Funding for the digitization of this title was provided by R.J. Taylor, Jr. Foundation.
About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1866-1877 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 18, 1869)
Citrotricle & Sentinel.! W KUN BSDAI MORJUXb. AUGUST 18. Hfinofracj-An 111-timed Dlscnsslon. It occurs to us that no more inopportune time could have been selected than the present for the discussion which has bec-n recently sprung by some of our leading j State papers in regard to the life or death of the great National Democratic Party, j leaving out of view entirely the reasona bleness or unreasonableness of the charges j which have been made against that party \ \>y & few of' our Southern contemporaries, evil and nothing but evil to the country must follow a.continuation of such discus sion at this time. It will not be denied that the great States of New York, Pennsylvania and Uhio control the elections of the country. In these three States the Democratic party has, since the close of the war, stood firmly by the principles of Btates Rights and State Sovereignty as defined and laid down and supported by both the old Whig and ; Democratic parties. The Democracy of i these States and, so far as we have been able to judge, the entire Northern and j Western Democracy have fought, inch by inch, and step by step, the monstrous ad vances which have been made by the Radi cals toward the destruction of our federa tive" system, and the erection upon its ruins of a strong, irresponsible consoli dated Government, entirely free from and independent of the several State govern ments. In this constitutional warfare the Dem ocrats have been cordially assisted and ably supported by the old line silver grey Whigs in all the Northern and Western States. With a patriotism and devotion to principle rarely exhibited in this coun try, these Constitutional Whigs have abandoned their old party associations and cut loose from many of their old political friends and identified themselves with their life-long political antagonists, because the latter party offered the only compacts or ganized and available machinery by which their old principles could be defended and sustained. It is true, that so far, complete success has not crowned the efforts of the true Democracy. But we insist that this want of success cannot be fairly attributed to any unfaithfulness to their old and time honored principles. Aided and supported as they have been, by the old line Whigs, they have waged a war upon Radicalism in all its most hideous forms, which not only entitle them to our respect and grati tude, but which demands from us a full and cordial support. They have been stricken awn m their own section, mainly beeause they would not join in the hue and cry raised against the South; they have been denounced, villified and traduced be cause of their strict adherence to the prin ciples of the Constitution. They have, in many instances, failed of success because they would not abate one jot or tittle of their opposition to Radical misrule and outrage upon the people of the South, when by yielding only a tacit acquiescence to Radical iniquity they might have se cured a portion of the. local and Federal power. The Democratic party, largely recruited, as it now is, from tlic host of the material of the old State Rights Whig party, al fords the only hope to the American peo ple for a restoration of the Government to the principles and policy of the Constitu tion. They are making a glorious fight now iu Pennsylvania and Ohio. They have brought into the field their best men, and, what is better still, they are making no compromise with Radical Jacobins. The fight in those two States is made upon the clear and finely cut lines which have majkod their disagreements with tho Radi cal party for the last ten years. While negro suffrago and the adoption of the Fif teenth Amendment would have little local effect upon them, they are showing a glori ous devotion to just principles in stoutly and bitterly opposing those unconstitution al schemes. There is a growing discontent at the North with the present rule, and thousands of what are called moderato Re publicans would desert tho standard of the Radical party and cordially unite with the Democracy if the latter would yield some of their Stato Rights dogmas and abaudon the constitutional doctrine of State sover eignty. If the Northern Democrats were actuated by no higher motives than of party supremacy and control they could at this time, when tho discontent with Grant's administration, North and South,' is show ing itself in marked and decided utterances, by making slight concessions of principle and adopting a shuffling diplomacy, secure thousands of Republican votes. Rut, true to principle and their past history, they spurn such an unholy alliance. Is it not, then, to say the least of it, ex ceedingly ungracious in iho Southern peo ple at this particular juncture, to throw obstacles in the path of our Northern friends by hinting, and that very plainly, that they have been untrue to ns in the past, and that they will contioue to bn so in the future ? Is it not ungracious, un generous, unjust and wrong for Southern men to taunt tho Ohio and Pennsyl vania Democracy with fighting over dead issues because they adhere to tho princi ples of tho Constitution? Should we not hang our heads in shame for questioning the propriety of their continued opposition to negro rulo—to the unlimited and unre strained power of Congress on the fran chise question ? We say that the ques tion of suffrage is not a dead issue. It has not been settled that negroes shall rule and govern the Southern States. So long as the Northorn Democratic party main tains its organization and adheres to its true faith —so loDg as the Southern peo ple are true to themselves and their country and tho Constitution—so long as all parties in all sections of this great coun try who are opposed to an unbridled, un checked despotic government ruled by the mob. or by au autocrat, shall contend for the couimou good against the party now in power, so long will thero be hope for the restoration of tho Government to its origi nal simplicity and purity as a limited fed erative Republican system. Rut it we abaudou the Democratic parly because of its adherence “to dead issues” where under the heaven shall we cast our voice and lot? Is it proposed to re-enact tho fatal blunder of the Philadelphia Ray mond-Johnson Convention and attempt to orgauize a new party with new principles, aud a new name ? If this be the plan pro posed we ask, in all seriousness, who is to compose such a party—what are to be its principles- and from whom will it be re cruited ? Would not such anew party have to re ly almost entirely upon the present Demo cratic party for its recruits ? Is it seri ously believed that a large, compact, homo geneous influential organization like the Democratic party, will dissolve its organi zation, disband its members, and renounce its life-long principles for the doubtful benefits of anew organization, which its strongest supporters can only claim as likely to b£ successful ? There [are too rnauy memories of past successful conflicts, too much of pride, and too muches devo tion to old ties clustering around the ban ner of the great national Democratic party to permit, for a moment, the belief that they will all be surrendered and abandon ed without the overruling influence of an irrepressible emergency should imperative ly demand such a sacrifice. If we look to the Republican party, wbat signs of success do we witness there ? When in the .history of Parties in this country, has a party flushed with victory and in undisputed control of the Federal and nearly all the State governments, vol untarily abandoned its power and dis solved its organization ? It may be, and doubtless is truo, that a few disappointed Republicans— those who have failed to secure their share of the public spoils in the recent distribution of the Grant gift enterprise—would cast their fortunes with the new party. These men are mere mal contents, and would give to the concern neither strength or respectability. The truth is, that the attempt to raise anew party now would not only fall stillborn, but would inevitably bring its authors and abettors to political ruin and disgrace. I V.’i at. it' the National Democratic party I has failed in some pailiculars to carry out and faithfully subserve the great interests ; committed to its care by the American | people ? Shall we find a remedy for its supposed shortcomings in the total de struction of its organization ? Does not a ; sound and true policy dictate that we should rather correct its errors and bring it back to its original, just and constitutional pathway by a generous forbearance to ward its faults, and a strong and cordial support in whose matters and upon those issues, where it is unquestionably right ? The South, at least, is in no condition to cast away old and tried friends for the doubtful benefits to be derived from new ones, lately our bitterest enemies. If i the national Democracy, backed and - strengthened by the support aDd influence of the very flower of the old Whig party — men like Fillmore, Adams, Johnson and j Campbell—canrfot be relied on to support and faithfully maintain the principles of free government as expounded by the foundersof our complex system in the Vir ginia and Kentucky resolutions, where shall we turn for success and support? Instead, theD, of even questioning among ourselves the possibility of a coming neces sity, which shall force us into new alliances and bring us into associations with new friends, let i;s all thnw the whole weight of our undivided moral support in favor of the true and gallant men who are now struggling so manfully and cheerfully for the overthrow of Radicalism in the great central States of Pennsylvania and Ohip. While it is true that we cannot actively and directly aid our friends there, we can in directly give them a moral support which will not only be gratifying but at the same time tend to strengthen them in the present qpnflict. So far, then, as we are concerned we shall say nor do nothing which can, by any pos sibility, be tortured into a suspicion that we are lacking confidence in the patriotism, virtue