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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1866-1877 | View Entire Issue (April 6, 1870)
OLD SERIES, VOL. LXXVII. (Catomtlc & fcntind. fin «•# or -hi awnfMiod. DAU.ir. . Or. mouth Th «• iqmCi* -fJJ On** J*»r 1J - (IE|VW Till-WCEK.LT. ..*« TJw mouth* . f2 «* *k*Ki.r. *n^uiT*.,j im WKDFMtBf>U MORXIfG, APRIL 6 Begiuni n% to Keatoiii Senator Howe, of Wisconsin, does not Mtetn willing that the perambulation citizeD o 1 the United Stales, and Senator of Neva da, shall do all of his thinking. Stewart tLought it altogether reasonable that Congress should give Bullock and bis friend Blodgett the two years wore of State Road earning t which they asked for. Mr. Howe answered: “If the fjtate of Georgia wants them to office for two years more, the people of Gear;/!,i can elect them next fall, can they not J his staggered Stewart, hut ho rallied , all his native powers of brass, and J mumbled out something about not having j ime to put the machinery in opera- j tion for a fair election, and gently | insinuated that Howe was igooraut of the maimer, although quite willing for I success, of manipulating fair elections; j and, therefore, could not reason correctly j upjn such matters. This touched sorely j the Wisconsin Senator, and gave the per- j ambulatiag citizen the benefit of an inde pendent idea, tbusly: “I may be unreasonable, but my idea is —and I wish the Senator to get the benefit of it—that a Ooverninent which cannot control the State the. next week after we give it power, it is not worth while, to licep it in power, and the sooner we net rid of it the. Letter.” Altogether unexpected, the unfortunate recipient of the idea wan floored. Sumner became very much interested in foreign affairs, particularly about San Domingo, and, therefore, could give the iunooent no succor, but kind hearted Revels came to his relief and ministered unto the unfor tunate fallon—trying “Da, now ! you’so ain t hurt much. He’s mean. VVuss dan Andy Johnson, to hit a lellow on his own side and ho ain’t expecting of it!’’ The Radical <suery. The Cincinnati Gazette asks : Is it necessary to disfranchise tho whole people of'Goorgia in order to give protection to the blacks? If so, why arc we bothering with reconstruction and the pretense of allowing the people ol' tho South to elect their governments ? And what, is to pro tect them after two years ? Shall wo then reconstruct ugain ? Surely if it is neces sary to forbid the inhabitants for two years from electing their officers, their will be as mueli necessity for prolonging tho disfran chisement indi finitely; for in the naturo of things tho disfranchised will grow more revengeful as they have a longer accu mulation to revenge. To this we reply that protection to the blacks is not that, which the Bullock lladi uls desire. If all tho whites in the Stato were disfranchised or prohibited from vo ting, Bullock, Blodgett <fc (jo., would * mill cry lor legal protection and prolonged terms of office. The Gazette does rot seem to get the “hung” ol’ its own party in Georgia. Tho Stato Road yields a revenue somewhere from SOOO,OOO to a million of dollars per annum, and pays into the Statu Treasury $45 ,000 every six months. The balance of the earnings go ibr loyalty. Then thoro is a nice little split in the party. Mr. Angior is tho Treasurer of the Stato, but he has offended the dignity of his Exnresscleney. His Kxpresselouey, therefore, beeomes Treas urer as well as Governor, and likes it. If any black man votes against him, he is a “icbel,” and as to white opponents to «x --eouiivo appropriations, they are Ku klux. The lleut of tlie Eurtli* The accepted theory concerning the heat of the earth is, that after a short distance from tho surlaoo hax been reached, further approach toward the centre is marked pro gressively by increased heat- Explorations have exhibited an unvarying law and pointed to the deduction that the earth's centre is a molten mass. St. Louis, at the cost of some SIOO,OOO lias boon in search of water by boring to the depth of 3843 j feet. Almost every va riety of strata kuown in geology has been passed through, affording, as the engineer states, a good opportunity for the study of tho geological formations of the earth’s in terior. But tho remarkable fact noted is tho temperature indicated in the lowest stage of this Artcsiu well. At three thou sand feet the temporuture indicated was 106° Farenheit, but at thirty-eight ljun dred feet tho thermometer fell one degree, only indicating 105°. This well has been abandoned, but Col gress should be asked to insist upon its prosecution us a “national affair,” not only for the contributions to physical science, which farther exploration will insure but as a matter for fostering the trade and commerce of the country. It is quite plain, that if prior theory of pro gressive heat is erroneous, and really there is no fiery lake to intervene (as nothing short of such a lake eau stop American enterprise), we make a short cut of 8,000 miles through to the Orient, while all the rest of the world goes around 25,000, and France by way of the Suez Canal. Tlie Milk iu tlie Cocounut. Oerr .1 udge(?jA very, the loyal millionaire, who is connected with Conaut & Cos , and loyal dispatches to further the ends of Radicalism, now turns up, Col. Avery of the Brunswick and Alabama Railroad in Georgia, before the Special Committee of the House of* Representatives, in Wash ington. Certain capitalists propose under government guarantees and subsidies, to •establish steamship lines between Ameri can ports and Europe. A port south of Norlolk is to be selected. The Colonel is loyally disposed towards American trade and commerce, and is loyal to the Radical party aad his Kspresseleuey, if Bullock's -legislature can be maintained in power tag enough to correct the legislation •wtah makes the State’s endorsement for iueoc thousand per mile, in gold, of uo v aiue, md does not help to sell the en dorsed l»nls ot the “Georgia and Ala bama Road.' if the State’s endorsement fails, Aver* cannot establish the steamship line, nor build tht Georgia and Alabama Road. Ihe \\ Chronicle ot tne 22d instant, mokes \he following state ment : The special committee o„ t he condition I ot American C'liumcrce had u meeting on Saturday morning for the purpose of i hearing ihe representatives of ;i,e Medi terranean aud t irientul Steam Nav; g#t j on | Compaoy on their proposed line to the I Mediterranean, connecting with lines through the Sut». canal to India and j China. Col. Avery, of the Brunswick and Alabama Railroad in Georgia; Hiram W'albridge. W T ilhaai H. Webb, of New York; A. B. Bryant- of Boston; Gen. Barnum and others were present. The manager of the company explained, in de tail, the proposed plans, and showed the value of trade with the East through the Mediterranean and Suez cans 1. Colonel Avery stated that the establish ment of a steamship line connecting Bruns wick with the ports of Southern Europe was an enterprise absolutely demanded, and that his road would annually traos port a million bales of ootton to the sea board. The New York Tribune denounoes the income tax law as the most unequal, un fair, inquisitorial, perjury -provoking Ux ever imposed, and hopes it may not be re newed. ..*" . .... ” "-"• / ' e ‘The Mendozas. The chosen instrument to extend and perfect the tyranny of Charles V, of j Spain, was Don Diego fluirtado cc I Mendoza. Mendoza learned the art of governing in the armie* of his Imperial master. Spanish rule is the synonym of Spanish cruelty, which is above all cruelty. Its essential principles are : Might makes | right— terror is the keystone of govern ment—blood, the cement of stability death to opponents, surety of power. Mendoza, the bloody representative of imperial power, at the Court of Rome, overawed Paul, and persecuted, unrelent ingly and unceasingly, all Italians who dared to manifest a love of country or a love 1 of freedom. Captain General and Governor of Bienna, he crushed that republic and assigned its territory to the rule of Medici, and obliterated the spirit of Tuscan liberty. ; His rule was rule by bloodshed. Hated and abhorred by those he oppressed, he ; found relief and recreation from cares of ! State and the perpetual threat of the as- j sassin’s dagger in voluptuousjdalliancc with j olive brown maidens. Our Southern Mendoza has not to claim the reward at the bands of a single im perial master, but many. He cannot claim the decorations of royalty, but may, the rewards of Court. He is as far the superior of the Spaniard as this practical age is of that ideal —a3 the Winchester rifle is the superior of the arquibus. Even in the Spaniard’s time policy sometimes dic tated the etiquette of form and the solemnity ot the garrotte, then but a rude instrument with its hempen cord and stout lever, and upright post, to be developed afterwards by Spaniard Radicalism with an iron collar and a pointed steel to punc