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OLD fiEUIES, VOL. IAXVIII.
(f jjtoniclc & S'cntincl.
J _ -
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
UAIL.V.
- > 1 00
T.,r«- month* 2 «•
One year —— ?®
'l'iti-w i; eki.v.
Ono y*-ar » 6 «0
Six iimdUih 3 50
Three month* 2 00
%V ELK I . V .
Tlirve month)) 1 t'O
ix months 1 ,r> h
■ ..,.r IK
WfcUVi i iA i V.tH.vlNu, KKBKI ARI 15.
Kumorrd Cabinet Cbangec*
Ii is n' w -tated, with great positivecemi,
that General Grant contemplates a re-ca-t
of hi* Cabinet on the 4th cf March.
Tt i- niculplattd action is forced upon
bint by the leaden of bin party, who de
c'ara that a continuance of the present
Cabin t will insure a complete Democratic
victory next year-
The ultra 11. died Morton will* it is
■■aid, take the place of Air. Fisk, who 13
ti o con-cr/alive, too just and too honest
to suit the views of the “advanced” men
'it hi) party. Grant insists upon having
one nincompoop near hitn, and will, there,
fore, recall poor Doric as the man nest
suited for the position. The recent dt
volcpments in regard to the Chorpernoing
claims renders it necessary that Mr.
Crcswcll shall rctwe from the head of the
Post Office Department. Several names
have been mentioned as his probable suc
cessor.
It is decided that Diminutive Akermaa is
to surrender the Attorney General's place.
Judge Pierrepont, of New York, is named
as his probable successor. We do not,
however, concur in this suggestion. We
believe that Air. 15. 11. Hill will Lave the
place tendered to him, and that he will
accept it. Arrangements for this appoint
ment were commenced in November last,
and we believe it to be quite certain that
Mr. 15. If. Hill will be the next Attorney
Genera 1 .
Lease of tin blate Hoad.
We transfer to our paper a coinmuni
c ition to the Alacon Telegra/ili & Mes
senger, in relation to tho lease of the .State
ltoad, and bespeak for it a careful ic
rusal 1. wdl bo seen that the wiitcr
takes altogether a legal view of the lease,
and shows that, according to wc 1 known
legal priia,i; les, the lease ol the road to
t! Drown Cameron Company wasaf'rand
upon the people of the State. This
view cf tho case it conclusive and un
answerable.
The people in every section of the State
arc almost nnaniup us iu their condem
nation ol this dirty transaction. No ques
tion has lor years excited so much in
terest and given cause for so much Com
ment as the lease of this valuablo property.
The people sec that through the crafty
manipulations of Joe Brown, Bullock,
Kimball and old Hinton Cameron, they
have been deprived of property well worth
a rental of a halt million annually for a
were song. They see that tho parties who
got tho fattest hl.aro (f this big job are
Northern n lroad gamblers and bitter
and vindictive persecutors of tho people
of the South.
For men than llirct -quarters of a
century tho participants >u •be Yazoo
fraud have been held up to the scorn and
just iodigi!i.ii,/n r>f tho lioaest monos the
,S/ate. That black and damning job sinks
into insignificance when compared with
this stupendous fraud, concocted by Bu!
hick, Brown & Cos. The people will de
mand rd tlic next Legislature a full and
thorough ventilation of this dirty trans
ection. In the meantime the columns of
the CuttONici.E & Hentinf.i, will be kept
open for a full and fair discussion of the
subject.
Hit Hock’s Interest iu the State
ltoad Lease.
The conduct of Bullock, ponding the ne
gotiations in r 1 ttion to the lease of tho
State Road, and his final acceptance of a
bid lower than others which were made,
and which w.u ■ notoriously much less than
the property was worth, were sufficient to
throw suspicion upon the purity of his
course, even if ho had been a better man
than he i . The people of tho State,
however, knew him so well that conduct
■.vhic’.i would only have awakened sus
yioion in one whose character was good,
produced conviction of fraud and rascality
when committed by the hold robber who
now has control of the State Govern
ment-
Everybody /elf that Bullock reserved
for himsolt a share of the spoils in tho
lease. We do not 1 relieve that a single
! I1)m . s i man iu the State entertained any
•doubt’ on this point. All knew him to be
capa' fo of any species of corruption, and
willing to lend himself to any scheme
which would ptt mone7 in his impecun
ious pockets. The conviction in the pub
lic mind of his personal interest ia the
lease was universal, and just as strong as
if founded upon postiva proof, la the
absi'cca of direct proof, his bad oharaeter
and the strarae circumstances connected
with tho lease to Brown, Cameron & Cos.,
were quite .sufficient to satisfy tho public
uiind that a gross fraud was perpetrated
in tho profits of which ho was to have a
large share.
It now appears that the public were not
wi-it iken in their opinions on this point.
Already it has leaked cut that when the
company was made up, and tho bid to be
made agreed od, one full share in tho lease
—there being twenty-three in all—was left
at the disposal cf Bullock. The Brewn
Company knew well enough tlrnt it would
never Jo to let Bullock's r.ntr.c appear
amon g the lessee-. This would have made
the lease void. Brown was too good a
lawyer to make a mistake of this kind. He
knew also that the connection of Bullock’s
name with the lessees would make the
whole affair odious to the people. It was,
therefore, agreed among the conspirators
that Bullock should sharo equally with
them in the corrupt job, Tout that his name
should be kept dark- We i ave reason to
believe that Bullock would never have
signed the lease if he had not been amply
provided for as an equal participant in the
jipoils.
