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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1866-1877 | View Entire Issue (March 24, 1869)
ClitonicU & Sentinel. IVKDXKSDAY MOBY IKS. MARCH 21. r 1 | The Final Vote In tbe House on the Fifteenth Amendment. We present below the names of mem bers of the House and the way they voted on the final vote on the ratification of the : proposed Amendment. It will be seen that there was a very thin House, only ! one hundred and thirteen members being j present out of one hundred and seventy- 1 five, or less than two- thifdsof a full House. ; It is said that the extreme Radicals re fused to vote, though we see in the list of nay* the name of little Fjphe. We are also j surprised to find such extreme Radicals as j Madison, of Lincoln; O'Neal, of Lowndes, and Fitzpatrick, of Bibb, voting against ratification. We are sorry to find among 1 the yeas the names of Shumate, Rawles, Nesbit, Price, Carpenter and others ol whom wa expected better things : Yeas —Messrs. Anderson, Ayer, Belch er, Bethune, Carpenter, of Hancock; Car- i son, Chambers. Clarke, Glower, Cloud, Cunningham, Parnell, Donaldson, Lllis, of Spaulding; Erwin, Evans, Ford, George, Gober, Gray, Greiger, Guilatt, Hall, ol Glynn ; Hamilton, Harper, of Sumter ; Harris, Heard, Holden, Hooks, Kellogg, Kytle, Lane, Lee, Long, Mc- Arthur, Madden, Mathews, Maxwell, Nesbit, Osgood, Parks, of Gwinnett ; Parks, of Greene ; Perkins, of Cherokee ; Perkeins, of Dawson; Price, liawles Rouse, Humph. Sewell, Shumate, Smith, of Macon ; Smith, of Coffee ; Smith, of Telfair ; Taliaferro, Watkins, VVilliams, of Dooly; Zellars, Zelner— 62. Nays—Messrs. Ballanger, Brown, Butt, Bradford, Burtz. Cleghorn, Cobb, Craw ford, Drake, Fiucanuon, Fitzpatrick, Flournoy, Fowler, Franks, Goff, Grimes, Darkness, Harrison, Hill, Hillyer, Hitch cock, Hook,Hughes,llumber, Kimbrough, Kelly, McCombs, McCulloch, Madison, Meadows, Morgan, Nash, Nunn, O’Neal, Pcnland, Popper, Phillips, Rosser, Ifccrug gins, Scott, of Floyd, Sisson, Sorrell, Tum lin, Tarnipsecd, Tweedy, Walthal, War um, YVare, Wilclier, Wilcox, Wilson—sl. The extreme Radicals refusing to vote at all. . Note. — Mr. Harper, ol lorreli, was in the chair, when the vote was taken, and did not vote on the 15th amendment. ] The Constitutional Amendment In the Senate. We present below the vote in the Senate on the motion ,f Col. Burns to postpone indefinitely all action on the Constitutional Amendment. It will be seen that only five Democrats voted yea on this question, while twelve Radicals were found on the j sameside. It will be remembered that a vote j in favor of indefinite postponement, was j equivalent to a vote against the measure. Among those who voted against indefinite postponement or in favor of ratification, we j find only six Radicals to eleven Democrats. This analysis of the vote in the Senate is quite suggestive. Why the Radicals should vote against ratification when it is known of all men that the proposed amend ment is a purely Radical proposition—in troduced in Congress by a Radical and passed in both Houses exclusively by Radi cal votes way be a matter of surprise to some of our readers. The true secret of this vote of the Radicals in the State Legis lature is this. They hope by defeating the Amendment to so exasperate the Radical majority in Congress as to iuduce from, themfurtlier proscriptive legislation against the people of this State. They intend to point to this refusal of the legislature to ratify as another exhibition ol the still ex isting rebellious spirit of our people. By adopting this course they are weak enough to believe that Congress will not analyze the vote on the measure but jump at once to the conclusion that its defeat was due to the revengeful spirit of disloyal rebel Southern sentiments. Even Mr. Ben. Conley, the tool of Blod gett the infamous, was induced to throw the casting vote against ratification in the hope that, by so doing, he could secure the farther punishment and degredation ot the people of the State. We think that this subterfuge of the Radicals will fail of its intended effect. CWIiMPiYJ&SE? !‘V urtioient intelligence in oarefully analyze this voto and find from it the true cause of tbe defeat ot the pro posed amendment : Yeas—Mesrrs. Adkins, Rad.; Bowers, Rad; Burns, Dem; Gaudier, Dem; Col umn, Rad; Griffin (6tb), Rad; Harris, Had; lligbee, Rad; Ilungerford, Rad; .(ones, Rad; McArthur,Dem; McWhorter, Rad ; Nunnally, Dcui ; Sherman, Rad ; Speer, ltad; Welch, Rad; Wooten, Dem -17. Nays—Messrs. Adams, Dem; Brock, Rad; Bruton, Rad; Collier, Dem ; Cor bitt, Rad ; Fain, Dem ; Graham, Dem ; Griffin (-Ist), Rad ; Hinton, Dem; Jor don, Rad; Lester, Dem; McCutchen, Dem; M core, Dem; Nesbitt, Dem; Smith (7th), Had; Wellborn, Dem; Winn, Dom—l 7. The President voted yea Yeas—Radicals 12, Democrats 5; Mr. President, Rad—lß. Nays--Radicals 6, Democrats 11—17. The IVth Amendment. The Legislature of Georgia, it is hoped, lias acted finally on the amendment which Congress has dictated to the States of the Union to be adopted by them. It may finally bo reconsidered, hut we hardly think that it will. Conley, the President of the Senate, “the head and front” of Radical ism in that august body, defeated it by his vote, and we presumo that the question as to its passage is now finally settled so far as this Legislature and this State are con cerned. Tho Radicals do not want it adopted. Driven to the direst straits, they stop at nothing that will place Georgia back under military rule, or at least in the hands of a Provisional Government, whose chief operator will bo Bullock, “the Corn luander-in-Chii l of the Army and Navy of Georgia and the Militia thereof.” Henoe they assist in the defeat of this amendment in the hope that it will cause the reconstruc tion of the Siateupon a Radical basis. But they will be disappointed. The trick is too shallow—too transparent; it can be seen through too plainly, aud will not work to advantage. In short, we believe that the Radical leaders have over-reached them selves, and lost their balance. The capi talists of the North aud the people of the whole country are sick and tired of politi cal agitation, and will not permit a few dis appointed and turbulent spirits to disturb the peace longer. We believe that the defeat of the Amendment will have no effect upon Con gress in regard to any further action iu re eonstruoting the State ; but will, on tie contrary, be unheeded and ineffective in the present aud future policy of the Gov ernment. Fatal Epidemic. We learn from a gentleman who lives near the village, that a fatal epidemic is now prevailing in Sandersville, and which has, so far, baffled the skill of the medical fraternity there. From Sunday morning to Tuesday evening, we learn that there were seven deaths in the village, all children The doctors say that the disease is an inflam mation of the membrane covering the brain, the symptoms resembling very much those observed in congestive chills. The attack usually begins with a feeling of dull pain or numbness in the arms and lower limbs, and in a few hours the disease runs its course. In nearly every ease death has ensued rapidly. In one cast, reported to us, two little girls, aged 9 and 12 years old, daughters of our esteemed friend I)r. Brautly, spent Tuesday morn ing at school, returned to dinner apparent ly well, and immediately after dining were taken suddenly, and died before night. Dr. B. is a leading physician himself, a man of great skill in his profession, and all was done for the little sufferers that human skill could devise. On the same day a colored boy was taken and died quite as suddenly. On the day before two sons of the late R. Kelley were seized and died as suddenly, and also a child of Mark New nan. Esq. Verily our Sandersville friends are grievously afflicted. W« tender to the parents who have lost their dear little ones our siDcerest sympathy, and trust that the disease may be stayed without farther loss of life. Millinery and Fancy Goods-Spring Styles.—The attention df the ladies is in vited to the advertisement of Mrs. M. Tweedy, which appears this morning. Mrs. Tweedy has an elegant assortment of millinery and fancy goods, embracing all the latest and most fashionable Spring styles. The Policy. It is important to the interests of every people, as well as of individuals, that ag- j riculture should be fostered and encour- ' aged. Politics may he very good in their way, but a surfeit of them is rather dan gerous and hurtfuL We can take too! much of them; but wc cannot take too 1 much agriculture. We can't make too 1 much to eat and to wear. For food acu j clothing we .shall always find purchasers and consumers. Hence, it were well to let ; politics alone, when they can do us do good, j and devote ourselves to industrial pursuits, j which aau always do us good, This is par ticularly the case now with the South. W e have settled our political status and affairs, | as far as we are able to do at present; and j ! the less we have to do with them the t j better. Let us, therefore, turn to the i cultivation of crops, the production oi I bread, and the development of our re- i i sources generally. In these pursuits there is enough to employ our people constant ■|y and profitably. Cotton to clothe, bread to feed, must and will find patronage, if not at home, at least abroad; and the surplus, alter feeding our own .people, can very profitably be sold abroad. Wc believe that our people are beginning to awake to the importance of this subject, i and to see the necessity of laborin the right direction ; and will, we hope, persist in the good work. If wc must have a policy this is It, and all should be actuated by it. The planter, the farmer, the market | gardener, and all the various branches or' industry should unite in its adoption and : furtherance ; and our section wiil soon be abundantly blessed with prosperity and wealth. Brutein Falmen. The Express Agent issues an order which we find printed in the Atlanta paper, instructing the Treasurer of the State not to pay members of the House their per diem, or mileage, as he “is informed by the Speaker of the House that there is much confusion in that body, owing to the voluntary absence of members.” The poor Agent is silly enough to be lieve that he can control the Treasury of the State—indeed it would seem that since his abstracting the sum of thirty-five tl’ousand doilars from the Treasury with out warrant or authority, he believes that he is the owner of the State —that he carries it and all its interests in his breeches pockets. How the members of the House must j have laughed at the insane ravings of the | Agent. • Book Notices. Godey’s Lady’s Book. —This long es tablished favorite with the ladies shows no falling off iu matter or appearance in the last (April) number. Besides a handsome steel engraving frontispiece and numerous colored and plain illustrations of costumes, it contains “Charybdis,” the commence ment of anew novel by the popular au thoress, Marion Harland; “The Brown Stone House ;” “To the Girls;” “Under the Shadow of tbe Pyramids;” “Ihe Rendezvous ;” “Godey’s Course of Les sons in Drawing “Mrs. Leigh ;” “An April Fool Work Department, poetry, etc.' Goiley's Lady's Book is for sale at Quinn’s Book and News Depot, 198 Broad street. Dkmobest’s Illustrated Monthly.