and integrity of the National De mocracy. George If. Pendleton. The Democratic Executive Committee of Ohio has secured the success of their party in th<j pending Gubernatorial contest by the selecti jn of George 11. Pendleton as their candidate in lieu of Gen. Rosecrans who declines to run. The name of Pendleton is alone a tower of‘strength. If all the wings of the Democracy cordially support him his elec tion is certain. We believe that there has been heretofore some disagreement be tween him and one of the leading Ohio Democrats; but we were informed in New York last Summer that these personal dif ferences had been satisfactorily adjusted, and that the entente cordiale was fully re established between them. We are quite sure that the distinguished gentleman to whom we allu '.e is too good a Domocrat—• too devoted to principle—to allow anything of a personal nature to prevent his hearty endorsement of the aotion of the State Ex ecutive Committee. If the Ohio Democracy are true to them selves and the great principles involved in the present issue they can roll up a majori ty for Pendleton which will make the dry bones of Radicalism rattle with dismay. The young Eagle of the West is still the coining man. Trade nf Great liritaln and tlie United Slates. The United States Economist gives the following tablo showing the grand total of imports, exports and reexports of mer chandize and specie and bullion of Great Britain and the United States, for the ten years ended 1868 —all values in specie: . Trade of Trade of Great Britain. * United States, f At $5 to Year. Pounds. the £. Dollars. 1858 353,488,077 1,707,443,385 007,257,571 1850 407,001,281) 2,038,171,446 095,567,602 1800 423,503,188 2,117,825,940 762,288,550 1801 410.670,215 2,083,381,075 750,221,288 1802 452,807,777 2,204,338,885 502,84 ,472 1803 5 1,819,901 2,509,099,605 519,461,010 1804 533,432,382 2,092,161,810 691,789,122 1805 520,458,590 2,632,292,980 476,905,204 1800 590,121,706 2,950,008,530 877,396,359 1807 539,131,230 2,693,050,160 766,095,470 1808 568,172,838 2,840,864,190 748,393,088 *l’he value of foreign merchandize trans shipped (about $30,000,000 per annum) is not iucluded. The year is that ended March 31. t’fhe value of foreign merchandize trans shipped (about $17,000,000 per annum) is included up to 1868, but it is not included in 1868. The statistics of the United Stutcs do not include transactions at ports under blockade during the late war, but include all transactions before and after blockade. The year is that ended June 30. The figures of this table disappoint us. Catching the current popular idea from the Northern press, we have been of the opin ion that British power and British su premacy in commerce was decidedly on the wane, and that Uncle Sam, wich his great Republic, was fast reducing the British Lien to the absolute subjection of a third or fourth rate power. The tables of the Economist do not, however, show it. If there is truth in those figures, the trade of Great Britain has increased more than fifty per cent, in the last ten years, and is now more than three times the amount of the trade of the United States, which seems to have progressed slowly. The greatest depression of trade was during the closing year of the war, 1865, and tho greatest expansion the following year; the average of these two years ap proximates the general average of the dc oaue, however Tho following table gives a view of the Imports of New York in groups of six months: Importations. Sixm'nthsonded Junc3o, ’671135,636,383 Six “ “ Dec. 31, ’67, 116,050,405 Six “ “ June 30, ’6B, 127,567,726 Six “ “ Dec. 31, ’6B, 122,923,144 Six “ “ June 30, ’6O, 172,204,538 By this table it appears the Imports of ’69 are $44,000,000 greater than in 1868, and $36,000,000 greater than 1867. The current year, therefore, promises to be a great increase upon former years. The following table exhibits the annual Import trade, and the gold customs revenue at the port of New York : Fiscal Import Customs Per year. entries. revenues. cent. 1867 $279,786,455 $119,886,260 44 1868 243,618,131 110,152,050 45 1869 295,127,682 121,313,373 41 It will be seen that the greater the im ports the greater the flow of gold is to the Treasury, and the greater the resources of the Secretary of the Treasury for paying the interest on National bonds, and for reducing the national debt. The policy of the administration favors the im portation ot foreign goods by raising the market value ot the government bonds in foreign markets, to which they are ship ped in payment for importations. It re mains to be seen whether such a poliey can be maintained for any length of time. So long as the South refrains from going in debt for these foreign importations, so long the people of the South can watch the game without fear or interest as to the final issue. Don't Believe It. ' A correspondent of the I'ress, writing fri m Washington, says that “Major Wof ford, Postmaster at Corinth, Mississippi, and Green Adams, District Attorney for the Southern District of that State, both of whom are known as prominent Dent men, will soon be suspended from their respective offices. Wofford will be remem bered as the chief fugleman of the Dent movement, if not as its originator. The assurance of these removals discourages the Conservatives and likewise encourages the Radicals from Mississippi.” In the same issue of the Pi ess we find the statement that the President, upon re turning to Washington the day before from his trip to the watering places, went to the house of Judge Dent where he will reside during his temporary stay at the Capital. Grant has shown his partiality for the Grant family too plainly to give plausi bility to this statement of the Press in rela tion to Mississippi affairs. Doubtless he favors the Radical wing of his party in that State, and would like to have it succeed if its success could be accomplished without detriment to the Grant-Dent family. But as between his family and his party, the Great Ulysses does not halt on principle. He is emphatically a Grant man. Faisc Fatkid Cotton. Tkt a recent meeting of the Cotton Manu facturers’ aod Planters' National Associ ation the prominent subject of discussion seems to have been false packed cotton. Several of the members declaimed in un measured terms against the general habit of planters in mixing water, sand, ami other foreign substances with the cotton in the process of baling. One person, an in dividual somewhat notorious in this section on account of certain shrewd speculations in cotton just after the war, a Mr. Garsed, of Pennsylvania, stated that of thou sands of balesf he had handled since the war hardly one per cent came up to tho standard. Another equally honest and truthful member is reported to have said that as a general rule planters thr w buckets of water in the bales and sprinkled sand on the wet cotton while it was being packed. Similar statements were made by other members of tho As sociation. We notice that several of our State ex changes have copied this slander upon the cctton planters without uttering a word of dissent, thereby, to some extent at least, endorsing these wholesale and utterly false charges. There is not a respectable man in the South connected with the cotton trade —there is not a single respectable planter who does not know that false packed cotton, so-called, is a mere incident of our very primitive and deficient modus operand's in preparing the crop for market. Planters who make from fifty to three hundred bales of cotton have but one gin bouse and run but one gin. The work of ginning is pressed with great industry so as to keep up that work with the picking. In a rainy season it is almost impossible to prevent mixing what is called storm cot ton with the clean and better grades. This mixing is accidental, and is a result mainly of what we have already spoken of in rela tion to our very imperfect and narrow facilities for housing tlieerop. We ventureto say that out of the I wenty-five or thirty thou sand cotton planters in Georgia, a well au thenticated charge of intentional false pack ing, such as was alluded to aud seriously commented upon in the late meeting of the Cotton Manufacturers’ Association, cannot be successfully made against one dozen in the entire State. Any one at all familiar with the mode of gathering the crop, adopted from necessity by all planters, that it makes it extremely convenient for a “lazy man and brother” to put water, sand,or a few rocks in the baskets while picking. These baskets are regular ly overhauled and examined at night when the packers come iu from work, but where a number of laborers are employed this examination is necessarily more.or less superficial and imperfect. A few baskets containing I'orcign substances will occa sionally escape detection and their contents be dumped into the common heap in the gin-house. If much water is put in the baskets, when the cotton is thrown up in bulk, a heating process is brought on and the result is that the lint in the immediate vicinity of the Wet cotton is injured. When this cotton is taken up by the hand detail ed to feed the Gin, it very often happens that the inveterate habits of laziness which cling to the negro as a f'reedman as strong ly as when lie was a slave, causes him to throw in the injured cotton along with the good. This cannot possibly be avoided by tho most honest planter unless lie remains all the time at the Gin and watches himself every basket lull as it is thrown into the hopper. The sand and rocks which may be thrown in the cotton while-it is being picked to increase its weight, are separated by the Gin from the lint and cannot get into the lint room except in minute parti cles—not enough to increase tho weight but just enough to injure the color of the lint. The charge which has been most fre quently made against planters by our cot ton factors is not that they intentionally put foreign substances in the bales, but that they exercise too little vigilance in preventing different grades of cotton being mixed in the packing process. When this is the case they call them mixed cottons. Under our present system, and with our present facilities for housing and prepar ing the crop for market, this accident is likely to occur more or less