ture the spinal marrow. But our Mendosa disdains forms and is imt atient of delay. The Winchester rifle hurling a death bear ing cone —twelve in every minute—“is the best law.” His recreations, like his as pirations, are no doubt loyal. A Joab Stab. A Washington telegram says that whilst a Tennessee Radical was invoking the Reconstruction Committee to interfere in the affairs of his State, he remarked that some “of the Union soldiers who had set tled in the State had become Democrats or rebels, and, as he expressed it, it was well known tnat those who suddenly change their politics and become apostates were more or less bitter in their persecutions. The speaker said this in the most innocent manner, looking General Butler square in the face. All the committee, however, saw this unintentional sarcasm on their chairman, and there was quite a laugh among them.” Not Tired ul W ar. Grant, it is true, on the eve of the Presi dential election, said prayerfully, “Let us have' Peace.” But Grant was in the potential mood, and although a warrior, was not assured of success in a political contest; and, by the phraseology of his electioneering invocation, not altogether assured that bis prayer would find favor with his Radical constituents, who were scratching up tho grave of the Revolution, howling all the while, “the war is not over.” It seems that the President to be was more afraid, and thus far the facts justify his fears, of the battlefield scaven gers, than the General was of battalions in battle array. Now the Washington correspondent of the New York World tells us that : “There is no longer a doubt of tho issue which the Radicals in Congress, by the President, are prepared to force upon the South ami before the country. Alarmed by the certainty that the Southern States, reconstructed or unreconstructed, cannot further be relied on to sustain the Re publican party, and convinced by unmis takable signs that that party, u iifuccored lroin the South, cannot overcome the powers ariayed and rising against it in the North and West, in season for the next Presidential election, they are ready for the desperate resort of another civil war. Their legislation indicates this; their acts lead to it; nay, their leaders proclaim it here in the national capital. It is their purpose to regain and retain by military force, if possible, the ascendancy they have lost in the quarter where they vainly thought to have constructed of negro suf frage, and cemented with eari et-baggism, anew political stronghold. In Georgia, Tennessee and North Caro lina, tho three Southern States where symptoms of disgust at Radicalism and its Northern envoys are perhaps most salicnt ly manifest, the system of repression re solved upon is now surely destined to be applied, if the people of those States can bo goaded into furnishing a plausible ex cuse for it. In North Carolina Governor Holden has called for Federal troops, for suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, and for military commissions, with the object of oreatiDg a reign of terror and preventing the people from overturning in August the dynasty which has ruined the finances of that State. In Teunessee the Radicals, headed by their delegation in Congress who were elected in November, 1868, by fraud, now propose anew recon struction, the disfranchisement of the population, including the voters who voted for them then upon fraudulent certificates of registration, but have since turned against them, the overthrow of the present State government, and military rule. In Georgia, Bullock seeks to set aside the regular election in November next, know ing well that the people would, by an over whelming vote, expel him and his whole baud ot harpies. But even this policy is deemed by the bitterest partisans of the United States Senate less prudent and secure than The establishment in Georgia of a standiug army of Federal troops, eked out by a negro militia, to be stationed in Democratic coumies at the expense of the 'ocal (population, with military commis sions organized to convict. Such is liter ally the proposition introduced in the Senate on Friday by Mr. Drake, of Mis souri, and supported with rancorous vigor by him and several other Republican Senators on that day and to-day. Has !rolon Kobiuson Committed Homicide 1 Everybody in Middle Georgia knows the Reverend ex-editor ot the New Y ork Tri bune and famous metropolitan agricultu ralist; and everybody knows that Solon, is a mild mannered man, with white locks, but is utterly sceptical of the loyalty of every man who docs not buy his fertilizers and field implements or refuses to accept his metropolitan theories of agriculture, calculated for the meridian of New York, but admirably adapted to every locality, in every degree of latitude and longitude f.-om the equator to the poles. Well, Scion, has moved to Florida, whether in seareh of “The Fountain of Health” or to apply metropolitan theories in agriculture, does not appear. But, however that may be, he is a Floridian, aud as a Floridian has had his loyal rights disturbed by a loyal colored Fifteenth Amendment; and, there ia every reason to believe, has imbrued bis hands in loyal blood, as appears by the fol lowing narrative-, given by a Florida ex change, of the unfortunate circumstance : At about a quarter to one, while the rain was pouring, Mr. R. heard a singular noise, and direody after saw a faint flash. Was it the scratch of a match by seme member of the family ? No. For there uis again, the same sound. \\ as it the gtawfog of a rat ? No. There are none abo»t the house. Was it the scratching of a dog ar cat? No. These was the rapid thought* passing through Mr. R-’s mind. He is aocuntomed to the sounds made by oarpenter's tools, and he said to hi nisei t: “That is the sound of an augur-bit, and it comes from uiy front door. No doubt some fellow has spoiled one of the panel?. 1 will get up and see.” He did so. He did not make any noise. He did not in quire, “Who’s there?” It is sot his style. But he diverted his eyes and ears towards the door. Just then the burglar flashed his dark lantern outside, to see where to make the next hole. It shone through eight hales, already bored upon two sides of a square. Then Mr. R. stepped backward two steps and reaohed for his gun. In the mean time the boring went on, and in the mean time the bore of the gun was brought to a level with the borer. Then the light flash ed again, when the muzzle was advanced within half an inch of the last hole. The gunner waited. What for ? For the augur to commence again. The gunner wished to be sure that his mark was direct ly in front When the last hole was about half through, he pulled trigger. Some body outside said “ough”—a sort of Indian grunt—and went away wonderfully quick. Mr. R. immediately opened the door and invited the operator to stop and take an other dose. But he wouldn’t. He had already received a full charge of shot in front. The dead body of a colored man, shot through »be bowels, was seen in the woods north of this city, on Sunday last, by a colored woman named Caroline Sumpter. On Monday two colored chil dren were around begging subscriptions to bury a man who they reported had died suddenly on Sunday. No trace of the colored man has yet been found, but it is supposed that the mysterious deceased is the visitor whom Mr. Solon Robinson greeted with a charge of buck shot while boring through his front door on Satur day night. Beard and Bullock Call for Rifles. Simeon Beard, the Augusta mulatto, wound up his speech at the Washington Bullock meeting with these words : In conclusion, give us what we ask ; strike out the Bingham amendment, which ties us hand and foot. We don’t want soldiers ; we want the power to raise a militia; we want guns pat in our hands, and we will see_ whether we cannot protect ourselves. Give us this, and we will give you the State of Georgia evermore. [Ap plause. 