— We have received the April number of this standard fashion and literary magazine. With an unusually large number of fash ion engravings and patterns, it contains the following attractive reading matter : Anew poem, by Alice Cary ; How firm a Foundation ;” “The Marriages of Paris “Respectfully Declined ;” “II Cordara ; bulletin of fashions—Spring and Summer; literary and art gossip; poetry ; facetim, etc. Dcmorest's Illustrated Magazine is for | sale at Quinn’s Book and News Depot, | 198 Broad street. i The American Odd Fellow (the offi i dial organ of the order) for March is ! • • v, mi. i\, rr._:—, an intensely interesting serial story; The j Marriage Vow; An Odd Fellow Abroad; : Truth; History of Odd Fellowship, em bodying a valuable dissertation on the secret societies of antiquity; A hair-breadth Escape; Among the “Bulls and Bears,” a startling revelation of the speculative mania on Wall street; Portrait, and Biography of tho late Gr. Sec’y Curtis; Waifs from the West; Scientific and Curious Facts; Ladies’ | Department; Facetiee; Poetry; Miscellany, <C-c., &c. Published by John W. Orr, 9G Nassau Street, New York. $2 per year. The Edinburgh Review. —The last number of this reprint of the ablest quar terly of the Old World has been received from the Publishers. The following is its table of contents; “Spain under Charles the Second;” “Lord Kingdown’s Recollec tions of the Bar;” “Caesarian Rome;” “Trench’s Realities ot Irish Life;’’ “The Legend ofTell and Rutli;” “Government Telegraphs;” “Dean Milman’s Annals of St. Paul;” “Hunter’s Annals of Rural Bengal;” “General Ulysses Simpson Grant;” “Mr. Bright’s Speeches.” The Edinburgh Review is published by the Leonard Scott- Publishing Company, No. 140 Fulton street, New Y’ork; sub-- scription $4 per aimum in advance. Reconstruction. A portion of the Judiciary Committee of Uk) henate favor the project of creating a provisional government in Georgia, us the best means of getting rid of the present embarrassments.— New York Tribune. How the course suggested by a po. tion of the Senate Judiciary Committee is to relieve either Congress or the people of this State from the present embarrass ments does not appear. The attempt to reconstruct reconstruction in this State must, in the very nature of things, in crease the present embarrassments, and, as we verily believe, will lead to disorders of every kind, including breaches of the peace, and very possibly bloodshed. The bitterness of feeling which was ex oited by the original enforcement of the Reconstruction Acts has very materially subsided. Our people, with singular com posure, have accepted the situation, and have set themselves resolutely to work to repair the breaches made in their political and social systems, and to rebuild their shattered fortunes. Throughout the State there seems to be a general determination on the part of the people to eschew, for a time at least, politics, and to devote their whole energies to the development of our • material resources. Negro suffrage and negro equality are lost sight of, to a very considerable extent, in the herculean efforts which are being made to grow a large crop of cotton. The price which this staple is now bringing has stimulated the people to devote all their time, talents and energies to promote its growth. In the anxiety to make cotton polities are almost forgotten. The wrongs of reconstruction are almost wiped from memory by 25 oents cotton, and everybody is hard at work trying to get out of deb: and accumulate fortunes. This will be all changed if our State or ganization shail be destroyed. The people will once more rush into active politics —labor will become impertinent, aggres sive and worthless- Justice will be ad ministered in accordance with partisan views—insecurity of person and property .vili take the place of the present contented andjust conditionjof affairs—and the whole State will be rocked from centre to circum ferenee in the throes of distrust, discontent and anarchy. We cannot bring oUr mind to the belief ! that Congress will take this tearful leap. While it may be true, as stated by the i Tribune, that a portion of the Senate Ju diciary Committee may favor such a eourse, the telegraph informed us jester- 1 day that the House Reconstruction Com- j mittee were equally divided. We indulge a very strong hope that moderate counsels ; will yet prevail—that our status aJ a State : will be fully recognized, and that our rep J resentatives, when properly elected, will be admitted to seats in the Federal Congress. An exchange says: “A set of dirty dogs from Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and other parts of the North, have gone down into Georgia, and are petition iug Congress as “Union men of Georgia. Before they left the North they were next : door to paupers—many of them were the meanest sort of political vermin.” The Legislature has Adjourned! The Legislature has at last done one thing that the whole people of the State j will approve — they have adjourned! There ! is no use in our attempting to disguise the 1 tact, we breath freer. As long as these fellows remained in Atlanta there was genera! apprehension in the public mind that some further wrongs would be done the State. No one could tell to what lengths they would not go, and none could imagine any barriers, legal or constitutional, sufficiently strong to prevent them from enacting laws in the interests of cabals and rings, and against the interests of the tax payers. We shall not attempt now a recapitula tion of their short-com : ngs or of’their mis deeds. At another time we propose to do so somewhat in detail. Enough is already known, however, to render it quite certain that it will cost the people of the State ' long years of heavy taxation to meet the ex travagant drafts made upon them in the various appropriation, bounty and other bills for expenditures passed during the late ! session. We, in common with the good people of tho State, rejoice that two of the very worst bills before this body were defeated : One by the pluc; and courage of the gal lant young Flournoy, member of the House from Washington, and the other by the casting vote of the former Ben. Conley, President (so-called) of the Senate. The Fine Regions of Georgia ana South Carolina. The intelligent and persistent enterprise of a few accomplished Carolinians has brought, through the medium of the press, the excelling characteristics of that p'ateau of the pine region, of which Aiken is the centre, and the adaptability at small cost, of its soil, to profitable fruit culture. The efforts of these gentlemen are being fully rewarded. Aiken has become a prosperous village, and its locality is held in repute by Northern travellers and inyalids, just as the South of France and Europe is esteemed in Europe. This success of our Carolina neighbors ha3 stimulated a broader inquiry as to the characteristics of our pine regions; and the developement of the marl aud phos phate beds upon tbe Southern seacoasthas led to a closer examination and a juster esti mate of the capabilities of this region and the adaptability of its soil; and has provoked comparisons with similar loca tions. The advantages at Aiken, it is affirmed, certainly do not surpass, if they equal, such old and settled points as Sum merville, Bath, Thompson, Berzelia, Bell- Air and others, selected out of this area, long since, when choice was free from all embarrassment to natives and early settlers. Why, then, should Aiken be preferred? The answer is to be found in a superior enterprise which has looked abroad as well as at home. To meet these relative merits of localities, our towns man Dr. S. E. Habersham, un dertook to collate the records and statistics of scienec and experience. During the pro gress of these labors, he has been led to ex tend his efforts,and now has a treatise near ly ready for the press upon the climatology, geology, botany, manufacturing resources, <£c., of the pine region of South Carolina and Georgia. At the outset, the author has been guided chiefly iu investigating the peculiar character of climate, which makes the region so peculiarly desirable for travel lers and invalids of the more northern lati tudes of the American continent; but nevertheless, has, by patient research and collaboration, gathered together an amount of knowledge, which will be invaluable to our own people. Through his kindness we avail ourselves of a perusal of a portion of his manuscript. Tbe pine region of this district has been long known and appreciated as a Summer climate. Heretofore its chief value