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tfhrouicle k fmttnel !
WEDNESDAY MORXIA'G, NOVEMBER 11. j
Rambling Thoughts about Rambling
People.
The American Union is informed that in j
several of the counties in Middle Tennessee,
the frecdiucu are refusing to enter into j
contracts for labor for the ensuing year.
There is an impression among some em
ployers who have sounded the negroes
upon the subject, that they are induced to
to this course by the advice of bureau
agents, and that some of them are flattered
with the belief, that, after Christmas, they
are to be invested with an interest in the
lands. The editor calLs upon the chief of
the Bureau to take immediate steps to re
move any agents who arc thus misleading
the negroes, and to give them correct in
formation. This impression existed very
generally in this section last year, and re
sulted in part from the policy of the gov
ernment in giving the negroes tcmjiorary
possession of the sea islands, i t was creat
ed also in many instances by designing
mischief-makers, who sought to win popu- j
larity with the negroes by creating such an
impression. It still prevails to some extent,
even in this community, notwithstanding
the continued efforts of Gen. Tilison and
his subordinates to remove it. Only adayor
ago an instance came within our knowledge
of an intelligent negro who told his employ
er that it was no harm for negroes to steal
from the white people—that all the whites
had, the nogroes had made for them, arid
that there was to be a division after awhile
anyhow. We do not know that there are
any .parties at present in our midst teach
ing the freed people such loose and mis
chievous sentiments, but it is evident that
they are under influences which tend to
alienate them from the whites, and to in
spire expectations of ease and independence
to come without labor.
It is the high duty of all who are capa
ble of influencing these people, to disabuse
them of such delusive hopes. Even if the
owners of th 2 soil were dispossessed, or a
portion of them—of which there is hardly
a remote possibility—new titles to their
lands would only lie secured by purchase.
And lands are so cheap already that every
freedntan can with ordinary industry and
economy, in a few years save enough to
buy a comfortable home. 1 here is no roj
al road to wealth, or to ownership of the
soil, and the colored people cannot too
Homi learn that the boon of' freedom is not
a horn of plenty to scatter food and rai
ment, and land on all who are released from
the ban of servitude.
There are other influences at work calcu
lated to make thefreedraen restless and dis
contented, and to deter them from making
contracts with present employers \\ e re
fer especially to agents for Western plant
ers, who are paid a bonus for every able
bodied man landed at certain points. They
usually offer higher wages than are custom
ary here, and have taken away thousands
of our best laborers to unknown lands of
promi o— it has been darkly hinted that
these lands lay in some instances,
amid the slave marts of the tropics. But
however that may be, their promises of
high wages have turned the heads of a
large number ot freedmen, who have re
solved not to make contracts for another
year, so that they may be free to accept
the offers of these Western agents. Ad
mitting that contracts made with them arc
carried out in good faith, it is very ques
tionable whether, with increased wages,
they can in the end do better in the A\ est
than they can do here amid the homes of
their days of servitude. Here they know
who they are dealing with, and are familiar
with the labor required of them; there
they go among strangers—often among un
principled adventurers, who may cheat
them out of their dues. They go often to
sickly districts, where doctors’ bills will
consume a great portion of their wages.
They go usually to largo plantations owned
often by non-residents, where the discipline
partakes 0 ,1. t
whips of slav' 1
feel that w
osU of til ■re .bi
we feel the
vise them t e . 'H , .
inducements ollercd them by those h-u.-c
ing drummers for plantations in the " e ;' ( -
We do not deny that both black and white
people map, in Winces, improve
,heir ewidifii- *'>’ emigration. But it must
.vhere they have the means to go and
110 k for themselves, and select a favorable
location ; or where they go with persons of
known reliability, who have already se
cured such locations. The results of the
present year —though attended by unusual
discouragements—have strengthened our
conviction that it is the true policy of Geor
giaipt, white and black, to cling to the old
goaf cultivate a spirit of kindness and jus
tice between the races, and rely on Provi
dence for the results.
Arrest of a Southern Clergyman for
Stealing.
The New York iLrW reports the arrest
of Rev. Geo. T. Williams, Rector of the
Episcopal Church in Suffolk, Virginia,
under very mortifying circumstances. He
was riding in a Fifth Avenue stage, seated
beside a lady named Mrs. Moore, when he
suddenly arose, pulled the strap and was
going hurriedly out, when a lady sitting
opposite to Mrs. Moore told that lady that
she saw the gentleman take her pocket
book. On looking for it, she discovered
her loss, and a gentleman in the omnibus
jumped out and following the light-fingered
divine, soon seized him by the collar. He
broke away and ran oil’ but was re-cap
tured, after quite a scuffle; and on Mrs.
Moore approaching him, he handed her
the pocket-book intact, and begged her
not to have him arrested. She was about
to let him off, when a policeman came up
and took charge of him. lie stated that
lie was a minister, and had visited New
York for the purpose of raising funds to
build a Church and establish a school, lie
further said that lie did not steal the pock
et-book. but found it lying on the seat, and
took it intending to advertise tor its-owner.
He had the highest credentials from emi
nent clergymen in Richmond, endorsed by
a number id New York divines. It is alto
gether a sad affair. He was looked up at
the police headquarters, and was to be
tried the uext morning.
Fire in .Nashville.
The / n ion , of the 6th, says that the
buildii g known as the Broadway \ arieties.
and the two buildings adjoining, were de
stroyed by tire on Sunday night. The tire
caught in the upper part of the buildiug in
which the owner. Mr. Davis, resided. He
was awakened by his trained dogs, who
jumped upon the bed and pulled the clothes
off to attract his attention, fin getting up
the fire had made such progress that
his family escaped with difficulty over
the roof of «n adjoining building. Ho lost
everything—including $7,800 in cash,
000 in clothing, ,kc. His total los> s 14,-
000. The members of the Dramatic Com
pany lost their wardrobe. Badler, who
occupied a store adjoining, lost about $ .-
000 worth *of goods—insured $20,000.
James Walker, *3s,ooo—iusured $26,1-"0.
Blood, Gregory A Cos. lost slo,ooo—par
daily insured. Moulton A Reed, owners
ofthe corner building, lost £' ">.ooo—in
sured. Robert B. Castleman, owner of
tlie store occupied by Blood. Gregory' \ Cos.,
lost $5,000. Two clothing stores adjoin
ing lost heavily in damage to goods from
water.
Not Enough to Do any Harm.
The New York Tribune , whose pet slo
gan is universal amnesty and universal
suffrage—in referring to the election in
Massachusetts says:
“A few copperheads and a few negroes
arc elected to the Legislature, but not
enough of either Jo do any harm.' ’
Does the Tribune mean to admit that
possible harm eats come of its doctrine of
negro equality '! If so. it should change its
tune on the suffrage question.
| 'Haiip.—The Tribune is mueh exercised
at the lies written to the European press
in reference to American polities, and at
tributes to them the strong sympathy mani
fested abroad for the cause of the South.
If hard lying could secure foreign sympa
thy the North ought to have had it all
her own way.
All flielr own May.
The result of the late elections leaves the
States of the South and the Conservatives
of the North and West, powerless before
the intolerant crest of proud and exultant
radicalism. The destinies of the country
are in the hands of such men as Butler,
Stevens & Cos., in the North, and Bing
ham, Logan k Cos. in the West. It cannot
be doubted that the effect of this endorse
ment of a violent and destructive policy,
by the people of the North and
West, must exert a very disastrous
influence upon the public confidence in pur
suits of peace. The effect upon the South,
will be to cripple and discourage enter
prise, drive off capital and population, and
force the people to depend upon their own
resources. These —under a propitious I iOV
idence —are such as to insure us, in spite of
despotic exactions by the central govern
ment. a degree of prosperity which may
yet excite the envy of the world.
As soon as we can repair the havoc of
vandalism inflicted on us during the war,
we may go forward rejoicing in the pursuits
of industry— tilling the soil, working mines
and running mills, almost unconscious
the existence of any government or au
thority, save that of our States—paying
with an ease amounting to disdain the
wrongful revenues exacted from U3, and
still growing richer than the demagogues
at Washington, or the cotton lords of'
Lowell, and live easier than the subser
vient herds who do their bidding.—
Whipped, crushed, dismantled-and no
little demoralized, as we were, by the war
—we have still too much pride and man
hood left to crouch like spanniels at the
feet of power, or purchase pardon and
nominal equality at the price of dishonor.
It is cheering amid the .defiant yells of
Radicalism, to know that there are those
at the North who fully appreciate the po
sition of the Southern people. The New
York Express, in a late issue, referring to
a letter from ex-Governor Perry of South
Carolina, and to the message of Governor
.Jenkins, in which their views on the con
stitutional amendment are given, says :
“such is the general feeling South, and it
is natural, defensible, and the precise
ground Northern men would take if the
tables were turned and places changed be
tween the respective parties.
