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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1866-1877 | View Entire Issue (March 9, 1870)
)L ) SERIES, V >L. LXXVII. Zu'ouictc & Senium. -« a »ih ok sirn’Kimosi. z’z 1 ■ wt v:i ' y - Zhu • • :.r ; . ?11 V) M Z»a < -; ; ;• 1 1 WKBNKSBtT MOKNISI. MARCH 9 The, Langley Manufacturing Company. By refireooo to our advertising columns our readers w.ll sec that tin gentlemen who have undertaken to establish a new cot too rnid at Kalmia, as uoticed in our local columns a f-w days since, have pro pressed so lar as to effect their organize tion into a company, under a charter granted by the State of South Carolina. We lean that subscriptions to the amount of two hundred and twenty five thousand dollars have been made, leaving only seventy fivb thousand dollars to be raisi and to complete the capital stock pro p sod of three hundred thousand dollars. It give-, us pleasure to chronicle the ad vent of an enterprise like this, which promises increased diversity in our avoca tions increat. 1 employment for labor; in creased home consumption of our great sta ple, arid the retenti o at home o£ the profit of converting it into fabrics, and this under the a urarice of profit to those who invest their capital, a? evidenced by the regular qu r!c:!y dividends of five per cent, of the Augusta Factory, made at a time when the mills of Lancashire and Lowell languish and groan, and grumble at the high price of raw material- The .New Freight Tariff of the S ate Hoad. The Chattanooga Time* complains of the now Freight Tariff of the State Road, which has recently bean arranged by A Pope, General Freight Agent. We are prepared to accept as truthful almost a»v statement as to the mismanagement and maladministration that may be made with regard to the affairs of the State Iliad, and believe, further, that this enteiprise, which once challenged admiration and lightened tho burthens of taxation to the people of Georgia under the adruin i (ration of men eminent alike for the ; r exalted virtue and for their professional knowledge and skill, is to become the en gine of oppression, aud a tax and a hurtheD upon the people, so long as it remains under the control ot the Radical crew, who regard it solely as u political machine to be “run” for party profit and plunder. The Tima presents a tabulated oo nparison of old and new rates, exhibiting tho iuerease lately ordained—an increase ordered at a time when every other railroad is endeav oring to revive t:ade by reduction in rates. But the increase strikes us as being small when compared with present Radical ne cessities. The Bullock reconstruction bunincss is not yet. assured. His Express loDoy is again in Washington. More sup pors at Wormlcy’s will bo needed, and a strong purse ai a lobbying fund. Run-offs and collisions and break ups occur. All these things have to bo provided for by increased freight tariffs. There can be little doubt th .t if this road is to continue in tho hands rs hungry, unscrupulous, ig norant Ha 1 cals, not ouly will the prose t tarills he largely increased— so largely in' creased that the present rates will seem exceedingly moderate—but that the State itself will again be called upon to issue bonds to repair and rebubd the road itself, and tli. people burtheued with additional taxes to pay tho increased debt. Asa matter of public interest, we sub mit the table and the comments of the limes, as lollows: old U.*e Ntw Kites. Increase. (' >r • (tm >he ! ) M 11 01 Wlie.t ” la ' 11 I Oal:i - 07 03 01 Floor ( i " D *2 fox -10 * J*s 48 1!1 j May (cur 1- u.l) 25 00 48 00 *23 00 I'U Iron •• 16 00 IA Mi 1.56 Her •• “ 20.00 .'ls 00 15 00 Coal M 15 00 18 00 3 (HI .stock • 40(H) 00 00 20.00 Hecou (tOO lb ) 42 52& UH, The rates when e nnpared with the pre sent through rates Iron) other cities, show a very marked and scriminatim) against East Tennessee, in favor of’the West. For in stance, the tariff on luiy is prohibitory, and all shipments have ceased. The increase on bar iron, cuts off the Vulcan Works from tho Southern markets, and gives Louisville and Cincinnati the control. The tariff on stock is prohibitory, becauso it is shipped troui Nashvihe or auy point on j the Nashville and Chattanooga road, at : 37.00, which is 23 00 less per car load than i from Chattanooga. Ihe income on coal does no! affect busi- j ness so much, because people must have | coal at any price, and their only sourou of | supply is East Tennessee. In corn the advanced rates of freight compel the reduction hero of the market price to 1.08*1.09. at which price our mer o! nuts can barely compete with the West. We cannot complain at this, for we do not .ask discriminations in oar behalf, but only ■3 .air field and no favor. In flour, the a i-vance injures our mills, aod also those at Ringgold, for it shut: them out of the Southern market. The evil effects of the advance on b con j have not yet begun to be felt, but the j packers and farmers will begin to realize ■ them when .bey begiu to lring their bacon j in. * The groat cause of complaint, however, is the refusal of the Wt stern and Atlantic Railroad to make a through taritf from points to Augusta, Macon aod other cities. The only through rates thej are now giv ing are to New York, via Charleston and Savannah. The merchants here are asmuoh entitled to through lates to Macon or Augusta, as those of Nashville are to a through tariff to Ailaota. We ar-' certain that our Georgia friends preler to have East Tennessee Hour, corn and bacon, whose quality they know and prize, ami we hope they will join us in protesting against the unjust discrimination by which they are compelled to purchase elsewhere. We do not expect to pro-rate with St. Louis freights, but wo do expect some concessions over local rates on shipments beyond Atlanta, and we thiuk wo are en titled to them. Furthermore, vre believe that Georgia is as tnuoh interested in ob taining these concessions as we are. Ihe Administration and Cuba. The publication of the diplomatic corre spondence, under the call of the House of j Representatives, throws some light upon i the att tude of Grant's admini (ration with | regard to tho Cuba question. Oa the Ist of Ju'v..lSC9. Sickles, United States Am bassador at Madrid, offered the services 1 of the United States Government in mediation Ur the pacification of the is'aud This offer iva.-. accepted, and on the 3d of .September, a ba>is was proposed by the United States for the adjustment of the questions pending between Spain and the Island of Cuba, the great p lists of which | wore the independence of Cuba and the abolition of slavery The Si aoish Gov ernment rejected proposed—first, because the Government could not asseDt to the dismerotvri'it oft! 9 Spanish monarchy wi 1 1 •. . hortsaiion of the Cortes, which ct-metobernrcnt the Cortes, so far fin uu tnanife.- tirg a disposition to per mit and authorize, had unanimously lent their support to the Government for its “elevated and dignified policy on the Cuba question, calculated to preserve the integrity of nat onal honor;” 2nd, tecause there exists no evidence, not even that of duration, that the insurrection persists be cause “it is vested and rooted in the country that the majority of Cubans are inclined to separate from the mother coun try, desire to be independent,” and “are possessed of sufficient means, vigor and energy, to form a nationality and a sepa rate State,” but that its nutriment is de rived from abroad, from adventurers, speculators filibusters and pirates, “ from abroad ;’ and the hope is expressed that the President “will contribute to the paci fication of Cuba," by exerting “all his natural influence upon those who having ! taking refuge in American territory fo ment the rebellion,” and not permit inter' ft-rences with the gunboats being con ; strueted in the United States, not go agaiost Peru, or even to fight the insur gents of Cuba, but to defend Spanish “coasts against the aggressions of fillibust ers and pirates.” Mr. Secretary Fish under date January 26th, 1870, thus places before the ambas sador at Madrid, the attitude and views of | the administration. “ Your dispatch No. 46, containing an ac ; count ot the army of Cuba bas been re j ceived and read with attention. The pub -1 lie interest felt in the United States in the I Cuban struggle has decreased since the flagrant violations of law by the agents ot ! the insurgents have become known, and alienated the public •'ympathy. “Had the Cuban Junta expended their , money and energies in sending to the in surgents arms and munition of war, as they i might have done consistently with -ur own ; statutes and with the lav of nations, in ! stead of sending men in deliberate viola-) 1 tion of the laws of the United States ; and i had they, in lieu of illegally employing I persons within the dominion of the United ! States to go in armed bands to Cuba, j proceeded thither and armed themselves ! to take personal part in the struggle for | independence, it is possible the result i would have been different in Cuba, and it ; is cerlain that there would have been a more ardent feeling in the United 3tates in j 1 favor of their cause and more respect for : their own sincerity and personal courage. ) “You are yourself a personal witness of ; the sympathy which the President and | ! all the members of the Cabinet felt for j j them before they made these unlawful de monstrations. I observe that you think the Spanish campaign iu Cuba has thus far failed. Your sand point of observation | is a good one, and I trust that you will i i keep the departmeut constantly advised ol ! Madrid opinions od this subject, especially j as. the news received here, though fluctuat ing, indicates in the main the reverse, j This Government bas, to this time, sue- 1 ceeded in maintaining its freedom of ac- j tion on tuis question. “Strong pressure ha:s been made on the one side to induce it to recognize a state of belligerency, and on the other to induce it to declare that it will not recognize such a state. It has declared, and still main tains, t' at it will be governed in its action entirely by the facts as they occur. It is prop r at the same time, to boar in mind the obligations to which the commerce of the United States will bo brought in case a state of war should be recognized. But, should Spain af.er her great and exhaus tive effort, fail to restore a state of peace on the island, the President must reserve to himself complete liberty of action in that event-" Now the English of all this is, that General Grant is willing to mediate for the pacification of Cuba upen the basis that Cuba shall become an independent State, but not willing to mediate for Span ish interest, hut “reserves to himself com plete liberty of action” ta rob Spain of the Gem of the Antilles, so soon as “pub lic sympathy iu the United States” war rants the act, and this will arise just so soon as the Radicals find out that there is nothing left to be plundered at homo. Ison’t Understand the Provisional Sit uation. The Columbus Enquirer has stalled up ou the-binomial theorem of Radical po itics. The Enquirer says : “Wo don’t understand the “provis ional” situation—that’s a faet. If there js any other authority than the dictum of Gov. Bullock for calling the government of Georgia a provisional one, we would 'ike to bo informed ol it. Bullock himself announced the termination of that kind of government some eighteen months ago, and has since d' ne many acts in the capa city of a regular and legal Governor. Who remanded the State to the provis ional stage ? Who could remand it to such a stage ? Can a Governor elected by the people of Georgia put himself in that positiou, after having for over a year aetei in the capacity to which he was elected ? And by what other authority than his elec tion by the people of Georgia does Bullock now assume to be a Governor of any kind?” We hope the Enquirer will seek a solu tion at tbe hands of the Judiciary Com mittee of Congress, and for the enlight : ment of the people or Georgia make it ! public. We are quite sure that the in formation sought catino be obtained in ; any other way. Mr. Attorney General | Hoar might give an opinion and the Su- I preme Court might make a decision some four or five years hence. But Congress, having absorbed both the judicial and ex ecutive branches, is alone competent to decide and enforce laws as well as make | them. The Cotton till) and Its Inventors. The following interesting article upon the Cotton G n and its inventors, from the 1 Scientific American, was contributed by a writer who uses the noni deplume of Elzy Hay. If wo mistake not, the writer is a daugh- , ter of Judge Andrews, of Washington. Georgia, and doubtless gets her informa tion from the Judge himself. There is, perhaps, no man who has such a rich, va ried and valuable store of important facts { concerning our early history, and the lives , and struggles of the pioneers of our State, i as Judge Andrews. If he could be in duced to commit to paper, for the use of the public, something of the recollections of his early life, we are sure that they j would prove of great interest to the peo ple, ajjd more particularly to the rising generation. If the Judge is top much en gaged with his public duties to write him self, we are quite sure his gifted daughter would make it a labor of love to commit to paper any “stories of the past” he would confide to her. An agricultural article recently published in one of our leadiug newspapers con fained a casual allusion to Eli Whitney, as the inventor of the modern saw gin for seeding cotton. This was by-no means an unnatural or flagrant mistake, as probably not one person in a thousand is aware of the fact that cur modern saw gin is not Mr. Whitney's invention, but an improve ment upon it. The former, of which I have seen more than relic, was merely a wooden cylinder with wire teeth or claws running round it in circles. The idea of the saw gin was borrowed from Uhio, as will be related further on. Mr. Whitney sued the earlier inventors and manufac turers for violating his patent, and their defences were based on the ground that the saw was no infringement of the wire tooth patent. One of Mr. Whitney’s original ootton Rios, as executed and operated by him-elf, was in »he possession of my father until some fifteen or twenty years ago, when it was lost at an agricultural fair at Augusta, whither it bad been sent for exhibition. I remember it well as among the content of an attic room where I sometimes to play in childhood, and a feel ing recollection of getting my ears boxed more than once for stealing wire from it to string paper “limber jacks” on. I have heard my father relate many in teresting facts as to the origin and early history of the cotton gsn, inch he receiv ed from persons who were eotemporar.es and associates of its inventor. There are probably not a dozen other men living to whom these facts are known, and it may be well to record them here before t u ey are lost in the dim regions of traditionary lore. Eli Whitney, it was well known, was a tutor in the family of General Greene, ot revolutionary memory, at the time he in venied the cotton gin; and here are some facts concerning him my father received from a grandson.ofthe General. \V hitney s Yankee ingenuity, as exh-.xited in various amateur tinkerings at refractory door-fast enings, broken Socks, etc., inspired the family with such confidence in his skill, that on some occasion, when .he watch ot Mrs. Miller, a member ot Gen. Greene’s household got out of order, she gave it to Mr. Whitney to repair, no professional watchmaker being within reach. He per formed the work successfully, to the great and .light of Mr. Miller and the admiration of the whole family. A short time thereafter, a gentleman tailed at the General’s house to show a fine sample of cotton wool, and remarked while exhibiting it, that there was a for tune in store for somebody who should in vent a machine for separating the lint from t-ho seeii. Mr-, Miller, woo was present, turned to Whitney and s«:d, “You are the very man, Mr. Whitney, for since you suc ceeded so wed with m watch, I am sure you have ingenuity enough to make such a machine.” After this conversation Mr. Whitney confined Limseif very closely to his r om far several weeks, at the end of which he iov.ted the family to inspect his m .del of a eotton gin. It was constructed, as I have already described, with wire teeth on revolving cylinder, butasthere was no con trivance fur throwing off theiint after it was separated from the seed, it wrapped round the cylinder, thereby greatly ob truding the operation of the machine. Mrs. Miller, seeing the difficulty, seized a omrnon elothes brush, applied it to the teeth, and caught the lint- Whitney with delight exclaimed, “Madam, you hav: solved ti e problem, with this suggestion my machine is complete.” The important part thus played by a woman in the history of a cotton gin is uuknown, I believe, except asalamily tra dition, even in her owu State. My father was also informed by a gentleman once connected with Whitney in business, that the latter obtained his first idea of the invention from a gin u-ed to prepare rags for making paper, which lie iu a wrecked vessel. General Greene, in whose 1 family he l.ved at the tim», resided in one j of tho “sea islands” along the Georgia coast. Unfortunately for Mr. Whitney, the prophecy ol the gentleman with regard to the fortune in store for the future inven tor of a cotton gin, was never realized in his case, for ho was engaged iu c nstant law suits against infringements of bis patent right, and lived aDU died poor. As a Georgian, I regret to say that his adopt ed State never bestowed any substantial testimonial of appreciation upon the in ventor of a machine by which she had profited so largely. Tennessee, Alabama, and South Carolina, it is said, manifested their appreciation of his merits by material and substantial donations; while Georgia, with sorrow I write it, has been worse than silent, for her juries refused him ver- to which the judges declared he was entitled, against the violators of his patent. So uncertain was the enforcement, of the patent laws in those days, that Whitney resorted to the same expedient for the pro tection of his rights that used to bring upon medieval inventors charges of sorce ry and witchcraft. 