frequently,inpro portion to the personal attention tho plant er gives to his ginning operation-!. When the negro can be made industrious, honest, faithlul and careful, then mixed cottons will no longer be seen in the market. Since the war false-packed cotton has been somewhat more common • than pre viously. This is owing to two reasons. One is that the high price of cottou has induced a class of men, not planters, to embark in its cultivation as a temporary expedient to make money rapidly. These people rent land at high prices, give exces sive interest to their factors for the use of money to make the crop with, and pgomise high rates for labor. They are not cotton planters. They are not permanently identified in interest or feeling with planters. They are essentially cotton bummers, and oare little or nothing about the results of their operations so long as they make money at.d make it quick. Before recla mations can he made upon them they are cither non ist inventus, or if four.d, have made fraudulent conveyances to cheat I heir areditors and avoid responsibility for their false packing. The other reason why false packed cotton is now more frequent than before the war, is found in the fact that, owing toimpecuniosity, many planters have been com celled to farm out their lands, or a portion of them, to the negroes. | Others have been, and are still working, on shares with them. In most instances where planting ha§ been carried on under these conditions the negroes have had almost the sole and entire control of the preparation of the crop for market. They have been'apt to learn the trick of false i packing, and have, in many instances, es caped detection until the crop has been j divided and the planter’s portion sent for ward to rnaiket. In such cases the plant ers receive the blame for the misconduct j of the laborers. But, making uue and proper allowances fur these ocousional frauds, we deny, and the books of .southern cotton factors will bear us ouj in the denial, that anything like the amount of false-packed cotton mentioned by Garsed has bean sent to market. We deny that there is such a ; habit, and more especially that it is a gen eral one. We have felt bound to enter this protest, on the part of the planters, against the wholesale charges made by such men as Garsed and hisassociates. The entire body planters, as a class, are quite as- honest, upright and honorable as the Cotton Manufacturers ’ National Association. ' Since writing the above we Lave received a pamphlet copy of the proceedings of the National Association of Cotton Manufac turers and Planters, held in the St. Nicho las’ Hotel, New York, on the 30th of June last. We give below some extracts j from the debate on false packed cotton. It will be seen that Garsed asserts that of the thousands —we presume very many— of bales of Cotton he has handled since 1861, hardly one per cent, has come up to the quality of the • sample. Every Cotton dealer in the United States knows that this statement is untrue : Mr. Garsed : I should like to know what Southern gentlemen here have to say on this question, of all others the most serious , to the future of the cotton business. I don’t -believe one bale in fifty of “mid •dling” turns out the same inside as out side. We are told it is a matter of the overseer and the negro, but if we give short measure, it is our fault—no negro, no overseer for us. You can bring a bale of tow from ex- j treme Russia in better condition than you can briDg a bale from anywhere. In China or India cotton, one layer does not vary from another one-tenth of a grain, and it all has marks inside by which it can be traced; but of the thousands of bales of cotton I have handled since IS6I, and I j have kept a very close account, hardly one j per cent has been according to standard, to say nothing of the mud and dirt. Now will Col. Wesson let us hear from Missis sippi ? Col. Wesson : I cannot defend the cot- < ton planter in all things. Indeed,l neverdo anything but what I think morally right, j There is too much truth in what the gen tleman says about false packing. It is done ! all around me, but it is very hard to catch the offender. I tried last Summer, but did not succeed. It is a common practice now to wet the cotton inside, or to wet a pile of sand, roll it in a fleece cf cotton, and put that in the middle of the bale. In the 1 case where I detected it,the cotton was rat's-, f ed by one man and sent to another man's ! gin, and the negroes put it up there, so we could not reach it. There is a remedy which most of you, gentlemen, may adopt. You may buy your cotton in the interior, and save very much of the loss, the drayages, the insur ance, and commissions to which it is sub jected in passing through the cities. Eve ry- time it is resold it is resampled Some ol our folks apply the word “stealing” to it, and I don’t know but that it is a good word, for it is taken out for the purpose of gain, i have heard of a man who made 600 bales of cotton in one season by sam pling. Mr. Saunders, of Tennessee : I should recommend to parties to buy their cotton at the seaboard rather than in the interior ! towns. Cotton cannot be examined well I unless it is bored clear through. The dis-1 ference of cotton in the same bales arises frequently now from there being different varieties in the same gin-house. Under the new or squad system of farming, each squad puts its cotton by itself in the house and they gin by turns. Under the old system, each grade, first, second and last picking, was ginned separately; now a squad may not have onough o. either one to make a separate bale, and the different kinds are put together. False packing is much more common in India than in \ inerica. This I could show, it I had time, from the reports of the Cotton Sup ply Association. If you bore a bale well ; you will find if there is wet cotton or too ! much trashy cotton in it. Col. Wesson : It is very important, this 1 examining deep. They call it “catching theooon,”in Georgia, but the more di rectly you deal with the planters the bet ter. If you buy the bales of Mr. Smith, in Columbus or Jackson, and it is sent right to your mill, and you find it false packet}, Mr. Smith’s honor is touched; an explanation and reclamation follow. When you buy at the seaboard, it has passed through so many hands that you can t tell which Mr. Smith is responsible. I have opened the past year twenty odd bales of cotton that had rolls of sand in the middle, but it bad gone through too many hands. I could not tell which put the sand in. Mr. Garsed : I alluded to China, not India cotton. Mr. Saunders : Mr. Garsed will buy no more China cotton for many years, if ever. The past season China imported from Great Britain 235,000,000 yards of' cot ton goods, and did not export to Great Britain a single pound ofcotton. India and China jointly imported 1,508,000 bales ol cotton goods, and did not export over 1,420,000 bales of cotton. Mr. Nichols : We labor under an enor mous disadvantage. Cotton is put up at the South for export, properly and in light bagging. When it is put up for a North ern manufacturer, there is the strongest temptation to put on as much iron and heavy bagging as possible. Wc want the united action of every Board of Trade, and of every community where cotton is used. If New York and the New England States can be induced to pass an enact ment suggested by this Association (and they unquestionably can be), it will be im possible to sell cotton without deducting the tare. They cannot get it from the Englishman, and they cannot then get it from us. It will be seen from the above extracts that not only are the planters charged with the general habit of false packing Cotton, but an equally false and absurd charge is made by Mr. Nicholas that planters pre pare tbeir Cotton differently for the North ern and Foreign markets. Now we ven ture to say that of the entire crop of Georgia there are not a dozen planters who have the slightest idea where the crop will be taken for manufacturing. The idea that we attempt to give the Plnglish manufacturer tho advantage over the Yankee mill-owner is near akin to the pretended Radical opinion that we are Rebels still. Mr. Nichols is doubtless a political Radical demagogue of the Butler- Suniner School, and wishes to wring into the discussions of the association a little toil politics. Our space is too limited to permit us to follow this subject farther. Our object is simply to repel the imjust and false aspersion cast upon the Southern plant ers by those “Lowell Lords.” Teachers’ Convention. Atlanta, Ga., August 11, 1869. Editors Chronicle k Sentinel : The Georgia Teachers’ Association con-- voned this morning in this city at the City Hall. No quorum present. On this fact being announced Mr. Mallon, of Savannah, moved that the members present resolve themselves iuto a “Teachers’ Convention.” Adopted. On motion, Dr. Tucker, of Mer cer University, was chosen Chairman, and Mr. Janes, of Atlanta High School, Secre tary. On motion of Dr. Bonneb, President Wesleyan Female College, at Macon, the Constitution of the old Association was read. Mr. Mallon, of Savannah Public Schools, moved the appointment of a committee of three to amend the Constitution. Motion carried, and Messrs. Mallon, Bonnell and Lewis, w:rc appointed. During the absence of the Committee, Dr. Alexander Means, by invitation, ad dressed the assembly, which was honored by the 'resence of one young lady. (Wouldn’t ic help the cause greatly if all ladies were to manifest the interest we are sure they feel in this great work ? I think so.) The address of the venerable doctor was characteristic aud replete with wholesome advice to teachers and people. He com menced teaching when he was eighteen years of age and has been engaged in the work fifty years. During that time he has imparted instruction to eight thousand young men and women. Alluding to immigration schemes, he termed it, at best, “a great and hazardous experiment.” He urged teachers to be faithful to their high trust. Intelligence and virtue in the people can withstand the shock of war, and surmount every other obstacle, hence he would counsel the sustentation of schools all over the land. The Committee returned and reported amendments, which were adopted. An election for permanent officers re sulted as follows : President. —Dr. H. 11. Tucker, Presi nt Mercer University. Vice-Presidents. —Dr J. M. Bonnell, President Wesleyan Female College; Prop. Leroy Brown, State University; Dr. Alex Means, Emory College; Prop. G. J. Orr, President Southern M. F- College. Secretary. —Prof. B. Mallon, of Savannah. Treasurer. — W. D. WILLIAMS, Acade my of the Blind, Macon. On motion of Prof. Orr, a paper on “Popular Education in Georgia,” by Martin Y. Calvin, of your city, was read The report of Mr. C. was, on motion of of Dr. Bonnell, made the special order for debate to-morrow (Thursday) morning, immediately after the reading of the min utes. On motion adjourned until 3 o’clock p. m. The Convention at adjournment was very full.