1 Bullock’s speech was as follows. We quote from Forney’s Chronicle : Mr. Chairman. It was not my purpose to have said a word on this occasion, but I should certainly be insensible to the magnificent reception which has been given to the loyal representatives of Georgia to night, should I refuse to make a few re marks, at least, and while here I desire to refer to that matter which has been allud ed to by tho eloquent speakers who have pt eceded me, in regard to striking out a certain amendment to the Georgia bill, now before Congress. The amendment, my friends, seeks to determine in advance, a question which the loyal Legislature of Georgia asks to decide for itself. We are not here asking that the Congress of the United States, as some newspapers allege, shall perpetuate tho term of that Legisla ture. Wo simply ask that its terms shall not be cut off, and shortened in the inter est of the rebels. If Congress will give a decision in ro gard to this Georgia matter, which, in the opinion of maDy of the ablest lawyers, is the true one, and which is entertained by every loyal man in our State, we will not ask protection at the hands of the general government; we will be able to put a rifle in the hand of every loyal man in the State of Georgia. But we would do this in the interest of peace, and not for the purpose of oppressing any man. All we ask, as the rebels of old asked, is to be let alone. We desire simply to be allowed to carry out the constitution which the loyal people of Georgia adopted, and when I say the people of Georgia, I mean all the people, black and white. So Simeon Board and Rufus Bullock do notask protection at the hands of the gen eral Government. They want Winchester rifles in the hands of a loyal militia to pro tect them from rebel outrages in Georgia, This is a miserable subterfuge to cover up the peculatious of Bullock and his thiev ing ring of carpet-baggers and scalawags at Atlanta. If, however, Bullock and Beard earnestly advocate a regime to be inaugurated and sustained by the Win chester rifles, we have no doubt but the gauntlet will bo readily taken up. The people of Georgia earnestly desire peace, but if war is forced upon them by the knaves and incendiaries, who are working in the interest of discord and strife, they, the. authors, aud not their poor dupes, will bite the dust. But Bullock is too miserable a poltroon ever to put himself in a position where there is any danger of being bored by a Winchester rifle, so we don’t anticipate any trouble from him on this score. ‘‘Not Above Criticism.” One by one the more candid of the Rad ical press of the country confess that the administration of President Grant, which has been so fruitful of corruption in its first year, occasioned by the interest which prominent officials have in the various rings formed to rob the nation, is a failure. The latest instance we have seen is that of the Cincinnati Times, which says : "But President Grant is not above crif cism. We have often noticed the mis take he made at the outset in accepting largesses from the rich. We now notice that he has made himself a lobby member ot Congress in behalf of favorite measures. For example, in the matter of the San Domingo treaty, it is reported that his in terest in its ratification has tempted him to invite many of the Senators to the White House, who were calling upon him on Monday evening, Tuesday morning, aud also in the eveuing, and that he had thus won over several votes. This is not to act like a President. He is not a mem ber of the Senate, and to make himself a lobby member is scandalous. We implore President Grant to close up rather than open doors to corruption. Shall it he un derstood that jobbers must go to the White House for success ?” Winchester Rifles.— Scott, of South Carolina, appears to be trying to fix up things so as to have Whittemore go back to Congress ; and why not, since Cadet Butler was not expelled ? The Washing ton correspondent of the Louisville Com mercial writes, March 25: “Gov. Scott, of South Carolina, has determined not to order a special election in Whittemore’s district, for the reason that the colored people are determined to run a candidate, and Whittemore and his friends are equal ly determined that he shall stand for re election. The Governor will, therefore, wait till the regular election, when he thinks a compromise can be effected by which YVhittemore can come in for his unexpired term, and the colored maD for next Congress.” • Going South. —The Lexington Gazette , in announcing the departure of Genera Robert E. Lee on a Southern tour, says that he will be absent about a month, and that he will spend most of the time in Sa vannah, Georgia. He will stop in Warren toD, North Carolina, on his route, to revisit the grave of a daughter who died near that place during the war. This relaxa tion from the routine of college duties, with the change of scenery and travel will, no donbt, prove of benefit to his health. The faculty were urgent in their request that the General should seek recreation in a pleasant excursion. The confinement of college life had somewhat affected his health. Miss Agnes Lee accompanies her father on the trip. The bill for the enforcement of the laws in Ireland has been passed by the House of Commons, with an opposition amount ing comparatively to no opposition what ever. It is one of the strongest coercive bills of modern times. It substantially places the whole county under martial law and gives the local authorities almost un limited powers, in certain cases, to sup press riot, outrage, and resistance to the laws. It is also provides for a very rigid censorship of newspapers. The New York Hcpress characterises this as a Napoleonic measure. Tlie bill is, no doubt, designed as a poweriu! blow agamst Fenianism, and iu opposition to the alleged practical work ings that have cropped, or were likely to have cropped, out of that sentiment and its banded supporters. The growth of this organization, the manifold disorders to which it is said its progress had led, and a spirit generally evinced which boded no good to peace and order in the future, are th3 pretexts the British govern ment have avaled themselves of for these stern repressive measures. How will the ; Irish people receive this bill ? is the ques tion upon every lip. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, APRIL 6, SS7O In a Bad Fix. A private letter from Washington gives ; the following illustration of the estimate ; in whieh would-be Republicans hold their leaders—the Radical bummers, i A venerable “ Unionist under all circum ! stances," chancing lately to sojourn for a : day or two in Washington, as “in duty i bound,” called to pay his respects to the j President. The stately octogenarian was i received with the distinguished considera tion characteristic of the National meri dian, and was highly pleased thereat. Ot course the conversation turned upon polities in Georgia, touching ' ‘promoting reconstruction” and the Republican party. This the clear-headed old gentleman took much pains to elucidate, from what he conceived to be the true national Republi can stand-point. But in the height «of his argument, thrown off his guard by his in terest, in the subject, he so far forgot him self as to say that the “ Republican party in Georgia loas damned badly mixed.” Appalled at having .outraged politeness and the respect due to the Chief Magis trate of “the nation” by letting slip a cussword, he paused suddenly, bringing up with a stately bow of contrition and “I beg your pardon, Mr. President.” “Never mind, never mind sir,” said General Grant, in that smooth soft tone, which characterizes his utterance. “Go on, go on, I’m verymuch interested.” Recover ing his self-possession, the gray haired Federalist proceeded with his narrative with dignity. But a return of the in terrupted current of thought brought a re turn of cerebral excitement, and the old gentleman again brought up with : “The fact is, Mr. President, Republicans in Georgia are in a bad fix, they have either to affiliate with thieves or associate with Democrats. By God, sir! I shall pre serve my self-respect in armed neutrality.” tfc Waiite<l--Anotlier Civil War.” Under the above caption the editor of the Free Press, published at Detroit, Michigan, writes a sound and able article, which portrays the present desperate con dition of the Radical party, and the revo utionary and unconstitutional measures, by and through which they hope to per petuate their power. The West is jealous of the preponderating influences which New England ideas and interests exercise in the conduct of the affairs of the gen eral Government. The people of that sec tion are rostive under this incubus, which paralyzes their material interests, and restrains and controls their politieal in fluence, while it enriches the Yankee and gives him the control of the entire machinery of the Government. The Press ot the West is waking up to the true status of affairs and the inevitable tendency of our political system unless cheeked, corrected and controlled by men, who, while admin istering the laws of the General Govern ment, will at the same timo respect the rights of the States. The following gives promise that the people of the West are becoming alivo to the dangers which encompass them, and that the wrongs which tho South suffers have earnest co workers for their repeal in the far West. We quote: “The Radical leaders are becoming daily more thoroughly convinced that if the people are left free to act in the next Presi dential election, their party will be hope lessly defeated. They are already satisfied that the Southern States cannot be recon structed into a support of the Radical party, unless the people there are com pelled to vote under the coercive power of the bayonet. They know, further, that the prestige of the party is gone in the North and West, and that under the issues and combinations that are already taking shape, they must fall into a hopeless minority in both