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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1866-1877 | View Entire Issue (April 28, 1869)
6ltromtU & Sentinel AKD.NKaDAY MOESIH#. APRIL ‘is. ' with Brest Britain. Since the celebrated discussion of the Alabama treaty by the Benate of the United States on the 13th instant, and the exceeding belligerent speeches deliver ed on that occasion by the Senator from Massachusetts, and the Senator from Mi chigan, the whole country seems to have become very much exercised over the prospect of a war with Great Britain. We read that Sumner on the war path, deliv ered ‘‘the best and greatest of his many great speeches,” and so impressed was the Senate ‘‘by the cogency of his argument and the belief that it embodied the best expression of national feeling on this ques tion, that it removed the injunction of secrecy, and the speech will be given to the public within a few days probably-” Chandler went even farther than his Mas sachusetts friend, ana boldly announced that the American continent was too small to hold the two sovereignties; England must cede to us the New Dominion before the vexed question of the Alabama claims could ever be definitely settled. With the publication of these warlike utterances, the country has been put into a state of fever ish excitement. The Radical press, which has arrogated to itself the guardianship of the national honor, has adopted the ad vice of Henry Ward Beecher, “dropped Sambo and taken up Great Britain.” In place of the long-winded diatribes against the South which formerly filled the columns of the journals of this party, we now find equally as long-winded invectives hurled at the British lion. Crbs for revenge for loil men slain by rebels at the South have given place to cries for reparation to loil men for damages inflicted on them by piratical privateers, equipped with British gold and sailing from British harbors. Ku-klux outrages sink into insignificance by the side of British aggressions, and every Radical stump-speaker in the North and West sounds the war-whoop against the offend ing nation. From the forum of the Senate and the pulpit of Plymouth Church comes up a cry for blood, or money, or land. Numerous are the counts in the indictment made by these parties against England— destruction of Northern shipping during the war, increased rates of insurance, suc cor afforded to the rebels, the prolongation of the rebellion, are all attributed to hated Albion, an-t nothing may atone for the in sults and injuries suffered at her hand save war —or Canada. Now while this has been the language of Radical orators, journalists and preachers, and while it may deceive the ignorant mas ses of the North and West, who have for so long a time been the dupes of ambitious and unscrupulous demagogues, our own opinion is that all this furious riding of the Bird of Liberty, these warlike clamors of newspaper patriots and the spread-eagle orations of Chandler, Sumner & Cos. are gotten up purely for effect and will end in Treasury trades. Although five months ago the Radical party succeeded in electing their candidate, U. S. Grant, to the Presi dency by what seemed a very large majori ty, yet this was accomplished by distracting the attention of the people from the chief question at stake to issues which had nothing to do with the contest, and now that these side issues have been disposed of and the masses begin to gain some insight into the manner and for what ends the government of the country is being con ducted, anew diversion is sought. The Republican party was never in a more critical condition- It is at this time, then, that its leaders, in order to re gain their rapidly dopartiDg power and popularity, sound the tocsin of war, think ing the surest way in which to arouse the national pride and rally to their support the whole country, irrespective of party, is by making the people believe that hostil ities with a great foreign power are im minent. No thinking man will be deceived by this ruse. Every man of this class knows that the United States aro not pre pared for such a struggle- It is not usual for a nation to tako up arms against a power in every way their equal when they have hut just emerged from a bloody and protracted struggle with a portion of its own people ; with a currency fluctuating with the breath of money brokers; with a Union dissevered by solemn enactments and ten States treated as military provinces ; with corruption pervading legislative halls, and justice bargained and sold by those solemnly invested with its insignia—and vice in all its forms stalk ing abroad throughout the land, not only unwhipt hut defiant; and ignorance made the test of loyalty, exalted as the badge of power. Add to the existing debt twenty-five hundred millions for a war with Great Britain, and what would gold be? Cut off foreign intercourse and foreign trade, by an actual declaration of war, and the Alabama losses will be mul tiplied an hundred fold by sea, while grain woyld rot in tho fields of the gTeat West, and cotton decay in Southern store houses. New England would prosper by cheap grain and with oheap cotton, but to all other parts of the Union there would come decline and stagnation. it would seem, thoreforc, preposterous to talk about war in the present condition oi the country. It does seem more preposter ous that war should be advocated by New England Radicals. Nevertheless, New England Radicals declare for war, for Charles Sumner is the mouth-piece, and Now England governs tho country, both as to its internal regulations and its foreign policy. To appease New England’s virtu ous wrath, U. S. Grant places in power for the government of Southern rebels, South ern negroes. W) soothe New England pride, the question of war is entrusted to New Englaud embassadors, and New Eng land Committees on Foreign Relations decide the fate of treaties. The President declares that he has no policy of his own. Mr. Sumner has declared his policy as the policy endorsed by tho people. Does the President accept it ? That he has accept ed it in part is quite evident to any one who will consider his Southern appoint ments. Will 4° accept it as a whole ? It rests with the President and New Eng land to say whether or not there shall be foreign war. The Pr .-sident’s home-peace policy is to conciliate “rebels” by making their late slaves, their present masters. What is to be his foreign-peace policy? Will he make war with England to pre serve power to New England Radicals ? The Boston Reform League.—Speech ot William Lloyd Harrison. A meeting of merchants and citizens of Boston. Mass., was held in Chickering Hall on Tuesday night last,and a “Reform League" Association was formed. Ad dresses in tavor of free trade were deliver ed by Win. Lloyd Garrison and others. In his address Mr. Garrison said : There was nothing intricate in freedom, free labor, free institutions, the law of in terchange, the measure of reciprocity. It is the legerdemain of class legislation that creates confusion, sophisticates the judg ment and dazzles and bet ray. Denying the rectitude or feasibility of building our selves up by an exclusive policy, obstruct ing the natural flow of material exchanges, he avowed himself to be a Radical free trader, lie further said that wide as is our country, and diversified as are its interests, no discrimination was made or allowed in the matter of trade and barter. Our ter ritoral limits are continually enlarging, but the same rule holds and must hold though wo should twcicx every other country to our own. Would American industry in that ease be struck with paralysis? But it thisindLsputabiy works well for *1! classes, why will it not work equally well if wo go with our free i xchanges beyond the boundaries of our Republic ? In re spect to two grand reformatory measure' Great Britain had, to our discredit, takes the lead of us and still held an advanced position. The first was the abolition of bcrcolonial slavery; the second, the repeal of her corn laws and the substantial open ing of her ports to all eomers. reserving only some half a dozen dutible articles out of fourteen hundred as formerly on her list. His faith was absolute that un shackled commerce would prove advan tageous to every branch of human indus try, whether at home or abroad. He pro ceeded to recapitulate the objects of the proposed Reform League, and trusted they would meet the hearty approval of all present, and at no distant day that of the American people. Mr. Garrison ecu eluded by saying that the object which had [brought them together was neither parti san nor geographical, but patriotic and a! comprehensive ; not for anyone interest in special, but for all interests ; not for Mas sachusetts alone, but for the whole coun try ; and its realization coaid not fail to bring great and signal blessings along with it, and to foster that expansive spirit of human brotherhood through which at last all the nations of the earth shall strike hands in amity and peace. What Good Will It Bo ? Virginia, Mississippi and Texas are now to be reconstructed under the late act of Congress just as Georgia and other South ern States have been reconstructed, that is to say the citizens of the State are to pay certain “loil” men to alter, amend and reconstruct ou Republican principles the organic laws of the State, and to elect law makers who are to receive more dollars per day for their professional services, and who shall be “loil” to a Radical standard, and loyal officials who will be loyal to plunder; and after all this has been done, in Republican form and according to Radi cal formulas, these States will hi as other Southern States —in the Union for taxa tion and oat of it for representation. We concur, therefore, in the views of the Louisville Courier-Journal: “We are unable to share in the rejoie i ings of those conservative citizens of Vir- j giuia, Mississippi and Texas who expect the best results from the exercise of the power conferred on the President to select out from the projected constitutions of those States such provisions as he pleases for separate submission to the votes of the people. The Democracy of the States referred to apper to hive no doubt that Grant will select from the constitution of each of the three States for separate votes the provisions