“The Southern States, continues the
editor, have receded from all their unten
able positions, and now ask admittance as
equals, according to the declaration of
Congress in i SGI, as to the purposes of the
war; according to the laws of Congress in
1802, setting forth the number of repre
sentatives to which all the States were en
titled ; according to the repeated procla
mations of Mr. Lincoln in 1862 and 1863,
as to the purposes of the war ; according
to the promises exacted from the Soutli by
President. Johnson, before they could be
received, and according to the supremo
law of the land—the Constitution of the
United States—giving each and ad the
States, Senators and Representatives in
Congress. So far from dictating terms,
these people ask only for the performance
of duties, and so far from there being any
danger in this, we know that the North
and West have immense majorities in the
U. S. Senate and House of Representa
tives. The “ new guarantees ” called for,
show, first, a spirit of bad faith; and
secondly, they are a miserable pretence, in
tended to keep nearly one-third of the Sen
ators ami Representatives out of their seats
and the States unrepresented in Congress.
It is brute force npoq the one side, against
Law and Justice upon the other."
The arbitrament of our cause is in tlie
hands of the Northern people. So long as
the conservatives —though defeated—can
present their present formidable front to
the progress of Radicalism, we need not
feel that we are altogether powerless. We
have no voice, and can exert little influ
ence in the contest, and can only in pa
tience possess our souls.
The bands or the Soutli.
j 'flie Richmond Tine, is urging upon the
wnere if Virginia the itnpor
.HI ot if- ring their 1 «nl« upon s-. oh
j ..eriu d< will attract a , piilatjon of small
! -ii-iii'—s. idmitited wuh ihe soil to hko
■ he pi.id tis the Y'v-u drainage upon our
While wo arc satisfied that for some time
to come we must depend mainly upon the
class qf labor—so faithful and valuable in
the past—that is native to the soil and
inured to the climate —it is essential to the
development of our splendid resources that
we largely increase our agricultural forces.
Renting front year to year subjects all par
ties to great inconvenience and loss, and
defeats the feature of staliliti/ in the popula
tion, which is so important to all the inter
ests of the country. The Editor arrives at
the conclusion that the long leasehold sys
tem of Europe, and, especially, of Eng
land, is the only alternative left our land
holders, by which they can avoid actual
loss upon their estates, aud render them
ultimately of great value. As soon as it
should be published in Europe that the
Southern people were giving long leases
uiHin their property—say for the life of the
tenant, or for twenty, thirty, forty, or even
one hundred years, as is often the case in
England, the better class of European
laborers, * poor, but industrious, would
crowd to our shores. The long and ccr
tain tenure which would be granted to
them would be an incentive which would
bring thousands who have resisted the
attractions of the cheap land of tlie great
West; for they would require less money
to lease than to buy, no matter how low
the lands, because the tenant, starting
withomt a dollar, would have the assurance
that he would make and pay his lent an
nually out of the leased property by the
results of his daily labor. It is well known
that multitudes of emigrants arc deterred
from coming to America because of their
inability to buy lands, even at the low
figure at which they are sold by corpora
tions and the General Government. Long
leases would bring this class, coupled with
the hope, however distant, that the tenant,
or his children, would be permitted, when
able, to buy the tenancy and make it an
estate in fee simple.
Under Such a stimulus as we have just
mentioned, the tenants would at once
commence improving and adorning prop
erty which they had every hope of one day
making their own, and the balance of the
farmer's estate would be enhanced in value
by the presence and proximity of such
tenants. Should the landholders necessi
ties or interest dictate a sale of his prop
erty. including the leased estates, would it
not bring more, dotted with tenants, than
in its present unoccupied condition '? II hat
better investment would capitalists desire
than a farm covered with forty or fifty
years, leases, yielding a sure annual income, 1
and constantly appreciating under tlie cul
tivation of industrious small farmers ? The
change of ownership in the freehold need
: not operate to the prejudice ofthe tenants,
I because the deeds of lease and bargain and
i sale would fully protect them and secure to
■ them the privilege of ultimate purchase of
: the leased property, should they desire it,
1 when iu a condition to become owners.
When we consider that from the time of
the great feudal proprietors in Europe, the
.reat bulk of the lands there have been
held by landlords who let them to tenants;
that both have prospered, and that the
land? have steadily improved and advaueed
in value under the system: that as popu
lation became denser the farms became
smaller and even more profitablethat the
’ mmerei-ol and uignufaeturing prosperity
of England and other euttntries has been
built upon agriculture carried on in the
main by tenants who leased estates from
the large landholders; when we consider
all this, we cannot escape the conclusion
that the system under which other nations
have Hiriven ill benefit us. especially at
this time when our ••pe«*kar institution"
has been overthrown, and we are now iu a
condition where we can scarcely be worsted
by experiments.
Col. H. 1). Capers, commander of
Capers Battalion, winch was organized in
this city, has purchased the Centra! Georl
plan, at Sandersville, where, in connection
with his editorial duties, he will practice
law.
Admiral Farragut receive* $19,000 as
his share of the Mobile prize money.
Cotton Manufactures.
Under the operations of the existing tar
iff, the manufacturing interests of the
country are enjoying s rich harvest. New
enterprize- are springing up, all over New
England, and more capital is being direct
ed into manufacturing channels than ever
before. The National Intelligencer say
that the Messrs. Sprague, of Rhode Is
land, have made arrangements to erect five
cotton mills, with a hundred thousand
spindles each, at Augusta, Maine, which
will give employment, directly and indi
rectly, to fifty thousand people. The city
of Augusta with a spirit of enterprise and
foresight worthy of imitation elsewhere,
offered facilities to the enterprise. At
Fall River. Massachusetts, which is crowd
ed with factories and workshops ot ab
kinds, new companies, with large capi
tals, have been organized for the manu
facture of printing cloths and other cotton
goods. New and extensive establishments
for the manufacture of steam engines
have been started in New England. In
all these instances, enterprise is unaided by
a single article of raw material that is of
fered by New England. Iron, coal, cotton,
Ac., all are brought from other States. In
audition to this disadvantage, it is now
found that they have to import all new
machinery from England instead of making
it at home, because, 011 account of the high
price of labor and material there, it can be
produced in England at two-thirds of the
home cost.
The manufacture of cotton, as Governor
Patton, of Alabama, correctly stated in his
addre.-s to manufacturing companies in the
South, is much more profitable than its
cultivation. It is quite independent, too,
of bad seasons.
Every consideration leads to the conclu
sion that the majority©!' Eastern manufac
turers will be rewarded by an extension of
their business, and with enhanced profits.
How much more reason is there to
believe that manufactures will be a vast
source of wealth to the Southern States !
l“( nrses Comellomc to Roost.”
The general stagnation of business
throughout the country, especially through
out the North, is attested by all the com
mercial organs. Some attribute it to over
trading and to the rage of speculation,
complicated with political uncertainties.
So far as the last named and chief cause is
concerned, the National Intelligencer per
tinently remarks that the elections of Oc
tober and November have done nothing
towards its removal. The plethora in the
money market in New York is a sufficient
evidence of the fact that money is scarce in
other parts of the country, and that it
seeks no employment in the South. The
distributing points in the South are not
supplied with money, even for the neces
sary purposes of exchange. Exchange on
New York, offered in Charleston and New
Orleans, is hardly salable, though wanted,
because there is no money to buy it. The
banks have curtailed their discounts, and
are deficient in capital. Much more bank
ing capital and currency are needed in the
South, while the Northern cities are glut
ted with both.
The New York Tones says it does not
admit of a doubt that Northern capital is
being withdrawn from New Orleans and
every business point in the South, and
that it is equally certain that no fur
ther investments of Northern capital, in
that direction, will be made pending the
continuance of the sectional differences.
But the stagnation in business, that has
reached the centres, began in the interior.
Mercantile houses cannot collect from their
customers. The people will not take up
the large stocks of imported and domestic
goods that are offered, either because they
have not tlie means, or for the reason that
they have become more economical, or that
they await lower prices.
This is soon to be the case also in the
Nor ■hern States. A number of important
failures of manufacturing houses have oc
curred last week in the East. Those fail
ures or suspensions are a- bined to the
fact that • people in the interior do not
promptly pay for their goods; that the
roditsystem hu<lbjenimpro'ientl.v re\ i e t.
; and that dealers io do mi .•tie am! other
, goods are left with large stocks on bard.
it is believed oxten-ivc embarrass
ments and heavy losses will, ere long, fall
upon the leading importers and manu
facturers. The high prices at which they
have held their goods cannot be sustained
unless productive industry shall be restored
in every part of the country, and especially
in the Southern States.