- a very intelligent body of teach ers. Loraine. Due Hart Academy. Jefferson County, August 11,1869. Editors Chronicle <£- Sentinel : After having published the full and rich correspondence of “H. G. W.” describing graphically the protracted literary feast at Athens (which, by the way, is fast becom ing to Georgia what Athens of old was to Greece), you will doubtless have some slight hesitation about noticing the annual ■examination of a little Academy situated about thirteen miles from the county seat, and which, for want of a better name, I shall call Due Hart Academy. This affair, though small, showed that progress was not confined to wholesale educational es tablishments, but even in the retired neighborhood of the Piny Woods educa tion was appreciated, and no small effort was being put forth to secure it. Having erected a commodious building the pat rons of thi3 School desired to have as many friends as possible to witness their modest exhibition, andsee, in the neatness of their Academy, a proof of that high regard which they entertained for the cause of learning. Accordingly the public was informed that a large barbecue would be made an addition to the exercises of the School. About six hundred, or perhaps more, manifestly accepted the invitation, as they were present “to look, to listeD, and to learn and I may add that a good many showed that they had come with the full intention of eating also. The teacher, Mr. H., in examining his classes, was promptly and correctly an swered by them, and general satisfaction seemed to pervade the minds of the parents of his pupils with regard to their progress. Several speeches, compositions and dialogues gave additional interest te the affair ; and in them the life and wit of the moral country was displayed. The dinner was emphatically good. Mutton, pork and fowls abounded : a few of the delicacies such as pies aoJ cakes— plain and iced-were in the reach of all. Everything was provided to make the affair pleasant. I forgot to mention two speeches made on the occasion, the one by Rev. P., and the other by a well-known legislator of this county, Col. S., to whose liberality the patrons of the School owe much for the success with which they have met iu sustaining the same. O’B. OUK TRAVKLLIXG COBRESPO.N'DE.NCE. On the Wing, August 12, 1869. Editors' Chronicle & Sentinel: From the tenor of the reports I fully ex pected, on my arrival at Augusta, to find business perfectly prostrate, and its vota ries all in idleness, but in this.l was agreea bly disappointed. The passenger coaches on the Georgia Railroad were quite crowd ed, and I did not ask the meaning, know ing that this was a common thing. The supper tables of the spacious and beauti ful saloon of the Globe. Hotel were thronged with ladies and gentlemen, some, perhaps, wayside travellers, others on business in the city. The streets presented quite an air of vigorous business life; none of this wild anl erratic rushing to and fro, but a firm and dignified manner that marks the wisdom and moderation conducive to permanent prosperity. The people quite distant from Augusta (pardon the digression) are entertaining a favorable opinion of it as a cotton market. A cotton merchant at West Point, Ga., told me that in the future he should sell in Augusta, or ship through Augusta and Charleston to New York. I think this is also the general disposi tion of ihe planters in Northwestern Geor gia. A few weeks ago I met an Augusta commission merchant in La Grange, and heard a number of planters say they intended to ship him their cotton the com ing season. This is the result of high commercial character for integrity and promptness. A word to the wise is sufficient. Really there is apparently a steady and onward de gree of development and progress in all the business departments of Augusta, and cheering prospect for a high degree of prosperity in thefuture. The next morning I left on the Augusta and Columbia train for LexingtOD, S. C. Our coach presented a style of artistic taste and finish almost equal to the one run bv that courteous and gentlemanly Conductor Hicks on tho Georgia Road. After a flight of seventy-five miles we ar rived at the Lexington depot. Here a Carolina General, lawyer and myself slept upon terra firma, and took the people’s line for the town, and, after grinding sand and rocks, up and down hill, for about a mile, we arrived at Lexington. There was something awfully grand in the deso lation which Sherman wrought in this place. The new town is small, and com posed of quiet, orderly aDd clever, and in dustrious inhabitants. It has only three stores, but they are large and well tilled with supplies for the country. I put up at Mrs. Draft’s Hotel, aod found the pro prietress quite a lady, kind and attentive to the comfort of her guests, and careful to make everything pleasant and agreeable. The court in session here was about winding up, and I gathered but little of its business. I learn that a negro, convicted of murdering a woman because she refused to become his wile, was sentenced to be hung. Quite a number of talesmen were pre sented of both white and black, but the negro made bis choice altogether of white men, which constituted the jury. The crops in some places are promising, in others, from the want of seasons, they are quite indifferent. It is believed, though, that those who planted corn, to a reason able extent, will make a supply. I was informed that the negroes on the farms were dofog remarkably well, better than at any time since the war. The farm ers are pretty well satisfied with their agri cultural advantages aDJ. confident of a political re-action that will result in a bet ter regulation of their eivil affairs. The Rev. Mr. Burley, of Ihe Lutheran Church, preached a sermon on the previ ous Sabbath, which seemed to excite con siderable thought and feeling in the com munity. He took the position that the Anglo- Saxon was the only race in the world capable of preserving aud perpetuating the institutions of Christian civilization. That the negro of this country was indebted for his cultivation and enlightenment to the superior race, and whenever separated he must necessarily, according to the dominant proclivities of Ivi« nature, degenerate into barbarism ; and that the Africans were a subordinate and dependent race, and that we should so consider and treat them. He regarded the introduction of a heathenish and idolatrous clement into the South, at this time, fraught with disastrous conse quences to all classes. Great were the responsibilities which devolve upon the Evangelical churches among us for the proper instruftion of the ignoraDt and superstitious of all classes, which involved issues of blessings or terrible scourges upon posterity. At noon, the next day, I took the train for Columbia, distant twelve miles. Time will not permit mo a graphic description of this city, once the glory of Bouth Caro lina, and the most beautiful in the country. Enough has been said of the shocking desolations it suffered during the war. It j remains now to Carolinians to restore and, if possible, make it surpass the splendor of ante-bellum days. Neatandsnbstantial fire-proof buildings are going up, and im provement and progress is everywhere ap parent. I took a brief morning’s stroll through the Park, something out of the line of my usual observations, but must leave a description to some poetic genius,' fond of culling the flowers of rhetoric, and painting the works of'nature and art, with poem’s colors. 11. ally, the Park is one of tho jgreatest attractions of the city, and presents a feast for taste aud pleasure rare ly enjoyed. Traveller, FOR HI E CHRONICLE & BENTINXL. Emancipation, Ac., Abroad. Messrs■ Editors : —ln glancing over a pile of old Reviews the other day-' we came across the followng brief review, of what was then anew book, in the Southern Methodist Quarterly for October, 1860. ’ Tis so opposite to things as they now are in tlic South, that it will probably interest your numerous readers. Baldwin. The West Indies and the Spanish Main. By Anthony Trollope, au thor of “Doctor Thorne,” etc. New York: Harpers. Nashville: W. T. Berry & Cos. 12mo, pp. 385. Mr. Trollope is a pleasant, lively, dash ing writer. He is the son of the lady tourist who abused this country so cordial ly some years since. Our Jamaica neigh bors will perhaps thiuk they have as heavy an account to settle with the son as we have with the mother. If any one wants to sec the fruit of' emancipation in the West Indies, let them read this book. The author professes to be an anti-slavery man; but he depicts the condition of the West India emancipated negro in no very attractive colors; and no true friend of the black man, after reading this book, will wish to see the experiment of emancipa tion repeated in our Southern States. Read this passage : “Are Englishmen in general aware that half ihe sugar estates in Jamaica, and I believe half the coffee plantations, have gone back into a state of bush?—that all this land, rich with the richest produce on ly some thirty years since, lias now fallen back into wilderness ?—that the world has hereabouts so retrograded?