most obnoxious to good cii'zens. But we repeat that Grant is in the keeping of the leading Radicals, that he moves only as they move him, that he decides only as they decide for him, and that he will not endanger, by submission to a separate vote of the people, any prof visions which his Radical oracles think that the people might vote down and which are deemed necessary to the com pleteness of the success of the Congres sional plan of reconstruction. He will submit to separate votes such provisions as they advise him to submit, and he will submit no others. But, even if he were to act otherwise, if he were to submit to separate votes, the most obnoxious of the Constitutional pro visions, and they were to he rejected by the people, all this would avail nothing. Con gress, he it remembered, has reserved to itself the power of deciding, after Virginia, Mississippi and Texas shall have voted upon their respective Constitutions,wheth er their work shall be accepted and they received into the Union, or their work re-t jetted, and they kept out of the Union. Well, if their work isn’t in every respect fully up to Radicalism’s high-water mark, they will bo kept out of the Union. We don’t suppose that any observer of the do ing -i of Radicalism in the Capitol can really doubt this. Only fatuity could doubt it. Os course the whole purpose of Congress in vesting itself with the power of ultimate action upon the work of the three States that are to vote upon their Constitutions, was to secure perfect conformity with its own views, and this purpose it will secure at all hazards. But why talk of hazards? What hazards will or can Congress incur? Have not the people of the country shown that they can ‘endure’ as long as the Government can, pour on ? ’ “The New York World takes, on this subject, a view substantially similar to ours, and the Now York Times , in reply to the World, says : The allegation is that the rejection of the disability or test oath clauses, if sub mitted separately, will be followed by a refusal on the part of Congress to accept the Constitution without them. A single fact should dispel apprehensions on this head. Congress has approved constitu tions in which clauses of' this character have no place. The Constitution of South Carolina is an example in this respect. “It is true that Congress lias approved constitutions in which test oath clauses have uo place, but this is no indication that Congress will approve other constitu tions in which test-oath clauseß shall have no place. Especially is it no indication that Congress will approve constitutions where such claims shall have been submit ted to the people and rejected by them. Congress has admitted States without their having adopted the Fifteenth Amend ment, hut Congress has made up its mind to do so no more. Congress is all the time changing its conditions of admission. It is coulinually making the conditions hard er and harder. It keeps no other object in view than the maintenance of Radical supremacy. To this it will sacrifice consist ency, truth, self-respect, the Union, free government, the cause of the country and of' mankind. The Amended Tobacco Tax Act. The following is the full text of the act approved by the President on Saturday, to amend an act entitled “An act impos ing taxes on tobacco, and for other pur poses,” approved July 10, 1868; lie it enacted, That section 155 of the act entitled "An act to provide internal revenue to support the Government, to pay interest on the public debt, and for other purposes,” approved June 30, 1804, as amended by the ninth section of the act of July, 1866, be furt her amended by add itig thereto the following : And be it further enacted, That any per son having in his possession auy tobacco, snuff or segars manufactured and sold or removed from the manufactory or from auy place where tobacco, snuff oi segars are made since J uly 20, 1863, or any person having in his possession segars irn- 5 1 orted from foreign countries since uly 20, 1868,0 r withdrawn from a United j States bonded warehouse since said date, J such tobacco, snutf and segars having been I put in packages as prescribed in the act to j which this act is an amendment, and all | the other requirements of said act relating i to tobacco, snuff and segars, having been complied with, and who, on the Ist day of February, 1569, filed with the assessor or assistant assessor of the district within which he resides or his place of business, the Inventory required by the seventy eight and ninety-fourth sections of the act of July 20, 1868, and who shall, prior to selling or offering such tobacco, snuff or segars for sale, affix and cancel the proper | internal revenue stamps, shall be entitled to have refuuJod to him an amount of tax previously paid thereon equal to the value ! of the stamps affixed before sale as afore said ; and the collector of revenue shall be, ! and is hereby authorized on appeal to him made, to refund and pay back a sumofmoney equal to the value of the stamps affixed, up on satisfactory evidence submitted to him that the tobacco andsnuli were actually man uiactured and removed from the place of manufacture, and that the segars were so manufactured and removed, or imported and withdrawn from a United States bond ed warehouse and the several rates of tax imposed ou such goods by the act of July 20th, 1868, as aforesaid assessed and paid, and that the claimant had in ail respects complied with the internal revenue laws, as far as they have been or may be applica ble to such articles. The Collector of In ternal Revenue is hereby authorized and empowered to prescribe such rules and regulations for carrying out the provisions of this section as in his judgment shall be deemed proper and necessary. And the collector may in an> case, at his discretion, allow snuff and smoking tobacco manufac tured prior to the 20th of July. 1868, not in wooden packages, to be stamped and s,.IJ in the original packages, and the rate of duty on segars imported prior toJuly 20th, !#6B, and now remaining in bond, shah be (he same as on segars imported alter that date. Preparations sou War.—A Wash ington dispatch says : “There is a good deal of truth in the current rumors about the fitting out of iron-clad vessels by our i naval authorities. Orders have been given j to overhaul and refit for sea service sev eral of these vessels, although there are no orders assigning them to any particular destination. The only object in view in E reparing them for service seems to be to ave them ready in case an emergency shall arise in which they may be needed. It is now well known in certain confiden tial quarters that a special agent k»s been sent to Cuba by the President to investi gate the situation there and report resulm. He left several days ago. The Similarity of Radical Legis latures. —The editor of the Independent has a poor opinion of the material compos ing the present Radical Legislature of Pennsylvania. He says, the impression being the result of a visit to Harrisburg. “Never before have we seen so squalid an arrav of low brows grouped together in any one legislative chamber, not even in Alba ny. Solid Pennsylvanians say freely (and with many intersprtnkled damnations) that the present Legislature is the most corrupt that ever preyed upon that bleeding Com mouwealth ” . Tenure of Office Color. W e of the South watch the operations of the Government as spectators ; not as with the indifference of such as have no concern, but as greatly concerned as to such matters as effect our local interests ; but with unbiased judgment as to the ultimate general results. We have no representa tion. We share in none of the responsi bilities of measures. If this works evil or that ends in failure, whether this or that pertains to foreign or domestic policy, it is not to us a matter of responsibility. A tutelage of four years of Federal inde cision in reconstruction has taught us more of self-government, more of living outside of the Government, than all we learned during that period of trial and suffering, the period of war. It is, there fore, more with curiosity than of interest that we watch the progress of legislation on the part of those who “run the machine outside of the Constitution,” under the demands of partisan loyalty. It is with much of this spirit that we have watched the progress of tho Tenure-of-Offiee Bill, and the President’s action. There is but little doubt but that the Tenure-of-Office Bill had its origin, 'not in the motive of general welfare or good of : the country, but in a desire to secure spoils for those in authority, and to per petuate party power. It was asserted by Radicals that the continuance of the appointing power in the hands of Andrew Johnson would en able him to control the election and defeat not only the Radical wing of the Repub lican party but overthrow the party which placed him iu office. It was expected that so soon as the Republican candidate of their selection succeeded to office, that this restriction upon the Executive power would he removed. This expectation, however, has not been fullfiled. The President took ground in favor of its re peal. The Senate refused to surrender its power. A sort of truce between these high contending powers has been patched up, and under this bizarre .treaty, the President nominates and the Senate con firms. Thus far, under this compromise, the President has nominated something over one thousand out of the forty thousand offices at his disposal, most of which have ] been confirmed. We are at a loss to know j on what principal ground—except the plea ■ sure of the Senate and the President’s ! personal obligations. Fitness for office | seems to he disregarded; the respect and [ confidence of communities and the claims of Republicans of acknowledged ability ignored under frivilous pretexts or with out pretext, to cithor claims or consistency. In certain instances color seems to have been made the test for qualification, and when this test is made it seems to be enforced in the same spirit as that which dictated the Presidents famous peace prayer. We have this title to office recognized not fully and openly, hut by compromise in the composition of color, by piece meal. Mr. Burlingame ambassador from the Celestial Empire, a citizen of Massaehassetts, intro duces yellow