Constitutional Amendment Postponed.
The National Intelligencer says “there
cent elections settled one point conclusively,
at least for some time to come —the Con
stitutional Amendment will not be adopted.
Neither the Legislature of Maryland nor
Delaware will sanction it. These, with
Kentucky and the ten excluded States,
make thirteen opposed to it. As it re
quires three-fourths of the States, the
adoption or rejection of the amendment is
now likely to be the rallying ground of
political parties for the next campaign,
and a-s.it is hardly possible that the Radi
cals will be able to create another wave of
popular feeling which will blind the judg
ment of the people, by introducing ex
traneous issues, we are likely to have a
thorough discussion and a perfect under
standing on all sides of the nature of that
amendment and of the i rinciples involved
in its adoption. The amendment makes
so sweeping a change as to justly entitle
it to be called revolutionary. Yet if the
! people arc really bent on its adoption,
after a thorough understanding of its cliar
| acter, we can acquiesce, while demurring
'to the wisdom of their course. But what
we have always strongly protested against,
and shall to the hitter end, is the effort to
' make its adoption the condition for the
, exercise of their undoubted rights on the
part of any section of the country. That
is to make the rejection of changes of the
organic law punitive, is tointroducea stylo
j of punishment unknown to the law and
the Constitution, and to set a precedent
fraught with mischief.
“Webelieve soberly that the result ofthe
late elections is not a verdict iu favor of
j the Constitutional amendment. <Ye be
: iieve that the thinking men of the coun
try are not prepared to make such an in
road as it proposes on the independence of
the States. We believe that the feeling of
the people against the leaders of the re
; hellion has been adroitly played upon to
secure a triumph that cannot possibly be
maintained. So believing, we shall spare
no pains to make clear the consequences
of the adoption such a revolutionary
change, and shall calmly await the revi
sion of this award, which is bound in our
judgment, to loud to the reversal of the
majorities over which our Radical friends
now so loudly exult.
Pacific Railroad.
“Leo,” the Washington correspondent
of the Charleston Courier, says the pro
ject of a Pacific railroad will be energetical
ly pressed before Congress this winter.
The condition of Mexico seems to favor
the revival of the project of ISSS, for the
Southern Rail Road route to the Pacific,
which was somewhat favored though not
adopted by Congress. The plan is altered
however. The route is not to be through
the Gadsden purchase. The plan is
after passing through Texas, with a line
connecting with St. Louis, to strike
through territory, “now Mexican,” to
£uaymas, on the California Culf. The
leading Company in this project is presid
ed over by Genera! Fremont. It is stated
that the projectors of this great enter
prise expect aid from Congress, through
the influence of General Fremont. It will
commend itself to the judgment -A capital
ist* and business men as the shortest, the
most economical and most practicable
route to the Pacific. Much may be said
in favor of a railroad through Mexico,
whether that territory is to be absorbed by
the United States or not. But it is not
probab'e that tic road could be made safe
without the guarantee of the United States
.and of all other leading powers. It would
be itse’f some basis for future improve
ment in the political condition of Mexico.
Fifty thousand hogsheads is the genera
estimate of the sugar crop of Louisiana
which is one-eighth of the old exop.
Sad Affair. —The Macon Telegraph
gives an account of the shooting of a young
man named Lewis Bronson, under sad and
singular circumstances. Bronson, with
two other young men, were seated together,
when one of them offered to sell the other
his pistol. The weapon was produced and
examined, but there being a disagreement
as to price, Bronson asked to see the wea
pon, aud it was handed to him.
In examining it, he held the muzzle to
wards the owner of the weapon, who re
marked to him if he wanted to point it at
any one the had better direct it against
himself.
No sooner had this remark been made
than Bronson placed the muzzle against
his right temple, arid asked, in a jocular
manner, as the young men thought, “Shall
I pull the trigger? - ’ He was answered
that if he did, he was a dead man, when,
just at that moment, the pistol fired, the
ball entering bis skull, causing his death in
a few moments. It is said that he had
previously made two attempts to kill him
self, and therefore the act was believed to
have been voluntary.
The Negro Exodus.—The Xewnan
Herald , referring to the efforts of the
agents of Western planters to induce
negroes to emigrate to Mississippi and
other States, expresses the fear that our
farmers are not properly exerting them
selves to retain the negroes as laborers.
There can bo no doubt that every one who
induces a laborer to emigrate, strikes a
blow at the prosperity of our country. We
urge our fiyming friends to look to this
question in time, and by all fair and legal
means, they should seek to render the
blacks contented, and encourage them to
make another effort, and perhaps propi
tious seasons and hard licks may bless
them and their employers with a plentiful
harvest in 1867.
No More National Banks to be Es
tablished. —The Comptroller of the Cur
rency announced yesterday that bonds have
been received for deposit with the Treas
urer of the United States, to an amount
sufficient to secure the entire three hun
dred millions of national circulation author
ized by law, and no more can be received
after this date. The limit has been reach
ed, and, hereafter, it will be useless to
forward bonds or to apply for increase of
capital, or for the organization of new
banks, or to do anything with the expecta
tion of obtaining circulating notes.
Public Land Operations.—Returns
received at the General Land Office show
that an aggregate of 51,714 acres of the
public lands were disposed of in Septem
ber last at the following local offices, viz ;
San Francisco, California, 3,606 acres;
Marysville, California, 11,006 acres; Tra
verse City, Michigan, 3,639 acres; and
East'Sanginaw, Michigan, 33,403 acres'
The greater portion of the lands were taken
up for actual settlement and cultivation.
The cash sales during the month amounted
to $27,682.
Suppression of Cholera News
Mr. T. Hicks, a prominent merchant of
New Haven, Illinois, reached Vincennes,
Indiana, on Friday night last, from Cin
cinnati, where he had been purchasing
goods, and died in a few hours from cholera.
The Indianapolis Herald says that fully
thirty merchants of Southern Indiana, who
have visited Cincinnati since the first of
August, have died of’ cholera. So much
for suppressing cholera in the newspapers
while it existed in the city.
Views of a Reconstructed Irishman.
—Hon. D’Arcy McGee made a speech
lately before the Canadian Society, and
said that if Jie had the ear of the Irish
people he would say: “Consider the pros
perous condition of Scotland. Cease to
pursue the impossible and impracticable.
Try, by way of novelty, something that
contains the elements of sueces-.” To the
imperial statesmen he would recommend
the familiar A merican word
tiori. and a generous policy towards Ire
land.
Sarah Donelsoo. of Red Bluff, Cab, is a
P ’ *;: 4: y f. *i', .' 4 Ni ' * 1 il' hr»H t
with five am-.-d In-lino-' Knocked two
down punch ! third in tin., head end
then retreating to her log hut, used her
rifle against the whole until they beat a
retreat, carrying off their wounded. She
had her thumb shot off, but otherwise is
as good as new, and now proposes to travel
on her muscle.
Favorable Comparison.—Comparing
John Alorrissey with other members of
Congress, the Chicago Times says of him:
“He is uot a drunken bully like Chandler,
nor a drunken fanatic like Yates, nor a
drunken idiot like Sprague. He is not a
blackguard like Ingersoll, a poor craven like
•Grinnell, an impracticable ass like Galena
AVashburn, nor a beast nor a thief like the
probable Congressman Butler. ’ ’
“Brick” Coming.—Al. Al. Pomeroy,
editor of the La Crosse Democrat, will this
winter visit all of the Southern States,
traveling by public and private conveyance,
from city to plantation, extending his
knowledge of the country, and writing
fully, impartially and truthfully, of the
wants, capacities, resources and business
of the South ; the sentiment and suffer
ings of her people ; the ravages and mar
rings of war ; the bravery and the van
dalism of troops, the condition of negroes
before the war and since ; the true work
ings of the Freedmen’s Bureau; and all
sucli information which will be of untold
value to the country.
War Relic.—Among the junk brought
to a dealer in Fredericksburg last week,
and shown to a gentleman from this city,
was a leaden star, formed by two bullets,
mov ng with the same velocity and mo
mentum, but from directly opposite points,
impinging against each other. This relic
was found on the battle field of Chancel
lorsviile, and that it was formed in the
manner above stated is proved by the un
defaced appearance of the bases of the
two bullets.