of those portions of the Union. They have no hope of regain ing the confidence of the people neither for their honesty nor their patriotism. The record which they will leave behind when going out of power is of too dark and desperate a character to furnish any hope for a restoration of the lost confidence of the people. They have used power but to prostitute it, and wielded the energies of tho nation only in self-aggrandizement and the propagation of crime. They see and feel, like the prophet Mokana, that their ill-gotten power is passing from their grasp, and they are ready for any deed or deception that they may point their de ceived and duped victims to renewed suc cess. The only thing which now emits a ray of hope in their behalf is another civil war. They want to force the people of the South into another seeming, if not .real, rebellion in order that they may have anl excuse for establishing arbitrary power in all that section of the Union. This wi\ enable them to secure the electoral votes of those States through the power of the bayonet. This is the real meaning of all the new measures of reconstruction of Georgia, Virginia, Tennessee, etc., which are being agitated in Congress. They want a pretext for taking military posses sion of those States, and they hope, while compelling the South, under the power of the bayonet, to vote the Radical ticket or not vote at all, that they will be enabled, with the aid of a popular furor that they are putting down anew rebellion in the South, to carry the Nort 1 - a war I platform. General Banks is alleged jto have recently declared that if jhe had his way he would make war j upon the Southern States and again I obtain military possession of them; and gave as a reason for such a course that j what the Republican party have to fear is j the Northern and Western Democracy, and that safety in such a juncture de mands anew and arbitrary control of the South. This declaration presents the whole theory of the Radical policy in Congress at the present time. It explains the astonishing warlike tone which per vaded the recent speeches of Senators on the Georgia bill. It explains the aim and end of the Drake amendment to that bill. It explains why Tennessee is again to be put in course of reconstruction, and why we are assured that plans are already be ing concocted in Washington for again reconstructing the State of Virginia. They want another war. They want more bloodshed, more taxation, more suffering, more heart-burniogs, more cruelty, more widows and more orphans, and more ready-made graves for the youth of the counHas they want less law, less devotion to the Constitution, less regard for individual rights, and less charity of man for bis fellow maD, as a means for perpetuating the power of the Radical party. These are the sacrifices demanded at the hands es the people as a means of perpetuating in power the most corrupt partisan dynasty that has ever ruled a civilized country since the foundation of governments among men. All this is sought and all this will be consummated if the people submit to be made the misera ble tools of designing demagogues. The question as to who shall be the leader in this crusade for anarchy and despotism is yet a matter of controversy, and may de feat the whole plan ; bnt the people should not place their hopes upon dissensions among their foes. Butler is ambitious to be the leader, and Grant is equally so ; but the hope of the people is in their own power to vindicate their own rights, and preserve from further immolation the Con stitution of their country- They cannot afford to make the sacrifices demanded. | The end does not justify the means. There j is no necessity for further bloodshed; there is no excuse for the further exercise of arbitrary power, and the further prosecu tion of such a policy will constitute a crime against justice and humanity.” Physical Changes in the threat American Desert. The following statement concerning the physical changes that are now mysterious ly taking place upon tbe great American desert, lying between Missouri and Califor nia, is making ‘‘the rounds” of the North ern press. The statement that there is a hidden rapid increase of water courses, both in number and in volume, without in creased rainfall (which is not pretended), is marvelous, to say the least of it. It bears the characteristics of a “gull,” and looks very much as if designed as in aid of the sale of the railroad grants of land and to nicer the deduction presented to the eye by the maps of Rain Fait in the territory of the United States, now in the Smithsonian Institute, concerning the limits of popula tion. Os course with this marvelous in crease of water, the arid desert becomes fertile and habitable and such lands mar ketable : For some time past there has been a question before the people of this barin and of the plains east ot the Rocky Moun tains that has as yet failed to be satisfactor ily answered. It is, Why are the streams carrying more water than in former years? The great plains are fast losing their arid nature, and through them are running streams in places where twenty years ago there was not a drop of water, and where at that time there were small streams they are now very much enlarged. In many cases this change has been of great value, as it, has given to the traveller a supply of water that had previously been denied. When the first emigrants crossed the Plains to California, the great objections urged to the trip was the scarcity of water on the greater part of the route. Within a few years this has been all changed, and in the beds of old streams that wore dry when first found there is now water for all the purposes required. The Laramie Plains are not now desti tute of water, whereas some years ago there was none, and the traveller had to carry water on passing over them. There can be no doubt that for the last ten years there has bean a continued increase of water throughout the whole desert oountry between the Missouri and the Sierra Nevada. The Arkansas was dry in 1862, from the Pawnee Fork to the Cimaron crossing, and previous to that time the Pecos was dried up, so that at many places the people were obliged to dig for water, and the More Valley and Plains were at that time almost destitute of vegetation. Now the vegetation is luxurious, and it is one of the very best wheat growing sections. Denver was built on the banks of an ex tinct creek, wnich it is supposed would re main dry, but, after the settlement, to the astonishment of the people, ic became quite a stream, and is now crossed by bridges. The Huerfano, the Roya Pecos and others that were dry during the sum mer mouths, ten years ago, are now con stantly running in fair streams. -We are satisfied that along the whole line of the Union Pacific Rai'road there is much more moisture in the earth than there was only a few years since. Again, Salt Lake is seven feet higher than it was ten years ago, and it is constantly rising, and it has been urged by those who have paid atten tion to the subject, .that the rise of water there would produce a solution of the Mormon question before Congress would act upon it. When the Salt Lake shall rise a few feet higher, we shall look for its overflow to reach the Sheel Creek range, as evidently at one time water did cover what is now only an arid valley, not direct in its course, but cut up with ranges ; still the continued valley can be traced. This great increase in water will work a great revolution in the opinion of the people ,as to the capacity of the great plains for agri cultural purposes. The only reason why the great plains cannot be made into good fruit farms is the lack of water ajd timber, as the land in richness has no superior- The increase of water of which we have spoken will do away with one objection, and the discovery of coal over a distance east of Salt Lake for over six hundred miles will obviate the other. The man who travels over the Union Pacific Railroad twenty-five years from this timo will find that the sage brush has given way to crops of all k'nds, grow ing in the greatest luxuriance, and that the sturdy farmers with happy homes have taken the places of the wandering red men. In our own State this increase of moisture has been noticed, and the old settlers do not hesitate to say that in mauy places the streams have increased more than one fourth in size during the past five years, and in some places where there was no water then there are now small but con stantly running streams. The Negeo Exodus.