faced pigtails from China. Mr. President should nominate yellow faces with no tails to office. The New England Celestial ambassador having indicated the exact sh de of color that is desirable, the Senator from Massachusetts designates and the President nominates, and all this gives a neutral test to the complexion of political principles. The prevailing shade which we may reasonably infer as the court color of the current administration will be yellow—while and black being antagonistic, are to be ignored. The color of the ad ministration therefore promises to be Yel low-plush. Somewhere between the views of the President and the Senate and yel low-faced officials, will remain octo roons, quadroons and clear brown. The Greenville & Columbia Railroad. The Columbia Phoenix of the date of last Saturday, contains an able and full re port written by Col. P. H. Hammet, the President of the Greenville & Columbia Railroad Company of the present condi tion of the affairs of that corporation and its receipts and disbursements during the past year. The exhibit made is a very creditable one and will have the effect, no doubt, to allay the fears which have been so often expressed as to the solvency of the corporation. From the report we make the following extracts: The earnings of the road for the year were as follows : From freights $228,726 27 From passengers and extra 103,384 35 From Government transportation 1,898 35 From mail? 11,535 00 $345,543 97 Current or ordinary expense 196,231 22 Nei earnings over ordinary or current expenses $149,312 75 Extraordinary expenses 20,000 00 Net balance, after paying all ex penses whatever incurred dur ing the year, both ordinary and extraordinary $129,312 75 The earnings of the road for this year, says the President, “were in excess of any previ us years since the road has beeu in operation, except those of 1859 and 1860, when they were a little more, and except also the three latter years of the war, when the reecipts wero in Confederate money,” He also adds, that “for the present year the indications are that the earnings of i the road will be largelyi n excess of the last. For the first quarter of 1860, ending March 1 31st, the gross earnings were $120,666 65, while for the corresponding months of 1868 they were $102,772 16, being an excess of j $16,905 40. And that extensive and active preparations are being made for an increased crop of cotton and grain along I* the line, it may be remarked that far the i first quarter of the present year there have been sent up the road about 6,000 tons of 1 guano and other fertilizers, which ig be : lieved to he more than the aggregate quan j tity sent up since the road was built.” The foilowiag is a statement of the [ bonded debt of the (jompjpv on the Ist i day of January last: First mor'gage 1 bond- out standing,., ~,5320,500 00 Inter't ousamo to January 1, # 1869 117,325 00 Coupons out standing ou first mortg'ge bonds 22,032 50 Interest on the same to J an uary 1. 1869.. 8,357 53—1468,215 03 Guaranto'db’ds issued under Act of 1861.. 629,500 00 Coupo’sons’me to January 1, 1869 86,117 50 Interest on the same to Jan. 7, 1869 10,242 73 - 725,860 23 Guarant’d b’ds and certifi’tes of indebted ness issued under Act of 1866 246,618 52 Coupons on the same to Jan. L 1869 17,263 30 Interest on the ] same to Jan. L 1869 604 22 264,456 04 j Bo nd s out j standing, not | secured by mortgage 4-5.500 00 Interest on face of same from maturity to January 1, j 1868 63,272 50 j Coupons out • standing on same 120,715 00 Interest o n same to Jan j. uary 1. 1869. 29,292 19 708,779 69 Bonds and cer ’ tificatcs of in ! debted ness issued under second rnort* gave 50.683 68 Coupons o n same to Jan uary 1, 1869. 3JW 86 Interest o n same to Jan uary 1, 1869. 124 17 54.355 71 I Total amount of bonded debt and interest J anuary 1, 1569 $2,221,096 70 This will be rednoed by the funding of non-mortgage bonds and coupons at one for three 472.519 78 Correct amount of funded debt when readjusted $1,749,176 92 Tbe Cuban Question. Dispatch to the \New York Tribune. Washington, April 18, 1869. I The report sent hence of a contemplated ( extra session of Congress is evidently erro neous, and based on the merest rumors. Members of Congress, who have conversed with the President on the subject, say that he denies having any such intention. There is nothing likely to occur, he says, 1 respecting the Cuban question that will | disturb the peaceful relations which exist between this Goverßment and Spain. The duty of the Administration concerning this subject is plain, and that is to observe a strict neutrality between the Spanish au thorities and the insurgents. The Ad ministration would not if it could restrain the sympathies of our people in behalf of i the struggling insurgents against the Spanish rule. Due precaution has been taken to have the proper Government offi- | cials exercise due diligence to prevent ! armed expeditions or munitions of war leaving our ports to aid either the Span-! iards or the insurgents. The head of the Navy Department explains that the con centration of a large naval force in the Cuban waters is for the protection of American citizens and their interests, and the wisdom of this action has already been demonstrated in dispatches just received from the Vice Consul at Havana. He states that General Dulce shows an entire willingness to render ample reparation for any injuries or insults inflicted upon Amer ican citizens or their property. The Gov ernment authorities claim that, undue ex citement has been occasioned from the fact that orders were dispatched some days ago to the commandants of some of the navy yards to have some of the best class of vessels immediately put in order. It is asserted that the only purpose which the Department had in view in issuing that order was to preserve and keep in repair quite a number of first-class ships that would, in the course of a year or two, be rendered utterly useless by neglect. The North Atlantic squadroD, which un til recently has consisted of only six, is to be increased immediately toeleven,viz : the Cantoocook , Captain George It, Balch. carrying the pennant of the Admiral com manding, is a second-rate screw propeller, 2,348 tons and carries 13 guns ; the Nar ragansett , Commander T. S. Fillebrown, is a third-rate modern screw propeller, 809 tons, carrying three guns ; Commander John IrwiD, a wooden paddle wheel steamer of 726 tons, 9 guns; the Yantic, Commander Trevott Abbott, a screw propeller of the fourth-clas?, 503 tons, 7 large guns; the Nipsic, Lieut. Commander T. 0. Selfridge, wooden screw steamer, fourth rate[ 563 tons, and 4 guns; the vessel lately added to the squadron are the corvette Galena, Commander A. W. Johnson, third class screw vessel. 514 tons, mounting 8 guns ; the sloop Seminole , Commander E. K. 0 /en, is a third class screw steamer, of 550 tons, carrying 8 guns ; Saugus, Com mander Joseph W. Fyffe, is a double tur retted iron-clad of the monitor pattern, 580 tons, 2 heavy turret guns ; the Mos holu, a second rate screw propeller, 2,348 tons, and carries 13 guns ; the Sabine, old class frigate, second rata 1,726 tons, carry ing 34 guns, making a total of 108 guns, besides two heavy turret guns. This dis play of force has become necessary to secure the rights of country pending the revolu tion in Cuba. Washington, April 20, 1869.—Doubt less the adoption of some such proposi tion as that offered by Mr. Chandler in the Senate yesterday was the logical §tep to be taken next after the fulmination of Sumner’s rhetorical declaration of war against England, When you were in formed a week ago that the acquisition of the British North American possessions was to be made the initial point of new negotiations in respect to the “ Alabama claims,” it might have been accompanied by the statement that my information was derived from Senatorial sources of high authority. It was not only then known that the Michigan Senator intended to press the point in open session, but that he was encouraged in his course by more than a dozen of his Radical colleagues. You have been sinced informed that the original plan has been so far modified (if it can be called a modification at all) as to provide and indirect mode of reaching negotiation—through a systematical disre gard of our neutrality laws—immediately with regard to Cuba ; and ultimately in respert to Canada, when the proper time arrives. In the meantime Mr. Motley will receive no instructions to revive the discussion upon the critical point. The policy, whatever may be said of its pru dence, comports less with tho honor and dignity of the greatest nation that the sun ever shone on than that proposed by Mr. Chandler. Nevertheless, 1 predict that the Senator’s proposed resolution will he consigned to the ‘ tomb of too Capu lets,” wherein are interred the bones of all the departed Browns and Iveses of Rhode Island. In the midst of Congressional specula tions as to what is to bo done with Great Britain, it might he as well probably for the sober peoph ol the United States to look at the view which that Government takes of the perilous position. Luckily they have, in advance of the thundering manifesto of the Massachusetts statesmam, the views of the English Secretary for Foreign Affairs. In a recent speech Lord Stanley, in recognizing tbe defeat of the Johnson treaty, took the thing quite cooly: “As for our part, it seemed to me plain and clear from the first, and it seems to me plain and clear now, that there never has been a question upon our side of offering reparation for willful and inten tional wrong, because we don’t admit, and we have no right to admit that any such wrong was ever committed by us. [Cheers. ] But what we have all along in substance said is this, that international law being vague, and many new points of interna tional law having arisen in connection with the events of the late war, it was quite pos sible that upon either side or upon both sides, in the absence of precedents to guide, acts of unintentional wrong might have been done, and that the question whether they had happened or not, was one we are perfectly ready to refer to the judgment of an impartial arbiter. That is the substance of the language we have held throughout, and whether it leads to an immediate set tlement of the matters in dispute or not, it seems to me—although I may startle some persons by saying it— a matter of very sec ondary importance. Whatever happens in this respect, we have secured the main point —we shall have satisfied our own consciences, and we shall have p«t our country unmistakably in the right.” I have frequently adverted to the out ragccus falsehoods of the Radical organs concerning the Southern people. It is doubtful, however, whether a more das tardly, heartless and deliberate lie to injure innocent people has ever been per petrated than that essayed by the Chronicle in its is»ue of yesterday and to-day. It had published, on the 18th, a short account of the murder of a man in Georgia, named Ayer. Seeing a chance to malign the Bom.lv nexf day it manufactured and pub lished a dispatch of the following tenor: “Atlanta, Ga, Aprjj 18.