—that chaos and darkness have reswallowed so vast an extent of the most bountiful land that civilization has ever mastered, aud that, too, beneath the British government ? And of those who are now growing canes in Jamaica a great portion are gentlemen who have lately bought their estates for the value of the copper in sugar-boilers and of the metal in the rum-stills. If to this has been added any thing like a fair value for wheels in the machinery, the estate has not been badly sold.” He devotes considerable space to a de scription of the Colonial Government, which he considers outrageously bad. He says : “The handful of white men can no longer have it all their own way; and as for the negroes—let any warmest advocate of the ‘man and brother’ position say whether he has come across three or four of the class who are fit to ec.ct laws for their own guidance and the guidance of others. It pains me to write words which might seem to be opposed to humanity and a wide philanthropy; but a spade is a spade, and it is worse than useless to say that it is something else.” He thinks .the only chance for the re suscitation of the West Indies is in tbe importation of Coolies—that is to say, in the substitution of one form of slavery for another. The negro will never work unless com pelled to do so; that is, the negro who can boast of pure mixed African blood. He is as strong as a bull, hardy as a mule, docile as a dog when conscious of a master —a salamander as regards heat. He can work without pain and without annoyance. But he will never work as long as he can eat and sleep without it. Place the Coolie or Chinaman alongside of him, and he must W mi 1D j 18 ,, 0wn defence. Hhe do not, he will gradually cease to have an existence. Mr. Trollope speaks of Demerara. or Guiana, as the Elysium of the tropics— the v\ eat Indian Happy Valley of Rasse on® true and actual Utopia of the Canbjean —the Transatlantic Eden.” The superiority of Demerara is attributed to the importation of Coolies; the negroes are described as lazy and worthless beyond endurance. Mr. T. is not the best authori ty on religious subjects—he is too free in the use ot profane expletives, brandy tod dy, and the like—nevertheless, one may hear his testimony : I bf ve sa id, in speaking of Jamaica, that 1 thought the negro had hardly yet shown himself capable of understanding the teaching of the Christian religion. As regards Guiana, what I heard on this matter I heard chiefly from clergymen of the Church ot England; and though they would of course agree with me —for it is not natural that a man should doubt the efficacy of his own teaching—nevertheless, what I gathered from them strengthens my former opinion. I do think that the Guiana negro is in this respect somewhat superior to his brother in Jamaica. He is more intelligent, and comes nearer to our idea of a thoughtful being. But still even here H seems to me that he never connects his religion with life, never reflects that his religion should bear upon his conduct. Here, as in the Islands, the negroes much prefer to belong to a_ Baptist congregation or to a so-called Wesleyan body. That excitement there is allowed to them which is denied to them in our Church. They sing and halloa and scream, and have re vivals. They talk of their ‘dear brothers’ and ‘dear sisters,’ and in their ecstatic howlings get some fun for their money. I doubt also whether these disagreeable questions as to conduct are put by the Baptists which they usually have to un dergo from our clergymen. ‘So-called Wesleyaus,’ I say, because the practice of their worsh'p is widely removed- from the sober gravity of the Wesleyan churches in England.” Mr. Trollope says he hates the Baptists —so that his testimony concerning the negro Baptists of the West Indies must be taken cum grano. We commend his book to those who are meditating the establish ing of missions in the West Indies and the Spanish Main. His description of mis sions in those regions, with their inhabi tants, are interesting and valuable. The chapter on Cuba is very suggestive. If we do not acquire that gem of the Antilles, it will not be because Mr. Trollope is in disposed to give us all lawful aid and com fort in our attempts to get it. From the Atlanta Intelligencer . In the Supreme Court of the State. TO THE MEMORY OF HOWELL COBB. Atlanta, August 11, 1869. —The com mittee appointed to report a suitable trib ute to the memory of the late General Howell Cobb beg leave to submit that, at a meeting of the Superior Court of Bibb county, and the Bar in attendance, at Macon, on the 30th of November last, the following preamble and resolutions were adopted, to-wit: General Howell Cobb, being on a visit to the North, with his wife and daughter, died in the city of New York, on the 9th day of October last, at the age of 53 years. He was seized suddenly, was prostrated in a moment of time, and expired in a few minutes thereafter. A man of vigorous constitution, and, until very recently, in the enjoyment of uninterrupted health, no one had a fairer promise of loDg life; and surrounded with numerous and devoted friends*, and blessed with the sweetest and richest endearments of homo and family— of a life of unmingled happiness. He was called hence without premonition. This Providence, to out- limited vision, looks strange ; but we well know that it is not for us to sit in judgment upon the inscru table events of the Divine Government. We believe that the All-Wise and All-Mer ci'ul Ruler ordereth all things well, and, therefore, it is our duty and privilege to acquiesce without a murmur in .His dis pensations. “Justice and Judgment are the habitation of Thy Throne; Mercy and Truth shall go before Thy Face.” When the telegraph announced the death of our brother, thousands of people all over this broad land, and we among the number, felt that they had lost a loved and cherish ed personal friend. The country was stricken with awe and tremulousness. Sad ness and sorrow and deep regrets fell upon all who knew him. We may not assume to speak of the effeots of their great bereavement upon the family of the de ceased. They have solved the mystery of unutterable grief. And yet, as we shall see, even they are not left to mourn as those who have no hope. It is a melan choly pleasure for us to honor the name and memory of General Cobb. Alas! how melancholy ! Still it is a pleasure. It is indeed pleasant to be enabled to place upon the records of this Court our unanimous, cordial, unqualified testimony to his genius and learning, his professional honor, his statesmanship, his patriotism, his kind ness of heart, and his unrivalled social at tractiveness. We lay this offering upon his tomb. It may be bumble, but it ex presses our affection and our respect for his character as eloquently as would a monument carved in marble and emblazon ed with gold. Geueral Cobb was a native of Georgia, born of highly respectable and pious, par ents, iu the county of Jefferson, lie was graduated at the University of Georgia, during the Presidency of Dr. Church, in the class of 1834. Immediately after his graduatiou he commenced the study of law under the direction of General Hardin, a most elegant gentleman of that ilk, and when admitted, at an early age, settled in the town of Athens, Clarke county. Very soon he acquired a good practice, both in his own county and in the circuit. For several years ho held the office of Solicitor General of the Weslern Circuit, discharg ing its duties efficiently—zealous to convict the guilty, but forbearing toward the yi nocent. Neither the sovereign of the State nor the citizen suffered wrong at his hands. A brilliant career awaited him. With a commanding person, fine voice, conciliating ' address, industry, thorough furniture, and ardent, self-reliant and ambitious, he would have speedily reached the highest level of professional distinction. But a change came over the spirit of his dream, and like the most of young men of that day who were conscious of intellectual power, he became enamored of political life, and his aspiration in that direction were so prompt ly realized, that his profession became an object of secondary importance. After the fall of the Confederate Gov ernment, he settled in the city of Macon, and resumed the practice. His success was equal to his most sanguine expecta f tions; clients multiplied, and at his death lie stood in the front rank of the Georgia Bar. Upon an occasion so solemn as tbis, it becomes us to say nothing for effect,and to indulge in no exaggeration; and we may, therefore, hope that our estimate of Gen. Cobb, professionally and otherwise, will be taken as true and candid. He was not, in legal argument, a dealer in dull, dusty cases, with little or no application to the point at issue. He was master of the prin ciples of our noble science, and his acute discrimination, and clear, vigorous judg ment enabled him to apply them success fully. Nor did he rely upon them and his native originating power- alone, but was wont to arm himself with authority, that latest authority which ruled the principle and most perspicuously illustrated it.