Supeme Court.—C. W. Dußose, Esq.,
Clerk of the Supreme Court of Georgia,
gives notice, in accordance with law, that
a term of the Court will be held at Mil
ledgeville, commencing on the first Monday
in December next, and that the docket will
be called in the following order:
1. Southwestern Circuit.
2. Pataula “
3. Chattahoochee “
4. Southern
5. Brunswick
6. Eastern
7. Western
8. Northern “
9. Coweta _ “
10. Cherokee
11. Biue Ridge
12. Tallapoosa
13. Flint
14. Macon
15. Middle
16. Ocmulgee.
Gen- McClellan s Movements.—The
Journal of Commerce says:
“Gen. McClellan has for two years past
been withdrawn from immediate commu
nication with the American public, and
wholly removed from all our political com
plications. The health of his family has
claimed his entire attention. He has
passed the last summer at St. Mauritz. a
remote and quiet bathing place in Swit
zerland. seldom visited by travelers, whith
er he was sent by the orders of physicians.
At the latest dates he remained in this vil
lage. the highest inhabited village in the
world, detained by the same causes which
have guided all his movements. The ho
tels were closed, and all summer travel had
ceased; but, we are happy to say, he
writes with more cheerful and hopeful
prospects.
A bill has just been passed by the Legis
lature of Natal, which will one day be re
garded with the same sort of amused in
terest with which Englishmen now read
the woh’edict of King Edward The bill
authorizes the government of -Natal to
offer a reward of El for cverr tiger or
panther killed : 10s. for every hyena, wolf,
wild dotr. or alligator four feet in length ;
and Ss.Y'.d. for every jackail or wnd cat.
Where sklu U pot produced, the skull
and the iarjip» Jmjst be pr«cntab.le. -lr.
Barton, the member who inppjtiuced tae
bill —the St. George of South Africa
stated to the house that he had personally
killed no less than twentr-four tigers in his
own neighborhood, and mat his stock had
teen decimated by ravenous beasts.
The 29th inst., has been appointed a day
of Thanksgiving in Ohio.
GEORGIA LEGISLATIRE.
xef?«tid for the chronicle and six tin: l
SENATE.
Wednesday, November 7.
The Senate met ac 10 o’clock A. M.
Braver by Rev. S. Brown.
The Secretary read a telegram from
Augusta, giving election returns from New 1
York.
Mr. Thornton moved to reconsider the
action of the Senate on yesterday on the
bill to allow the collection of any rate of in
terest that may be agreed upon. The mo
tion was lost—Yeas 18. Nays 19.
The bill to amend the charter of the
city of Bainbridge passed.
Bills to repeal portions of sections 3499
and 3500 of the code. Lost.
Bill to repeal section 940 and amend sec
tion 941 of the code. (This makes the
election of Public Printer biennial.)
Passed.
The hour of 12 o'clock A. M., having
arrived the Senate repaired to the Hall of
the House of Representatives for the pur
pose of electing a State Printer,
After the Senate had returned to their
chamber the House resolution of Mr. Hill,
of Fulton, requesting his Excellency to ap
point the 22d inst.. as a day 0. Fasting and
Prayer was .passed.
House resolution providing for the exam
ination of the digest of the decisions of the
Supreme Court of Geogia, prepared by J.
V • Avery, Esq., was agreed to.
House resolution appointing Mrs. Helena
Dawson, of Atlanta, an agent for the collec
tion of funds for the Orphan’s Home was
agreed to.
The Senate adjourned.
HOUSE.
Wednesday, November 7.
NEW MATTER.
Mr. Wonible : Bill to remit $4,000 of
the State tax of Upson county.
Air. Ridley,: To alter 4,283 section of
the Code.
Air. Willis: To amend tlie act estab
lishing the County Courts. Also, to
amend 630-section of Code.
Mr. Bulloch: To define the. duty of
arresting officers.
Air. AlcV’horter, Os Oglethorpe: To
declare all debts contracted prior to Ist
June, 1865, where slave property was the
basis of the credit, null and void, and to
compel creditors to compromise their
claims, taking in payment therefor such a
pro rata amount proportioned to the value
of all other property as compared with the
debtor’s slave property.
Air. Bush To prevent obstructions in
Spring Creek.
Air. Dixoi.: To incorporate the town
of Alarshalv’lle.
Air. Mores: To amend the act incor
porating tlie Georgia Home Insurance
Company.
Air. Baker: To provide foi the pay
ment of the salary of officers for the j ears
1861, ’62 ’63 ’64 and ’65.
Air. Alexander: To amend 4,451 sec
tion of Code- (This bill makes it a misde
meanor to hunt with guns or dogs on the
Sabbath.)
Mr. Peeples, of Henry : To amend the
act for the relief of maimed soldiers.
Air:. Johnson of Henry: To license
G. AY. Ray and Jossce Goodman as ped
dlars. Also, to consolidate offices of Cleric
Superior and Inferior Courts of Henry
County.
Air. Phillips: To encourage sheep rais
ing—(makes it a misdemeanor to hunt
with dogs in fields where there are sheep.)
Also, for the relief of J. It. Anderson.
Air. Johnson, of Forsyth: To amend
the act exempting certain property from
levy and sale.
Air. Woods, of Floyd: To amend the
act establishing County Courts.
Air. Humphreys, of Fannin: To amend
the late stay law.
Air. Stallings, of Cowetta : To increase
amount of property exempted from levy
and sale.
Air. AVilkcrson: For the relief of 11. R.
Air. S'., 1 ariugen To regulate the 1: ode
of retaining Unds tor taxation.
Mr. Ur- -i : An net- explanatory of the
.Ux .ftet.ot .-‘q.;, tf'v iU J J„
v, ifthc:U A Sroi'-fttn? others.
Ah. Rtiss 11, of ' hatham: To rear
jjauiie the file voiupau.es, vi Savannah.
Air. Hodges: To authorize J. Jolly to
peddle without license.
house.
Mr. J. B. Jones: To authorize the
various counties to work chain gangs on
police roads and bridges.
Mr. Peeples, of Barrien : To amend the
road laws.
Mr. Simms, of Bartow : For relief of
J. R. Winkle.
Mr. Howard, of Bartow : To amend
charter of Adairsville.
Mr. Starr : For the relief of executors,
administrators, guardians ai.d trustees,
who hold claims rendered worthless by the
emancipation of slavery.
Mr. Glenn : To enlarge the- rules of
evidence.
Mr. Rhodes, of Walker : Relative to ad
vertisements of executors and administra
tors in Walker county.
Mr. Lawson : To amend Act organizing
the County Court.
Mr. French: To amend charter of
Ellaville.
Mr. Mitchell, of Thomas: To authorize
City Council o£Thomasville to issue bonds
for the purpose, of taking stock in Georgia
and Florida Railroad.
Mr. Phillips: A resolution appointing
Mrs. Helen Dorsey an agent for the
Orphan’s Home.
The General Assembly went into election
of State Printer, which resulted—Burke
108 votes, Orme 68.
House adjourned.
Thursday, November 8.
SENATE.
The Senate met at 10 o’clock A. M.
Prayer by Rev. Mr. Yarborough.
On motion of Mr. 0. P. Beall, the ac
tion of thc.Senate yesterday on the bill to
repeal sections 4499 and 3500 of the Code,
was reconsidered.
Mr. Barwick introduced a bill to prevent
destruction of fish in Emanuel county, in
time of low water.
Mr. Carter: A bill to amend the Act for
the relief' ofthe people of Georgia.
Also: A bill to alter section 4248 of the
Code.
Mr. Daley: A bill to punish colored men
and white women for living in a state of
fornication, and to make it a misdemeanor
for a white women to be delivered of a
colored child.
Also: A bill to allow the citizens of
Mclntosh county to settle the question of
their county site.
Also : A resolution in relation to a mail
route to lleidsville, Tattnal county.
Mr. J. F. Johnson : A resolution au
thorizing the redemption by the State of
the change bills on the Western & Atlantic
R. R.
Mr. Ogden : A biil to repeal an act ex
tending the jurisdiction of Justices of the
Peace in Savannah.
Mr. Paris : A bill to encourage emigra
tion to Georgia.
Mr. Quilliau: A bill to amend the char
ter of the Kennesaw Mining & Manufac
turing Cos.
Mr. 0. L. Smith : A bill to approve the
consolidation of certain R. 11. Companies.
Mr, Strickland : A bill to amend Sec
tion 3764 of the Code.
Also : A resolution to furnish certain
books that have been destroyed.
Mr. Casey: A bill to repeal the tax on
cotton held as merchandize,
Mr. Bedding : A resolution asking of
| the Governor information in regard to the
Penitentiary. Adopted.
The bill to reduce the salaries of civil
; officers, was lost.
Bill to reduce the pay of members of
the General Assembly. Lost.
Bill to compel Judges of the Superior
Courts to read their decisions in open
court. Passed.
Bill to prevent the distillation of cereals
till the next session of the General As
sembly.