—Dr. Ben jamin Ayer, of the Georgia delegation to ‘ Washington, the oldest member of the 1 Georgia Legislature, and a staunch Re publican, was brutally and inhumanly mur dered near his home in Jefferson couuty, by Kukiux, on Thursday night last. He was found on the public road shot through the head. Thus, the first of the Georgia delegation has perished by the wayside.” “Yesterday authentic intelligence was ; received here and elsewhere that Ayer was ’ murdered and robbed by a negro named j Wilsou, who is now in prison, and that he j was caught with the murdered man’s \ pocket-book and money upon hd person. > No one could expect, of course, that tbe i Chronicle would yet contradict its fraudu- i lent report. But, with this really unques- [ tinned evidence before it, it might be sup posed that it would not persist in its origi nal lie. Yet this very morning—averting to discredit the true statement, which was I before the writer —tbe Chronicle repeats it i with additions equally false and malicious, ! as follows: “The question naturally presents itself, would he have been round dead by the roadside had hs not been a friend of Con gress and a Republican patriot ? He is i said to have been the only white man in ] the county who had the courage to vote i for General Grant. We learn from private sources that many outrages are being com mitted against the negroes in the counties of Colombia, Lincoln and Elbert, and that in Johnson county a man who had been notified by the Ku-klux committee to leave the town by a certain day named was i attacked at his house and is now ‘lost.’ j It is currently reported also, among the Georgians in this city, that a man named Webster, who is said to have been an as sistant assessor of internal revenue, has been badly mal treated in Houston eoun tty. o»her Georgians here, however, swte that Webster has not been maltreated! merely, bat has been hanged. These are ! some of the results of leaving Georgia un der rebel rule during the vacation of Con- ; gress. In the States where in Republican j rule is fully established there is oompara- : tive peace and contentment. In Georgia, j on the other hamk the contest is still left j unsettled by the failure of Congress to ake action upon the matter, and theresult is that in many portions of the State no prominent Republican will be secure either in life or property during the entire Sam mer and Fall- Note. —Full particulars of the murder ! of Ayer have been published in the j Chronicle <fc Sentinel, detailing that he was murdered bya negro named Wilson Flournoy, who committed the deed for j Ayer’s money. We have neither in the papers nor heard of any outrages committed on Webster or on any'rone else in any parto f the State. Reported Ku-klux outrages in Georgia are played out. Oar people are peaceable and law-abiding as those of any State in or out of the Union. The Repeal of State Aid for the Educa tion or the Indigent Maimed Soldiers. Editors Chronicle & Sentinel: If the reader will observe the 158th Act passed by the last Legislature, and which has now become a law, he will per ceive that the caption thereof reads : “An Act to repeal an Act to educate the indigent maimed soldiers of Georgia,” approved December 18, 1566. This act of December, 1866, was to the effect that State aid to the amount of S3OO per annum, should be extended to every indigent maimed soldier of Georgia, under thirty years of age, who could pre sent testimonies of good character, and of service in the Confederate or State forces. In consideration thereof those soldiers were to solemnly bind themselves to teach in some county of the State. This, then, was a bona fide contract between Georgia and the soldiers, and, under its provisions, some two or three hundred young men have been pursuing their studies at the colleges specified in the act. Men good and true, characterized by a zeal only equalled by their progress. While now every eye is turned and every hand directed to the development of the resources of Georgia, and while every mind fully realizes that all national greatness and glory must u’tiuiately depend upon the education of her people, this Legisla ture, iu the drunken revelry that charac terized their last night’s session, forgetting its own honor, utterly ignoring the iuterejt of the State, and seeking to conceal iis villainy and shameless profligacy beneath a flimsy veil of meek economy, has repell ed the act for the education of the men who were rendered helpless in the defence of Georgia’s right and Georgia’s honor; thrusting them out of the institutions of learning without a dollar in their pockets, without the moans of getting home and at a season of the year wlien labor goes beg ging. Was there over a more damnable action performed by any set of'men? Pic ture the scene and imagine the feel ings of nearly one hundred students, buoyant with hope and earnest with intel lectual labor gathered together to hear their dismissal. Eyes that,uudimmed,had gazed upon the field of death were filled with tears ; forms that had trembled not in the! mad shock of battle, bowed with emotion. And well might they weep and bow to see their fond hopes blasted, their bright futures destroyed ! And this, forsooth, because the Legislature of Geor gia having fritted away the people’s money to the extent of millions, must practice economy at the sacrifice of the honor of the State, and of the happiness and pros perity of her battle-scarred heroes. And were this all, the brave men who have been robbed of man’s most priceless jewel—an education, might console them selves with the thought, that they and Georgia were the only sufferers. But »ore. Their expenses for three months have not been paid, and the families that have boarded these soldiers, ill able to sustain the loss, have been swindled out of their hard earnings by the legislators of Georgia. This subject has attracted hut little no tice, yet it is to be hoped that one of such moment will command the attention of the press and people. No terms of con demnation can be too severe to express the detestation that such an act creates. And when anew legislature assembles let it, if possible, remedy the evil that the old has occasioned. Wilt. Letter from lierzella. Beuzelia, April 21, 1869. Messrs. Editors : —The rains of which I made montion, appear to have extended far above this, so that we may now take it for granted that the farmer’s heart has been cheered by this long desired and loDg wanted desiderata. This is a very quirt place— the monotony only being disturbed by the whistle of ap proaching trains. The climate is delight ful, and I more than wonder that Aiken should be crowded, when Berzelia, equally healthy and breezes the most invigorating, should be neglected. Here the excellent landlord and landlady are ever at their posts, dispensing smiles and comforts to their boarders; and their table literally groans with everything in viting for the inner man. Here, also, area couple of mineral springs very strongly impregnated with iron, so that those who, like myself', are seeking stiength and relia , this is the very place for them. It is hut a pleasant ride—twen ty miles—and oneeau go down to the city in the morning by the Picayune train, re main all day aud return in the evening. Certainly Northerner?, seeking a pleasant spot can find no more delightful retreat than under the roof of Col. H. D. Leitner. I take this oeoasiou to contradict, authori tatively, the report started in Augusta that Colonel Leitner intended to a.low no pic nics up here this season. On the contrary, he desires all he can get and more besides. I was around looking at the shed, and as I stepped on the to floor I was tempted to take a jig all alone to myself. It looks just as natural as it did last 4:.h of July. A Weary Pilgrim. Letter from Tennessee. Leban n, Tenn , April 18, 1860. To the Editors of the Chronicle & Sentinel .-—ln accordance with my prom ise, I proceed to give you a brief sketch of my trip to tiiis “land of plenty,” and my observations hereabouts since my arrival. The trip to Chattanooga was as unevent ful and devoid of interest as railway journeys, over a familiar route, usually are. Os the city of Chattanooga itself, I confess my inability to speak in terms which would “do the subject justice.” It is said that the soldiers of the Confederate army, dur ing the late unpleasantness, were in the habit of saying that they had rat her die at Meridian, Mississippi, than at any other place in America, since they could leave that town with less reluctance than any other. My experience of the delectable spot mentioned is yet in the future, but if there be any unenviable distinction in which it surpasses Chattanooga, then the Lord help Meridian ! From Chattanooga to Nashville my ob servations were confined to the interior of a sleeping-car. I arrived at the latter place about sunrise and spent several hours there—not enough, by far, to see all that was to be seen, but amply enough to fall perfectly in love with the “city of Rocks.” Delightfully situat ed on the bank of the Cumberland river, admirably laid out, with its streets lined with magnificent public buildings, stores and private residences, and thronged dur ing the day with bevies of beautiful i women, and possessing a society second to that of no city in the Union in point of intelligence, culture and opulence. Nash ville is one of the most charming places of ! residence of which I have any knowledge. Its manufactures ;re rapidly increasing— j already