over, he is put to learn one. In every French regiment gangs of butchers, bakers, cooks, carpenters, masons, gardners, builders, laborers, cart-drivers, watchmakers, silversmiths, tailors, shoe makers, blacksmiths, and what not. All these traders of handicraft are under their ! regular head men, and every soldier, when ■ he can work, may and does gain a certain ; sum per day by working in the shop at his j trade. In Algeria the whole of the gov ! eminent work is done by these military | artisans, who, as wall as the state, are t gainers thereby. The man thus earns ex | tra pay, and the government gets work I done better and cheaper than they j could do by employing the people of the j country besides treasuring up the j advantage of always having a corps of : workmen at command. The system of j regular organized workmen is the true se | cret why the French army get on so well ! when on service. In the English army wc j have nothing of the kind, except as re : gards the tailors and the shoemaker*, and ! (in every cavalry regiment) the sadlers and farriers. There are many good work men who enter our ranks, but through want of practice they soon forget what they knew. In Algiers I have seen a whole pile of barracks, large enough to con tain three thousand men that was built entirely by a regiment of the line, from the digging of the foundations, to the making of glass for the barrack windows, and not a day’s drill or manoouvering had been neglected while the work was going on. Throughout Algeria miles upon miles of ; excellent -roads have been made entirely by the troops, the men being paid a small additional sum by the State while so em ployed. Thus the government gained by getting their work better and very much 1 cheaper done than could have been affected j by private contractors, while the troops j gained a very comfortable addition to their ! regular pay.— All the Year Round. Miscellaneous Foreign Yens. The General-in-Chief of the volunteers remains at his post until the signature ®f peace. It must be that tbe Garibaldi of 1866 is no longer the Gari baldi of 1862. No General oif the regular army has shown himself more serious or more disciplined than Garibaldi. The party hostile to Italy, which reckoned on tins army of 40,<X)0 volunteers to revolu tionize the peninsula, has been strongly mistaken. Ihe only political act with which they can be reproached is the recent | resignation of some superior officers, and it has produced so little effect that one can really not impute it to them as an offence. By resisting as he docs the efforts of parti sans to lead him away Garibaldi does his country greater service than by winning a battle. THE ITALIAN EX'SOVEREIGNS. A letter from Vienna says : “In Vienna it is considered as certain that the negotia tions going on with Florence, relative to the restitution of their private fortunes to the Italian Princes who have been de prived of their crowns, will be soon brought to a successful issue. The Ex-Duke of Mo dena claims his ] crsonal estates, which were confiscated by a decree of M. Farini. 1 he Neapolitan Bourbons claim their chat tels and personal estates, which were con fiscated by a decree of Garibaldi The House of Parma claims her personal es tates, also confiscated. The justice of these claims has already been asserted before the Italian courts of justice, except those of the House of Parma. As to the Ex-Duke of Tuscany, his personal, fortune has been untouched.” . THE PRINCE IMPERIAL OF FRANCE. \ The Prince Imperial, we are informed by La Patrie, goes out at 10 every morn ing, attended by his tutor, M. Monnier, to take his swim at Portvieux. He is always received by a crowd of children, with whom he shakes hands and chats for a few min utes. M iss Shaw, his English nurse, how ever, takes possession of hiru, and he dis appears into his bathing-box, whence he merges in short black flannel drawers and a scarlet flannel jacket. His swimming master watches his proceedings from the beach, and gives him directions. The Em press usually comes down to the beach to see him bathe, and takes a seat under some trees. As soon as the Prince is dressed he plays for an hour on the sands with any children who happen to be there. — Journal, ties JJeb'.its, iitpt, 13.