1 mean the expedient of secrecy. About the year 1791 or 1795, he settled in a place some six miles from the quiet little village of Washington, in Wilkes county, and established one of the first, if not the fir j: , cotton gin ever worked in the State. He and his partner, Durkee, erect ed at this place a large cott >u store house, which now does service a a barn, and agin house at preteut used as a kitchen by Mrs Tom Burdett, wife of the present proprie tor, aod the teeue of preparation tor din ner and “goodies” generally, that would approt riate < ffliirgs to the memory of him who invented cooking stoves. The gin house bad narrow grated windows, sot> at visitors might stand outside and watch the cotton flying Tom the gin without observ ing tbe operation of the machine, which was concealed behind a lower scre°n. Amongother visitors, we are inf rmed that on the occasion of a certain militia muster in the neighborhood, the rustic battalion was permitted to file through the house, while Whitney’s gin was in operation, and see the flakes of cott an thrown off by the brush, but none were permitted to exam ine further. What a different errand the grandsons of those rustic militia men, filing past the first cotton gin, were one day to march forth upon 1 Women were permitted by Whitney to 1 enter his gin house and examine the uia- | ohineiy if they liked, as they were not supposed to bo capable of betraying the secret to builders —an opinion for which modern females of the strong-minded school will, no doubt, boar him a grudge —and not altogether without reason, per haps, when we consider the material as sistance he received from a woman in per footing his invention. This faet of the free admittance of women, was taken ad vantage of by Edward Lyon, “a smooth faced young man” residing in a distant part of the country, to gain admission to Whitney’s establishment, disguised in fe male attire. He communicated the secret to his brother John, who immediately set to 4 work and produced his improvement! upon Whitney’s invention, in the shape of j the modern saw gin. The saws were made : for him by “little Billy McFarran,” an ; Irish blacksmith in Wikes county, who died some twenty five or thirty years ago- This was the fir.it saw-gin ever made. The saws were tint shaped in semicirces, and fastened round the cylinder in pairs, so as to form complete circles wheu finished. As early as 1797, a gin factory was es tablished by a man named McCloud, and all Whitney’s suits against him were un successful. An old gentleman, who pur chased a gin trom McCloud,told nry father that it worked nearly as well tt en as now (his now was thirty years ago) except that it napped badly. It was propelled by water, and ginned 2,500 pounds of seed i cotton per day. Previous to this, the gin : in ordinary use, was the contrivance ot two wooden rollers revolving in opposite directions, which preceded Mr. Whitney’s invention. It was worked try ha and, and ginned only 75 to 100 pounds ad y; and it was necessary, besides, to keep a man all the time employed in turning rolleis, the friction burnt them out s' fast. This ! maclr'nc is still used in ginning the best I quali’i sos “s a island” cotton, the ad ! vantage being that it does not cut the staple, as the saw gins do. The honor of having invented the first cotton gu is-ometimes disputed with Eli j Whit e.v in favor of Mr. Bull, a gentleman , from Baltimore, who settled in Columbia ! county, Georgia, and introduced the saw I gin there, in the year 1795. He first used ! perpendicular saws, but afterwards changed | them for circular, in imitation, no doubt, j of Whi.nry and Lyon. Mr. Bull was an interpri-iiig and ingenious man, aod first 1 introduced iron packing screws into this 1 state. These were so expensive, costing do less than $1,500 to SI,BOO, that they were soon abandoned for the common wooden screw now in general use on planta tions. His invention of tho perpendicular | ’ saw gin, was, there scents no reason to j doubt, independent of Whitney’s, though j posterior to it, the latter having corn;; into I operation in 1793. The circular saw, as i afterwards used by him, was do doubt ; borrowed from Whitney or Lyon. Thus , then, though Eli Whitney never reaped 1 the profits of his great invention, it seems clear that he must be left in undisputed possession at least of the barren honors. When Did the War End ? The Supreme Court have decided thnt the war did end on the 20th of August, \ 1566. This was, probably, a most right- i eous decision, as it placed in the hands ot 1 the treasury of the United States, as law ful prize, alt the cotton taken from honest citizens of the Southern States for the time inc’aded between the sarrerder of Jce Johnston, in April, 1565, and the 20:h of Argus:, 1566 Mr. Henry Ward Beecher wiil have to amend his discourse on “Legal Robberies” by delivering a other, upon politico judicial robberies. We should like for, someone, disposed to bo honest, to demand of the Secretary of the Treasury the names of owners, marks of co ton, when taken and when sold, and by whom, and also of other property within the dates above specified. Now, the wish is express ed, not with the hope of recovering any ofthe property seized at that time, but with a curious desire to learn how much of that that was seized, was turned over to the Government of the United States and its proceeds inured for the benefit of the Government of the United States. There is a little private history pertaining to this , mutter which should be developed as es sential to the true definition of patriotism. Sumner and Bntler. While Webster lived, a majority of the , people of the South, differed from his political theories, and withheld from him, by reason of that difference, that support which would have placed at his command the highest political honors and the greatest political tru-t. Bat his genius wrs ever recognized, and no stain nor re proach ever thrown like mud upon his escutcheon. Daniel Webster, dead, has I his memory embalmed in Southern hearts as the upright, honest delender of the Con- AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING,.MARCH 9. »870 titution, who dared to brave the perci' i cious sentiment of his section and the dis grace of being ejected as a mountebank from the boasted cradle of liberty of American Republicanism. The memory of the sage cf Marshfield stiff lingers fresh in the memory of the South as great among the great ot American history —a statesman whom neither art nor biaodishmen , nor prof use emolutneot, nor subordinate politi cal theory, could ever seduce to vioaate plighted faith, and sacrifice to interest or i expediency the solemn covenants of a i written constitution, signed and sealed, and published c > the worid as the organic i law of the great repub ic of the Atnerican I continent. The mighty men of to-day of the cradle of liberty and of New Angland intel lect and of Massuchusi tt’s civilization, are Übaries Sumner and Benjamin Frankiiu Butler. The one the author of a higher law than that promulgated by Divine Reveiaiion, Or that arranged by pure men as the best conception of human intellect. The other gains eminence by appealing to the lowest passions which could attract the demagogue, and secures i it, by becoming a traitor to principle and a traitor to friendship and truth, in the sale of Douglass, the peerless star of the West. Os ail who have figured con spicuously in over-riding the Constitution, and inaugurating the proscriptive policy of bayonet rule directly upon the. South, j and indirectly, by means of bayonet rui.e i*ijd bayoaet law «s7xm ttie people of tDe I United States, none have figured so coc i spicuously, so earnestly, afcd so effac.ually, | as Charles Sumner and Benjamin F. : i Butler, of Massaehuse'ts —the tail end of [ American greatness in the 1 Congress of the United States; the unscrupulous, un principled aspirants for the mantle of i'aniel Webster; the living slanderers "of Republicanism; the artful sappers of Divine Inspiration, and the destroyers of Public Faith. Each is cold, selfish, delib erately and desperately wicked, full of envy, malice, and all unoharitableness, and of the ambition of Beelzebub, with all his chicanery and subtleness One prospers by classical theft, while the other succeeds by premeditated sensuality. One, impotent, displays a picture gallery costing thousands, and a colored house keeper in the Senate galleries for equality; tho other dispenses a grocery of wholesale magnitude, for liberty and Republicanism; while both sap freedom to its foundations, and in its naoae, through plunder, robbery and persecution, pave tho way for tyranny and oppression. Florida Seekers. The Northern inclination for Florida lands and a home in the Land of Flowers, instead of diminishing seems to be on the iuere'se. Whether this desire proceeds from an ex. eetation that the emigrant wiff | discover what DeSoto searched for, the fountain of percuuial youth or the charm which allured the authoress ot that ex- j quisite fiction, “Uncle Totn’o Cabin,” i Mrs. Beeetter Stowe, we cannot say. We doubt if there can bo found an Uaele Tom 1 or a Topsey in all Florida, or a fountain of health and perennial life; still, as Northern ; friends look to the flowery Peninsula, which, in comparison with Georgia, is a land in which, if you thrive, you cannot live, and if you live you cannot thrive, we submit the following‘description and directions, taken from an exchange, as truthful, by experience: “Now a word to the emigrant. If you wish to cultivate a general farm crop, such as can be reared in. Southern Georgia, set tle along the railroads in the northern parts of the State. 