almost everything Is here ! which can be made anywhere, from a ; plough to a church organ —and Nashville 1 bids fair to become, in a very j I few years, the first manufacturing > city in the Sonth. The public I buildings are of the first erdey, The eapi tol is especially remarkable. It is built entirely of the beautiful white Tennessee . limestone, and is acknowldged to be the i most splendid State capitol in the country. ] That this magnificent building, crowning; ; the summit of Capitol Hill, and looking | down on tbe metropolis of the noble old Volunteer St*te, should be polluted by the presence of as vile a crew of native scalla j wags and imported carpet-baggers as ever : disgraced a penitentiary, is the saddest of | sad reflections. The country between Nashville and this ! place, which is thirty miles eu;t, and con nected with the city by an excellent Pike, ; traversed by a daily line of coaches, is j gently undulating, and the soil is fertile, easily cultivated and admirably adapted j for tfie production of the staple cereals. | The prospects for a good wheat crop, I am I i*formed, were never better. | Lebanon, which is the county seat of i Wilson county, is a village of about three ' thousand inhabitants, situated immediate ; ly on the route of the proposed Tennessee j & Pacific Railroad. This road has been already surveysd, ha3 $600,900 in Wilson ; j and Davidson county bonds already voted, ' ; and is almost certain to be bijilt.at least as far as Lebanon. The town la eligibly situated, : remarkably healthy, and the society is j surpassed nowhere in the Sonth. The i celebrated Cumberland University is i located here, in addition to which there are two excellent female seminaries - render ing the educational facilities of the place of the first order. I have never spent two weeks more pleasantly than since I have been here. Chancery Court is now in session. Among the lights of the bar. I notice Col. Jordan Stokes, one the ablest criminal law yers in the South, and Hon. Robert L. Carutjiers. who was at one time Judge of the Supreme Court, Governor of Tennes see during the war, and has been a mem ber of both the United States and Con federate Congress. He has no intellectual superior in the State. I may write yon again, should I find opportunity before I leave. y. E. 8. The total amount of internal revenue collected in the Thirty first (the Wall street) District of New York, since the establishment of that district, is $44,423, 252 15, Georgia Items. Acquitted.-*-A. \Y. Jackson, charged with the murder of William A. Taylor, on the oOth of August, 1868, was tried last week at M ashington Superior Court aud acquitted. lin DE , Ar> - The Atlanta Intelligencer says: Jiy letter we learn of the death of a most estimable lady in Athens—. Miss Susan Lrawford. She was a daughter of one of the great men of the country, Hon. ffm. id. Crawford.” Condition of Rev. S. Anthony.— l pon visiting Rev. Mr. Anthony yester uay, we were highly gratified to find him in tine spirits, and with a cheering hope of being ab,e to leave his room in two weeks. His wound, though yet painful, is now in a _i air way to heal, and his physicians say it i> only necessary tor him to continue his patient waiting a while longer.— Americus Lotner, \2th- Rome. We are pleased to learn from our confrere of the Commercial, that the valuation of real estate in Rome this year aqounts to $1,152,800; an increase of $556,625 over last year. Contracts for the election of new buildings have been let out f*r about SIOO,OOO. This is a gratifying eridence ot the prosperity of the Romans. —Atlanta Constitution, 20th- The Odd Fellows of Griffin celebrate the semi-centennial anniversary of the intro duction ot their order in America, on Mon i day nest. Macon has a similar celebra tion. AtlantaOddFellows who aredisposed to celebrate will'go to Griffin, and help out the villagers.— Atlanta New Era. iiiF. Wheat Crop.—We regret to note that the wheat in this locality, which, a few days since appeared so promising, is now “firing up,” which is supposed to be produced by the protracted dry' spell that we have had for the past few weeks. Since the above was put in type, we have enjoyed a refreshing season, which was very timely and much needed. — Cov ington Examiner. Hon. A. H. Stephens.—From a gen tleman who saw and conversed with Mr. Stephens on Tuesday, we are rejoiced to learn that he continues to improve steadi ly. The injury was a very serious one to one of Mr. Stephens fragile mould, but we are glad to hope that he will shortly have so far recovered as to be able to com plete his history of the late war—a work in which he takes great interest, and which he is extremely anxious to complete.— Atlanta New Era. Y\ eatiier, Crops, Etc.—We have been having, for the last ten days, very dry weather, from which the farming interests of the county were suffering, but on yes terday and last night were blessed with fine seasons, greatly improvingthe appear ance of vegetation, which had began to look a little unhealthy, and lead one to the belief that crops were going to be cut short. Tne fruit crop in this section promises an abundant yield, as it sustained but lit tle injury from the late cold snap.— Eaton ton Press and Messenger, 20th. Assessor Belcher - Mistakes Cor rected. —Belcher, recently appointed As sessor of Internal Revenue in tho Third District, was not, as we stated yesterday, among the members of the Georgia Legis lature declared ineligible on account of color. He was still, up to the time of his appointment, a member of the Georgia Legislature, and, although reported in the press dispatch as colored, has every ap pearance of a white maD, and was in command of a company of whites in the Federal army during the war. Both Davis and Belcher were held to Lave less than an eighth of the African inter mixture, and were left in the undisturbed possession of their seats in the Legisiature. Macon Telegraph. Ho ! for Atlanta.—At the last meet ing of the Palmetto Fire Engine Company, it was resolved to visit Atlanta, Georgia, to participate in the parade of the Fire Department of that city on the Ist of May. A resolution was also passed inviting a delegation of five members from each com pany in the Department to accompany them. Arrangements will be made at an early day; and those companies who desire to send delegations should make applica tion at once. The cost of each man the round trip, it is estimated, will be sl7. Charleston Courier. • A correspondent of the Savannah News, writing from Quitman, April 20th, says : On last Sabbath a little boy, aged about ten years, and son of Mr. Alexander Hum phreys, of this (Brooks) county, went fishiug with a negro boy about fifteen years of age During the day the negro killed the white boy and ran off. He was appre hended and confessed the deed. Subject foj» Investigation. —The Grand Jury of the present week, of Ful ton County Superior Court, will probably investigate the c aracter and author of the lying dispatches sent from this city about outrages, etc., aud report in their presentments the result of that investiga tion.—Atlanta Constitution, 21 st. Suicide.—Mrs. Potter, aged about 70 years, widow of Washington Potter, late of Calhoun county, committed suieide on the I.sth inst., at the house of her son-in-law, Mr. Thomas Wilkerson. The circumstances attending this rash act, so far as wo can learn, are as follows-: Mr. and Mrs. Wilkerson were from home, leaving Mrs. Potter to take care of the house during their absence. Mrs. Potter placed a bandage over her eyes, a rope around her neck, climbed up. the side of the house, tied the rope to one of the logs or poles of the house, and suspended her self, thereby causing death. We know of no cause but a general one in such cases— aberationof mind.-- Dawson Journal 22 m1. An Italian Colony for Ueargia. We had an interview yesterday with Signor Joseph Borra, an intelligent Italian who is well acquainted with our country, and particularly the State of Georgia. He is now at the head of a company of small capitalists, for whom he wishes to pur chase an island, say St. Catherine, St. Simons hr Cumberland, or any other as healthy as these, containing from two to five thousand acres of goodland (no marsh shes). They will survey and examine the land, two or more thousand acres suitable for cultivation, and the balance iu good timber. The price must not exceed five dollars per acre; the payments as follows : First year thev will pay the interest of the money at seven per cent.; the second, third, fourth and fifth years equal pay ments with the interest of the money due until ail be paid. The islands that he has seen are St. Simons, Cumberland and St. Catherines. There are o hers that can answer as well as these. If the people of Georgia desire to open the channel for immigration to this part of the State, they must forward their propositions im mediately, as he mast know before the 10th of May next, for in ease the owners of the land will not accept the proposition the aompany will immediately accept an offer in Virginia, and Mr. Borra will pro ceed to Italy by the first steamer in June : next. I _ These colonists propose to engage, first, j in agriculture, and they prefer is ands. I because they do not wish their laborers to j be mixed up with the blacks. After fully j settled, they expect to introduce certain ; manufactures of great importance to the j Southern people, and which will add con siderably to the wealth of the State. We hope '.he necessary inducements may be ottered these immigrants to settle on our coast. Wc are assured that none but honest and thrifty Italians will be brought out, and in the hands of such inen one of oijr sea islands would soon blossom like the rose.