Biil for the relief of Albert Fields. Pass
ed.
Bill to extend the time for settlements
of'Tax Collectors, with the Comptroller
General, until Ist of February. Passed.
HOUSE bills.
Bui to authorize the citizens of Bartow
county eq settle the question of their coun
ty Jte by an election. paiSi- J.
Biii to change the time of holding the
Superior Courts. Passed.
Bill to amend the Charter of the town
of Sandersville, Passe],
The Senate adjourned.
HOUSE.
BILLS INTRODUCED.
Mr. Woods: To consolidate certain
R. R. Companies. •
To tax, in Camden county, all dogs over
three, $2 each, and all guns, pistols, and
rifles, over three. §1 each.
Mr Hardiman: To incorporate Rac
coon Gold Mining Company.
Mr. Russell: To authorize the sale of
certaiu commons lands in Columbus.
Mr. Johnson, of Wilcox: To change
the line between Wileox & Pulaski county.
Mr. Snead : To amend charter of Col
umbia R. R.
Mr. Stallings: To point out mode of
perfecting titles to lands by Adminis
trators.
Mr. Morris: To amend sections 15, 78,
and 79.0f the code.
Mr. J. B. Jones: To incorporate Han
cock Iron Company.
Mr. Ridley : To declare it a tresspass
or misdemeanor for persons to fish or hunt
on lands of others without permission.
Mr. Swann : To make defendants com
petent witnesses in certain cases.
Mr. Snead : To repeal 12th section of
the tax act of March 1860.
TIHRD READINGS.
To make valid the contracts of appren
ticeship entered into by freedmen under
instructions of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
Passed.
To change time of holding Superior
Courts in Clay and Mclntosh counties.
Passed.
To allow tax collectors till Ist of March
next to make their final settlements with the
Comptroller General. Passed.
To reduce city taxes of Cartersville.
Passed.
To amend the charter of the Georgia
Western Railroad. Passed
To regulate pay of Grand and Petit
Jurors in Merriwether county. Passed.
To amend the charter of the Water Lot
Company in Columbus. Passed.
-To amend 3499th Section of the Code.
Lost.
To make valid certain acts of Notaries
Public. Passed.
To regulate and prescribe the relation of
husband and wife between persons of
color. Lest.
To call a State Convention to reduce
number of House of Representatives.
Lost.
To prescribe days for all elections by the
General Assembly. Passed.
To define the residence of corporations.
Passed.
To repeal 13915 t Section of tbe Code.
To reduce jurisdiction of Justices Courts
to S3O. Lost.
Mi make J. P's. in Marion county ex
officio Road Commissioners. Passed.
To authorize the redemption of the
change bills issued by the W & A R It.
Lost.
BILLS INTRODUCED.
Mr. Pottle : To provide for an Agricul
tural College of this State.
The following joint resolutions appoint
ing a fast day have been adopted by both
Houses.
Whereas, It behooves all men to ac
knowledge their dependence upon the
Supreme Ruler of the Universe, to be
mindful of His providences, to return thanks
for His mercies and blessings ; to confess
their sins, and to importune Ilis favor ;
therefore,
Resolved, By the General Assembly of
the State of Georgia, that his Excellency,
tho Governor issue his proclamation set
ting apart Thursday, the 22d instant as a
day of fasting, humiliation and prayer,
requesting the same to be so observed by
the people of this State.
Adjourned. L. C.
SENATE.
Friday, November 9.
The Senate met at 10 o’clock A. M.,
pursuant to adjournment, and was opened
with prayer by Rev. Mr. Yarborough.
Mr. Ezzard moved to reconsider the
action of the Senate yesterday on the hill
(lost) to reduce the pay of members and of
ficers of the General Assembly. Lost.
Mr. Barwick introduced a bill to amend
the act for the relief of Administrators,
Guardians and Executors.
Mr C u't sr: \ bill ft rth 1)n of B
E. Wise, of Butts county, a convict m th
Penitentiary for the crime of murder.
Mr. Fr. email: A bill to extend tin ni
of the, State io the Air Lino Railroa*:
Mr. Gresham. A irll to r iiiiqaisc L
►'♦v* Hih-: yj'i r, :• . •
meat of $ !0,(d v to ■fie • J-eorgm Orphan-’
Home, their cent: iiguit interest in flu- land
known the Macon Ih serve.
Mr. McDaniel: A bill to extend State
aid to the Savannah, Griffin & North Ala
bama Railroad.
Mr. Parris : A bill to allow the redemp'-
tion of real estate sold under execution,
within a specified time.
Mr. Thurston submitted the report of
the Joint Committee on the Amendment
to the Constitution of the United States,
which was read. The report closed with a
resolution that the Senate decline to ratify
the amendment.
On motion of Mr. Moore, the resolution
was agreed to. Yeas, 36 ; nays, 0.
Mr. Dickey introduced a resolution tend
ering to Hon. 11. Warren a seat on the floor
of the Senate during his stay at the capitol,
which was adopted.
The bill to incorporate the Lumpkin
Porcelain Manufacturing Company was
■passed.
Bill to amend the charter of the Central
Railroad and Canal Company, and change
the name of the same. Passed.
The House bill to incorporate the Coweta
Falls Manufacturing Company of Colum
bus, Ga., was passed.
The Senate adjourned,
HOUSE.
MOTIONS TO RECONSIDER.
Mr. Brock moved to reconsider a bill
(lost yesterday) to repeal all law* creating
liens upon personal property after said
property has passed into the hands of a
third party. Motion lost.
Mr. Bulloch moved to reconsider bill
(rejected yesterday) to amend 1.3915 t Sec
tion of the Code. Motion prevailed.
Mr. Byinton’s motion to reconsider
bill (rejected yesterday) proposing to re
deem in U. S. currency at 80 cents in tie
dollar, the change bills issued by the State
Railroad, was lost. j
Senate amendments to House bill to al- j
low citizens of Bartow county,to vote on
location of their Court House, were con- j
curred in.
Hon. Hiram WarnoT was invited to a
seat on the floor.
BILLS INTRODUCED.
Mr. Hand: To let out the Public Print- j
ing hereafter by contract.
Mr. Hardeman : To incorporate the 1
"‘Banking, Building and Loan Associa
tion.”
J B J ones introduced a resolution to j
print 500 copies of Col. Frank Schauller s i
essay on the labor question of the South. |
Agreed to. \ j
Mr. Sharpe: Resolution asking )f Con- j
gress to repeal Federal tax on tobacco —(he [
might have added on cotton too.)
.Mr. Wall : To change line between Ap- ,
pling and Coffee.
Mr. Green introduced a paper recom
mending the ap; ointment of Joseph Lllsier
as commissioner of emigration.
Mr. Stallings : To extend the aid of the
State to the Savannah, Griffin and A. j
Alabama Railroad.
Mr. Finch : To amend penal Code.
Mr. Rogers : To compel persons to pay
tax on land in the county where land lies, j
Mr. Hockeland : To provide for right of j
way to persons who wish to carry 7 water |
through another person s lands, for milling ;
and mining purposes. _ j
House took up resolution adopted by the j
Senate, relative to adopting the Constitu- j
tionai Amendment. The House concurred
with two dissenting voices, viz: Mr. j
Ellington, of Gilmer, and Mr. Humphrey, !
of Fannin. Both Houses will thus be seen
to have rejected the Constitutional Amend- ;
ment. i
NEW MATTER.
Mr. Swearingen: To compensate man
j agers and clerks of elections in Decatur
i county. r „
Mr. McWhorter, of Greene : To give
1 factors and other merchants, who furnish
. planters with provisions, a lien upon tne
glowing crop. _ ,
Mr. Humphries, of Lincoln: To amend
j sections 636 and 4,632 of the Code.
Mr. Howard, of Lumpkin: To give
i Stare aid to the Air-Line Railroad.
Mr. Moses: To allow Pierce Lewis, a ,
minor, to settle with his guardian.
Also, to regulate the sessions ot the su
preme Court—(must meet first Monday m ,
May and November). ,
Mr. Barnes : To authorize an advance ;
of payment to the officers and members of
the General Assembly. (This is one ot-lr.
B’s petbilis. He introduces it- every sea
sion. He either gets out of money ierv j
soon himself, or pitying the condition of
those who are, he always comes to their
relief. He is a good natured, clever fellow
—always ready to help the needy and un- :
fortunate. ,•
Mr. Shaw : To amend loot-d section of
the code. T ANARUS, f
Mr. Spear: To remove Beat and
dumb Asylum to Macon.
Mr. Hughes : To punish employees of 1
farmers, who sell, without a written per- I
mit from employer, any farm products.