— His manner of argumentation w is logical, without the stiff, cold, formality of scholas ticism. Indeed he was a natural logi cian—he knew well how to assume premi ses and draw conclusions without the aid of the syllogism or the tricks of the sophist. Before the court he had great power of condensation, and never weaken ed his cause by repetition or profuse elaboration. He was happy in the hand ling of facts before the jury, and skillful, though fair, in his statement of them just to his adversary, earnest afld persua sive, not uufrequently wielding at will both the convictions and the passions of the panel. In this connection, it may be proper to say that his eloquence found its happiest display before large popular as semblies. He was peculiarly at home at the hustings -there he achieved his most splendid triumphs, there he became regal. His clarion voice reached the ear of a great multitude, and his honest, amicable character reached their hearts. General Cobb’s political career was not only successful, but exceedingly brilliant. He rose rapidly from one position to an other, until he became a recognized leader of the great Democratic party of the Ameri can Union. This is" not the occasion, nor ours the duty, to trace his ascending course. That responsible task will devolve npon the historian or biographer. Suffice it now to say, that before the war, he rep resented his district in Congress for a num ber of years, was Speaker of the House of Representatives; Governor of Georgia, and Secretary of the Treasury during Mr. Buchanan’s administration. His political record may be said to be voluminous. In it there is not to be found a blot or a blur. Amidst all the violence of party warfare, no one of his political opponents, however unscrupulous, was ever known to utter a word impugning his integrity as an officer or his honor as a gentleman. The House of Representatives, offtheUnited States is a theatre upon whose boards demagogues play for popularity, partisans for power, genius and eloquence for renown, and pat riots for peace, order and good govern ment. It is, therefore, often disorder ly and frequently tumultuous. To preside over such a body with acceptability, re quires rare endowments —a thorough knowledge of men —quickness of'perception —patience—self-control—firmness—a dear s«n c e of justice— tact and impartiality. Especially is it necessary that the officer command the respect of the House. That is, in fact, the chief element of his authori ty- All these qualities our friend possess odin an eminent degree, and hence it was that no Speaker, since the time of Mr. Clay, discharged the duties of the Chair with more marked efficiency than did he. When the State seceded, having contribut ed as much to the result as any other citi zen, he gave himself, unconditionally, to the cause of the South. He yielded to it all the honors which he had won under the Union, and consecrated to its success his name, his estate, and his life. He was elected a member of the Provisional Con- j gress, and when it met was chosen its pre- j siding officer. No body ever convened at j the South was more able or more patriotic than this Congress. Party prepossessions, | committals, animosities and creeds had no place in the deliberations of that august as sembly. They could not live in an atmos phere charged with the sublime res; on sibilities of a stupendous revolution. A constitution was passed upon the basis of the principles of 1776, wnich was an improvement, as many believe, upon the , Federal Constitution —laws were passed ' and officers chosen to administer them, j The civil revolution was, in a few weeks accomplished, and the new government moved forward with harmonious grandeur unparalleled in the annals pf empire. To these ends no member contributed more than Gen. Cobb His experience, pro found knowledge of constitutional liberty, and sound judgment, were all made avail able in that great erisis. He was also a member of the permanent Confederate Con gress; but when the war began to rage, with its terrific foreshadowing of slaughter, pov erty and the scaffold, he retired from the halls of legislation and joined the army, rising rapidly to the gradeof Major General. In the military service he was ever prudent, obedient to rightful authority, gallant and energetic. When the Confederate Govern ment-after sacrifices indescribable, and the display of heroism unimagined iu the wildest dreams of romance-fell, he con ceded the fact of its extinotion'by over whelming force, and acquiesced in the ne cessity of the surrender of its armies. Not only so, but he advised and urged the return of the Southern States to their former place in the Union. Uncomplain ingly, and with quiet dignity, he retired to the walks of private life. We looked to him in these latter day troubles and in the contingencies of the future as one of our wisest, safest advisers. We did well hope that he would live to be, as he ever had been, the champion of law and liberty. But he has passed “from gloom to glory,” and his country has nothing left but the heritage of his fame and virtues. Turn we now to contemplate him in his private character. A mere outline sketch is all that we are at liberty to appropriate to a theme to which a volume might well be devoted. Its necessary meagreness, however, does not make it otherwise than grateful. It h sometimes the case that eminent men, especially in political life, draw around them friends, from fear or favor, or policy. Governor Cobb s friends became such from affection. It is believed that he left more personal friends than any man who has lived and died in the State. These admired him for his ability, but lov ed him for the kindness, generosity and nobility of his nature. These were attract ed by his stern sense of justice -by his benevolence— his charity aud his genial companionship. Had he been less distin guished he would not have beeu less belov ed. Political antagonism engendeied no bitterness in his soul; rivalry created no hatred, and disappointment did not lessen his cheerfulness. Public life did not cool the warmth of his heart, and high position did not weaken in him the obligation of social duties. Nor was he capricious in his likings, but true and staunch, through evil and through good report._ The lowly and the lofty alite, if meritorious, shared in his good offiqps and elicited his sympa thy. In the relations of husband, pareot, brother and companion, he was a model man. His intercourse with his family was governed by the law of love. As its head, he ruled with prudence and authority, hut it was the authority of su perior wisdom, united with forbearance, tenderness and assiduous attention. His wife and children alone know, and they enly can tell, how sweet were the charities of their home. The soldiers of his command during the war testify to his considerable attention. The poor, the suffering and dying were al ways the object of his care and kindness. It has been represented by one occupying a high place, recently, that he visited upon a sick and dying Federal prisoner extreme and wanton cruelty. This charge has beeu conclusively disproved, but if it were not, we who knew him weli, could not —-would not believe it. It is contradicted by the tenor of his life, and by the unbroken course of our experience of his character. And standing as we do, at the brink of his recently opened grave, we take the respon sibility of saying that the conduct attribut ed to him was utterly impossible. Perhaps in nothing was the goodness of his heart more beautifully manifested than in his attention to dependents. Some of .the old and faithful servants for example, of the family. These he provided for and protected. Destitution aud want always drew from him sympathy and supplies. It remains to speak of his religious character. He never made a public pro fession of religion, but it is known to his intimate friends that he had made up his mind to unite with the Baptist church, the church of his parents and of his wife, upon his return this Fall to Macon In the judgment of those friends lie- dtod a Chris tian., And this is the hope that we trust eveu now, mitigates the sorrow of his mourning family and relations, and will,ere long, reconcile them to his loss. He was a praying man for fifteen years before his death, according to his own account, but was harassed with doubts about the divinity of the Saviour—that is, as to the Godhead dwelling in the humanity of Christ. He could not solve the mystery of Godliness, God manifest in the flesh, which the Scriptures themselves pronounce great. Unable to believe without a satisfactory comprehension of this fundamental truth of our holy religion, he did not, until lately, enjoy a sensible realization of pardon and peace. This kind of struggle of a strong mind to subject Revelation to the author ity of reason is not common. No doubt it is hard for one accustomed to think, ana lyze and understand, to become as a little child—a learner at the loot of the Cross. But subordinating his pride of intellect and pride of life to a simple effort of faith—and inspired by the Holy Spirit—a careful study of the Scriptures resulted in a sense of acceptance with God. He became a re cipient of that purest, best, and most su blime blessing ever vouchsafed to hu manity—regeneration. And thus anointed, sanetified add accepted, his spirit entered rest —that rest which shall endure through eternal ages. “O, graciftus God! not gaiuless in our loss ; A glorious sunbeam glides tby sternest irowu ; And while bis country staggers with the cross. He rises with the crown.” Resolved , That this bar, his country, and his family have sustained a great be reavement in the death of General Howell Cobb ; that he was endeared to us by his manlv, generous, cordial professional com panionship and association ; to his coun try by his sacrifices and and to his family by his tender affection, his con siderate providence and wise counsels; that we deplore that one so dear to us and so full of the promise of future usefulness should be called hence ir. the full maturity of all his powers ; sati.-fiad, however, that our loss is his great grain, we do not ques tion the wisdom and mercy of God in transferring his spirit from earth to heaven. Resolved , That our respectful sympathy aud confidence are hereby tendered to his family. Resolved , That this committee adopt the form of their report upon the present occasion, and request that they be entered upon the minutes of this court, and a copy be transmitted to the family of General Cobb by the Clerk. T. Hall, E. A. N isisf.t, Wm. Enaru, W. H. Hull, * D. A. Vason, Committee AGRICULTURAL. CROP PROsl'KbT . From Burke County. Mcßean, August 12, 1809. Editors Chronicle & Sentinel: Dear Sir: You request “crop pros pects.” Fifteen days ago 1 never saw as fine a prospect for a large yield of cotton. To-day I will not say it is the prospect, but it will not exceed a two-tlird crop, provid ed the seasons are favorably in the future. The rust and heavy rains are doing their worst. I give you this as to our imme diate vicinity. I learn from others that the rust; is spreading all over the county, and epecially bad on some kind of guanoed land. I hear of one field manured with Pacific Guano, eaten up with rust; anoth er field with other guanos and none at all still free from rust. Corn crop good. Respectfully, J. S. S. FERTILIZERS, RUST, &C. Herndon, Ga., August 13,18C9. Editors Chronicle & Sentinel: Gents : I notice in your issue of August 12th, a call on all who are using Commer cial Fertilizers to give their experience as to the rust produced by using the Soluble Pacific guano. I bought five tons of Soluble Pacific from Mr. J. O. Mathcwson of your city, and I have used it on tolerable stiff land at the rate of 200 pounds