lay in its magnificent forests of yellow pine, or at certain localities, as a healthful Sum ; tner resort. The meteorological records at I the United States Arsenal for twenty | years, a point ascertained by the United j States coast survey to be a few foe f the plateau at Aiken, establishes some facts pertaining to the climatology of the region not generally known. A siiifmary of these observations show that the mean average temperature of the year to bs 64° Farenhcit, and the mean temperature of the seasons to be respectively as follows; Spring 65°;3, Summer 79°;9, Autumn 63°:5, and Winter 47°:9. The same records show the mean annual precipitation of rain to be 37.17 inches, in Spring 10 6 inches, Summer 14.14 inches, Autumn 6 95 and Winter 5.92 inches. The mean num ber of fair (lays per year are recorded as •being 23.8; cloudy days 127; rainy days 70, with snow about two days in three years. The general direction of the winds is given for the four seasons as follows; Spring N. W. and S. W., Summer South and West varying to South, Autumn N. N. W. and S. S. W., Winter S. S. W., West and N. W. These data indicate a climate superi or to that of Paris, in the South oi France. The greatest amount of rain falls just when it is needed. Our Winter, shown to be airy and balmy from the prevailing southernly winds. A marked feature is the general freedom from raw, chillfog easterly winds. Comparing these ther mal data with the isothermal lines pro- jeeted by Humboldt, it places our Winter on the Isothermal line of Spain and North Italy, and our Summers with that of Sicily and Mediteranean Europe. In the preparation of his work the au thor has collated results of the scientific explorations of Professors Tuomey, Back i man, Le Conte, Jones, Cotting, and other scientificgentlemen, with a view to the diffusion of knowledge respecting this region, and the topics of which he treats, not more as reliable aid to the emigrant than for the benefit of our citi . zens in placing within their reach accurate information respecting the resources of our section, and thereby contribute to their j successful development. As the oppor | tuuity offers it will give us pleasure to | recur to other portions of this work for the i benefit of our readers. An Impeacber Slaughtered. General Grant in reply to an application ! torthe appointment of J. M. Ashley (of impeachment notoriety), hius declared his intention to make all appointments for the ; several territories from actual residents, in preference to those who reside in the States. This refusal to give Ashley a place will cause the Ohio Radicals some chagrin. He had the endorsement of the entire Radical Delegation, and was also present ed somewhat in the character of a martyr to Radical principles, haying been beaten for Congress in his District last Fall. As General Grant is said to be violently opposed to all official thieving, who knows but that he refused to appoint the Rever en i Ashley on account of his alleged com plicity with certain thieving rings during his seat in Congress. The Loll Army of Office Seekers. The erv is still they come! Last night’s train brought 13 car ioads of hungry men after office from the East. To-night's train was but a repetition of last night. Where all these people find places to sleep is a mystery. New York is well represented. It would seem that every Republican poll- 1 tieiau of the State is here looking for office. -V etc York Tribune. Twenty-six car loads of hungry office j seekers on two trains alone. When we re- ; fleet that from six to ten trains enter ] Washington daily from the East we can j well imagine the whole number of party ' mendicants which are now besieging the j White House. The President must have j a merry time with his new friends. Greeley seems to be most concerned for i the sleeping accommodations of those hun- I gry Patriots. We hope that an appropriate committee will be appointed by Congress tobok after these patriotic and toil seekers of Government pap, and that an appro priation be made to secure them “places to sleep’’ while waiting for the loaves and j fishes. An Italian Opera Coming.—Wc are ! requested 'to 'announce that Signor Brig- | noli, the greatest living tenor singer, will j be in this city on the 19th of April, with a company of first-class Italian opera per formers, and give two entertainments. We will discuss his merits more fully at some future occasion. Georgia-General Grant. A special dispatch from Washington to ; ( the Louisville Courier Journal states that j 1 “the President stands firm in the position he took a month ago on the Georgia ques tion. He repeated his words yesterday in , a conversation with a friend, that he did not see how Congress could exclude the Georgia Representatives without going back on the reconstruction laws.” If General Grant will only “stick'' to this opinion and use his influence and pow er to enforce it there will be no further trouble in this State. As soon as Congress and the Federal uovernment recognize Georgia as a State of the Union and yield to her all her rights as such, just so soon will peace, order and concord reign through out our borders. Our people are sick and tired of this incessant and apparently in terminable discussion and excitement about reconstruction. They believe—and it seems that General Grant agrees with them— that they have fully complied with ail the requirements of the series of bills known as the Reconstruction laws, and they claim that they are now entitled ?o all advantages which they were induced to believe would flow from that compliance. With General Grant, we again say, “Let us have Peace.” The Georgia BUI In the Senate. The first section of the amended bill to enforce the Fourteenth Constitutional Amendment in Georgia, reported from tbe Judiciary Committee by Mr. Trumbull, repeals so much of the'act of June 25,1868, as relates to Georgia. Section 2 revives military government in Georgia. Sec tion 3 continues the government of the State as provisional and declares null and void the expulsion of African members of the Legislature aud restores them to their seats—persons admitted to their places to vacate the same, and prohibits any person disqualified under the Fourteenth Amend ment from holding office in said Legisla ture. Section 4 makes it the duty of the President to station such part of the land and naval forces of the United States in said State as shall be sufficient to carry the act into full execution, aud all officers in command of such forces shall, on demand of the acting Governor, render military aid and assistance in the administration of the government and protection to life and property and administration of justice. We do not think this bill can pass the Senate. Its fate in tho House will be less doubtful. Our main hope is, that .Con gress will adjourn before taking final action on the question. The Senate have already determined to adjourn on Friday next, and the indications now are, that the House will agree on that day. If. however, the bill should pass during the present session, and General Grant’s word is worth anything, he will be com pelled to veto it. This, however, we fear will be a weak dependence. The Cotton Tax. Do our planting friends know that tho tax on cotton has not been repealed ? Are they making their calculations on a basis which allows two and a half cents per pound for the Government? The law levying the tax was not repealed—the crop of 1868 was specially exempted from its operation. If there be no further legis lation on the question, the tax will be collected on tho present crop. Would it not be well for our Boards of Trade in the cotton States to make appli cation to Congress for a repeal, or at least a further suspension, of the law. Public meetings of the planters might also be held, and memorials gotten up for the same purpose. (communicated.) The South Carolina Railroad Company and the Columbia & Augusta Railroad Company. " As the questions at is-sue between the South Carolina Railroad Company and the Columbia & Augusta Railroad Com pany have been very generally misunder stood, the South Carolina Railroad Com pany, with a view to the full and proper presentation of both sides of tho contro versy, retained a skillful stenographer to attend the session of the Supreme Court in Columbia, at the argument of the pro tiKiMnn rusp in which ail tho issues be tween tho two companies were, by the na ture of the proeeeeding, brought up for tho decision of the court. The arguments of the coutiscl for the South Carolina Railroad Company, and those of the coun sel of the Columbia & Augusta Railroad Company, are alike presented to our read ers in the supplement we issue to day. Without entering into any commentary upon the merits of the many questions raised in the argument, two points appear to us worthy of consideration : Ist. That the South Carolina Railroad Company do not contest tho right of the Columbia & Augusta Raiiroad Company to construct their road, but simply their right to construct it upon the laud of the South Carolina Railroad Company. 