Mr. Robson : To amend charter of '
Mount 1 ernon Academy : . i
Also to amenJ3sssth section of code.
Mr. Glenn : For relief of Bridges and j
Sanson ;
Also a resolution to allow Superinten
dent of State Railroad to redeem change
bills issued by said Road.
Mr. Ford: J o change linos between
Dougherty and Worth counties ;
Also, to declare that a'l notes and other
obligations for purchase ‘money of slaves,
who have been emancipated, shall not be
collectable in any Courts of law and equity
in this State.
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT.
The report of the Joint Committee on
the state of the Republic was read inform
ally. It is a lengthy document. The fol
lowing is a synopsis. The report establish
j es conclusively the following positions:
Ist. That Statcsofthe United States are
alone authorized to consider constitutional
amendments.
2d. That such amendments must be pro
posed by two-thirds of the Congress, or
s Leaislatufes of two-thirds of the States.
That Georgia was one of the original
thirteen States by which the Government
was created, and must always have con
tinued to bear that relation to the General
Government, unless she reserved to herself
the right to secede or delegated to some
department of the General Government the
right to eject her.
. The report proves, by the legislation of
Congress—by the Proclamation of the Presi
dent and tho issues made and maintained
by the General 'Government during the
war, that a State could not secede; that
her practical relations to the Gen l Govern
ment were interrupted by the rebellion, and
that with its suppression, the States were
restored to their practical relations; and
the constitution, which had never been
overthrown, became the supreme law of
the States recently in rebellion, and that
this constitution can only be changed in
the manner prescribed by the States them
selves.
The argument continues with consider
able force, to show that Georgia and the
other Southern States formed integral
parts of the Congress, and that no Consti
tutional Congress could be convened while
integral parts of the whole are forcibly ex
cluded. And i:t conclusion, for these rea
sons, the amendment not having been pro
posed by two-thirds of the Congress, re
commend the adoption of the following re
solution :
Resolved, That the Legislature of Geor
gia declines to ratify the amendment pro
posed as a 14th Article to the Constitution
of tho United States.
House adjourned. L. C.
TIIE GERMAN QUESTION.
The Prusso-Saxon Treaty.
The following are the principle points of
the Saxon peace treaty:
Saxony will enter the North German
Confederation. The Saxon army will be
re-organized as soon as conditions have been
arranged by the North German .Confedera
tion. Konigstein and Dresden will have
mixed garrisons. Prussia will furnish
garrisons for other Saxon towns until the
organization of the Saxon army takes
place. The Saxon troops, about to return
home, will be placed under the command
of the chief Prussian general in Saxony.
Tho war indemnity to be paid by Saxony
is fixed at 10,000,000 thalers, from which
1,000,000 will be deducted on account of
cession to Prussia of the railways of Lobau
and Gorlitz. The Prussian military gov
ernors and civil commissioners will cease to
exercise their functions. The former Zoll
veroin treaty 'vili continue in force, subject
to a notice of six months, should either con
tracting party desire to withdraw there
from.
Prussia obtains exclusive possession of
the Saxon telegraph wires. Persons politi
cally compromised during the war will not
bo molested on that account. Saxony will
regulate her diplomatic representation in
conformity with the general basis to be laid
down for the whole of the North German
Confederation.
Indian Ability and Indian Skill.
Tho name of each tribe of Indians has a
signification, which is represented by a
sign that is well understood by them all.
The Comanche, or “Snake,” is indicated
by making with the hand a waving motion,
in imitation of the crawling of the reptile.
The Cheyenne, or “Cut Arm,” by draw
ing the hand across the arm to imitate it
with a knife.
The or “Smeller,” by seiz
ing the nose with the thumb ami forefinger.
The Sioux, or “Cut throats,” by draw-*
ing the hand across the throat.
The Pawnees, or “Wolves,” by placing
a hand on each side of the forehead, with
two fingers pointing to the front, to repre
sent the narrow, sharp ears of the wolf.
The Crows, by imitating tho flapping of
the bird’s wings with the palms of the
hands.
On approaching strangers, He prairie
Indians put then horses at full speed, and
persons not ' niliar with their peculiarities
and habits i gilt interpret this as an act of
hostility : but it is their custom with friends
a*, .vel! as e’aies, and should net occasion
-"iWau-■
When a party is discovered app v- ing
thus, and are near uoitgli to di> iauslsh
signals, 41 L■! - ,;."v in order tu as
certain their . disposition is to raise their
right hand with the palm in front, and
gradually push it forward and back sever
a’ times. They all understand this to be a
command to halt, and if they arc not hos
tile. it will at once be obeyed.
The astonishing aptness of the Indians
in “tracking” is shown in this interesting
passage:
Almost all the Indians whom I have met
with are proficient in this species of knowl
edge, the faculty for acquiring which ap
pears to be innate with them. Exigencies
of woodland and prairie life stimulate the
savage from childhood to develop faculties
so important in the arts of war and of the
chase.
I have seen very few white men who
were good trailers, and practice did not
seem very materially to improve the facul
ties in this regard. They have not the
same acute perceptions of these things as
the Indian or Mexican. It is not appre
hended that this difficult branch of wood
craft can be taught from books, as it per
tains almost exclusively to the school of
practice; vet I will give some facts relating
to tbe habits of the Indians that will facil
itate its acquirement.
A party of Indians, for example, starting
out on a war excursion, leave their fami
lies behind, and never transport their
lodges; whereas, when they move with
their families, they carry their lodges and
other effects. If, therefore, an Indian
trail is discovered witli the marks of the
lodge poles upon it, it has certainly not
been made by a war party; but if the
track do not show the trace of lodge poles,
it will be equally certain that a war or
bunting party has passed that way, and if
it is not desired to come in conflict with
them, their direction may be avoided.
Mustangs, or wild horses, when moving
from place to place, leave a trail which is
difficult to distinguish from that made by
a mounted party of Indians, especially if
the mustangs do not stop to graze. This
may be determined by following upon the
trail until some dung is found, and if this
should lie in a single pile it is a sure indi
cation that a herd of mustangs has passed,
as they always stop to relieve themselves, j
while a party of Indians would keep their ;
horses in motion, arid the ordure would be ;
scattered along the road. If the trail pass I
through woodland, the fciustang will occa
sionally go under the limbs of trees too low 1
to admit the passage of a man on horse- j
back.
An Indian, on coming to a trail, will
generally tell at a glance its age, by what
particular tribe it was made, the number
of the party, and many other things con
nected with it astounding to the uninitiated.
I remember upon one occasion, as 1 was
riding with a Delaware upon the prairies,
we crossed the trail of a large par :y of In
dians traveling with lodges. The track
appeared to me to be quite fresh, and I re
marked to the Indian that we must be near
the party. ‘‘Oh, no” said he, “the trail
was made two days before, in the_ morn
ing,” at the same time pointing with his
finger to where the sun would be at about
eight o’clock. Then, seeing my curiosity
was excited to know by what means lie ar
rived at this conclusion, he called my atten
tion to the fact that there bad been no dew
fyr the last two nights, but. that on the
previous morning it had been heavy. He
then pointed out to me some spears of
grass that had been pressed down into the
earth by the horse’s hoofs, upon which the
sand still adhered, having dried on. thus
clearly showing that the grass was wet
when the tracks were made.
The New German Empire. —The
London Timex, of the 15th, has the follow
ing from a leading article on Prussia and
the .present state of the German nation :
The work ofßismark, as we now *ee it.
might have been neater; but the end is not
yet. and already we hear that the Northern
Parliament will signalize its first sitting
by proclaiming William I, Emperor of
Germany. Should ,-uch a claim be carried
into effect, it would be for the same As
semb’y to determine the relations between
the central Power and the dependent
States: to limit the power of the Princes
reduced to the condition of vassals; and,
perhaps, to deliberate on the restitution,
on the same condition, of the fallen dynas
ties to their thrones. Steps are taken, in
the meanwhile, for the reconstitution of
the Zollvc-rein, now to be extended to ail
Germany, including even, as members of
the Northern Confederacy, the Hanseatic
cities, Hamburg Bremen, and Lubeck.
Should the new arrangements, as it ap
pears probable, deprive those places of
their privileges as free ports, the com
merce of England and the world would by
that measure be far more seriously affected
than by any real injury that the loss of in
dependence may inflict on land-locked
Frankfort.
General John S. Williams, known iu the
old army ais Cerro Gordo Williams, and
since as one of the moat daring and suc
cessful of the Confederate cavalry, is in I
New Orleans.
Got. Swann’s Decision.