— fjaoahhah hr publican. BTEEDMAX IX CUBA. The (iCueralN Effect* a LandiDg on the Inland. Washington Dispatch to the Cincinnati Gazette. Telegrams from Savannah lead friends of the Cuban revolution to believe that General J. B. Steedman has been success ful in landing in Cuba with a picked force of men. The expedition has been in pre paration a number of months. Steedman himself, spent two weeks in Havana, and during the latter part of the time was so far under arrest to be ordered quietly by the Captain-General to report to him daily. The first rendezvous of his party was on one of the islands near New Orleans. When Admiral Holt’received his first or ders, the headquarters of the expedition were changed to a point on the' Florida coast. A blockade runner, captured from the rebels in the late war, was obtained, and the belief is that nearly a thousand men, well supplied with arms and thoroughly accustomed to them, have been landed. The Cuban leaders have been fully ic qua in ted with Steedman’s movements for some time. Information has been received that bodies of men are nightly drilling in New York, whose ultimate destination is i Cuba, though they will probably not leave diroct from that city. It may be stated in this connection that the Navy Department has just added five vessels to the squadron in the Atlantic, so that it now consists of eleven vessels, with an aggregate of 108 guns. Prim made, in 1567, a bet with the Duke of Hamilton that (J|ueen Isabella would no longer De on the Spanish throne in the year 1869. The Duke of Hamilton paid the bet on the Ist of January' In making it he had counted on the friendship of his august relative, the Empress Eu genie. for the daughter of Ferdinand the Seventh. Berryer did not ‘leave any articles of much value, but several things at the sale brought high prices simply because they belonged to him. One of his canes brought eighty francs, and a writing desk brought eleven hundred francs. Some things went : very low, however, among them a portrait ! of Rossini, which the musician sent him with an autograph inscription, which ; fetched only 100 francs, The total product I of the sale was only 35,000 francs. AGRICULTURAL. Contributions on practical farming are solicited from our friends throughout the country. Corn-f ribs and Granaries. We are glad to get a really new idea on the subject of corn cribs. The way of bracing a twenty-four corn crib so that it shall be in no daDger of blowing over in a gale, by a wing at right angles to it, and attached to the centre of one side, is to us quite new. It is communicated to the Agriculturist by Mr. F. Davis, of Newport News, Va-, who describes his corn house as consisting of four rooms, each eight feet square, the middle or front one having a closely-boarded front and floor, the oth others having both front and sides of open-work. Mr. Davis says, “No one but myself believed that it would save the corn, because there was so much of it bulked together.' ’ The result, how ever, has proved eminently satisfactory. He adds, in regard to the details, "I make the floor of narrow boards, placed three quarters of an inch apart, and the sides of narrow strips, half an inch apart, thus giving plenty of ventilation. Corn may be husked as soon as it it is safe to pull it from the stalk, and stored in such a crib in as large a bulk as one has room for, and it will Dot injure in the least. The open floor is what keeps it from heating. There is no need of making a corn-crib narrow at the bottom, far rain will not beat in on a per pendicular side, to do any harm, if the floor is an open one. The middle or front room should have a tight floor and front, as this is the place to shell the corn, keep seeds, etc. The sills should be three and a half feet from the ground, laid upon solid 'posts, set at least three feet in the ground. Sheets of tin the posts at the upper end are better than inverted pans.or flat stones, as such things upon the top of the posts arc liable to be injured, are not easily repaired, and are iu the way. The tin should reach all around the post, and extend down ten inches from the top. Tenons in tho tops ol the posts should be made to enter mortises in the sills. There are two especial benefits iu a crib such as I describe: First, the building has a broad foundation, without being a very large one and is not liable to be turned over by the wind, as is often the case with the Jong, narrow (and narrower bottomed) ones wc often see. Second,. the door is in the middle, making it convenient to fill all tlie three store rooms without either carrying the grain far, or running over much corn. There is no use of more ven tilation over the top tliao the three gable ends afford. The sides of the crib should be well girded, and the strips strongly nailed to them, so that the weight and pressure of the corn cannot open them. Tho floor must also be strong. There should be ten posts under the crib. I think ten by ten feet square the best size for each of the rooms, and that will make room for a good crop, and will hold all of a small, and leave room to pack away any thing that you wish to keep away from rats and mice.” Experience with Fancy Pigs. About a year ago we purchased a pair of pigs, descended from the stock of the Earl of Sefton, in England, for which wc paid in their early infancy S6O, calculating with an utter disregard of the old story of the milk maid in our spelling book, that if the sow would give two litters a year it wou and be reasonable to hope for eight pair of pigs, which, sold at S6O a pair, would produce a gross incomqof S4BO. Os course SBO would be ample for feed and care, and the very handsome profitof S4OO a year would make the investment of S6O a most brilliant one. And now for the result! After a year of most careful and somewhat expensive treatment, duriug which the animals pur chased have grown to fair, but not to astonishing proportions, there has at last been produced a litter of five pigs, four fine ones and one “runt.” Whether owing to the high motile of the mother or to her natural viciousness, whether to pre determined infanticide or to accident, we are unable to say; but this promising family has been reduced, one by one,until now the sum total cf the progeney available for future operations is one pig ! While it still might be possible to sell to a credulous person a pair of those pigs for S6O, we have found it impossible to get an offer of S3O for half a pair. Having in vested in this enterprise, we propose to see it through, but our hope of magnificent results is slightly dimmed, and our plan of future operations will probably confine itself to such tactics as will get back for the whole concern, young and old, a gross sum of S6O, charging the cost of a year’s keep and of baffled hopes to the account of ex perience. This, however, does not prove that the Sefton pigs are not excellent, and probably they arc There is no doubt that much of our misfortune is the result of too long continued in-breeding in the hern from whioU iKo purchase was mado. But tho moral of the tale plainly points to the recommendation,- not to invest large amounts of money in untried breeds of fancy animals, with a confident hope of making a good deal of money by the opera tion. — Agriculturists. Good Cows for Poor Men. Every poor man who can afford to do so, naturally keeps a cow; but lie generally makes the mistake oi keeping a cheap cow, that is, a cow of poor quality. Spending from S4O to S6O for her purchase, he se cures an animal that, on not very abundant food, but still kept at some expense, sup plies the family with enough milk for their use. He considers the operation a profit able one, and undoubtedly it is so. Many poor men would be inclined, we fancy, to think us wild in advising them to pay so much as even SIOO or $125 for an extra, good cow, the best that can be found in the neighborhood; yet we are confident that in a majority of cases, duo care being given to the animal s health, cleanliness, and ample nutrition, the profit would bo very much greater than with an inferior animal. Probably the average of cows kept for tho family use of poor men will not give more than 1,500 quarts of milk per annum, or at the most, 1,800 quarts This amount of milk, in the family ofthc ordinary mechan ic or laborer, is worth five cents a quart for home consumption—say $75 or SBO a year. Out of this sum is to be paid the interest of the animal’s cost, her depreciation in value, and the price of purchased food, which is more or less according to the cir cumstances under which the family live. For $125, even in other districts than those which are chiefly devoted to the keep ing of cows, an excellent animal, frequently a grade Ayrshire or Short-horn, may be purchased, that will give with good care on rich food, not less than 4,000 quarts of milk per annum. Instances are not rare of the yield reaching even 5,000 quarts. W ith such an animal wo will suppose that, as in the previous case, 1,500 quarts are consumed by the family, and are estimated to be worth $75. This leaves 11,500 quarts of milk for sale ; and, in almost every vil lage in [he land, this m Ik may be readily sold at the door for six or eight, and not seldom for ten cents a quart. At the least price—six cents—the total amount of sales would be slso,which would pay for the ex tra food required to keep this larger animal in the best condition, and for the increased interest and depreciation, and leave a hand some profit besides. Any cow must be sheltered, fed, milked and generally at tended to. The amount of labor required in the case of the better animal is in no respect greater than i-n the case of the poorer The profit of the operation is all real profit, and no small account should be made of the greater satisfaction and pleasure that result from full milk-pails than from those half full, from fino cows than from ‘'scrubs.” Tt is a return to that old principle that whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well ; and if it will pay to keep any cow at all it will surely pay to keep the best cow that we can afford to buy. f from the tiew York shipping an/i Commercial Lie.j The Cotton Trade—Southern Prosects. The cotton trade on Doth sides of the Atlantic continues in an anomalous condi tion. Stocks are everywhere running low, with no prospect of replenishment till another cr jp shall ho ready for market, as there is a progressive decrease of receipts at our own ports, while the Indian sup plies promise to fall materially below those of last year, and the minor sources of Egypt, Brazil, &c., afford only a bare average quantity. Although prices are about three cents per pound below the highest point of the season, the staple is still much higher, relatively than goods, many kinds of which are quite as low as before the war, on a gold valuation. With no abatement in the cost of producing goods, it follows that