2d. That the question of right between the two companies has never received ju dicial determination. That the Columbia and Augusta Rail road Company have appropriated to their use lands which belong to the South Caro lina Railroad Company is undoubted, for it is not denied. Their right to do so is the main issue, and upon that the courts have hitherto been curiously silent. So far as the companies themselves are con cerned the matters at issue between them may be safely left to the guidance of the counsel “learned in the law” who repre sent the respective companies. But out side of these companies and their interests, the question is of grave importance to the community at large. Can a corporation take land, build upon and enjoy it without any legislative grantor any judicial decision authorizing the appropriation ? It would be a reproach to the jurispru dence of any civilized country if the rights of property rested upon a tenure so inse cure. In whose favor the right may ulti mately be determined, the community are not perhaps very deeply interested ; but that the right should be determined, that the principle should be fully and firmly I established that the citizen cannot be de- I prived of bis property except by due process ; of law. is of the highest importance, and in that view we call attention to the present controversy, in which, as the papers show, the South Carolina Railroad Company has been deprived of its property, and is now despoiled of it, without any competent ! legal authority having decided that the Columbia and Augusta Railroad Company i had the right to take it. A reference to the arguments will show that all the questions have been most keenly and zealously discussed. It is due, however, to the South Carolina Railroad ; Company to say that they endeavored to j avoid the protracted litigation by rhe | proposition to refer all the matter in dis pute to a board of arbitration, eomrosed of j three members from each road. Had this ' proposition been accepted and carried out in good faith by the Columbia & Augusta ; Railroad, this lengthy and expensive liti ' gation might have been avoided. It is j not too late, we trust, for wiser counsels to influence the Columbia & Augusta Rail | road Company, and prompt a speedy and | equitable adjustment of the dispute. i How the Acquittal of Pollard’s Murder er was Received In Court. From the Richmond Dispatch. The suspense grew almost tedi t ous as the jurors slowly tiook their seats, and their names seemed doubled in | length as the clerk called them over. 1 Every voice was hushed, every ear was i picked ready to hear the result, and every eye turned eagerly toward the foreman” The prisoner’s demeanor remained un changed, save for a slight tinge of anxiety which seemed to overspread his counte nance, which grew a shade paler, made in appearance more so by contrast with the dark shadows underneath the eyes. The jury bring called, the clerk, asked, “What say yon, gentlemen of the jury—guilty or not guilty?” To which the foreman, Mr. C. C. Berry, of Alexandria, replied, “Not guilty.” Upon this tr-ere was a manifestation of j applause among the spectators by way of ! the clapping of hands and the sta'mping of feet. No cheer was heard. This was of I but a moment’s duration however; for the Deputy, who seemed ready for it, 1 promptly checked any such demonstration. The jury was then discharged, and the 1 Sergeant made a proclamation that any 1 one who had anything further to enter against James Grant to show why he should not be discharged, he should come forward and make the same known. No one making any reply, James Grant was declared acquitted of the murder, and the court was adjourned. The rush of friends toward Mr. Grant to extend their congratulations was so great that it was many moments before he could 1 leave the vourt room. He subsequently did so, and quietly retired to his residence. Neither Mr. E. A. Pollard nor his brother, the Doctor, were present when the veidict was announced. The report of the military operations in Arizona for 1868, just published, show 81 Indians killed, 51 wounded, and 23 cap- j tured. The reports indicate that the war was carried on vigorously, but that the j number of troops was so small that the re sults are unsatisfactory. Constant appeals by the people and press of Arizona are ; made for more troops. 01R WAHHDiGTO.Y CORRESPO.YDEYCE. fci'iCiAi. coHuztroyDxarcE cmokiom a sentinel. Washington, March 14. President Grant has always asserted a ! thorough indifference to the requirements of party, and, in effect, has stated, on several occasions, his intention of so con ducting his administration as not to favor party men or ideas in the least particular. There is no doubt that when his first Cabinet was appointed it was made under the influence of this intention of the Pres ident; but he soon found it did not “take” with Congress, and reconstructed it,hoping to suit the Senate, though he has only partially done so by placing Boutwell in the Treasury. Cresswell, some of the Radicals say, would be on the strongest side, and is not an original, trusted Radi cal. Hoar, though Radical enough, is not needed, as there is no necessity for “vitalizing” the party in Massachusetts. Borie shows no disposition to do any thing beyond performing his official duties without an eye to politics. Cox is too con servative for the ultras, and Fish, they say, is not so much entitled to the State De partment as either Sumner or Banks. Massachusetts thinks she ought to have had the State Department and would have put up with some other Radical than Bout well in the Treasury. The slaughter of officials has not fairly commenced ; but the axe will begin to descend to-morrow. There are “marked” ones all over tbe country and the subordinate officials here are not free from the attack. The rush for office is so great that Republicans are as likely to he discharged from the Government employ, to make room for the hungry outsiders as Democrats, and that fact has originated already a row in the Radical camp, for the inside Radicals have strong friends as well as the outsiders, and they fight just as hard to have them re tained. One case in particular excites general attention in political circles here. That is the displacement of the ultra-Radi cal Second Assistant Postmaster General, Mr. McLella. He was second to no man in the country in his Radicalism, and his friends in Congress insist that he shall not be removed. They can prevent it if they will by refusing to confirm his successor, and then commences the tug of war be- tween Grant and the party which elected him. The ultras insist that the adminis tration be conducted with reference to po litical affairs, as well with regard to official appointments as with regard to the measure of Reconstruction, etc., which have been agitating the country for the past four years. Grant has said that he will be national and not sectional or politi cal, in the common acceptance of the word, in ruling his office, and the interesting point is to see who will first give in, the President or the ultra members of the Republican party. The President has uttered no specific policy as yet in any National matter. The few sentences of his inaugural address are all that the country has from which to judge of what he intends recommending with reference to the States which have not been admitted to their places in the Union, or on finance, or with regard to foreign affairs, the judiciary, etc. There will he no message until the commence ment of the next session, judging from present indications. There is one thing deserving of atten tion, and that is the importance of the President receiving from intelligent rep resentative men of the Southern States a properintimation by personal interview of the condition of affairs in these States and the dispositions of the citizens. Delega tions from various parts have interviews with him daily. For the most part they are carpet-baggers and scalawags—when they come from the Southefn States it is invariably so—officerseekers and askers for official power. It would be refreshing, no doubt, if a committee of the representa tive men, the statesmen, jurists and pri vate citizens of intelligence and worth should make their appearance at the White House, and represent to the Presi dent, their views of matters and things in their respective sections. They would receive courteous attention from the Presi dent, and would contrast formidably with the “loyal” Texans, Alabamians, Mis sissippians ani Georgians (the latter ac companied by Foster Blodgett as spokes man), who hive called and had interviews lately, merely “to pay their respects.” Os course there vas’nt the slightest idea of the spoils affecting their visits. J. C. The Heralds Washington correspond ent says it was the treasury ring and not the iaw of 1759 that ruled out Stewart. That law, tie correspondent says, has been a dead letter on the books for years. It provides that the Secretary of the Treasury shall n«t purchase public lands or public securities, and yet the official records show that Secretary McCulloch, since he took the office purchased 7,010 acres of public lands. Tkc correspondent insists that were it not for the weakness of some of the President’s friends, who quailed be fore thd clamor of the Treasury ring against the appointment of Mr. Stewart, two thirds of Congress would have willing ly voted for tae repeal of the law, which has become obsolete and useless. Methuseiaii Drowned in the Flood. —We make the following extract from an article contributed to th& Louisville Demo crat : All we know of the origin of the earth and of our race we learn from Revelations. The chronology used by the civilized world is founded on the data furnished us in the Bible. We reckon the date of the flood from the dues found in the 6th chapter of Genesis. We learn from this chapter that Adam live!, before his son Seth was born, 130 years; Seth lived, before his son Enos was born, 105 years ; Enos lived, before his son Caioau was born, 90 years ; Cainan lived, before his sou Mahalahul was burn, 70 years ; Mahalalul lived, before his son Jared was born, 65 years; Jared lived, before his son Enoch was born, 162 years ; Enoch lived, before his son Methuselah (687) was born, 95 years; Methuselah lived, before his son Larneth was born, 187 years ; Laniech lived, before his son Noah was born, 182 years. Noah,'hence, was born Anno Mundi 1056. In Genesis, 7th chapter, 6th verse, wc are informed that Noah was 600 years old when cne flood of water was upon the earth. Add 600 years (his age) to 1056, the date of his birth, and we have 1656, the date of the flood. We learn from the 27th verse, sth chapter of Genesis, that “all the days of Methuselah were 969 years and he died.” By reference to the fore going table, it will be seen that