pep acre, and up to date I cannot find a single stock affected with rust. I have a small spot of rust on light sandy land where I used Coe’s Su perphosphate just about one mile from the field where I used Soluble; and I have also about seventy-five acres in stiff clay land, where I used Coe’s Superphosphate, and it is not affected with rust. I also used Patapsco, five tons, which is a very good fertiliser. . This is the second year I have used both Coe’s and Soluble Paci ,c, and I find them both good fertilizers. I have no rust on cottou that is not manured. Yours, &e. W. H. C. August 12th, 1869. Editors Chronicle & Sentinel : You ask for information in regard to the growing crops. I can only speak of that growing on the place where I reside, near the line ot Burke and Richmond. As an illustration, more pregnant with meaning than words, I send you three stalks of cot ton gathered at.ruudooi, as a specimen (except about ten acres of fresh land) of eighty acres ol cotton. Three weeks ago these stalks would have counted a hundred and twenty forms and bolls. You will find now thirty bolls grown and imperfect. About one.third will mature. At the time mentioned less than two acres promised a heavy bale—now four acres will not make it. In over thirty years planting, never have I seen destruction come so suddenly and com pletely. It reminds me of the effects of a fire in the woods on a dry, windy, March day. This, too, in a locality where I have never before known rust to do material in jury. I have no idea of the extent of this dreadful curse, but if all sections were af fected as this there would not bo one mil lion and a half bales made. The deficiency in quantity is not the only evil if produces. A hand cannot pick more than half a task in rusted cotton, and the staple is inferior snd necessarily trashy. All the evils that afflict this world seems to be the heritage nt the cotton planter since he succumbed to I ankee domination. * LETTER FROM JEFFERSON. Editors Chronicle d? Sentinel: I am no never have written a line for the public eye before ; but do toll mo if you get similar reports from your farming constituents? Three weeks ago the newspapers were full of the most flat tering crop prospects, aud really the heart of the planter was made to rejoice iu an ticipation of fine crops aud good prices- But how sad is the change ! Within the last four or five days that beautiful greeu has passed away, the white blooms which were so numerous hide themselves, and “tne sear and yellow leaf” loom up before me, on all sides, in every field. It is uni versal, confined to no particular neighbor hood. Some ascribe it to the guano, bat it is seen where no guano has beeu used ; others to the dry weather, but plantations where the seasons have been favorable are equally affected. It occurs to me that the cool nights and windy weather we have had since Satur day last have done the work. My informa tion is confined to this and the adjoining counties. If lam right in my conclusion the crop is irrecoverably cut off, as the cold has been general. It is called “Rust,” but I have never seen anything like it be fore, and old farmers tell me they have never seen sueh destruction in so short a time. Our crop is at ieast two weeks later than ujnal, and it Ls earlier than “rust” usually makes its appearance. These facts preclude the possibility of our making more than half a crop unless frost should not vistt us before Christmas. When it attacks late cotton even half a crop cannot possibly be hoped for- Asa general thing plenty o's corn has been made to supply the wants of the county another year. Loulsy'liAe, Jefferson Cos. W. Correspondence of the New York Tribune. THE EM PI EE STATE OF THE SOUTH. Georgia, with her varied and boundless resources, has recuperated in a measure from the desolation, ruin, and ashes of war, and is yet the Empire State of the South. Our doors are wide open. We invite your farmers, mechanics, artisans, and men of every honest craft, with their wives and little ones, to come here and live with us, and mind their own business, identify themselves fully with our interests, and make it their home. Come with your money, your muscle, and your energy, and help us, and Georgia will soon become not only the Empire State of the Union, but the garden spot of the world■ Such meu we welcome; they will thrive and prosper, and build up themselves and the country. The people of Georgia, as a people, aie ail right. The wounds created by the late disastrous war are fast healing, aud our hearts arc in the right place. There is no portion of the United States where honest labor meets with better recompense than here; no such place to recuperate a lost fortune, as our Southern history since the war amply demonstrates. Lands are worth more intrinsically hero than either North or West. Here in Georgia, and especially in Middle Georgia, wo have a soil and climate capable of every variety of production, now selling at $lO and $25 per acre will yield more net profits to labor than Northern or Western lands selling at $75 to S2OO per acre. There is no country on the earth where an honest man with his family can live better, enjoy better health, or make money faster. We can make everything here that can possibly be made North, East or West, and just as much of it, with the exception of ioe. We can make everything here that can possibly be made South of us, and just as much of it, with the exception of the tropical products proper. The soil and climate of Middle Georgia peculiarly adapt it to a greater variety ol' production than other locality on the earth. We can produce any and everything profitably and to a great degree ol perfection with the two exceptions just mentioned. We can make of very many products two full crops a year on the same land. This is true of Irish potatoes, tobacco, and many other products. We can make a full crop of whear, or rye, or barley, or oats, and then a full crop of corn afterward on the same land the same year. We can then ship our new flour to New York or Boston, be fore the Northern wheat harvest begins, and thus obtain the best prices. What other climate and soil and locality under the sun yield so generously to the labor of man? On all the lands in Middle Georgia, several species of clover grow spontaneous ly, and cover the earth with a carpet of green through the Spring, Summer and Pall months. The Eespidiza Striata or Japan clover, the white clover and other species of clover arc everywhere in profu sion. The Luzerne or French clover thrives here as well as it does in France. The perennial or large red clover does as well here as elsewhere, if the soil be natur- ally or artificially rich enough. On rich uplands blue grass, meadow oat grass, orchard grass, vernal grass grow during the Winter. If these are kept in closed during the Summer months, horses, mules, cattle and sheep will keep fat and require no other food. Without the cost ly covering of a barn, or any shelter, and with nothing given them save a little salt, they will do their own mewing and stock raising. You may see cattle and sheep well grown and fat that have never been under a shelter, and have never been given any food outside of grazing, save a little salt. Our woodland, which has ever been unproductive capital, cm be lad down in these Winter pastures. Bermuda grass thrives here wonderfully well, and makes the best pasture in the world, no grass giv ing an equal amount of grazing, grows tall enough on good lands to mow, and makes an abundant and valuable hay. 'There is no region on the globe which affords a bet ter prospect of more rapid fortune in stock raising and wool growing than in Georgia, climate, markets and facilities for Summer and Winter grazing all considered. There is no reason why the wool crop of Georgia should not be larger than its cotton crop ever was. There is no better fruit region. The Middle peach is the richest and best flavor ed in the world. All varieties of fruits and melons do well here. Much attention has been paid to native seedlings, and we have a number of varieties of late keep ing, Winter apples and pears. You may have pears and applet on the table of dif ferent years growth. The fruit business in melons, apples, pears, peaches, strawber ries, grapes, vegetables, &c., offer an invit ing field for enterprise. There are great facilit.es offered in transportation of the same to New York and other Northern cities. The lands are generally undulating, but not so hilly as to render their cultiva tion difficult—in fact, all modern mechani cal appliances can be used on every portion. The water, teeming from springs on every hill side, form creeks and rivulets in the valleys, along which are found some of the richest bottom lands, producing 50 to 75 bushels of corn to the acre. Onr virgin forests teem with the finest timber in the world, consisting of white oak, red oak, white hickory, poplar, chest nut, gum, ash, beech, birch, maple, wal nut, yellow pine, <fec-, inviting workers of wood of all descriptions. It is a well known fact that no one can succeed in farming on lands destitute of timber without a large capital ! “Where shall the poor go ?" to Central Georgia, a timbered country, where, upon your own land grows the timber to make your own fencing and your own buildings; where you may, if you are not proud, even erect your own dwelling without any outlay, except for the nails which ta< k it together. Middle Georgia is decidedly the b-j«t cli mate for cottou. The season is sufficiently long to perfect, and it is not subject to the many disasters and calamities of in sects, &c., which is incident to a climate south of us. Our good lands ~111 yield from 300 to 400 lbs of lint per acre. With high cultivation and manuring have been made 1,500 lb3 oflint per acre. There is no country on the earth which now presents such a prospect of quickly ac cumulated fortune, coupled with the en joyment of perfect health , as is now opened up in the cotton clay belt of Middle Geor gia. _ With the cheapest and most effectual laborin the United States, and cotton sell ing at 30 and 35 cents per pound, and every fair prospect of it selling higher ; with the glistening golden yield teeming from her cotton and other varied and val uable products, Central Georgia is the white mans Eldorado. The yellow dust of California, with her rainless and arid Summers; the Territo ries, with their snows and inhospitable climate and distance from civilization, do not now, nor will they ever, tempt so luringly to fortune as do the cotton, grain, grass and fruit fields, and manufacturing facilities of lovely, genial Central G-.