Governor Swann’s decision is a lengthy
document, covering some thirty pages of
manuscript. The following are tlie main
points in tho document. Tho Governor
says:
I have duly considered the charges which
have been preferred by certain citizens of
Baltimore, against who were denied the
right to vote at the late munieapal election
for Mayor and Members of the City Coun
cil, against the Police Commissioners in
connection with the testimony submit tea
for my guidance in the case, and have ar
rived at conclusions which I shall proceed
briefly to state.
The refusal of the Police Commissioners
at the,opening of this investigation to ap
pear before the Governor upon his sum
mons to answer the charges of misconduct
in office, I look upon as an offence for
which they might have been held responsi
ble without any further inquiry into the
evidence of official misconduct in the late
election.
It is true that the Commissioners,
through their counsel, have to some extent
retraced their steps, and announced their
willingness to appear and answer any
questi ins the Governor might have to pro
pound. But I do not understand that
they have yielded the point of jurisdiction
to which they still adhere. Their action
in declining to respond to the summons of
the Governor places them in the attitude
ox the State officers, made by the law sub
ject to his direct supervision, treating with
contempt the power specifically delegated
to him by the Legislature, and the still
higher power conferred by the 15th section
of the 25th article of the Constitution, to
take care that the laws be faithfully
executed. How is the Governor, it may
be asked, representing the sovereignty
of the State, to discharge an impera
tive duty imposed upon hitn by the organic
law, in conflict with rebellious officers set
ting his authority at defiance, and denying
his right to hold them accountable for offi
cial misconduct or a palpable violation or
neglect of their duties? The police law
invests these Commissioners with almost
absolute power, fearful in its scope in the
hands of the designing men, without a
cheek somewhere to protect the public in
terest. The Legislature never intended
any such thing. The State of Maryland
is at this very moment threatened with in
vasion by armed bodies from other States.
Military organizations have been formed in
the city of Baltimore for the open and
avowed purpose of resisting the authority
of tho laws. No single steps, so far as I
am informed up to tins time, have been
taken by the police board to suppress this
tendency to anarchy and rebellion now so
threatening, and to excite riot and blood
shed among our people. It is well known
that so far as the action of the Governor is
concerned, no pretext has been furnished
tor these revolutionary proceedings. Is
the Governor, to whom these officers are
made directly responsible by the law, to
rest quiet, and see the laws of the State
violated, the public peace disturbed, the
State invaded by armed revolutionists in
complicity with those wliotu tho Bolioe
Board are encouraging by their apathy,
arid made no effort to protect the dignity
of the State against insult and outrage?
But the Legislature did not leave to im
plication this power of the Police Conmiis
sion in the discharge of their official duties
as State officers.
The Governor then proceeds to review
the law governing his action, and proceeds
to argue that the exclusion of the newly
registered voters at the last municipal elec
tion by the judges, was a flagrant violation
oftlieir duties, and says the examination
of the judges of the election, all radical in
their proclivities with one or two excep
tions, produced a most unfavorable impres
sion upon my mind as to their conduct in
tho future, if continued in office. Enter
taining the intolerant view that loyalty re
sided only with those who support their
policy, is it not a reasonable inference
that they would claim in the absence of
any instructions from the Police Commis
sioners who refuse to interfere, to challenge
the votes of all who do not come up to
their standard ? If they ignored the obli
gation of a second ballot-box for rejected
votes, so plainly pointed out by the law,
surely it would be no greater stretch of au
thority to go behind the registry and recog
nize whom they please as legal voters.
The Governor next reviews the registra
tion law, and the various decisions under it,
and the election laws, and sums up as fol
lows :
The evidence in the case Droves beyond
a doubt that the Police Commissioners
have violated the law and rendered them
selves liable to the charge of misconduct in
office ; by creating or permitting to grow
up under their eyes, and with their com
plicity, a violent partizan organization,
treating all as disloyal who do not adopt
the view- of the radical party: by denying
the righto: The Governor i entertain juris
diction of lie charges of official miscon
duct preferred against the < mmissioners:
by appointing.to office jud. > if (flection,
speci-l .oUiicmen. and clerks, ex- lu.-.o el>
fr-ar-betr'' gvl parry: and in -nar-ey i«-
staae - incompetent, and in i.ute F th -
pro,- icg the most disreputes ’-ar .eun->,
and c-nying appointment- . J r
class of our citizens; by delegating to the
marshal and officers under him the power
to appoint special policemen, without
themselves inquiring into the qualifications
or moral standing of said office - s, thus at
tempting to throw the lesponsibility of the
bad appointments, which they were ready
to accept, upon their subordinates; by
suffering the judges ol election to throw
aside the boxes for rejected ballots, and giv
ing them no advice as to their obligation
under the law to use them, and refusing
to remove them from office lor so manifest
a violation of duty.
The Governor concludes as follows:
The Governor of the State cannot shrink
from bis duty to the people. The threats
ot armed combinations at home, of inva
sions from other States to overturn our
laws, could hardly be expected to deter
him for a single moment from the unflinch
ing exercise of all the functions with which
he has been clothed.
The people of the State of Maryland
have been registered by Union men, not
the less so because conservative in their
sentiment, and these voters, duly pa sell
upon by the proper officers, after full ex
amination into their qualifications, the
constitutional oath administered to one and
all, and their names entered upon the offi
cial registry as legal voters. They are ad
judged to he so by our highest tribunal.
They ask at the hands of the Executive
that they may not he excluded by a power
ful partizan combination under the control
of the Police Commissioners—not powerful j
in numbers, but because of the authority 1
which they have heretofore exercised un
der their commissioners from the State, i
claiming that there is no loyalty but in the j
extreme party, and turning a deaf ear to :
the demands of any other class of our citi
zens. In the discharge of my official duties
in this case, I cau know no party 7 .
I must see that the authority of the State
! is maintained in the interest of the people.
i If the laws are objectionable, the Legisla-
I ture which made them, and not the Gov
! ernor, is responsible. Ho is the Executive
! and not the law-making power. He would
bring disgrace upon the State if he should
do injustice to the humblest citizen. The
: appeals to the returned veterans, by weak
and thoughtless men, t.o raise the standard
of rebellion against the constituted authori
ties of the Stale, cannot fail to meet the
condemnation which it deserves among all j
order-loving citizens of whatever political
party. They would he doing litre, if they j
heeded such advice, (which 1 am sure they 'l
will not,) just what (hey 1 ave been fight
ing to rebuke in the rebellious States. The !
first shot fired upon the American flag in
the hands of the recognized authorities of j
this State, besides subjecting them to the j
severest penalties of the law, would cause,
the laurels which they have won in the j
struggles of the past, to fade and wither in I
their hands. They will not, I am :
sure, permit themselves to he lured
from their path of duty, as law abid
ing citizens, by impulsive and reckless lead
ers when they have the courts alwaysopen
to their grievances. While to them I
speak in the language of friendly ad- !
monition and siucerest regard, I cannot j
characterize with too much indignation the
intrusion into Maryland to intervene in her :
domestic affairs of a well-known revolution
ist and agitator from an adjoining State, i
who, repudiated already by the leading jour
nals of the party with whom he is co-opera-
ting for this wicked attempt to excite blood
shed and provoke another civil war, has
already retired from the field of his treason
able machinations to secure himself from
the contempt which his conduct has every
where provoked. Ho mu*-t not forget that
the strong arm of the law is impending
over him and that the State of Maryland
will know how to protect herself at the pro
per time against all such' disturbers of the
peace and safety of her people. Impressed
as 1 am with the utter demoralization of
the police organization as it now stands,
I shall do what 1 ean do to restore
it to its proper relations with the State and
the law upon which it is founded. I have
no desire to appeai to the General Govern
ment for aid to enable me to execute the
laws, and to protect our citizens against
threatened riot and bloodshed, unless im
pelled to take this step by the further re- j
distance of the Police Commissioners and
their followers, to the laws of the State. :
If that contingency should arise, the re- j
sponsibility will be upon those who provoke
it. I stand upoD the Constitution and the
laws of the State, and there I will continue I
to stand until the trust imposed upon me :
by the people of the State of Maryland j
shall be delivered back into their hands,
in spite of all threats of personal violence j
and the blustering efforts of intimidation
which have already disgusted discreet and
thinking men throughout the country. I
can only say for myself, that the remnant j
of my life, now half spent, would he pur- ;
chased at too dear a cost in the high po
sit ion which I occupy as Governor ot the
State of Maryland, ny the dishonor of my j
State and the degradation of her people, 1
Thomas Swann,
Governor of Maryland. I
■■ ■» '■ «s. inns
THE STATE REVENUE LAWS.
Tb i”’ " • 7 ;■ a summa-vofthc (y.n-n
--troiicr General s Report, a'few days ago,
yu. promised to give his suggestions in rc-
, 1 ‘ i-tnond l cent of the Revenue
laws of the State. They are as follows:
TAX ON LIQUORS.