—The New Or leans Times, on the authority of “a large planter just returned from Chattanooga,” states that by the regular official accounts of the railroads at the latter plaoe, it ap pears that 31,000 negroes have passed through on tteir way to the States of Mississippi, Texas and Louisiana. The Times adds: This influx is steadily increasing, and from the accounts which reach us of the great satisfaction of the negroes from the old States who have emigrated to this State, the high wages they command on the sugar and cotton plantations, and the glowing accounts they write back to their relatives and friends in the States of Vir ginia and the Carolinas, we should not be surprised if the seaboard States were relieved, in a very brief period, of their whole negro population. The Rjv. Dr. Osgood writes to the New York Post that he is “confident that with proper arrangements a man can make the usual tour of Europe for a thousand dollars and six months, and for a thousand more he may see Egypt and Syria, and return by Turkey and Greece to Italy or France, after a full year’s absence.” Ben Butler is credited with saying to a member of the Cadetship Committee : “This thing must be wound up. You must ease it down on Roderick, for it once fairly warmed up in the wort of bringing to light the secret history of Congressmen you will blot the party from existence.” South Carolina News. GEORGETOWN. Yesterday afternoon B. F. Whittemore, of cadetship notoriety, harangued his ne gro constituents for about an hour in de fence of bis course as Member of Congress. He was replied to by J. H. Fainey. Sen ator to the Legislature from this district, who made an excellent speech against W hittemore.— Times. BEAUFORT. From Mr. Joht S. Butler, of this city, we learn the following particulars regard ing a serious fire ia the woods near Har deeville Station, on the Savannah and Charleston Railroad. The fire occurred on Tuesday last in the woods; a high wind prevailing it spread with great rapidity, destroying almos! the entire fencing of Mr. Butler, as also other fences, negro houses aDd crops planted. Many families by this coDflagraticn, which extended over ten square miles, lave lost all they possess ed. — Savannah Sews. COLUMBIA. After the performance, last evening. Miss McCulloch appeared on the floor of the hall, and was surrounded and oordiaily welcomed by a large number of friends, who greeted her thus personally whom their enthusiastic and repeated applause had already welcomed. [ Guardian of Saturday. There is to be an election for Mayor and Alderman in Columbia, on the sth of April next. UNION. We regret to leatn that ou Tuesday, tbe 15th, the dwelling of Thomas N. \Vood, together with all Ls contents —provisions, clothing, etc , were consumed by fire, leav ing tbe family in very destitute circum stances. — Union Times. LAURENS. Dr. Robert G. lustin, a highly respect ed citizen and successful physician of this district, died at lis residence near Cross Hill on the 18th iistant, after a protracted sickness. , , , We regret to reoord the death of Mr. Wm. Bowen, anold aDd highly respected citizen of Laorms, at his home in the northern section »f the district, during last week. — Herald. The Laurens Railroad is advertised to be sold at auctiol in the city of Columbia, ou Wednesday nixt, 30th inst. It is uaderstosd here that some Joint Stock Company, oomposed of Northern men, will be biiders and probably pur chasers. Strange to say, there seems to be about as much interest in tbe matter in Laurens, as though Waterman were advertising for the sale of a pint of pea-nuts.— lbid. The March or Revolution. Some days ago we published a signifi cant article from the Baltimore Gazette. We present to our readers to-day the fol lowing from the Boston Post. They at last begin to feel in the North that the fetters placed by the bayonet rule of tho Radicals upon the South will in time be prepared for their own limbs. Under the caption of “The Revolution Complete,” the Post says ; The passage of Butler’s Georgia Bill through the House by a strict party vote, and its probable passage in the Senate, brings us face to face with a revolution in the Government. It is of slight aeaount whether Congress troubles itself about re publican forms of government in the States, so long as it is usurpingly bent on destroying the reality of Republicanism everywhere. The new heresy, which makes the corner-stone of the revolutionary edi fice, is that Congress is supreme. The national life hitherto held by us has derived its strength of organization from the doc trine that supremacy lay in the written Constitution. Bptler’s bill overturns this by a single movement. Republicanism gives place to consolidation. Right makes way for power. Distribution is crowded out by centralization. The people are to be superseded by their presumptious ser vants, inflated with an importance derived from the exceptional use of arbitrary power under the guise ot a strong public necessity. It is only what Boutweil de clared in a letter written in relation to Tennessee and Mississippi, that Congress, if any one, had all power in its grasp. Butler makes no scruple in admitting that his Georgia bill is the coming of the revo lution. He confesses opeuly that Congress can go into Massachusetts by the same right by whieh it now enters Georgia, and Farnsworth, another of the leaders of the party, while attacking the Georgia, bill, finds no argument so strong or perti nent as its logical effect in empowering Congress to invade New York with its ma chinery for holding elections that are to result in its own favor. Butler admittedly leads tho advanced wing of Radicalism, aud that is the one which rules Congress to-day. It sweeps all before it in the matter of expenditures, appropriations, elections, memberships, the judiciary, reconstruction and what still wears the title of the Government. It is a power that has installed Butler for its leader, because he happens to be the bold, unscrupulous, tortuous, irresponsible pub lic charaoter who combines the facility and tbe energy to do its work. Those who march with Radicalism henceforward are stepping to the music of the Butler band. He has degraded Georgia- -illegalized reg ular legislation, not only in the Slate, but in Congress—confounded all the promises and purposes of reconstruction, and thrown matters into a state of chaos, to which the rebellion there at its worst was, by com parison, order itself; and now he has set his evil eye on Tennessee, pledging bis word and the action of the party he mar shals that that State, long represented in Congress and in the use of its own sover eign powers, shall bow to the stroke he stands ready to deliver, urged by his sleepless spirit of ambition, advantage and revenge in about equal combination. He is frank enough to go further still, and to avow that Massachusetts is liable to have her local affairs overhauled in the same way and for no better reason. It cannot in reason be questioned, when we note the alarmingly rapid strides already made to the oentral imperialism which Congress has practically established. Senator Morton, acknowledged the ablest of tbe Radicals in the Senate, comes forward voluntarily to announce that Con gress must be prepared to deal with the loyal States just as with the disloyal. It was but corroborating what Butler had proclaimed in the other branch, that this Georgia measure was not of importance chiefly In reference to the single State to which it applied, but that it was essential to establish'the doctriae that Congress had the right to- seize any State which deals by its citizens as the majority in Congress thinks it ought not. The steps are lew and simple; it is first a military command set over it, then expulsion from the Union, then the dismissal of her regular representatives in Congress, but finally the state of utter prostration under a mili tary despotism. In this way, and in this alone, a reckless partizan Congress, wholly without faith in the people, is to perpetu ate its existence, fatten on the hard-earn ed taxes drawn from the pockets of the people, and wield its usurped and irres ponsible power without the possibility of an effective challenge from any quarter. This is the acme, the flower, the fruit of the newly-named republicanism of the time. If the people are to hold their own against its alarming depredations, they have no time to lose before commencing their combined and resolute operations. A perfect illustration of tbe new heresy is the revoluntionary and wholly anti-Re publican measure of Senator Nye—the same master who has recently been teach ing the people of New Hampshire their duties and privileges under the new Gov ernment which his bill will institute. There are six short sections to it. The first, which is the head and front of the con spiring scheme, provides for the appoint ment of three commissioners by the Secre tary of the Interior in every election dis trict—that is, at every place of election in each Congressional district of the Union. This for the State ot Maine, for instance, would give fourteen hundred and fifty three such commissioners. These officers may call on the marshals of the several districts for at least an equal number of deputy marshals to aid them, and the latter are to fall back on the army. Os the commissioners themselves there would be, in round numbers, fifty thousand in the