manufacturers must be working without profit, if; indeed, they are not losing money. In the manufac turing districts of England a good many failures have lately occurred, arid the rate of consumption is fully ten thousand bales below what it was in January. Under a normal condition of trade the price of cot ton could hardly fail to materially appre- ciate, as spinners rarely ever so bare of supplies, but as the case now stands, they find it almost impossible to get back a nef dollar for an old one, and hence they are reduced to the necessity of the most rigid economy, in order to make ends meet. The high prices of cotton during the past >ix months have stimulated the planting interest South, and no doubt as large a breadth of land will be seeded as can he afforded under the necessity of an increased devotion to food cror s. In view of the many difficulties which surround cotton culture, the leading Southern journals are giving the farmers and planters the very practical advice not to place all their trust in the great staple. There is an abund ance of land in the South to raise an abund ance of food for home con umption, and cotton enough to supply the wboie world, but, unfortunately, there is an inadequate supply of the right kind of labor. Still, competent Southern auihorities are oj opinion that, with an ordinarily favorable season, tne next crop will not unlikely reach 3,000,000 bales, and may go to 3,250,000 bales. Southern opinion with regard to free labor, too, has been very sensibly modi fied of late. Thus, Mr. Henry A. Wise, of Vir ginia, lately remarked that the South has been more than recompensed for all the trials, suffering and losses incident to the war, by the overthrow of slavery, and substantially the same sentiment is re iterated by some of the prominent Southern journals. To the nation at large, the re suseitation of the old industries of the South and the inauguration of new ones is of the highest importance,and the quick er they become vitalized and quickened, the sooner will national, financial and com mercial prosperity be reached. Enabled to commence tho new year with handsome results of the product of last year's busi ness, the South may well in 1869 grow crops and raise the necessaries of life in such abundance as to place it in indpen dent pecuniary circumstances. The idea has taken firm hold of the planters that under the new condition of things, a smaller area of land better cultivated must be the order of the day. Again, it may fairly be assumed that the freeduien, hav ing a little recovered from the exaggerated ideas naturally entertained upou tbeir emancipation, will work more steadily than heretofore, while the planters will have lean ed that fair wages are, in the end, more profitable than the cost of labor under the old regime. While the Cotton crop will be the great product of the South, there will be increased manufactories erected, and with them will spring up innumerable towns and villages, bringing in their train, without doubt, a higher state of prosperty inevitably than has ever hitherto been reached. From the Washington Chronicle. The Bombay Cotton Crop. We have received a copy of the official report made to the British Government, by Mr. C. F. Forbes, Cotton Commission er, containing reports of the different Gov ernment Collectors, iu regard to the cot ton crop of Bombay l’residency, for the year 1868-69. The report is datod Bom bay, February 16, 1869, and the cotton commissioner making the following sum mary of the reports made to him : The object of publishing this return is to supply the trade with as uear an esti mate as possible of the probable yield of the current season’s crop. The remarks of the collectors regarding almost the whole of the districts will show how unfavorable the season has generality been. In the preceding return publi-lied iu December last, I noticed the very encour aging reports then reaching me with re spect to the cotton crop iu the Dharwar districts. At that time, it gave promise of being an abundant one and of superior quality. But since then it has suffered severely from a eause, which is also purely climatic, viz : the unseasonable prevalence of a dry and scorching easterly wind. I have before now had occasion to notice and report upon partial failures of the cotton crop from this cause, but in this instance it appears to have been general, and to have prevailed ovor tbe whole district. Its sudden and injurious effect upon the strongest cotton plants is more than can bo accounted for by mere want of moisture, or the dryness of the wind ; it would ap pear as if it carried with it some other blighting influence. It is worthy' of notice that the acclimated American cotton is reported as suffering less, and resisting the influence of the blight better, than the indigenous cotton of the country, which shows how firmly and favorably the American plant has taken to the soil and climate of those districts. The prospects of the out-turn from Goozerat are better than they were when the last report was published. More es pecially as regards , the collectorates of Surat and Broach, each of which will, I be lieve, be found to yield nearly an average crop. I observed that the cotton crop along the line traversed by tbe railway was not equal to the general average else where, ami this may have caused unfavor able anticipations In many parts of the interior I saw as fine fields ot cotton as possibly could be desired; and it was singu lar that this was the case in some localities where the wheat and jowaree crops had failed almost to famine standard. The general tenor oi the “remarks by the collectors” would lead to the conclusion that the crop this season will not be more than half an average one, but from what I have myself seen, and from carefully con sidering all the information obtained from other so irees, I am inclined to take a more favorable view of the question, and to estimate the deficiency at r.ot more than twenty-five per cent, as contrasted with the crop of last season, the out turn of which amounted to about twelve hundred and fifty thousand bales for export. F. S.—Since forwarding the above to the press, a further report on the Dharwar crop has just reached me. It dates up to the 13th inst. A favorable change in the weather was reviving the plants. The estimate of loss of quantity iu the American variety is given at twenty per cent, less crop than the plants promised a month ago- But the quality of the staple is also very ma terially affected as the “blight” caught the plants just at the time that the fibre was maturing in the bolls : this latter is looked upon as the worst evil of the two. The native plant has suffered more severe ly; the estimated 10.-s is here given at fifty per cent., but notwithstanding the above, owing to the increase in cultivation the whole crop of these districts will be con siderably in excess ol' that obtained irom them last year. Experiments in Cultivating tlie Irish Votatoe. Owing to indisposition I have not regu larly reported the proceedings of our lit tle club this winter. If able I will try and do more at it in the couple of months left to our “winter session.” Tho question which came up at the last meeting was that of the potato, just now regarded as among tho most interesting. There was nothing said upon the varieties of the potatoe, because the opinions are so com pletely diverse. Ooe variety will produce the most and the best upon-one farm, and another variety most and bes: upon an adjoinirg farm, &c. The first member who spoke, consider ed that potatoes were our most profitable field crop, (a fact which our farmers are but just finding out. ) He annually plant ed an acre in the following manner: we seleoted one acre of good, stiff sod, in the field we intended for corn, and applied to it from twelve to fifteen loads of long barnyard manure, which was spread in the usual manner. When ready to plant wc plowed twice around the patch, aud after raking the manure into the furrow, (with a large rake made for the purpose,) we laid the cuttings or sets on tho manure close to the unturned earth, so that they might come up through the crevice between the furrows ; we then care fully turned a furrow down on them and plowed two more rounds, then raked in the manure and proceeded as before. We al ways selected for seedgood sound potatoes about the size of an egg, and cut them in two, and used from tnem ten to twelve i bushels ol seed per acre. Ihc next member who gave an opinion usually planted from three quarters of an s.cre io one acre, and used the laigetjt of his potatoes for seed, and cut them so as to have at least two eyes in each piece ; never used more then ten bushels of seed tor an acre, liis place for planting was where lie had corn the year before, and after applying about ten loads of manure per acre he plowed the potatoes in every third furrow in t,hQ same manner as the member who spoke first. He had tried both methods, but preferred the one which he now practices. In both these plans the potatoes are removed in time to give place to a crop of wheat without any extra man ure, and always produce a fine crop Another member plants in las,'year’s corn-fieid, but plows the ground well in the I all, and m tho Spring strikes out furrows three feet apart, and after placing his manure in, then lays his Bets cut tide down on the manure and covers them with a hoard drawn diagonally to the furrows which are about six inchos in depth. Uses seed about the size of a hen’s egg, and smaller, at the rate of about ten bushel’s per acre ; cuts the large ones in two, and il much smaller than a hen’s egg, plants whole. Last year he tried two raws, one planted with the largest potatoes cut so as to have three eyes in a set or piece, and the other with his smallest potatoes (none more than an inch in diameter), both at the same depth and in the same man ner, and could detect no difference in the yield, nor eould his hired man, who did os-, know of the difference in seed. He had found it beneficial to roil the cut sets in gypsum before planting and applied unleached wood ashes to the rows as soon as the plants were up; this he thought kept the weeds from getiog a bt*rt. lie kept his potatoes through the Win ter in a large covered bin in the cellar: this bin would hold about two hundred