Methuse lah was bom Anno Mundi 687; add his age (969) to 687, the date of his birth and we have 165.6, the time “when the flood of waters was upon the earth.” The cod elusion is as certain as figures, that the oldest man was drowned for his wicked ness. A Card from Senator Hill of Georgia. lo the Editor of the Tribune : Sir ; In your paper of Saturday last, in referring to tho action of the Georgia Legislature on the adoption of the Fifteenth Constitutional Amendment, you make what I consider ah ungenerous al lusion to myself. You describe irie as “hanging by the eyelids before the doors of the Senate at Washington,” &c. If you mean by this expression that I vex the Senate as a body with my presence, or as individuals by my calls or my letters, endeavoring to procure admission as a Senator, it is an unwarranted aspersion. I have not spent an hour in all with the Senate or Senators since the recess in December, and but little time before that. I did, about the Ist of December, call on Senator Sherman, to request him to pre sent my credentials to the Senate. And although invited by several Senators to visit them, and lully appreciating the civility, I have thought it more dignified and independent not to do so. They will not charge me with obsequiousness. I think I understand what is due to my own self-respect. It will be time enough for you to instruct me in manners when Senators shall complain of my importuni ties. As for my “telegraphing solemnly,” or in any other vein, what consequences were likely to ensue to my colleague and myself —by the refusal of the Legislature to adopt the Amendment—and what Congress would do with Georgia, and how soon it would act, I will merely say : I have not ventured to predict the action of Congress tn regard to Georgia or anything else. I have my opinion as to the proper course to be pursued by Congress to secure the best interests of both Government and people, but, while the present circumstances exist, I cannot expect it to influence others, and therefore do not urge it. Respectfully, yours, Joshua Hill. Washington, D. C., March 15, 1869. On the 26th ult, an unfortunate quarrel occurred between Messrs. Watts and War ner, of Eutaw, Alabama, in the course of which Watts threw a brickbat at Warner, missing him, but striking Mr. D. B. Palm er, the keeper of the hotel at which the af fray took place, on the forehead and break ing his skull. At first the injury was nut considered dangerous, but a reaction took place on the Ist inst., when he died. Polywives.—The Salt Lake Telegraph, in defending the peculiar institution of Mormonism, remarks: “The fact is polyg amy has existed about as long as human nature has, and still only a small part of mankind arc really and truly monogamists, for most of those who are not polywived are polywomened.” Those who are not either, it is to be presumed, are pollywogs, or, as they would say down South, scally wags.— .V Y. Herald, AGRICULTURAL. Contributions on practical farming are solicited from our friends throughout the country. Take Care of Woodlands! Few farmers in this latitude appre ciate their woodlands at their just value. Neither the influence of our forest upon climate, nor the real value of their pro ducts, which are being daily augmented in the markets of the country, by reason of daily diminishing supply, and an annual increase in consumption to meet the wants of a population redoubling itself with marvellous rapidity, both by repro duction and by emigration, are elements of value which rarely enter into their calcula tion and never receive due weight and con sideration. In the early history of the State im mediate, inexorable want dictated the spoliation and destruction of forest growth, to obtain cleared land for cultivation, permitting neither de lay nor discrimination. Abundance and luxuriance reigned and furnished a justifi cation. This necessity of the pioneer has been accepted as sound policy and true economy, and universally practiced under all the circumstances of advanced civiliza tion and growing density of population. The law of the wilderness has been per petuated as a maxim of modern agriculture, not from an imperative want but from an undue estimate of temporary gain; and en forced without foresight or sagacity. To-day the universal rule is that forest lands are inferior in value to cleared lands and must invariably yield to a prospective gain in an extended area for field crops W here, from location by reason of proximi ty to a populous town or accessibility to cheap transportation by river or rail, the products of the forest can be made in mar ket as timber, lumber or fuel the forest is mowed as with a sickle, without the slightest regard for the nature or character of the soil, without the slightest considera tion of climatic inlluenee, and with neither judgment nor forecast as to the true econ omy of perpetuating or restoring their val ues under the laws of nature, by annual growth. Where distance or costliness of trans portation does not remunerate, the same rule prevails,and leads to *he indiscriminate sacrifice of splendid forests, magnificent in proportions, the growth of ages, to the girdling axe and all consuming fire. We need go no further than our own doors to illustrate the folly ol such views and the penalties which follow upon their practical enforcement. Middle Georgia is, by Nature, unsurpassed by any equal area of the habitable Nature uever created a country for man more worthy of being preserved in its use. "it abounds in bubbling springs and sparkling streams of the purest water. The remnants of its virgin forests attest its virgin fertil ity. The peach, the fig, the grape, and the apple, and the rose (the queen of flowers), and the Magnolia Grandiflora define the boundaries of its horticultural riches ; and cotton, wheat and corn, its agricultural wealth. ’ The inscriptions upon the headstones of every country church yard furnish the simple, but incontestible proof of the salu brity of its climate in the longevity of its first occupants and their descendants. And, yet, it has been marred and scarred, and despoiled in the short space of half a century, so that large tracts are now stig matized as “The Old, lied Hills of Georgia,” presenting the condemnation and reproach of the past, and interposing a hindrance and delay and a costly tax upon preseift efforts, for recuperation. Reserving for future consideration the influence of forest lands upon climate, the proportions which scientific observation has istablisbed as essential to the maintenance of fertility to the soil in the economy of nature, as modifying rain, the effects of wind currents and the extremes of heat and cold, we desire at present to enter a protest against the past and prevailing present policy, by offering the single consid eration nf the prospective scarcity with an increased and increasing facilities for transportation in railway development, and the'incrcased wants from increasing density in population, for the products of the for est, whether as fuel or as lumber. Our limits do not permit us to elaborate. We submit, therefore, as of the highest authori ty touching the visible supply, and the present and prospective wants for the present population of the United States, the following extracts from the last annual report of the Commissioner of the Gener al Land G bice: “The area of the United States East of the Mississippi may be stated, in round numbers, at 550,000,000 acres, of which, in 1860, there were included in farms as improved land, 142,043,376, and as unim proved, 174,098,762 acres, or a total acre age in farms of 316,142,139 acres. The number of acres included in farms in 1868 East of the Mississippi will not vary much from 320,000,000, of which 170,000,000 may be estimated as improved land, and 150,000,000 as unimproved; leaving as a residue of lands not improved in farms, of 235,000,000 acres; composed (1) of United States Lands in Michigan, Wisconsin, Mis sissippi, Alabama and Florida, amounting to 45,000,000 acres; (2) of swamps and overflowed lands, granted to the States under acts of Congress and not yet reclaimed; (3) waste and worn out lands in some of the Southern States; (4) and the sterile ridges of the Appalachian mountains from Maine to Georgia and Alabama. The amount of swamp land yet unreclaimed in the States East of the Mississippi, including the ex tensive marshes of Southern Florida, em braces a considerable area, and is, compar atively, not valuable as timber land; and when it is considered that the highest peaks of the mountains named contain but stunt ed and scanty growth, it will at onoe ap pear that of the 225,000,000 acres not in cluded in farms, not more than one-fourth, or about 60,000,000 acres, can be properly classed as timber lands. Os the 150,000,- 000 acres unimproved, included in farms, much the greater portion may be assigned as covered with timber, some of it valuable ' for timber and other portions only for fuel. But a certain portion must be deducted for prairie, and for other descriptions of unimproved property, included in farms, such as waste and marsh. It will not be too much to deduct one-fifth of the whole, or about 30,000,000 acres; leaving as tim ber East of the Mississippi, about 180,000,- 000 acres available for fuel and lumber. It is true there are, perhaps, in the older States small “wood lots” enclosed and classed as lands improved in farms, but the aggregate thus enclosed issmall,rarely even sufficient to meet the wants of the proprie tors, and Dot available for general market purposes. The above estimate would give about 32 per cent, of the whole area East of the Mississippi as forests. Much of it has, however, already been picked over, and all the reaily valuabb trees taken off; other large portions never contained first class qualities of timber, and, in still other portions, the trees are dying out from injury by fire through the careless habits too prevalent amongst us, from the browsing of animals and from change of climate, rendering it less humid now than when the forests were untouch ed. When these circumstances are taken into consideration it will not be difficult to realize that the good timber lands in the portion of the United States to which our attention has been directed are, in fact, limited, and that it is a tolerable high esti mate to set them down at 100,000,000 acres. The sawed and planed timber in the States East of the Mississippi in 1860 amounted to $78,000,000, representing, at the ruling price of lumber at that time, 450,000,000 cubic feet The sawed and unplaned lumber used for fencing houses, barns and bridges must have amounted to a still greater quantity, and it will not be too large an estimate to set down the quantity of wood consumed by the multitude of mills in those States in the manufacture of all kinds of timber at 1,500,000,000 of cubic feet; and, when to this is added the quan tities otherwise prepared, such as hewed timber, staves, hoop-poles, Ac.