entire Union. An equal number of deputies will swell the army of officials who are appointed to oversee and control the elections of Congressmen, and Elec tors, to one hundred thousand men. The United States marshals are to have the right to call on the nearest commanding officer of United States troops to aid in preserving order, and the Secretary of War is required to station troops at con venient points adjacent to the polling places,encamping them in the larger cities, in the parks and suitable places. And this is the illustration of the new republicanism which is so profuse in i's professions of faith in the people, and de votion to popular rights ! This is one of the larger freedom which is so much vaunt sd by a band of shameless, usurping parti eans and profit-seekers ! This is the con ception which such traffickers and tyrants entertain of liberty, of its protection and defense of surest methods of its perpetuity! If there is any dispute at the last over the result in a Congressional district, it is to referred to the Interior Department or to the House of Representatives, which will of course continue to decree the member ship of the partisans of the majority as now. In fact, a single election would ef fectually prostrate every sign of a minority on the floor. If there is a dispute over the selections of electors, the President is to select three persons to examine and de cide it, and their decision is to be final. In case the President himself happens to be a candidate in any canvas, any one cau un derstand the temptation to which he is ex posed to appoint partisans of his own, es pecially if the result were to turnemirely on the point in dispute. Here, then, we shall have a great .people, once free, once mak ing and unmaking their Congress and Presidents to suit themselves, wound up fatally in toils of partisan designs, im potent to act with independence and courage, no longer creators and sovereigns, but bent to the humiliating posture of ser vile ar:d dependent creatures. Is this a w irthy end of the great schemes, the pro found and patient studies, the wise care and the heroic sacrifice of a patriot ancestry . Why isthere no alarm sounded in the party which is to be used as the machinery in accomplishing so thorough a revolution? If eternal vigilance is still the price oi liberty, what has become ol that jealous watchfulness with which all important proposals and menacing changes arc re garded? I3 it paralysis or consent which is to be inferred? Does the Republican party permit itself to be led over this ragged road to a goal too distant eveD lor it 6 locality to be predicted? Why is there no spirit ofoppositi n, of bealthly criticism even, of courageous protest manifested at a juncture like this? Who can defend the tone of that party sentiment which remains unruffled while such a sweeping revolu t.on is moving on ? Jt is time to arouse and face ike danger ous spirit to-day. It flatters now, perhaps, but it is that if may seize the throat of liberty to-morrow. The monstrousness of the change that is imminent stands con fessed. There it but one alternative to abject submission , in which the lots of all rights ts involved', and that is immediate, organized, resolute, and undying hostility to its further advance. The Griffin Star says that owing to the recent heavy rains the work on the rail road bridge over Flint river has been much impeded, bat is now about done. At one time the hands had to work in the water up to their necks to keep the lum ber from being carried off by the high water. Slate News. Obituary.—Major M. H. Stephens, an Americus merchant, and au ex-Con federate officer, died in that place on Sun day. Air-Line Railroad.—The. work is progressing satisfactorily on the Gaines ville end of this road. The timber is be ing cut out of the road-way, and other work going on. It will cross the Athens road about a mile below Gainesville. Peach Crop in North Georgia. -We mi * n our as * peaches wore all. killed here. This was the prevalent opinion at the time, but subsequent ex amination has disolosed tho fact that many j had escaped. We were pleased to observe last week that about Gaiuosville, aud, indeed, all along the road between there and Athens, I many orchards had suffered little, if any, damage from the frosts. [Aliens Watchman. —A New Railroad.—The subject ot a railroad connection between this place and Lumpkin via Preston, is again reviving in public interest. We understand that Mr. tllolt, of the Southwestern road, offers to take,on behalf of the company, one-half of the stock necessary for the completion of the road, and this,in connection with State aid, which will be about $15,000 per mile, ought to ensure some action on the part of our citizens. Sumter Republican. Horse Stealing.—About noon on Fri day last, two horses—one belcmring to Mr. I. Pittard and the other to Mr. R. 11. Boon—were stolen from a horse-rack near Bishop’s corner, hdJ ridden off by two strangers. As soon as it was discovered that the horses had been stolen, several persons starred in pursuit of the thieves ; but, having got on “the wrong scent,” tailed to overtake them, or even to gain any tidings of them on any of the roads leading up the country.— lbid. The Washington Gazette of Friday furnishes some particulars of an affray in Taliaferro county, between two men named Evans and Nunn, in whioh the latter mot his death at the hands of the former. The encounter took place in frout of Evan’s dwelling, by whioh Nunn was passing at the time. It appears that there had been some previous and ffioulty between the par ties whieh had not been satisfactorily ar ranged, and while Nunn was passing the house, being attacked by the yard dog, he not only defended himself, but also waved his pistol in defiance ot Evans. This cjn duct procured a quarrel between the two men. and Evans becoming much incensed, shot his antagonist through the thigh with his rifle, causing a wound from which he died that night. Evans immediately left, and though both the civil and military authorities are oq the look out, nothing has as yet been heard of him. The only witnesses of the affair were the members of Evans’ family. Prom the Scientific American. TUB PEDESPEKD. another new play-thing for over grown children. A few evenings since a quiet gentleman and a handsome youth walked into our sanctum, bringing with them a queer look ing package. The queer looking package was no matter of surprise to us, for our eyes are familiar with nearly aH the forms into whioh the genius of inventors can torture wood and metal. But while tho elder of the two gentlemen entered into conversation with us the younger undid the package, disclosing a pair of wheels some fourteen or fifteen inches in diameter, to which were attached some stout hickory stirrup-like appendages, in the bottoms of which were foot pieces, shaped like the woods of comaion skates. On one side of the stirrup-like append ages were firmly fastened metallic plates, each having a short axle or bearing pro jecting from its center, upon which the wheels above mentioned turned. The stirrup-like appendage were made of flat strips of wood about three inches wide in the broadest portion, bent so that one side was nearly S'raight, while the other was made to meet it about midway to form a sort of loop. In the bottom of this loop were placed the foot pieces above describ ed, provided with toe-straps and a clasp for the heel. To the upper end of the stirrups was attached a piece of wood to fit the outer and upper conformation of the calves of the legs. In less time than it took us to note these points, the young gentleman—who was subsequently introduced to us as the son ot the inventor of this singular device —had strapped on the wheels and com menced rapidly gliding about among the chairs and tables with singular swiftness and gracefulness. A space being cleared he proceeded to execute with seemingly perfectly ease, the inside and outside roll figure of eight, etc., amply demonstrating that the “pedespeed” has all the capabili ties of the skate, both in tho variety and grace of the evolutions that cao be per formed with it. The Fedespeed is light and strong, and is capable of use on surfaces where the ordinary parlor skate would be useless. The inventor, a large and heavy man, in forms us he can use it constantly for two hours without fatigue. For gymnasiums, colleges, aud parts of the country where no ice ever occurs, it affords a delightful, healthful, and graceful pastime at all sea sons of the year. When used by ladies, shields may be employed to cover the top of the wheels so as to protect the dress. The Origin of the Feud Bewken the Giants of the Calico Trade.