11 you want tropical fruits as a speciality, settle on Indian river. If fruits, vegetables, and convenience to market is desired, get on or near tho St. John’s. If sugar cane, long staple cotton, society, schools, etc., are wanted, go to Marion county. If cattle raising i3 the occupation sought, got somewhere between Lake Monroe and Indian river, or near Charlotte harbor. If you wish to go into tho saw-mill business, anywhere on the St. John’s or the Oolewaha, especially at Mclonville, is admirably adapted to it, if the timber has not been cut away too far from the water. A small saw-mill nffght do well in almost any interior neighborhood. “If a hermit’s devil may-care, good, easy, lazy, half beggar, half philosopher sort of existence is the desideratum, build abut on an island in the Indian river, get a boat and you are fixed in the most salu brious clime in existence, and of all places, the easiest to make a living in. Remem» her that, Florida, though old, is anew State. Great privatic. in so :e particu lar must be endured, especially in regard to maikcts, society, etc. But the popula tion is rapidly increasing, and real estate has, in many places, whilst declining in other Southern States, advanced in this one a thousand per cent. Those who visit it in the winter for the benefit of the climate, are the wealthiest and most highly educated people in New York, Boston, and other Northern cities. Last year, it is said, they numbered 30,000, of whom i ten per cent, were confirmed invalids, this year only about 8,000 have visited ■ the State. “Valuable fisheries are canied on about | Key West, Bay BiscayecDe, Charlotte I harbor, and all along Indian river.” Tlie Fourth Estate. In his speech yesterday at the com mencement of the Medical College, the orator, with becoming modesty and exaet justice, subordinated law to medicine and medicine to that which has for its calling the gentle, love-diffusing humanity and the sublime wisdom of the Diety, as manifest ed i 1 Christ’s holy religion. But he did rank injustice, doubiless through mere in advertence, by pretermitting that proses- I sion which is tbe peer of all professions— the iuieiior of none-TUE editorial profession. A profession whose founda ‘ tion rests upon the art preserva ■ tive of ail arts —which records and , diffuses the teachings of Divine Jttevela | tion and warns the approach and j guises of error—which marks the advance of science and collates, scrudnizingly, and pjrpetuates and diffuses its truths wi h unselfish hands and unrestrained largess— which has done more for intellectual free dom and intellectual development, and for civil and religious liberty, than ail other professions combined —which gives to each succeeding age the knowledge attained in the past as a stepstone and jots down, with unfaltering justice, its errors as warn ings—which possesses a contemporaty in fluence, world-wide, while its records are for all coming time —which regards neither rich nor poor, nor powerful nor ex.ilu ’. but deals, with even-handed justice, w.th the king in his palace and the pauper in his hovel—which exalts worth and dissects pretension—which combats error and prejudice and tradition and deep rooted custom, but cultures God’s great gifts to man—which expands morality, enlarges benevolence and is the foe to superstition and tyranny —the Press in its Freedom and Integrity—the power which has and will control the destinies of human liberty and the American Republic. New Paper in Macon-— We have re ceived the prospectus of anew paper to be issued in Macoo, on or about the sth inst., under the title ot The Journal It will be published daily and weekly, and will be devoted to the interests ot the i South. The prorrietors are Messrs. Neville, Harrison & Ricks, all practical printers. We tender them our best wishes. Rome, M rch 2, noon. —For the first time since 1850 tbe police wiE permit masks at the Carnival. Weather unfavora ble. Whiitemore's Re-Election. Radical correspondents say that Whitte more has been promised money enough to go back to South Carolina and secure bis re-election. We have no doubt of it, bat we greatly doubt it mon y will secure bis re-election unless ballot stuffers are secu-ed. It is within our knowledge that there is in possession of a gentleman of South Caroliua a very damaging confes sion of Whittemore, which hitherto has 1 been withheld from personal obligations. , W e hope, ii the Reverend carpet-bagger , eject, attempts to ran in the same district |it will be given to the public. We see no reason why it should be withheld longer ' after the cadetship affair. : Hon. VV. Munger of Hliioon the Apostle of treat Moral Ideas and Author of the Higher Law, In his late speech in the House of Repre sentatives on the question of Cuban bel ; Lgerancy, he embraced tbe opportunity to portray the Modern Apostle of “Great [ Moral Ideas” and the Author of the \ Higher Law of the American Republic.” j Being unable to complete his oration gith iu the time prescribed by the rules of the House of Representatives, Mr. Monger asked and obtained leave to print, (Do un usual thing) all that which was d.fivered, and that which he did not delivir. Tbe appearance of the speech in .he Globe created “a sensation” in Wash/tfgton, and has a committee of investigation and a resolution of censure. W T e extract from the Globe tbe following portions which have given so much offence to Mr. Sumner and his friends. Mr. Munger charged the gen itor from Massachusetts with “manu ■ facturiug a story as an excise or apology for his infamous course ajainst the Cu bans,” just as Sumner’s hs>it is with re gard to the South, and asserts that “the Senator was the untiring eulogist and apologist of Russian policy, and the in sidiously industrious opponent of the Hungarian cause,” and therefore ‘‘it is natural the apologist of Russian and Austrian Despotism shoult be the defen der of Spanish cruelty tnd tyranny.” But, says Mr. Munger, 11 when we find persons destitute of phys'iad and moral manhood, what can we expset of them ?” “Some of tho worst tyrants in history, despots, leaders of factions and religious zealots, remorselessly crushed and bloodily persecuted their opponents, who, when opportunity offered, often retaliated in kind. Yet, iu the midst of their excesses, deeds ot daring and gleams of magnanim ity and mercy threw occasional light on the sombre and sanguinary picture. Some unknown hand, it is recorjed, even strewed flowers upon Nero’s gra>e. But the rule of mnsexed men in the declining periods of the Reman and Byzantine empires, through effete Princes, led to a more pro found demoralization than was ever before known. ‘The influence of these beings,’ says a French writer, ‘was mote fatal than that of the most fanatical or ascetic r.onks.’ To the latter, indeed, Wi,re by their vows denied the joys of matrimony and the feelings of paternity. Yet the ic- \ stinctive aspiration was ia their breasts, I and precluded from lavishing itself on the individual family it sometimes touchingly expanded so as to comprise in its benevo lence the wide family of the human kind, and to produce a Las Casas or a Fenelon. In their worst phase of character the mis guided and atrocious zeal inch led them to doom others to the stake induced these persecutors when persecuted in turn fearlessly to face it. Tbe enuch not only, had po experience of those feelings, but he even had no conception. A sad monstrosity of man’s creation, he could not rise to the level of human sympathies. He was inspired only by the most grovel ing passions and euvious of all virility, physical and moral, worked out his insi dious policy by intrigue and craft. Not his the ever direct, plain road, but the tortuous, slimy path, the devious ways of deceit and perfidy. Not his the tiger-like spring of brute force, the violence ot mas sacres and ostentatious rxecuticns. Frig idly vindictive ha crawled but surely to his end, the life-long gratifi cation of envy and misanthropic spite- His was the ingenious calumny, tbe pri vate dcnunci ition, thejoisoned cup, the secret strangulation, the noiseless immure ment in the dungeon’s depths and the frightful torturings which solaced his malignity and unforgiving spirit. His policy, more cruel and more fatal than that of the v olence which inflicted bleeding gashes, sometimes to be cicatrized, upon a generation, emasculated cations after his own image, leaving them and their pos terity hopelessly degraded and to become the prey of the barbarian. Worse still, during centuries and down to our own time, this spirit and this uosexed policy has found imitators. It was a policy con genial to all cowardly despotisms. There is only one instance ia history, saered or profane, where an unsexed per son was a Christian; that is the fellow who went down into the water with Philip. Again, t' e malignity of these unsexed creatures is historic. * * During the late war the people had tyrants both iu the Norih and South. If it should be our misfortune ever to have tyrants again let them be mainly tyrants of brute force, not those who took their in spirations from the ennuebaof the Byzan tine empire, which Russia, of whose policy the Senator is the chief eulogist, repre resents, and which policy combines the tyranny of England over Ireland with the conditions of the contemptible Byzantine empire. * * This pretentious Senator, _ “the apostle of great moral ideas,” imposing on the unweary by attitudinizing superior virtue, elevated aspirations, and forensic dignity, isin faet only a political mixture of the characters of Pecksniff and Turvey drop, ot the cant of one and the deport ment of the other. * * Os course all of these ennuchs were men of “high moral ideas,” and had an active aud insiduous finger in the secta rian disputes of Arians and AthaDasians ; and were successful instigators of the sanguinary persecution to which these dis putes gave rise.” Hard on that American Party. The Jenkins, The Gnat Washington Jenkin6 of the New York Herald, records the celebratim of tbe birth-day of that memorable Rebel, George Washington, at tbe White House, as the “LaidesDay” of tbe Presidential Mansion. This was most appropriate, becomingly appropriate and (.harming; and charming, delightful Jenkins, telb how Mri. Grant wore “black velvet with satin and lace trimmings,” “with her black hair beautifully coiffeured and bound with blue ribbon,” who used to wear “cheap barege;” and “the unpre tending Galena tanner, rough Missouri wood-hauler, the Kossuth-hatted, sun burnt, cigar-smoking subjugator of five hundred thousand men in battle array,” is overcome by tbe blandishments and seductions of the National Capital, and ceases to be “a country squire and becomes a town gentleman,’ ana “turns out the pick of perfection” as the ieader of the gay world of fashion at Washington with “great and luminous success;” and how Mrs. Hamilton Fish reflected her love for the Father of his Country in lilac-colored silk end from her head-dress of the same color, with a coro nal of plumes and a scarf of gaoz'; and M. -Jadd, “the wire of an Illinois Rcpre ' sentative” displayed her love and venera | tion for him who was “first in War, first in ! Peace, acd first in the hearts of his coun . trymen,” in green ttik with lace trimming, with an overskirt of tulle; and Mrs. ' Postmistress Generalissimo Cresswell, her dear remembsrani* of “ the day we celebrate,” by a suit of lueifer velvet and silk, with a whits velvet bonnet; and how ail the other notablea and nota i bilifies— Miss Susan B. Antony and Honorable Hiram Revels, most potent, grave and Reveread Senator from Mis sissippi and “getnen ob color,” alone exoepted—exhibited their reverential ■ memories in lemon colored moire , with apple-green over-skirt and pearls; and ■ stone-colored poplin elegantly trimmed with scarlet satin; and blue corded silk, with point lace triamings; and palo straw colored silk, with Heavy white satin over -1 drees trimmed with point lace, and with field flowers and diamond powder; and pink silk, with tarlatan over-dress and dead gold ornaments; and coffee-colored satin trimmed with rich point lace; and rose colored silk with white Swiss aud Val enciennes trimmings; and with heavy black silk trimmed with scarlet, and white j opera cloak tnd powdered hair. Jenkins and the occasion sets the Herald | to philosophizing with Ophelia, to the ; effeet that, “we kuow what we are, but I know not what we may be," and to : prophesy that it may be that yet some wooly-headed Timbuctoo Creole may fill the Executive Chair as a pink of perfec tion, and lead the fashion in the gay and festive capital, and some dark complected Chihuahuan do the honors of the “Nation’ ’ at the National White House ; and toeon gritulate the people that, “under General j Grant, the new social era of a reunion of j the North and South with the East and West—whites, niggers, Indians aud all — is inaugurated ; and surely such a reign of fashion will follow in Washington, and of “liberty, equality and fraternity,” as was never dreamed of by Captain Tyler, Old Zack Taylor, Old Hickory, or old Tom Jefferson-” Another Amendment to the “National” Cons Bunion to b o Proposed. i A call for a meeting has been j circulated, to be held at Pittsburg, | Pennsylvania, on this day, March 3d, : to remedy newly discovered defects in j the “National” Constitution, and to pro vide a remedy therefor, l>y devising a Six teenth Amendment. The defects discov ered are stated in the circular as follows: “The Constitution of the United States makes no acknowledgment of Almighty I God, the author of national existence; nor of Jesus Christ, who is the ruler of na tions; nor of the Bible, which is the foun tain of law and good morals, as well as of religion.” It will be useless, of course, to speculate in advance of action as to what the nature of the amendment will be; whether it will simply enunciate the omitted doctrines as articles of "National Political Faith,” or go further and declare that Congress shall have full power to enforce the provisions by enactment. But whatever the action of the Pittsburg reformers may be, there can be no doubt that the ratification of the amendment can easily be secured. The process for free.ratifications of constitu tional amendments has been greatly sim plified by Radical ingenuity. A Major- General to poll each State Legislature, a brigade or so of soldiery and a carpet-bag Provisional Governor is all that is requisite. The difficulty, therefore, will not be as to ratification, but in devising an amendment to suit the higher law views of Butler and Sumner —not at Washington but at Pitts burg. The Pittsburg Convention should take counsel of Butler aod Sumner. The Connecticut Democracy. The election in the State of Connecticut takes place on the 4th of April.— At the last election, 1889, Jewell, Republican, was elected Governor over English, by a majority of 411, the whole vote polled being 90,575. English has again received the no aina tion at the hands of the gallant Demo cracy, which, undismayed by defeat, throws its banner to the breeze from the following platform : “ Resolved , That the Democracy of Con necticut now, as in the past, occupy the proud position of the defenders of the true principles of constitutional freedom, based upon the equality of the States ; and for the success of their cause, reiy upon the intelligence of the people and their devo tion to the same ideas illustrated by the example of the lathers in the purer days | of the Republic. “Resolved, That the State of Connec ticut is to-day the same “free and inde pendent State’’ that it has been for more than two huudred years, with full powor to deeiare who shall and who shall oot be clothed with the elective franchise within its borders, and when this power is forcibly taken way, and its ballot-boxes subject to the hireling soldiery of the gen eral government, the State wiil have los its coasted sovereignty and become de graded to the position of a conquered province. Resolved , That the 15th amendment (so-called) to the Constitution of the Unit ed States, is in no sense an amendment to said instrument, but is a radical change thereof, striking at the principle of S-ate rights, which lies at the base of the com pact formed by the various States in the Convention of 1788 ; and its forced and fraudulent adoption at the point of the bayonet will be the deadliest blow ever struck at the sovereignty of the States and liberties of the people. “ Resolved , That the Democracy of this State now, as heretofore, are the strenuous advocates of a tariff for purposes of rev enue only. That the principle of‘protec tion for the sake of protection’ is at war with the diversified interests of the people of the States, and experience has shown its tendency to aggrandize a class in the community at the expense and to the in jury of the producing