-orgia. Now is the auspicious time to strike—delay not until another cotton rioi iS "lit *1 bin Tour r..a°h. Labor is Ilitre, a ml tv, uit not here, the golden yield from her cotton will at and must bnog H here. Never again in th " probable history of man will lands hit' bought so cheap as now—lands rich in the fruition, not of golden dreams and insiji- Capitalists and others, take due notice! A word to the wise is sufficient. The great error in our system of agri culture has been that King cotton has. with h.s golden glare, dimmed the eyes ot the planter to the full value of his lands tu °» a Profi . table a ?' l . n °l>le purposes. The Author of our being has bestowed upon the people of the South the finest soil and climate under the sun. The varied products aud extensive resources which Nature has placed within our grasp have had hut an inceptive development \\ e need the right kind of men to diver sily and. dignify labor, and to give to the earth wise and proper culture, and that care anti attention to diversified products winch would make us the most independ ent as well as the most luxurious and happy people on the earth. We need men to de velop our resources and hidd a stores of wealth. We need every c!»-s. from the humblest day laborer to the aristocratic capitalist. Our doors are wide open. The mineral and manufacturing resources of Georgia are second to no State east of the Rocky Mountains. Our hills and val leys teem with ores and precious metals. Georgia has water power, and available, to move the machinery of the world. Our climate is mild and salubrious, and the locality of Middle Georgia the most healthy on the continent. Here we arc comparatively free from the malarial fevers incident to miasmatic districts and to the seaboard belt south and west of us, and from the consumption, scrofula, rheuma tism, inflammatory and typhoid fevers peculiar to a Northern climate and the mountainous regions which lie north of us. YVe have no sickly season, and the best climate for a consumptive patient in the world. L ing residence here will eradicate from the system this consumptive diathe sis or habit of body. The liability of our white people to die of consumption is about one in 3,200 per annum, whereas it is in Massachusetts one in 250. \\ e live in a medium temperature. The vicissitudes of the seasons are neither great nor suddeu. We glide gently from one to the other. The transitions in the weather are regular. The physical constitutions of our families are not enfeebled by extremes of heat or cold, wet or dry. It is safe and healthful to visit and remain in the clay hell of Middle Georgia at anytime and at all seasons of the year. We have no sickly season, lie can never have yellow fever, nor Asiatic chole ra, nor malignan t types of disease. It is the healthiest climate on the Continent. The thermometer in Summer very rarely ranges as high "as 90° Farenheit. YVc have snow to fall once in about five years and then rarely one inch in depth. Middle Geargia is emphatically tie country for the white man, the descenu ant of Japheth, Noah’s yourgest sou and son of blessing and promise. Here it is he can be blessed, and here it is he can, in the language of prophecy, be enlarged. He can labor here night and day if his physical nature would endure it without endangering his health We have not on ly the best soil and climate combined, but we have the purest air to breathe, and the purest and most delicious free stone water, and plenty of it to drink. YY 7 ha.t better oountry could we wish ? In this particu lar, in Middle Georgia, Providence has tavishly bestowed upon us all that heart could desire. Middle Georgia,.embraced in the coun ties of Greene, Wilkes, ■ Hancock Ogle thorpe, Morgan, Newton, Putnam, Rich mond, Uolumbia, Warren, Baldwin, Tal iaferro, and others in the same belt, are the most desirable sections of the State, everything considered, and when fully de veloped under the skillful hand of a wise and judicious culture and improvement will become the garden spot of the world. The principal cities of Middle Georgia are Augusta, Atlanta, Macon, Milledgevillc, Athens and Columbus. In all of them business is active and thriving, and rents high. There are .four male colleges, well en dowei, with able faculties, and quite a number of female collegiate institutions in Middle Georgia, all well patronized and in a flourishing condition. Middle Georgia is a network of railroads radiating in every direction, thereby giv ing us every facility for purposes of marketing and transportation. We have a law ot Georgia exempting from taxation for the next five years all capital brought into the State and invest ed in machinery aud manufactures. Good improved farms can be bought from $lO to $25 per acre, according to lo cality, production, etc. Lands can be bought with improvements for less than this, but they are not generally the cheap est. Good horses and mules are worth from $l5O to S2OO, cows from S3O to SSO, and sheep $2 to $3 per head. Now is a beautiful aud pleasant time to come on and crospect for another year for a homo. Expenses for the round trip from New York Citv v.ill not exceed $75. By steam er from New York via Charleston or Sa vannah to Augusta costings 22, will he the cheapest route. Thus we invite you to come. Many have already done so, and are more than satisfied—they are delighted. Our people are warm-hearted, intelligent and hospitable. All classes of persons who come here with proper motives will he kindly received and well treated. Your people are pent up, and wish to come here, and we invite them. There are difficulties which must be met, and with your assistance and that of your people the work cau be done. Our best and most de sirable lands are generally arranged ou the old plantation syatean. The improvements are usually located about the centre. These plantations must be divided p into small farms of 100 or 200 acres, and houses placed on them. A system oi mixed hus bandry and a better mode of culture must be adopted. Wo must have skillful and intelligent labor. Our people are awake to all the improvements in husbandry, but we are, in a majority of eases, unable to adopt them. YY'e are comparatively poor. How is this to be done ? it must be done in some way with the aid of your people. Yon have large capita lists who wish to in vest their money profitably and sagely. Let them loan their money to good, enterprising Northern farmers and mechanics, ike., to come on, buy our lands, and settle them aud grow rich on them, The capitalist can take a mortgage or lien on the land and improvements until paid for, with interest. This would be a safe transaction. Exten sive towns and neighborhoods of real five “Yanks" might be built up in the best and healthiest country in the world, con venient to everything. YVe have the coun try—you the men and means. Middle Georgia presents an inviting field. Her doors are opeu wide to immigration. There is now no slavery ; the war is fully over, and we have a common country. We need your Northern men, with their money and skilled labor. They wish to come. It is to their interest, to our interest. .Cotton. —The cotton crop at this time is not so promising as we had hoped. A great deal of it was planted late; and that which was not worked well and fast—and there is a great deal tha; was neglected --is backward. We hear some complaint oi * rust;” but from this we contemplate less damage than from an ca;ly fru.u, which, owing to the lateness of the crop, would cut off the yield tremendously. We have been shown several open b 1 Mr. J. 11. Mitchell had a few open L i , several days since. Major John W. Adams, of Pike, showed us a couple yesterday. Major Ad ams got his crop 4n early, and is almost sure of an extra good crop, but from what we have seen, this is not a general thing with the farmers.- • Griffin Star, August KM. ______ New Cotton—Receipt of Two Bales. —Messrs. A. M. Sloan & Cos. reoeived yes terday morning by express a bale of new upland cottou from Mr. A. Beach, of Bain bridge. The bale was raised on the planta tion of Mr. W. R. Brown, of Fort Valley, the plantation being in Mitchell county, Georgia, and supervises! by Mr. T. R. Davis. This bah was picked on the 9th ins'.ant, weighs 565 pounds, and classes low middling, strict classification. It was sold to Mr, A. M. Scarborough for 42c, and will be shipped to Messrs. Knox & Gill, of Baltimore. Messrs. Thom as-Bros. & Williams yes terday morning received by express a bale of the new upland crop from Messrs. T. B. Hunniwell & Go., of Bainbridge. The bale was from the plantation of Mr. John H. Bearoe, near T> tinbridge, weighs 342 pounds, clas.-.- low middling, strict classification, ami . •o- . u shipped to Bal tin, ore by the Nartl, V'dnt The first bale was received last year on the 13th of August, from the plantation ot Mr. Jos. L. Stegall, in Thomas county, was consigned to Messrs. Sloan. Groover & Cos., of this city, weighed 400 pounds wis clashed as Savannah middling, and was sold the same morning at 40c per pouudto A. M. Scarborough, who shipped it to Baltimoro. — Sav. Republican , Aug. 13 th. m t The Texas cattle trade is lively at Abi lene, the principal shipping point in Western Kansas, as the following transac tions snow: 580 second class steers at $23 each; 360 second class at $24 each; one drove. 700 head, at 21 Je., gross; 700 head mixed cattle, average at $25: 20 yoke work cattle, poor at S7O per yoke; 3,000 head beef steers, second-class, at $22 50; 360d0. average at $24, Several lots of Wintered Texas cattle, from one to four years old,, sold at three cents, gross; 6,000 head left during the week for Salt Lake, 400 for Montana, 1,000 for Omaha, and 300 for Idaho. There are now remaining for sale in the Abilene market, 12,000 steers and 10,000 mixed cattle, which are expected to be Wintered here’ There are at least 100,- 000 head cow en route to the Kansas market.