—The New York limes says : The houses of A. T. Stewart & Cos. and H. B. Claflin & Cos., are engaged in an in ternecine warfare. Stewart, we are told, is making a terrific raid on unbleached muslins and Merrimac prints. The story goes that during the earlier part of the late war Stewart got badly frightened about muslins, and put all his stoek upon the market, selling them for what they would fetch. Claflin pretended to do tho same, but in reality bought back all bis own goods aud bought up pll Stewart’s. The result was that he got a monopoly of the article, and when it rose, as it did al most immediately, Stewart had to bny from Claflin at pretty much what the latter chose to ask. Stewart has never forgiven Claflin for this, but has been hus banding hi3 forces and waiting patiently for an opportunity to strike a crushing blow in return. This he apparently thinks he has found, and is aoiordingly pushing his columns of muslin and Merrimac for ward to the attack. Asa central attack he massed his Mer rimacs at ten cents a yard, when they were sold by the manufacturers at twelve, and hurled them upon the market. The result is said to have been that the Mcrriuiac men struck his nance from their books and refused to sell him any more goods. Stew art is reported to have immediately pro cured a supply through a distinguished Philadelphia firm. Through their abund ant caution, however, the Merrimao people had put a private mark on the goods sold by them to this firm. Their emissaries bought some of the goods from Stewart, found the mark, reported to headquarters, and the Philadelphia firm has also been struck frem the Merrimao people’s books. Mr. Claflin is reported to oe fully alive to the situation. The practical result of the war is a terrible flutter among the dry goods people, and a general assertion that if Mr. Stewart continues his raid he will ruin pretty rnrfch every importer and job ber in the city. The Ciiahoon Rebellion in Rich mond. —If Chahoon had quietly taken a squad of his ex-policemen into the Old Market Hall and barricaded against the entrance of the legal authorities of the city it would have been bad enough iu all conscience, but the iniquity of his crime was enhanced and magnified by placing Ben Scott, the most notoriously obnoxious, lawless, and wicked negro in the com munity, at the head of an armed body of negro desperadoes and vagrants to irritate and excite our people if possible, to des peration, in the defense of law and justice. Any other community thaD that of Rich mond, schooled, as it has been, by years of oppression to endure almost anything for peace and quiet sake, would have dis lodged this Dody of outlaws without con sidering for a moment the consequences. As it Was, however, prudent counsel pre vailed, and they were permitted to drill defy, and then disperse without molesta tion, only to entrench themselves again in another quarter of the city, there tore peat their criminal rebellion against the legal authority of the Mayor of Richmond and the Governor of Virginia. In what age do we live and to what depths have we sunk as a people when such things have to be to lerated ? I Richmond Enquirer. General Gnstavus W. Smith has signi fied his acceptance of the office of Com missioner of Insurance for the State of Kentucky. NEW SERIES, VOL XNVIIT. NO. 14. MARTIAL LAW. CHAP NOHRISANDTiIEMILITARY IN COLUMBIA COUNTY. PRIVATE HOUSES ENTERED AND RADIES’ APARTMENTS SEARCHED. HUNTING FOR THE MURDERERS OF ADKINS. After remaining quiet tor several weeks, ! Chap Norris, the bogus Sheriff of Warren county, has been heard from again. Oq last Tuesday morning the down passenger train oo the Georgia Railroad brought to Dearing, in Columbia county, Chap Nor ris and an escort ot seventeen Federal soldiers from Warrenton. The train ar rived at two o’clock in the morning, and as soon as Norris ard bis soldiers left the ears they at once marched to a store kepi by a Mr.J Cassels, at the door of which they knocked for admission. A yoDng man from this city, named Gardner, who is a clerk iu tbe store, and sleeps in the building, rose upon hearing the knocking and demanded the names of the parties. Norris refused to give his name, but re plied that ho was a friend, and continued knocking. Gardner then came to the door with a loaded revolver cocked in his hand, and, cxclaimiug that lie would soon find out whether or not it was a friend, threw tho door open. Norris imme diately rushed across the door-sill and en countered the muzzlo of the pistol aimed at his heart. He at once halted and begged Gardner for God’s sake not to shoot; that ho inteuded him no harm and would not molest him in any way. Gard ner then withdrew the pistol and Norris entered the house closely followed by tbe soldiers. After closely searching the whole building without finding the object of their search, Norris and the soldiers left and went to the dwelling house occupied by Mr. Cassels. Here the door was tried,and as it was unlocked, the party entered the house without knocking. They tol l Mr. Cassels that they had come to arrest John Lambert, a resident of the county, and though assured that he was not on tbe premises, they searched the bed room oc cupied by Mr. Cassels and his wife, and every other room in the house, but did not find Lambert. The Loyal Sheriff aad his military retainers next advanced upon a boarding house in the village, kept by Mrs. Harris. This building was also en tered and thoroughly searched— even tho private apartments of tho ladies being en tered and subjected to a rigid scrutiny, despite the protests of the alarmed occupants. In one of the rooms of the house, two or three young men were sleeping, one of whom was Mr. John Harden, a clerk in a store at Dearing. From the fact that this young man was named John or be cause he may bfcve borne some fancied re semblance to the party for whom they were looking, Norris ordered his arrest, charging that he was John Lambert. Neither tho denials ol the young man him self or the statements of Lis comrade had any effect, and he was taken into custody. Fortunately, however, Norris still recog nizes the competency of negro testimony, and a sable fifteenth amendment, who had been pressed into servi e by the soldiers as a guide, came into tho room at this time, and when appealed to, at once pro nounced the prisoner to be “Mass Johnnie Harden,” and the Sheriff released the captive. Having searohed the village without success, Norris and the soldiers marched two miles into the country to the house where Lambert’s parents resided. They arrived at the house about four o’clock in the morning and surrounded the place so as to guard against an escape. Norris went to the door with several of the soldiers, and knocking was admitted by Mr. Lambert. Norris asked if John Lambert was in the house, and being an swered in the negative at once proceeded to search the premises, and tor the fourth time tho search proved fruitless. At last, becoming satisfied that young Lambert was not to be found, Norris desisted from the search, and the soldiers building a fire In the yard commenced to prepare their breakfast. At last aecounts they were still on the premises, but we suppose that by this time they have returned to War renton. Norris stated that the object of bis visit was to arrest John Lambert and a young man named Ben. Adams, against whom he had issued warrants charging them with having killed Senator Adkins last summer. We would like to know what right the bogus Sheriff of Warren county has to servo a process or make an arrest in Columbia county; perhaps as General Terry is a lawyer as well as a soldier, he can give some information on the subject. UKNKBAL LEE. A few days since we stated that the health of General Leo had not been good for some time pa-'t, and that he had left his home in Lexington, Virginia, and was travelling South with the hope that bene fit might be derived from the change of climate. On yesterday morning a dispatch was received here stating that General Leo had left Charlotte, North Carolina, that morning, and would arrive in this city at night by the Charlotte, Columbia & Augusta Railroad. When the train readi ed here last night, at half-past nine o’clock, it was mot at the Union Depot by Mayor Allen, Alderman Pournelle, and D. B. Plumb, Esq., who received the Gen eral and his daughter, and escorted them to the Planters’ Hotel, Here a few other citizens, who had happened to hear of General Lee’s arrival, paid their respects to him. We were sorry to see that the reports concerning his ill health were true, but trust that our sunny clime will have the desired effect. General Lee is on his way to Savannah, where he will remain for some time, and would have left on the Central Railroad this morning, but at the earnest solicita tions of the Mayor and other gentlemen has consented to spend to-day in oar city. The General says that he desirp.