bushels, and was so constructed that the bottom and sides were ahlut six inches from the floor/nd walls. He had found from experience that po tatoes would keep better if no light could reach them. One year he had more than his pin would hold, and threw the remain der into one corner of another cellar where they froze solid; as soon as this was di-- covered they were well covered with old clothes, carpets, &c , and came out in the j apriDg as sound as if they had not been j frozen, but a small portion planted for ex- 1 perience did not proto. Another member had experimented in the size of the seed and manner of plant- 1 ing, and came to the conclusion that it was most profitable to use medium-sized pota- I toes cut in four pieces and placed eight or ten inches apart in the furrow, lie had j tried large ones cut in two and in four,and j with hut two eyes in a piece; with medium- I sized ones cut in two, and planted wlfiJc and with small onus planted without cuS tiug, and could detect little different* n the yield. In each case the " “Part at which the sets were LinnWu pen^c^-upon l^c number of eyes an eve wilt con j alnc(i - He considers that whether it p ' oduce a K°°d stalk on matter nr a 1 168 fr° m a large, mediura eutting shn D M P ot atoe ; thinks that the cutting should always be governed ffiv the number of eyes and has found potatoes of the size of a hen’s egg with but two eyes, and others of the same size with more than a dozen. He thfnks that one stalk every eight inches is enough and if we plant more than two eyes in this distance we will have too many stalks to produce well; but to insure a plant he pre fers to plant at least two eyes in a place and eight or ten inches asunder. Another member had applied various top-dressings to his potatoes with varied ettect. Had used plaster, ashes, the two mixed, salt, salt aod ashes, salt and lime aud salt, ashes and lime, and in point of economy preferred the latter lie used nve bushels of salt, ten of line and as he= ha r nd an aCre ’ aDd aPPIieJ ,0 tilc hllis by He always buried his potatoes in the field or some other convenient place „ long, narrow mounds, taking care never • tl ‘ c Potatoes more than four ffeet thick, and to leave openings in the mound mm l eohl weather had set in. He finds it economical to plant pumpkins in the rows among the potatoes the only objection being that the vines are somewhat in the way of dig'-iu*-' this potatoes. “ By vote it was resolved that tbe best a lT\ e T oraica , ! p!an t 0 raisc Potatoes P; to plant them in last year’s corn ground w th a good coat of long straw manure cither in the furrow or spread broadcast; used medium-sized potatoes cufin two or four seed and dropped eight or ten inches apart in the row An acre should yield one hundred and fifty bushels of market able potatoes and twenty-five of small ones suitable for Hock. Iu addition to this one ot the members raises from six to eight cart-loads of pumpkins without any addi tional expense except planting, say fifty cents for the lot. 3 y Some of the member;, are very particu lar to lay the potatoes with the cut side of the seed down, but I do not consider this trouble necessary ; but drop them irom a ■ g ' -„ t ! iere is manurc in the furrow tney will lay where they fall, without bounciug, and all the difference which I can detect is that they do not come up quite so eveu as wheu they are laid care fully. The general rule with us is to dig as soon as the tops are dead, and immediately prepare the ground for wheat.—German town Telegraph. Col. Lockett’s Sjstem—No. 2. Fertilizers - Tit sir Preparations and how Deposited— Organization and Discipline of forces. From the Albany News t ‘JO th. TIIE ECONOMY’ OF SYSTEM. In our first article we described the modus operandi of preparing the soil, planting the seed, and cultivating tlie crop. We now return to the character of the fertilizers ns* and, their preparation and quantity ; the organization and discipline of the forces engaged, and the economy of system, It may not be amiss to promise by an nouncement that Colonel Lockett’s system, as well as the materials he uses, have the recommendation of well ordered experience, scientific investigation and practical illus tration. His experiments are the result of careful and intelligent study, and he never theorises or advances till he is fortified); the unerring principle ot common sense, and a perfect mastery of the subject before him. Acting upon the homely, but wise apothegm ot Davy Crockett, ho first as sures himself that he is on tho right track and then goes ahead, with almost certainty of success. He procures the genuine Peruvian guano from the importer’s agent, and thus avoids the risk of commercial manipula tion and commercial imposition. With this he mixes equal parts of raw-bone and land-plaster—pounds till thoroughly pnl-J verised, and mixes with the exactness oil the apothecaries’ compounding of medi-l eines. ] Thus prepared, with his guano distribu-1 tors, before mentioned, gauged to distrib-1 ute the desired quantity, he puts it from two hundred and fifty to three hundred pounds to the acre, according to the strength or necessity of the land. As before stated, tins deposit is at the bottom of the deep furrow, and bedded upon with the Watt plow. As soon as a field is thus prepared—and they are not mere patches, hut broad plains, containing from one hundred to eight hundred acres—the whole force re turns to the firbt row, the plows are laid aside and tho planters and harrows take their places. Ihe planter and harrow being both light, and requiring but little exertion to keep them on the centre oi the bed, the mules and negroes seem to regard the work oi planting as only pleasant ex ercise, and by the time the field is gone over, are rested and refreshed for the heavier labor pf laying off, fertilizing and bedding the next field. Fcrfect system governs every moment and tbe intricate machinery of a Naviga tor’s chronometer runs with scarcely moro order, precision or certainty, while the organization and discipline of the labor is equal, in all essential respects, to the highest standard of military regulation. When the cotton is ready fur the sweeps, as described in our first article, tbe sweeps are numbered from 1 to 40, 50 or GO as the case may be, and No. 1 takes the first row planted, No. 1 1 follows iu the third row, No. 3is tbe fifth row—and so on till the last sweep is entered. No. 1 leads and No. 2 follows at a distance just suffi’ cient to allow No. Ito turn as fie—No. 2 —drives out at the end of the row. No? u follows No. 2 at the same distance, anil so of all the rest. This regulation is very like a military movement, and those who remember the drill of the battalion will at once recognize the Echelon monoevre. When No. 1 has finished his two rows he drives across the head of the rows till he passes No. 40, if that be tho number of sweeps, and takes the next row, and as each, in succession, comes out he follows No. 1, and again leaving two rows, turns iu, and the same beautiful echelon figure is repeated, and re-repeated till the feuce on the opposite side of the field is reached. When the crop is gone over with the sweep3 in this way, they return to tho starting place, and the same order is re peated—the same numbers taking the same rows as before. No. 1 is required to go ahead, and none are permitted to drive in advance of him ; and the same rule is ob.erved to the end of the line—each keeping next to, but not getting ahead of', the number next preced irg him, nor falling behind tho next below him. This confines every number to his own appointed rows throughout the nlantation, and from the first to the fast goiug over, an.rj i uahles the manager at a glance to discover the slothful and detect the wind less. Every number must keep in its place, or the chain is broken, and the figure is so marred that the machinery jars and jostles, and the cause is easily traced. Organization of the Bain bridge, C'uth bert and (lolumhus Stall road. We learn from a private source, that a meeting of the Stockholder- engaged in this enterprize, was held in B unbridge on the 19th inst, and was numerously at tended. Subscriptions to the eapi> al stock, ex ceeding $50,00(1 having been registered, as authorized by the charter, steps were taken to perfect the organization of the corn | pany. An election was accordingly entered I into with the following results: Col. R Sims, Col. A. Hood, I. K. Bar mina, M. I. Atkins and B. M. Bruton, Esqrs., were chosen Directors. The Directory then unanimously elected B. M. Bruton, Esq , President of the or ganization, Win. i\J. Turnbin, Secretary | and Treasurer, Col. A. Hood, legal ad vigor, and Col. C. C. Crews,General Agent and Supervisor. Col. F. M. Pepper was also authorized to receive subscriptions to the capital stock from the people of Cal houn county. The indications are most cheering for the successful and rapid prosecution of the work. —Luthbert Appeal , Railroad Entfui’rise South.—Tt is i well that our own hoii;. and other Geor gia Railroads, sLuoid note the following ! which we elip from the Louisville Courier - \ Jou nal of the 17th inbtant. “Ex Gov. Patton, of Alabama, Pres ! idept of the Decatur and Montgomery j Railroad, who is now in this city, informs j ug that this enterprise is being pushed for ! ward vigorously, the entire line, one hun dred and eighty-three uides, being now un \ der contract. It is to to finished toLime- I kiln Station, sixty-two mjles from Mont- S goumry, in October, 1871, to Elytou in ; April, 1879, and to Decatur in December, I 1872 Gov. Patton is also V ice-President I of the Alabama and Chattanooga Rail road, running diagonally from Chatta j uooga to .Meridian, three hundred miles of which-—ball the distanoc—is already ' graded. Sixty-six miles of the road will he in running order in six y days, it being worked from both ends. Louisville is inter ested in the success of hath of these roads, as they traverse rich iron and coal fields which will develop wealth and trade that no city can afford to disregard. Gov. Pat ton is not soliciting *id in this city, his ar rangements for the completion of the road being ample.” In appointing Cres-well and Bout-well to positions in his Cabinet Grant has unmistakably demonstrated that, he “loved not wisely, hut two Well.”—N. Y . Leader