and laboring mil lions, taxing their industry equally in violation of the authority of the Com titu tion and of the great principle that should govern this people in their intercourse with the family ofpations. ’'Resolved, That the Demoeracy of Con necticut, by the action of their State Con vention, in 1862, denounced the legal ten der act as a Congressional usurpation up on the lett r and spirit of the Constitu tion, and in violation of the rights of the people of the States. In 1870, the Su preme Court ol the United States affirms the position assumed by us in 1862, and we reiterate the declaration that there shall be hue one currency for the govern ment and the people, and that one the con stitutional currency as proclaimed by Andrew Johnson, and we call upon the administration to aid us by honesty and economy in the public service, in the res toration of that currency to the uses of the people. Resolved That the language of Mr. Dawes, of Massachusetts, in which he as serts that in the work of government econo my, “the House could expect no aid from the other end of the Capitol (meaning the Senate), or from the other end of the Avenue” (meaning the President), should startle the country, and arouse all good men to unite in overthrowing a profligate administration, which is confessedly ex travagant and reckless at a time when all business interests are perishing under their heavy burdens, and labor is being paralyzed with intolerable taxation. Resolved, That the bill now before Con gress for the purpose of changing the laws regarding naturalization is a direct at tack upon all foreigners seeking the United States as a home for themselves and fami lies. And the present corrupt and unprin cipled leaders of the Republican party haring destroyed the constitutional rights of the people of all the States, robbing them of the power to determine the status of the citizen, now seek to degrade the white immigrant below the level of the na tive negro. Resolved , That the Democracy of Con necticut sympathize with the people who straggle for freedom everywhere, and send foeir cordial greetings to the patriots of Cuba, who are now valiantly contending for t heir freedom and their rights. Resolved , That a direct tax levy in Con necticut of over eight hundred thousand vluilaJ:*, beanies a half million more upon savings banks and other corporations, is a larger amount than should be taken from the peojrfe annually; and we demand that the public burdens be diminished by equality in taxation, and economy in the expenditures. Resolved, That in presenting the hon ored name of James E. English, as our candidate lor (governor, we do so with full confidence that we appeal -to the best judgment of a large majority of the peo ple, and the sound patriotism of the State, and in the candidates associated with him, we feel assured that worthy representa tives of the people and their best interests have been selected. Raleigh, March 2, p. m.—A bill re pealing all acts of the Legislature author izing a special -tax on bond* or requiring taxes to be levied to pay interest on these bonds has passed by large majorities. The House of Representatives, by alarge majority, has refused to provide for any interest on either old or new bonds. New York, March 2, p. m.—Edwards whipped Collier in forty-five rounds. Collier was knocked out of timo on the | forty-first round. A New.Womes ’s R gins Movement. ! The Deseret (Salt Lake City) Evening ; News reports the proceedings of a Femi- I nine Convention of Female Mormons, ; presided over by one Mrs. Isabella Horne, i (how many more Mrs. Horne’s present not stated), at which, among others, the I following resolu ions were passed : Resolved, That wc, realizing the many evils growing out of the exceis and ex travagaoee which our present eustoms require ia the great varieties of dishes de manded iu table entertainments, do mu tually agree to unite our efforts in sustain ing by our examples table retrenchment in all of our visitiqg associations and so cial parties. Resolved, That inasmuch as many of our good and worthy citizens are deterred from inviting eompany by the consideration that they cannot compete with their more affluent neighbors, and are thereby deprived of many rich and profitable interviews, we say that henceforth any table neatly spread, with no matter how plain, but wholesome, food shall be consideted fashionable. After adjournment, Mrs. Horne, number one, or number seventy-cue, as the case may be, makes a prac ica! app ication of the theory expressed in th* resolution, by seating the entire assembly at a neatly spread retrenchment table, garnished with bread and butter, stewed and dried apples, ont kind of cake, blauc mange, cream and preserves and cold water. Mrs. Horne may preside at the national White House yet! The New Hampshire Election. The election for State officers and mem bers of the Legislature in New Hampshire takes place on Tuesday, March Bth. The Republicans have nominated Governor Stearns for re-election. The Democracy have pitted against him General John Bedell, who was the candidate of the party last year. Besides the regular tickets, there are Labor Reform and Temperance candidates iu the field, the list of candi_ dates being as follows : Governor. Road Oommis’r. Democratic.... J Bedel. MTDonohoe. Republican....o Stearns. CPGage. Temperance...L 0 Farrows. II 0 P.erce. Labor Reform. 8 Flint. G Roberts. Last year the whole vote for Governor was 67,781, of which Stearns had 35,777 votes, and Bedel 32,004 votes, leaving the Republican majority 3,773. In the Legis lature there was a Republican majority of 59 on joint ballot —the Senate standing 9 Republicans to 3 Dsmocrats, and in the House 193 Republicans to 140 Democrats This year the political situation is much altered by the appearance of the new elements in the field. AFFAIRS IN NK W YORK. The Decline in the Gold Premium—Ex citement in Business Circles— When We May Expect Lower Prices all Around The Prices of Labor — Our Local Po litical War—The First Practical Result of an Honest Democracy—Theatrical Panic in Fourteenth Street, etc., etc. FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT. New York, February 26, 1870. Editors Chronicle & Sentinel: Wall street has had its exciting days during the past week, in a manner almost equal to the famous panic days of Septem ber. Again tbe gold room has been the scene of turmoil and agitation, and the stock exchange fully sympathized with all that transpired at the other end of the street. It is the opinion of a majority of people that the bottom has been knocked out of the gold premium at last, and while such an opinion prevails, it was of course but natural that every one having any gold to sell should rush to the market and dispose of it. There is more gold in New York at present than there is im mediate use for. and while Boutwell seems disposed to accept any price almost for the small amount the brokers are willing to take off his hands, it must be expected that the premium, which has been too high during the past six months sbould go lower. Os course speculators there are always who temporarily succeed in running up the premium, hut it is only temporarily. It may even go up again to 120, but its regular course is downward, and whoever does not shape his business in accordance with their view will turn out loser before the summer sets it. The mass of prop erty holders and heavy traders well under stand it, and already LOWER PRICES can be met with ia the various walks of trade and business. Rents, it is now plainly visible, are going down. Offices in Broad and Wall street which, last year, rented for $2,000 and $1,500 can now be had lor $1,500 and SI,OOO per annum. Tne same cau be said of all the stores and lofts, aloDg the streets that crosses lower Broadway and aloDg the great thorough fare itself. Now rent is a great item, and though we do not see much of a reduction in our necessaries of life, we are thankful for this item only, and hope for better times soon to come. In, however, oalling this reduction in gold to the attention of manufacturers aDd all those who employ labor, and enquiring of them why, in the I resence of the great reduction in gold, we do not find a corresponding decline in all articles necessary for daily life, we are constantly met by a reference tp THE PRICES OF LABOR. It is undoubtedly true that working men generally, comparing the price of gold with what it was seven years ago, obtain higher wages than ever before. True, they do not save any ro re, owing to the heavy taxation which sir rounds the people on all sides, and necessarily reacts terribly on the workingman, who has no capital but his hard earned wages, but the fact, nevertheless, remains that it ia the high price of labor which continues to kejp everything dear in this country not withstanding the lower prices at which gold is quoted. And in so far as the work ! ingmen cannot save anything more now than he did many years ago, it is