-; to see Augusta and n.eet with our citizms but wishes no public demonstration. Despite the fall of the Cons. deracy, whose fortunes'he for so loog a time sus tained ; despite tho surrender of that recuuaul oi the heroic army of Northern Virginia which he so often lead to victory; despite the social and political revolution through which we have passed siaoe that fatal day at Appomattox Court House; General Robert E. Lee still holds the first place in the heart of every man and wo man in the South —is still loved an-! hon ored as the greatest soldier, tho purest patriot and the noblest gentleman that ever drew a sword in defence of Liberty and Country. In our own beautiiu! city General Lee will find a friend in every face he meets; and he will find, too, many and many of the Boys in Gray, who, for years, followed the banners and shared the perils and the glories of the Army of Northern Virginia, and who are still proud of that army and its illustrious com mander. Accompanying Gen. Lee and his daugh ter, is Col. Crowley, of the British Army, who is traveling in the South partly for his health and partly for pleasure. Meeting of the Southern Press Associa tion. C'aLOMßua, Ga-, March 29, 1870. — I A. R. Lamar, Esq., President Southern Press Association, has issued a call for a Convention at Savannah, Ga., on 25th of j April next. TheDearingTragedy.— Some months ago the Chronicle & Sentinel contained an account of a bloody tragedy which took place at Dearing, in Columbia county, in which too men, named Hodo and Adams were killed, and another b dly wounded. On last Monday the Superior Court for the county of Columbia met at Appling, and on Tuesday the grand jury indicted John Lambert and Ben Adams for the murders. ('orres/ ondence of the Journal of Commerce. Shall we Send Cotton or Taru 10 Kurope. Washington, March 25. Before the war the custom with planters in the South was to raise cotton, sell it tor British gold, with which they bought slaves and more land, and raised a larger cotton crop each year- The war having abolished slavery the profits of the cotton crop must seek other channels. The peo ple of the Gulf States especially seem to believe that as .Northern capitalists have seized tho important railroad opportuni ties from each great centre of the South to another, the only profitable investment for their capital is the establishment of inanu lactures ol cotton. In selecting the article fabric is excluded, but they say that the fine yarns can be manufactured tuere aud shipped to Europe. Tho system of manu facture in England is entirely different Iron, that in America. Not only is spin mug in England a distinct bu-iness from weaving, but the same operator does not engage in both. The spinner makes and sells the yarn. Ho takes his order from the factor or merchant and puts up the yarn iu packages of different form and ap pearance, with a particular length of strand for each hank to suit the manufac turer in the country where the yarn is to be woven. The lengths vary with the unit of measure and the length of the piece of woven goods to which the ioreign weaver is accustomed. The texture and quality of the yarn also differ lor different consumers, and the points of peculiarity are embraced in the order. Hut all these yarns differ from that made in America in the respect that our yarns are hard twisted to produce the strong durable cloth we arc accustomed to, and our manufacturers are not particu lar as to smoothness. The English make a soft even yarn, which weaves into a soft fabric taking dyes and printing well, but not so durable in wear. Weight of cotton is saved by their mode of spinning.. The Southern people realize this distinction. ILo Americans are practical,‘and are not so wedded to their own ways that they will adopt no others. The consumers of the English yarns are the people of the oldest nations in the world, devoted to old notions, fast fixed in peculiarities, and no discrimination in price will induce them to encourage innovations upon tho groove' of custom. The Americans, then, must cater to the tastes of the old world in this regard. In order to do this they must adopt the fine peculiar machinery used in England The cotton is grown in the South, and <.-xoellent water power can be obtained near most of tile plantations, lhe idea of utthz.ng the water power existing alongside rhe raw product is creating considerable interest; but, admonished by the experience of those who have attempted to furnish these yarns lor foreign markets by Am.rioan ma chinery, no one will make tbe experiment unless he is encouraged in some way. Alabama comes forward and makes the first proposition. Represent, tive ('. W. Buckley is urging the Committee of Ways aud Means to report a special bill allowing the free importation of the foreign maebin ery used in making these yarns, for one year, iu which time the results of the test will be apparent. The planters of his dis trict will at their own expense try it, only asking the government to tut on the true list for one year a class of machinery not made in this country, not now imported, and which taxed with import dues does not yield the government a penny of revenue. In this connect on, to show tbe extent of the manufacture, Mr. Buckly bas taken the pains to procure from the official statis tical department of Great Brilain tho fol luwing highly important btaiisticß for the year 1808 : Pounds. England imported from all countries raw cotton 1,328.084,010 Os this she exported 322,620,480 Leaving for home consump tion . 1,005,463,530 The American cotton included in above imports 574 444,752 Os American cotton she im ported bales averaging 443 pounds. 1,269.060 Os this kind of cotton she ex ported 177,970 And consumed.... 1,112,360 (The difl'ereuce in stock on hand at the end of 1867 and 1868 makes an apparent small discrepancy.) 1,112,360 bales at 443 pounds each gives pounds 492,775,480 England exported in the form of yarn alone 174,537,970 The export value of this yarn was £14,709,194 174,537,970 lbs. raw cotton at lOd per lb 7,272,415 Increased value given to so rauoh cotton 7,426,779 The average price of middling Orleans cotton at Liverpool in IH6B was 10f and ; of East Indian, Bjd ; of Egyptian, Hid. Upland ootton and West Indian and Bra zdian not quoted. It is difficult to get at the cost of the total importation of cotton to the English ; and as the value of the home consumed goods is not given, and the exports of other manufactures than yarn are returned in yards, the added value to a given number of pounds of cotton cannot be calculated with accuracy. But it is gen erally conceded that in manufacturing fab rics tho value of the weight of cotton used is increased between three and four times. The figures for yarn being given iu pounds, we see that in the first process of spinning, English labor and machinery double the value of the cotton that England receives from us.. To follow this cotton made into yam, we find that of the quantity reported 174 537, 970, there went to Hong Ko-g and Whampoa 6,598,310; to dbanghae. 315.- 700; to Japan 4.848,275; to Singapore and Penang, 1,528,653; to Batavia and Sourabaya, 581.820 ; to Manilla, 315,912 , to Calcutta, 12,644,403; to Ceylon, 428,- 737 ; to Bombay, 7,110,103 ; to Madras, 6 384,129; to Turkey, 14,139,363; to Il lyria, Croatia and Dalmatia, 2,781,415 ; to Sardinia, 3,922,300; to Tuscany, 3,814,- 780 ; to Ancona and Romagna, 1 692 900; to Naples and Scicily, 7,542.233; to Venetia, 127,150; to France. 2 988,538; to Holland, 35,516,155; to the Haose Towns, 37,207,783; to Hanover, 11,600; to Prussia, 6,542,930; to lius-ia 1,747,- 747 ; to other countries, 22,366,060. Another statement from British trade statistics shows that for the year 1868 ; 1,000,000,000 pounds of raw cotton were con sumed in England, and that the average price paid for the same was 10 pence per p und £41,666,665 Estimated amount con sumed by the home trade, and put into mixed fabrics of which no separate account is made, is 334,000,000 pounds, or one-third of tho whole. This portion of tho cotton was made into the finer acu most costly fabrics, nr-d its value thereby in c> -‘ed four times the cost • ■f raw cotton. Wo have the value of home c nsumption - 55,555,552 Statistics show the value of ootton fabrics exported (of ail kinds) in 1868 52,832,097 The number ot pounds of yarn exported 175,000,- 000, valued at 14,709,194 Total value of cotton manu factures £123,096,843 Deduct cost of raw cotton.... 41,666,666 Value produced by British" capital and labor from oot ton in 1868 £81,430,177 Equal to $394,936,358 45 in gold. See v.'hat a wonderful inducement ! Members of the committee argue that the scheme is impracticable. Very we!L The proof is in the test. If the southern or northern capitalists are willing to try it, Congress should not allow the bigotry of exclusion by strict adherence to the high tariff theory to interfere with the attempt. As it will make no difference to the reve nue of the country whether it succeeds or fails, inasmueh as exuction of the tariff proclude the test, the most zealous tariff advocate should waive his scruples in de ference to the possible success of a trial whose successful issue would develope an industry that would be second to no me chanioal means of equalizing exchanges C.