—except ing cord-wood —the quantity will not fall far short of 2,000,000,000 cubic feet. If each family in the United States uses j but four cords of wood annually it will equal an aggregate of 4,000,000,000 of cubic feet for the pop llatio/i cast of the Mississippi, showing a working up into fuel and all kinds of lumber and wood material of at least 6,000,000,- 000 of cubic feet. Taking the main tracts throughout the eastern portion of the country, good and bad, and they will not average more than 6,000 solid feet to the acre : heDce 1,000,000 of acres must be cleared every year to furnish the wood i required in all branches of manufacture, ; carpentry, fuel, fencing and railroad ties. | But beside what is annually consumed for the above named purposes, vast forests are destroyed in sections remote from trans portation facilities, when timber is dispro portionately abundant, by girdling trees. In 1860 the amount of improved lands in farms, in the region under consideration, was, as already stated, 142.043,377 acres, and in 1868, by estimates based on the increase from 1850 to 1860 with deduc tions on account of the civil war, i 170,471,921 acres, showing an in- j crease of 28,428,521; three-sevenths of which may be supposed to be prairie and four sevenths woodland. This gives an annual clearing of 2,000,000 acres of timber. When the immense quantises lost every year from the other causes here tofore mentioned are taken into the ac count, it may be realized that our forests are disappearing with alarming rapidity; and that while the demand for all descrip tions of timber is annually increasing, the districts furnishing the supplies are rapidly diminishing in number and extent, indicat ing but too clearly that even at the present rate of consumption, fifty years will not have passed away bclcre every forest will have disappeared from that portion of the United States lying East of the Mis sissippi. West of that river the prospect ts still more unfavorable from existing sup plies of woods. From the Missouri River, westward to the Rocky Mountains, from the Southern to the Northern boundary, the general characteristics of the couutry, is that of a treeless plain. Between the Rocky Mountain chain and the Sierra Ne vada, and Cascade ranges, extensive tracts exist destitute of trees, leaving a narrow belt between the last named ranges and the Pacific Ocean, of first class timber lands. Between the Eastern foot-hills of the Rocky and the crests of the Sierra Ne vada and Cascade Mountains arc many tracts containing a fair quantity of tim ber, but, considering the vast extent of the territory between the Missouri River and tho Pacific Ocean, and the unlim ited quantities of fuel and lumber required by mining enterprises growing up there, the supply is very inadequate to the demand. What makes the matter still worse, the public domain on the Pacific, in the States of California and Oregon and in the Territory of Washington is being denuded by trespassers, the lumber being sent to South America, China and Japan, and even to European countries, so that long before the population shall become even moderately numerous in the regions to which these forests should furnish the required supplies, spoliation will have brought about a destitution almost as great as exists east of the mountains ; and it may be said of the country west of the Mississippi, as of that on the east, that unless the forests now existing are better protected, and the system of plant ing new ones speedily commenced, scarcely a tree will be left at tho end of forty years, except in remote and inaccessi ble localities. “There is not perhaps an acre of wood land nowin the United States convenient to railroad or water transportation that, should oe permanently cleared.” The South and the Next Cotton Crop. The approach of the planting season in the South, and the policy to be pursued with regard to the next crop, are matters of more than local interest. In fact, tho whole community, North and South, everywhere connected with the cotton crop of 1869 is a subject of tho highest importance. Nor is this interest confined to our own count)} - . The cotton manu facturers and consumers of Europe aDd the eottOD producers in India, Egypt, and other places will find their industry se riously affected for good or ill by the pros pects and results of the qpming season. “King Cotton,” for a dethroned monarch, still exercises a decided and positive in fluence in the world ; and this influence seems to be increasing rather than dimin ishing. At no former period have the prospects of this staple elicited a deeper or more general concern. The action, therefore, of the South in reference to the new crop is of the first importance. No backward step should be taken, but the same intelligent course which has produced such remarkable re sults the past year should be continued the coming season. It has abundantly demonstrated the vitality of the South and the possibility of raising cotton more successfully by freed labor than by slave labor. All that is needed now is that the lessons of the past, three years be not lost, in order that the South may retain the vautage ground it has gained, and en ter upon anew career of social and indus trial development and prosperity. At the close of the civil war the single element of labor was about the only means remaining in the South of recovery from the industrial prostration iu which that section was left. But even this resource was sadly deficient. The freedmeu were badly demoralized, insubordinate and pre tentious; and, at the same time, the white population was exhausted, angry and jeal ous. All classes were utterly broken down in spirits, while there was no money or credit anywhere. Ln this extremity the planters turned to cotton as their only hope. Prices had been high, and it was thought that they would continue so, and on the basis of the then ruling rates contracts were entered into and plans made for the year. It is scarcely necessary to repeat the disasters of that and the succeeding seasons. The result of the policy pursued was, that, during the Winter of 1867, a cry of famine arose from the most fertile dis tricts of the world, and the little remnant the war had left appeared to have been lost Relief was sent, and the danger passed away, leaving a severe experience, which has resulted however in the greatest good to that section of our country, enabling them, in fact, to raise a crop of cotton at about ten cents per pound, and to sell it at more than twenty cents. Over two hundred and fifty millions of dollars will pass into the South from cotton alone this season, placing the planters in a posi tion of comparative independence. In tracing the causes of the success of 1868, as contrasted with the disasters of the preceding years, we find the clearest indications of what should be the policy of the South in the immediate future. Fail ure at first was not the result of deficient crops, but rather of the acts of the freed men and the planters themselves. Capi tal to be sure, was shy and distrustful, and could only be obtained with difficulty at high rates of interest or on extremely un favorable terms. Labor also was demoral ized. In very many cases the freedmen, having newly tasted the sweets of liberty, refused to work, or if they worked, it was with a great lack of energy and efficiency. They could not see the necessity for work, and it required the bitter hardships of the Winter of 1866-7 to bring them to their senses. The planters, too, needed a cer tain kind of experience. They had seen cotton at high prices for a long time, and had concluded it was to remain so. Con sequently they bid high for labor and put into the ground nothing but cotton. When, however, they began to market the staple, as prices had fallen to a decid ly lower level, it was found that it did not return them the cost of raising it. Corn and wheat they had neglected, and it was the bitter experience they then passed through as a consequence of this neglect which showed them its folly, and led them to a wiser course the past season. Thus suffering and an identity of interests brought all classes together as they never before had been, showing the f’reedman if he Would eat he must work, and the planter that be couid not depend upon exorbi tant figures, but must hire his labor so that he can raise his crop at a reasonable figure, and must give up a portion of his time and land to food products. If this crop of cotton had cost as much as the previous ones, or if the South had raised no food, they would have been compelled to force the staple upon the market to get themselves out ot debt or to provide the necessities of life, and very little benefit would have resulted to them fr in the im proved rates. On the contrary, the plant er is now clearing over ten cents per pound, and the South is making millions of dollars, placing them, as we have be fore stated, in a