of no use to talk ol reduction of wages until the ad ministration is wise enough to take ad vantage of the present favorable condition of the country and leduce the taxes. Re duce them and all classes will rejoice and resume that prosperity which has been banished from the republic during the past ten years. New York understands it, and while, for the present, its merchants are satisfying themselves w.th bravely fighting that abomination, called THE TARIFF which ha3just been Introduced into 000 gress by the Committee of Ways and Means, and is nothing else than “an act to favor certain New England and Pennsyl vania monopolies.” It is the home taxa tion I mean. Our internal revenue law will be ere long, the subject of severe on slaught on the part of those who hold the wealth of the country in their grasp. One thing at a time is the motto with the News York merchant, whieh always takes cessfully in its application. Once the new ' tariff is knocked into a cocked hat, our in ternal revenue laws will come in next for a share of their attention, and it is only then that the most of the people will enjoy the benefits from the decline in gold, which thus far has only kept the bankers and brokers in a state of fear and excitement. OCR LOCAL POLITICAL WAR is well nigh fought to an end. The honest Democrat*, Jed on by the World newspaper have made a desperate fight on the lead ! ers of the ring, who, during the past i years, have divided annually among themselves no less than twenty mil- I lions of dollars, and the result will ; beeome apparent ere long, when a municipal election to be held this spring will oust the meD, who, to day, have made the city government of New York a bye word and reproach to the Democratic par ty of the country. So successful has been the fight that numerous Republicans, now that their battle is fought and won, are arraying themselves again under the old Democratic banner, and with the best men in that party are helping to restore I efficiency and honesty _to our municipal council. The fight against the ring was a hard and bitter one, but it was so des -1 perately fought, that the enemy’s ranks as if pierced by Chase-pots were shattered j after the third and fourth fire, and now that their doom is sealed, they make even no further show of resistance. The first great PRACTICAL TRIUMPH of the honest Democracy, is the abolitiqu iof the Court of Special Sessions in this NEW SERIES, VOL XXVIIL NO. 1 city. I was w'ped out by legislative en actment last Digh alter a nard and severe struggle in its behalf by the political thieres. It was created iu 1865, for some purpose never really apparent, but any one who has watched the criminal proce dure in New York during the past five years, knows that through it more thiev> sand burglars escaped punishment than in any ; court. Police Magistrates, before whom ! robbers are always brought for preliminary examination, generally managed to hav such cases sent to the special sessions, while all cases of murder or asault where there was“no money in it,” were seat to the cou tof general sessions. A sort of ring composed of lawyer, judge and prosecu tor, always mysteriously managed the Court of Special Sessions. While $5,000 a piece to the two Judges, who presided over its deliberations, only made them more insolent and independent th->n they are already, were uuder a salary of SIO,OOO paid them as police Magistrates. THEATRICAL PANICS. While Wall street has its panics, Four teenth street sometimes does not remain behind in excitement. Virtually, the Fourteenth street pauic, during the past week, has been more severe in its remets to certain class of people than the one in Wall street. Three theatres have closed their doors since Monday last. First the French theatre, then the Italian Opera, and last, but not not least, Tamma Dy. “Want of patiouage “was the excuse in all cases, but in the French theatre a right down swindle upon the people accompa nied the closing hours of Opera Bouffe. The money was taken at the doors and there was no performance. Perhaps this is Opera Bouffe with a vengeance ! Argus. Cotton States' Mechanics and Agricultural Fair Association.- -Ex- Governor Bonham, ot South Carolina, thus expresses himself upon tho impor tance of the enterprise, not only to Georgia, but to his own State. It should be a source of the greatest satisfaction and en couragement to' our Association to find such men as Governor Bonham interest themselves so thoroughly in their success : Edgefield C. H., South Carolina, ) February 28, 1870. j Mr. E. H. Gray , Secretary : Dear Sir: Your letter of the 26th inst. is just reoeived, in which youmform me of my being elected, as Vice President of your “Fair Association” for this State, and of the desire of the Association that I ac cept the office tendered. * Be pleased to return the Association my thanks for their consideration. I ac cept with pleasure, and shall be happy to co-operatc with the Board in every way to oariry out their purpose. Tbe sections of Georgia and South Carolina around Au gusta are so much identified in contiguity, interest and association agricultural and otherwise, it is eminently proper that the people should unito in so interesting and important an enterprise. I requested a frimd to enter my name fora share of the stock. If may not have been done. Do put my name down for a share, and apprise me when necessary of such payments as are to be made thereon. Yours, very respectfully, M. L. Bonham. Blodgett Flayed by “Mac.” Tbe correspondent of the Cincinnati En quirer, writing from Washington, is pret ty heavy on the “Little Perjurer " In his letter, of the 18th, the following co curs: A GEORGIA SENATOR. The work of reconstruction still pro gresses with its stink ot infamy and its rotten shine of loyalty ; and one after another the Southern States are emptying their cir-pet-baggers and scrubs into the halls of Congress. Now oomes Georgia with a Senator elect in the person of Mr. Foster Blodgett—the leader of the Repub lican party of the State. Do you know Blodgett’s record? I do; fori learned it a few years ago in the city of Augusta, where he lives. At the outbreak of the war he was tbe meanest and most malig nant rebel in the State. When Alexander H. Stephens was speaking, in language which, in the light of subsequent events, reads like the inspiration of prophecy, against secession—disavowing its causes and foretelling its consequences this man Blodgett was organizing « Vigilance Committee in Augusta to hang every man who lifted his voice in favor of the Union. Stephens, who lives near Augusta, was one of his threatened victims, and Blodgett did his best to incite mob vioj lence against that great and good man. He remained at his home during the en tire war, pgoiecuting Union men, but too great a coward to exposo himself to the hazards of the battle-field. When peace came he rushed to Washington, pledged himself to the support of Johnson’s ad ministration, and was appointed Postmas ter of Augusta. He took the iron-clad oath without any reservation—whereupon he was indicted by the Grand Jury for perjury—indicted by men who knew his record, and many of whom had been the victims of his villainy ia the days of seces sion. I have lost sight of the matter since, and do not know whether or not he was ever tried for his crime. Bat now he looms up as the par excellence of Georgia, and the people are called upon to sbout and clap their hands at tbe return of an “erring sister State” under a policy which puts a premium on villainy- and exalts treachery into a virtue by the election of a fellow like Blodgett. I can’t see it in that light. I would rather rejoice over the dismemberment ol the Union with thirty-seven petty republics ruled and con trolled by men of honor and integrity, than over the consolidation of thirty-seven States with one Republic ruled by scoun drels. But the Radical answer to all such arti- i cles as this is ready made—“ Democratic hate of men who repent of thoir participa tion in the rebellion.” Not at ail. If the cowardly crimes of Blodgett are to be for given by the Republican party, why not the brave crimes oi others ? My objection is to the policy which allows such a man as Blodgett to rise to power on the po litical ruin of the men who were associated wi'hhim in the work of secession. Why make a “traitor” of Toombs and a “pat riot” of Blodgett? The question answers itself, and shows the slimy filth of Con gressional reconstruction ail the way through, from its first act to its last. Mr. Toombs could be a “patriot,” too, if be were not a gentleman. Doubtless be, too, could be taken to the bosom of tbe loyal party if he would but denounce his old comrades in secession, applaud their disfranchisement, and help to trample them with the heel of military tyranny. And thus the work of reconstruction goes on—filling the highest posts of trust and honor in America with the vilest wretches on the face of tbe earth —and succeeding such men as Toombs and Stephens in the balls of Congress with the Blodgetts and Blackguards of the Southern States. Pro ! ceed, gentlemen, and all ye conscientious i debt-payers walk up to the captain’s office | and settle tbe bill. The liabilities ct the | "war for the Union*’ arc but thr»« thou sand millions ; the assets are Blodgett, Revels, and negro suffrage. Wheat Prospects.