The returns of sales of liquors, in ac
cordance with die tax act of 1806, for the
first quarter, amounted to J 31.150 gallons,
upon which no tax has been collected ; for
the second and third quarters, to 100,586
ganons Jhe tax on the same has teen
paid into the .treasury, with the exception
01 the amount due from a few counties.
Ao provisions having been made by the act
for the compensation if collectors, I have
adopted the scale laid down in the code of
Georgia, and paid the commissions at the
end of each quarter, except the first
hoping by such a course to ensure prompt
collections and payments of the tax, in
which I have not been disappointed.’ It
cannot be denied but that the returns fall
far short of what was anticipated, and have
not been made in good faith by dealers. As
the law now stands, liquors are taxed every
time they are sold, and a number of expe
dients have been adopted to avoid the pay
ment of the tax, which can lie easily doiie
by the dealer without violating the strict
letter of the law, viz: A sends to R, a
wholesale merchant, an order, which B
(-ends to some point out of the State to be
filled, making no return to the Collector,
claiming that he only acted as agent
for A, and so on, until no one pays any tax
but the retail dealer. Sales of domestic
liquors by tho distiller or manufacturer
being also exempt, most of them have es
tablished retail shops, wliicii being protect
cd by a bonus of twenty cents on the gal
lon, has enabled them to do a thriving
business, and thereby greatly encouraged
the manufacture of liquors throughout the
State. The law is very defective, and I re
spectfully recommend that it be amended
by taxing all sales of liquors, whether of
domestic or foreign manufacture, and all
wholesales in quantities of forty gallons or
less. In this form neither the manufac
turer, distiller, or wholesale merchant can
object to the law, and I do not doubt that
more revenue will be realized than can be
under the law as it now stands.
TAX ON INCOME.
Section 9th. tax of 1866.— 1 “Be it fur
ther enacted, That all laws heretofore pas
sed levy ing and collecting a tax on income
be, and the same are hereby, repealed.”
I suppose the intention of the Legislature
was to repeal tho various laws passed du
* ing the late war taxing personal income,
and not to repeal the laws in relation tu tax
on railroads, express companies, and
foreign insurance agencies, which in this
State for several prior years have paid an
income tax. 1 would respectfully suggest
that it be amended, which can be done by
simply declaring the laws regulating the
tax on said companies, prior to 1863, as still
in force.
PROPERTY EXEMPT FROM TAXATION.
Paragraph 11th, section 729, (lode of
Georgia, reads as follows: “All planta
tion and mechanical tools, and a ! l house
hold and kitchen furniture, not above the
value of three hundred dollars, and not
held for sale or as merchandize.”
There is a diversity of opitron among
our people as to the proper construction of
the above cited paragraph, and in many
instances great errors are committed. As
to whip, are mcchauicle tools, is a question
that every man wishes to decide for him
self". Many men claim that work stock
used either directly or remotely on a farm,
are plantation tools, and, therefore, exempt;
vvliiiu mechanics and publishing or printing
houses claim the same for everything, even
to steam engines connected with their
legitimate trade. Some parties to my cer
tain knowledge claim, and are really ex
empt from any tax, on investments to the
amount of thirty thousaud dollars. I
would repcetfully suggest that all planta
tion and mcchauicle tools, over three hun
dred dollars in value, be declared as sub
ject to taxation.
TAX ON BANKS.
i ßy an act, assented to March 7th, 1566,
ail the banks in this State are required to
make returns, under oath, of their assets,
and the same rate percent, to be assessed
upon the amount returned by the Comp
troller General as upon other property.
A copy of the above cited act was sent to
each of the old, and to the National Banks
throughout the State. Three of the latter
ha ,r e made returns and paid their tax,
while communications have been received
from most of the former, reporting no as
| sests. 1 have no doubt but it will be
j readily conceded that none of the old banks
j have done any business since the close of
! the war, and the capital stock being ex
empt from taxation by the act 0f1865, no
i: xis due from them. I can sop no rea
son however, why the ical value of die
Dank stock should not be returned and lie
subject to the same ad -aloran tax as other
property, and would therefore r oomtaend
that iljelaw be so amended. Ifo: j» FA
sonic dtffhbts its’iow. oi <i the Miot ic
Banks were subject to Stu ax, I addressed
a ieitei inquiry to th 1 VjnptiuHer of
the Uni tod Suites otjnCßCj and received
a reply in substance, as follows :
“Section 4, of the National Currency
act'provides, That nothing in this act shall
be construed to prevent ail the share s in
any ot the said associations, held by any
person, or body corporate, from being in
cluded in the valuation of the personal
property of such person or corporation in
the assessment of taxes imposed by, or un
der, State authority at the place where
such bank i.-> located, and not elsewhere,
but not at a greater rate, than is asses
sed upon other moneyed capital in the
hands of individual citizens of such State.”
There can lie no doubt as to the liability
of the National Banks to State taxation,
but I deem some action necessary in re
gard to this matter to enable tho Comp
troller General promptly to enforce the
law against said banks.
TAX ON COTTON AND PRODUCE.
No. 54, Section Ist, assented to Decem
ber 15th, 1862. '‘/d> it enacted hy the.
General Assemhiy, That all cotton and
grain, or other produce in this State held
tor barter or sale, on she first day of April
in each and every year, and not belong
ing to the original producer, are hereby de
clared to be merchandise, and therefore
taxable as other property.”
I can roe no means of effectually enforc
ing this law. and owing to the present
heavy tax of three cents per pound impos
ed upon cotton, I deem it unnecessary to
say more than to recommend that the law
be repealed.
TAX ON NEGROES.
From all the information in my posses
sion, the taxon negroes is likely to prove a
troublesome question, and will swell the
insolvent lists of the Tax Collectors to an
alarming extent.
1 The aw, as it now stands, is very defec
tive, and will have to lie radically changed
* before much revenue can be realized from
this source Numerous letters have been
received from the 'Tax Collectors stating
that most of the negroes refuse to pay the
tax, or even give their names; and also,
that many whose names appear on the
Digest have changed their homes and can
not now he found. Every effort has been
made to enforce the law, and this ean only
he done where the negro is actuaily in the
employment of some solvent tax-payer,
while all others, when so disposed, easily
avoid the tax —generally owning no proper
ty (even when known to the Collector)
upon which a fi. fa. can be levied and the
tax collected.
By the laws oi this State, the only pen
i alty against an insolvent tax-payer is to
deprive him of the right to vote, which, of
course, does not apply to negroes. This
law should be amended by adopting some
mode to compel every man to pay the spe
cific or poll tax, since it will not do to dis
criminate between the races. Unless some
mode be adopted by which the tax can be
collected, unknown to the laws of Georgia,
the tax on negroes had better be abolished.
It is true that some revenue may, and
doubtless will, be rcceivecUrom this source;
hut very few over half the negroes will pay
any tax, and even what is collected will he
the cause of much feeling between the em
ployer and the negro, who is jealous
enough of his pecuniary interest to' know
that, ii the employer doe:-: not pay the tax,
he can easily avoid it altogether, having no
property upon which the Collector can levy
a/«. fa, and collect the tax.
I respectfully recommend that the law
be so amended as to give the Collector
power to enforce the payment by fixing
some penalty against ail who fail to pay
their taxes where no property can be found
upon which to levy a fi. fa.
I do not doubt that this law would be
very distasteful to many of our people, arid
that it has some repugnant features ; but
no la w less stringent will effect the purpose
sought, and unless such an amendment be
added to the existing law (which does very
well so far as it goes, hut fails to attach
any penally again ,t those who fail to pay
their taxes,) very little can ever be realized
from a specific tax on negroes, and the law
taxing them had better be repealed, al
t'nourii the Stats will lose all of seventy
five thousand ($75,00 *) dollars revenue,
which should he paid by the negroes, who
claim and receive the full protection of the
laws, and therefore should help to sustain
them by paying a pro rata tax.
The Health or Empress Carlotta.
—A Venice letter says that there is little
} hope of restoring Empress Carolotta to
i perfect health. She is still suffering under
: an incessant apprehenson that those around
her are seeking her life. She refuses to
eat any food that is prepared for her,
and subsists on raw chestnuts and cold
water —nor will she ever take these in the
presence of any of her attendants.
Newspaper Convention.— The pro
prietors of the daily papers of Worcester,
Springfield, Providence, Norwich, New
Haven, Bridgeport, Wgterbury, New Lon
don. end llaitford held a meeting in Hart
ford a few days ago, aud organized anew
telegraphic association, called th« “New
England Way Panel- Ammmmm. ’