position of great strength for the new year. We have, then, in the experience of the past, an unmistakable indication of the coarse that should be pursued by the South, in order that the advantage she now pos sesses may be maintained. First, tbeo, it is of the highest importance that the plant er should not be led by present prices to contract with the freedmen at exorbitant rates. The crop must be raised economi- j cally and cheaply, for there is no wisdom j iu supposing that it can be marketed except ’ at a figure very much below present quota tions. It must be remembered that the prices now obtained aot as a premium for the cultivation of cotton throughout the whole world. Largely increased supplies are likely, under this stimulus,to be raised in India, Egypt, Brazil, and other places, and although the consumption is steadily increasing, a decided reduction in the rates must be the result of this eager competition in production. We notice that there is some rodispositiou among the freedmen to contract for last year’s wages. This is right where he is worth more; but for the planter to agree now to pay an exorbitant rate, just b n cause cotton at the moment is high, would be only to ensure for bath parties disappointment and loss—in fact to check the prosperity which the past year has began to develop through out the South. Then, again, it is of the greatest importance that as much wheat and corn aDd provisions be planted as was planted the past year. It is desirable that cotton should be the leading, but not the only production. A disregard of this idea was the error of the first years after tho war, and short breadst uff crops in Europe put up the prices of corn and wheat to figures which resulted in the fearful dis tress of the Winter of 1867 8. We think a little caution now on these | points would be of inestimable value to the i South for years to come. Not that we desire a small crop of oottoa to be raised —for we believe the true interests of the cotton States demand a large crop and low prices, which will drive out competition— but simply that the greatest economy of production be used to cmtract ior labor based on preseut rates of cotton be made, and a sufficient supply of food products be put in to make that section independent of others for their daily bread. The observ ance of these precautions will ensure a prosperous year for tho South, and do much toward imparting activity to the in dustrious of the whole country. — Mer chants’ Magazine for February. Why I Want Boys to Leant Farming BY HORACE GREFLY. I live when I can in the country, though most of my sleeping and nearly all my waking hours are given to work which calls mo to the city. My neighbors are mainly farmers, generally, in fair circumstauces, whose children are fairly educated, or may be if they will. I regret to say that a majority of them prefer not to follow their father’s vocation,but want to live by trade, by office, or something else than farming. And the reason to my mind, is clear ; their education and their whole intellectual cul ture lead away from the farm. Their school-books contain nothing calculated to make them love agriculture or qualify them to excel in it ; their fireside reading is not of chemistry, geology, and the relat ed sciences, but of kuiehts and fairies, troubadours and tournaments—in short, all things calculated to make them detest farming as a coarse, plodding, hum-drum pursuit, fit only for inveterate dunces and illiterate boors. I protest against this as false, misleading, pernicious, and demand an education and a literature which shall win our farmers’ sons to prize and honor the calling of their fathers. A political economist has observed that labor, unless used at the moment of pro duction, is lost forever. In most vocations it is impossible to produce beyond the day’s needs. The doctor can only cure dis eases as they manifest themselves; the best lawyers cannot anticipate next year’s legal business; the carpenter and mason cannot build houses except they are wanted. The farmer, on the contrary, may grow corn or cattle, flax, woolcr cotton in excess of the current, demand, and store it against the time of need. Better still, he may drain and subsoil, and fertilize; may plant trees, and graft, and prune, so as to double his product in ihe future by a judicious ex penditure of the effort in the present. If a huudred thousand additional lawyers and doctors were let loose upon the community, I do not feel sure that the uet result would be more justice or less disease and death, wtiile lam quite sure that the national wealth would not be increased thereby; but a hundred thousand enlightened, efficient farmers added to those we already have could hurdly fail to add one hundred millions per annum to the property which shall be the heritage of our children. My countrymen ! let us each do his best to increase the proportion of useful workers to pestilent idlers in the com munity. Nay, more ; let us try to in crease the proportion of producers to ex changers or distributors of wealth. Fences, and padlocks, and policemen, and revenue officers may be necessities of our present condition—l presume them to be so ; but we migiit have our country so well fenced, and padlocked, and policed that we should ail starve to death. There is no shadow of danger that too few will seek to live by law, physic, trade, etc., etc., while there is great danger that trade and the profes sions will be over-crowded, to the neglect and detriment of productive industry. Let us face tho foe that menaces our posi tion, and defeat him if we can. —Hearth & Home. Potash as a FcrUllaer. Potash forms one of the most essential constituents of a fertile soil, aud one of the most important of all the fertilizing agents within the reach of the agriculturist. In many plants it constitutes more than one naif of their ash, and in most at least one third. In neutralizing acids in the soil and in the liberation of ammouia, it acts in the same manner as lime, but when it is desired simply to effect these last mou tiouea objects, ihe latter should be used, as being cheaper, and potash, generally available in the form of ashes, should be applied as a manure, using the word in its strictest sense, to indicate a substance that contributes diructiy to building up the structure of the plants. But considerable care should be exercised in the use of ashes, and they should never, as is the practice with some in manuring corn in the hill, be mixed with guano or the refuse of the hen roost, inasmuch as the first rain that dissolves them will cause the potash to displace the ammonia in tbe same manner that limit displaces it from barnyard manure aud similar manures, as we have just mentioned; and, although the potash of the ashes aud the phosphoric acid of the guano, or the like, would bo left to benefit the plant, the ammonia would be dissipated and lost, and the value of the fertilizer depreciated. Analogous to pot ash in its action is soda, which, however, with a few exceptions to the rule, enters but slightly into the composition of plants, and may generally be replaced, to a great extent, with potash. Turnips and mangold wurtzel, however, require a comparatively large amount of soda, the ash of the former containing upward of twenty eight percent, and the latter a nearly equal amount. This may be most conveniently applied to the soil when required in form of common salt. J. A. Whitney , at Farmers' Club. From the Sun <fc Times, Yith. Resignation of Col. Hugh Buchanan. We are permitted to make public tbe subjoined letter from Col. Hugh Buchanan, tendering his resignation of the nomination conferred on him by the Democracy of this District during the past Summer. We have Lad full authority from Col. Buchan an, since the close of the Convention at j LaGrange, to make in his behalf the an- j uouncement contained in his letter, but j knowing that ! e would at the right time i put, himself in a proper posit ion before the i people who have honored him, concluded ; to abide his judgment in the matter. It j will be seen that he patriotically retires j from a position assigned him under circura- ' stances different from those by which we \ are now surrounded, and leaves opportuni- j ty for the people of the District to choose j anew standard bearer. We can and do : pledge Colonel Buchanan to an earnest and j material support to whoever rnay be select- j ed in his place, and we sincerely trust that | the day is not lar distaut when Georgia may claim his for she sorely needs [ men of the honesty, integrity and courage of Hugh Buchanan: NewnaN, Ga., March 15, 1869. J. M. Mobley , Esq. : Dear Sir— You were President of the Democratic Convention of the 3d Con gressional District of Georgia, in the month of September last, at La Grange. When that body did me the honor to nom inate me as the Democratic candidate for the 3d Congressional District, a resolution was adopted by the Convention, after nomination, “That if the election did not take place in November, I should be the candidate when the election should take place.” In accepting the nomination I stated I should not hold the party bound by the resolution ; that a change of circumstances might make it advisable to hold another Convention and obtain another expression of the wishes of tbe party. I think cir cumstances have changed since tho Con vention was held. The representative branch of Congress had received, a short time before, two Representatives from this State who were and are open and avow ed Democrats - . Congress, with great una nimity, removed their disabilities. Then we al.