-The Rome Courier states that there was never a bettor stand of wheat in North Georgia and Alabama hat this season of the year than there is now, and that fully the usual amount has been sown upon better prepared land than in former years. Similar cheer ing prospects reach ns from Middlo George as to the condition of the crop, but car information leads ua to be lieve that the area sown will fall a little short oflast year. The income from tho wheat crop wa3 the salvation of planters’ cotton crop as to prices last year, as it ena bled farmers to discharge much of iheir current liabilities for wages, provisions, &c., and thereby avoid pressing cotton to market- The wheat crop must hereafter play a very important part in our econo my, as the income derived from it comes at a season of the year when farmers are bare and have but little or nothing upon i which they can realize by sending to market. It has already wrought a won ■ derful change. It is but a few years since the bulk of our flour came from tbe North, and brands, such as “Hiram Smith” “Tennessee Mills,” “Roohester Extra ; Family," were to bo found everywhere, i Now, however, these brands are never heard of, and instead of importing flour, we export largely of Georgia flour and wheat, and realize handsomely in advanoe ot Northern and Western orops, not only because our wheat is new crop, but be cause it is better, being winter grown and not spring sown, whiot[ is inferior- | BY TELEGRAPH. FROJ WASHINGTON. [special dispatch to the chronicle t SENTINEL. 1 Washington, February 28, P. M. It 13 understood that a majority of the Judiciary Committee will report that several irregularities did occur in the or ganisation of the present Georgia Legisla ture, and that a reoiganiiation wiil be necessary befpre the admission of the State into the Union. The action of General Terry in unseat ing several members is not fully sustained. The election of Blodgett as United States Seaator will be declared illegal, as the present Legislature expires during tbe present year, and the new Legislature has the authority to elect a Senator for the term to which the Legislature elected Blodgett. The decision has not yet been made on the claims of Hill and Miller, or those of the Bayonet Senators. If the Committee declares the former to be entitled to their seats, theie will be a big fight in the Senate over their credentials. The Committee meets to-morrow, and may come to a final conclusions. It looks now as though several weeks will be con sumed over Georgia, and Texas will come into the Union before her. Bullock is at hs3 old tricks here, but does not seem to hold as many trumps as formerly. Washington, March 1, P. M. Captain Bryant laid before the members of both Houbes of Congress to-day a strong anti-Bullock pamphlet, entitled “Laws of Congress in Relation to the Georgia Casa.” The Bryant delegation are work ing vigorously, and are hopelul as to the snocess of their mission. Powerful influences will be brought to bear iu the interest of Georgia at the proper time. Her friends are increasing daily, especially in tho Senate. Senator Cons liug, of New York, is expected to scarify Bullock when the Georgia question comes up. There are many conflicting reports iu circulation respecting the Georgia Sena torsliips, bat no decision has yet been reached by the Judiciary Committee. In case ot the rejection of the nomina tion of Strong to the Suoreme Bench, an effort will be made to induce the President to nominate Judge Caldwell, of Arkansas, for Supreme Judge of the Southern Cir cuit. The Southern and Western Sena tors have taken a determined stand against the appointment of a Northern man to the por-ition. Washington, March 2, P M. Bull ok appeared and read a printed pamphlet before the Senate Committee to-day. It was principally devoted to abuse of J. H. Caldwell, though rebels, traitors, ku klux, and anti-Bullockit s gen era ly, are characteristically denounced. Bullock in it says that he holds the Governorship of the State at a great pecuniary sacrifice to himself, and is quite ready to resign t any time if by so doing he can further tho foimotion of the Re publican Government in Georgia. He will not resign, however, because of Rebel fault-finding and abuse. There were no remarks from Bryant and his delegation or atiy important verbal statement in reply. The Judiciary Committee reported to the Senate to-day. The report recites the manner of the oiganization of the provisional State gov ernment and detailed the circumstances at tending the organization of the House and the part taken therein by Harris. A stat iment is then made of the aotion of General Terry in directing the expulsion of certuin .ersons from the Legislature until their cases should bo favorubly reported upon by a military commission which he organized, and three members eleot were thus excluded and the admission of other persons delayed until they should be re lieved from their political disabilities. Upon this history the Committee says it is constrained to say that, in its opinion, the before mentioned action of the military authorities was not authorized by the law. The Legislature elected in Georgia was intended by Congress to take tho plaee of a Provisional Government as a permanent one. This seems perfectly clear, and the same view was taken by the General of the Army in his order to General Meade of March 21, 1868. The correction of any misapprehension of the act of Congress cou u be made by Congress, but not by the military. The action of the House in after wards admitting persons who had been can didates against persons so excluded, bet who received only a minority of the votes cast, is considered by the committee as unwarranted by the law, and persons then admitted were not lawfully entitled to seats in the Legislature. The committee, therefore, report that iu the following respects the organization of said Legislature has not been warranted by law : First. In the control and direction of its proceedings by Hai ris. Second. In the exclusion from taking the/ oaths, and from their seats, of three members elect who offered to be sworn in. Third. In the seating ot persons not ha. ing a majority of votes at the election. In conclusion, the Committee state thist they teel justified in omitting to re commend any further legislation on the gui jeot. lc is thought that this report vitiatcß the election of Blodgett, Whitely and Fat row. Tho Georgia bill will not come up in tho Hou e tili the IndiaD appropriation bill is disposed of Railroad Station Indicator. Among the many notices of this uselul in vention, a correspondent of the Cincinnati ; Gcz tte, accompanying the recent Green- Hue excursion on the Georgia Central, : writes as follows: I ‘ The dav Dasseneer coach which runs ; regularly upon the road is the most com- I pi. to I have ever seen. Besides being ha.idsomely constructed, each car is fur isl od with a large dial that answers for I tbo and able purpose of a time keeper and to announce each place that you are ap |pr aching. Instead of having the brake | m;- n yell to you at each little station, the name of the place, or rather scream out so-, tthing you do not understand, his ! c!<- ' reeps the passenger constantly ad an-- ■ -hen. V. learn from General W. S. Walker, s on- i the proprietors of the patent, that it t >w introduced on the first-class pas i »et - cars of the day trains on the folio v ; int ads : The Atlantic and Western, the i -orgia, the West Point, the Maoon aoe \V estern, tbe Georgia Central, the . Atlantic and Gulf, tbe South Carolina, ! the North Eastern, tbe Savannah and I Charleston, and the Charlotte. Columbia and Augusta Railroads. The instruments : are ready to be placed on the Brunswick and Macon, and the Southwestern and Muscogee, and the roads terminating in New Urleansand Mobile. The instruments are simple in their construction and easy of management, and we are glad to see the appreciation of the railroad authorities by their general adop tion of the instrument which supplies a want often felt by the traveller.^ We trust also that the conductors, whr are also oenefitted by it, will give it that attention which it requires. The enterprise depends upon the patronage of tbe public for its success, and we cordially commend it as not only a most useful and ingenious in strument, but one which will help to be guile many a weary hour of railroad travel Columbia, March 2, p. m.—The South Carolina Legislature adjourned last night. The bill to authorize investment of trust ands in State bonds became a law. Ap- I propiuatioo* were also made to pay the in terest oo the State debt in