-o hoped Seymour would he elected and better counsels prevail. _ Since the election, the dominant party in Congress has manifested increased bitterness and i hostility to the people oftbis section. The same Congress that admitted Gen. Young and Col. Tift rejected Col. Christy, who is not ineligible by the late Constitutional Amendment. Mr. Hill and Dr. Miller have been refused admission to their seats. In view of these facts, I have thought it advisable, through you, to tender to the Democratic party of this District the nomination conferred upon me, that there may not be even a seeming impediment to the adoption of such a course as may be i most beneficial to the party of “The Con- j stitution and the Rights of the States ” Yours truly, Hugh Buchanan, i Three hundred and thirty-three emi- ! grants passed through Columbus, Ohio, j last week. Ol’B NEtV YORK CiiKtiESPBXREN aPttj-Ab ccr; i■)» ut\. , r t - . - * - f T ANARUS““ eilh-tNIC. r. 4 SFNTINEI,. New York, March 16th, 1869. Editor s Chronicle cfc Sentinel: It is not a lfttle surprising that just at themomern the United States Government is working itself into a passion over the Alabama claims, Spain should prefer pre cisely the same complaint against this blessed “nation,” that the “nation” is al leging against England. The cry against Great Britain is that she permitted Confederates to receive assistance contrary to the requirements of neutrality, and lo ! here is a Spanish ambassador on the route to Washington to complain that the insur rectionary forces in Cuba are kept on foot Almost entirely by American aid, comfort, and support- Os course, this complaint will be rudely disregarded, for do not “pro gress,” “humanity,” the “spirit of the age”, and all those other fiue things de mand that this “natron which is so touchy about other folks v. idling with it, should, nevertheless, meddle ad infinitum with everybody else' ? In commercial circics nero, there is vornc apprehension that’those people at Wash ing;ou may push England so far that she will have to fight, and the surmise is not without a depressing effect. It is known that Grant is hostile to England and insists not only on her paying the Ala bama claims but on humbly begging par don of the United States for permitting the Confederate privateers ever to get to sea. Should he succeed fully in inspiring Con gress with this view of the case, and, to a certain extent such is understood to be the sentiment of that body, it is not improba ble trouble may ensue, It is one thing to bully a helpless South and another to push the first maritime power of the world to the wall. War with England might lead to a sound flogging, and, even if not that, to such a helpless complication of the al ready fearfully euiba:ias>cd finances a* would necessitate a wholesale repudiation Some here are incli n'd to think that i last war talk is the stale old device of tyranny 1 in every age whereby mi ill: - people waging 1 restless at misgovernin' n r , a foreign war ia ' stirred up to distract their attention froth homo affairs. # Beyond the Afoiaww question, the politi cal situation does not appear to have any effect on business. Men buy aud sell, and dabble in stocks and gamble iu gold with a sublime disregard of what Giant says or does that seems to intimate their opinion of him as quite aSf much of a cipher as ever Mr. Johnson was. t o smash if the Cabinet is regarded a,- ~ ;.»ir aud square defeat for the Executive, an i now that the first excitement is over (I. : ne w President is scarely ever referred tons a potential agent in current politics. 'I hero are a great many rude jokes about his gre.ss ignorance and undisguised nepotism, but beyond this the bubble is burst. In financial matters, the current opinion about Wad street is that the debt is beyond the reach now of mere political influences and must lake its chance with material circumstances as time may developo them. Tne Sehonck bill —or Schenck’s strengthening plaster, as they call it—to declare all Government obliga tions piayable in gold, is merely for foreign consumption. In Hamburg or Berlin it may do something, but it is fully under stood here that it amounts to nothing. It is evident that the (Ecumenical Couu cil, to meet at Rome toward the end of this year will be one of the grandest events of the century. Though 880 ecclesiastics are entitled to attend under the l’apal summons, it is not believed that more than 750 will be present. The place of session is to be iu one of the transepts of St. Peter’s, which is to bo portioned off' for the occasion from the rest of the edifice by heavy curtains. The Pope is to have his throne at the head of the room, -with tho Cardinals on either hand, and in front of these dignitaries the other members of the Council are to b3 ranged in concentric rows. Already tho preparations arc making, among them one of an interesting nature in reference to the report iag of proceedings and debates. By order of His Holiness, quite a number of priests are bard at work studying short-band So as to take down the discussions without tho interventicu of secular aid. Thu language is to be ex clusively the Latin, as is required by the vast number of vernaculars to be repre sented and which it would • otherwise be necessary for each ecclcsiasiio to under stand. As the call has been made to com prehend all “non-Catholics,” it is surmised there will be quite a number of Ritualists | present, and perhaps even some ot the Greek rite. The topics for deliberation I arc not known beyond one, which is to con sider the alarming spread of infidelity, and, if I mistake not, another having reference to the spiritual condition of the lately emancipated slaves of the South. It is to bo hoped that in the general purpose of this august assemblage to promote virtue and augment piety the blessing of Heaven may rest upon it, fur surely, if one may judge the world from these parts here abouts, the devil is loose and goes roaring about, champing folks up in a wholesale style that needs every possible repression that can be brought to bear upoti his majesty. There is much snarling in the Kennels at Washington. The bull dogs of the ! “nation” are r ady to fly at each other’s ; throats, or, to bo less the rankling jealousies of the military and naval services are having lull swing under Grant. That person is rewarding those he likes in the army, ami injuring those he dislikes, and Admiri 1 Porter, who is the real Secretary of the Navy, Borie be ing a mere figure-head, is performing the same noble aud generous part toward the navy. Truly, it is tie il;.; of small things and small men. Bdtfhe scuta is on top and what more could i e expected than j that clowns and buffoon-, suddenly put in eminence, should gratiiy ii:eir personal partialities and feed fai i.ieir miserable hates. The game of seduction i ■ now at its height. As fast as the Radical leaders lose an inch here they :-uek to make it up by purchasing a recruit South, and, as a rule, it may be set down that any “re pentant rebel” who wishes to sell out can get his price. Loil letters are, therefore, in order, and if any mau chooses to whine and snivel his adhesion to these accursed wretches, let him out with it and he will get some half-picked bone. Tyrone Powers. Nine times has Mr. Sumner tried the ; Lincoln Pension Bill. j Miss Rutherford Las been appointed postmistress at Alton, 111. j The recent heavy rains in Georgia have greatly retarded planting operations. George Peabody’s buildings in London now shelter 1,971 poor people. Many valuable tracts of laud were sold in Florida recently for one dollar per acre. It is estimated that therek.ro five million head of cattle in Texas. It is reported that nx-Oongressman Pile has been appointed Pension Agent at St. Louis. It is an extraordinary fact that when people come to who is called high words, they generally use !• >v- language. John Sanford Young, who killed Richard Powell, in Henderson, Ind., has been com mitted on the ehar ; . o', murder in the first degree. Samuel Scott Clay, a bankrupted cattle dealer of Bourbon cour. v. Kentucky, com mitted suicide, last Wednesday, by taking strychnine. Petitions for abolishing the law impris oning debtors have been sent to the New York Legislature. Fifty thousand signa tures have been obtained. The WorU> Moves.—A son of Parson Brownlow is a candidate for the Tennessee Legislature. He actually pledges himself, if elected, to favor the extension of white suffrage. The public debt on the Ist of March was $2,545,336,904 28, but since that time it has been decreased about $3,000,- 000. The crowds which infest the White House are simply frightful, and the Presi dent says be has no hope of an abatement, until the offices are filled. Accounts from all sections of Missouri represent the Winter wheat crop as excel lent, although damaged in some regions by changeable, freezing and thawing weather. About ten days ago the greater portion of the business houses around Court Square, at Jonesborough, Arkansas, was burned to the ground. Tbe fire is sup posed to have been nr- -idcntal. Negotiations I n an Lug the F/ eochcable at Duxbury, Massachusetts, have been completed. The company Las bought six acres of land, and has begun the erection of buildings. Three masked men broke open the bouse of Mr Liceloff, near Corydon, Ind., the other day, with a fence rail, and, holding pistols to his head, searched the house, securing $25. The friends ol the Cuban insurgents claim to have news of an important victory near Morena La Grande, in which the ar tillery and baggage of the government forces were captured. It is understood that Commissioner De lano will not recommend the removal of any officer in the Revenue service who has proven faithful and efficient, and who is a Republican. ’The moon,’ said a total abstainer, ‘is not quite a tetotaler, but she'lets her modera tion be known to all men, for she only fills her horn onoe a month. ’ ‘Then she fills it with something strong,’ observed a by stander, ‘for I have seen her half gone 1’ Numerous dispatches have been received at Washington from Cincinnati protesting again-tthe removal ot Postmaster Thomas. He is endorsed by the strongest Radicals, but it is considered oertain that Foulds will receive the appointment. Old Mr. Grant, is said to back him, * j