We have the highest authority for saying
■that when .he company was made up, it
was understood that one share was to be
left for Bullock. Before die bid was put
in, the share oi’ Bullock had been put
down to a Northern man selected by Bul
lock to hold it for him. This fact was
known to Brown and the leading members
of the company, and acquiesced in by him
and then;. They know that one full share
of the stock is owned by Bullock, though
comically put down to another. These
facts we obtain from a source altogether
reliable, and we learn they will soon be
made known in such a way as to bring
confusion and shame upon those engaged
in the transaction. The party who holds
Bulloek’s share is said to be a Northern
man, who first gave Bullock employment
ana sent him South as an employee of the
Express Company several years since.
Kenei.uots. —Stunner said in the Senate
the other day, when the appointment of
Cramer as Minister to Demark was before
that body, that lie opposed the nomination
because the only qualibcation Cramer
possessed was, that he was a relative of
the President; and that he should, in fu
ture, demand something more than this to
secure his vote.
Judge Stephen-’ Letter to brce'.ey.
Other engagements prevented us from
giving such notice *f Judge Stephen/ let
ter to Greeby, published yesterday morn
ing, as its merits most cieariy demanded,
in then® day* of reticence, it net timidity,
among the class of perrons who, in other
ae<l better times, were regarded as the
' tree exponents of South ra sentiment and
prinuipb, the frank and manly utterances
I o. Judge Stephens dennnd special notice-
A .hough hhn elf excludtd from participa
ting ia the honor of the country, he is
watchful and energetic in exposing the
frauds and villianies of tbedominant party.
No istent b pc of future relief from politi
cal disabilities, through thj agency of
Rad ical forgiveness and magnanimity, in
duces him to preserve silence when the
best interests of our people require- the
services of his voice or pen.
The people of th; North have been and
are still kept in ignorance of the true
sentiments oftho Southern people. The
Radical press, and conspicuously among
them the New York Tribune, has labored
incessantly since the close of the war to
show that the people of the South were
rebellious still. That they the Con
stitution of the United States and are
anxiously awaiting another opportunity
to attempt the overthrow of the United
States Government. The position of
our public men have been misrep
resented, and their • too infrequent
utterances in behalf of the Constitution,
and the laws have been carefully and
fystcmatically suppressed. In their anxiety
to prevent the circulation ot truth among
the Northern Radical misses, they have
committed the grossest injustice towards
leading Southern statesmen. Day after
day they disserninato tho most unblushing
falsehocd i about the 8 ruth and her most
distinguished sons, and when called upon
to correct these falsehoods refused to do
so ard r tho most frivolous pretences.
They pretend to fairness in public dis
cussion, hut resort to tricks and con
temptib’c artifices in preventing the spread
of truth which would disgraco tho war
paint of Digger Indian.
It is just such a trick of the hoary old !
Radical of the Tribune, which Judge '
Stephens sought to expose, but which the i
virtuous Greeley refused the use of his col- :
urnns for. Tho lit has been spread broad
cast throughout the North. In the ab- j
senoo of an authoiiztd druia! of it the j
Northern public will accept the statement I
as true. This Greeley knows, ard heDce j
he slams the door in Judge Stephens’ face j
when that gentleman proposes to let the j
whole truth bo known. This is lladiccal
honesty and fair dealing.
Wo trust the Northern Democratic Press
—such staunch supporters of the true faith
as the Pittsburg Paper, Hartford Timex,
Missouri Republican and the Detroit Free
Press, and ot hors —will lay be fore their read
ers Judgo Stephens’ terrible exposure of
Greeley’s meanness and cunning. In the
name of the tl tndered and much abused
people of Georgia, we thank the Judge lor
his admirable letter.
Stephens yr. Greeley.
A LETTER PROM HON. LINTON STEPHENS IN
RET'I.Y 10 THE “PHILOSOPHER” 01' THE
TRIBUNE.
[mr. oreeley’s letter.]
New York, lan. 30, 1871.
Sir: You send mo what is at once a
long story and an old story, as a refutation
of a very brief statement cf our Washing
ton correspondent. I oarmofc print it.
Congress has. very propmlj-, ucd up
the wholo subject of Southern elections,
military demonstrations, &e., by an in
vestigation now in progress, and wherein
all parties arc heard. I shall be ready to
proclaim that the blacks, in large cum
bers, chose to vote your ticket, if Gin testi
mony shall establish it ; as yet, I believe
they voted under constraint or terror.
Yours,
Horace Greeley,
Hon. Linton Stephens, Sparta, Ga.
Sparta, Ga., Feb. 6, 1871.
Editors of the Chronic’e & Sentinel, Au
gusta, Ga. :
Gentlemen—l ask a place in your
columns for a letter which I have received
from Mr. Horaae Greeley, and for a few
comments which I have to make upon it.
The letter is answer to one whioh I ad
dressed to him, asking him to publish in
the Tribune my answer to Governor Bul
lock’s false and malignant charges against
the sth Congressional District of this
State. I called Mr. Greeley’s attention
to tho fact that his Washington corres
pondent, under da<e of January 18th, had
reiterated in tho Tribune the substance of
Governor Bullock’s charges; and I asked
him as an act of handle justice that the ac
cused party should have a hearing through
the same channel.
As you will peroeive from his letter, he
refuses the use of his columns for that
purpose. Tho public slanderer refuses tc
let his readers see the answer to bis slan
der! ! He places his refusal on the
ground that while tho charge of his corres
pondent was a short one, the answer to it
“ is at cnee a long story and an old story
and upon tho further ground that the
Congressional investigation now ia pro
gress will bring foe truth to light.
This is the vaunted “Philosopher”
Greeley. This is the man who makes
special pretensions to fairness, readi
ness to give all sides a hearing. _ Nor do I
dispute that he is indeed the fairest of his
panv. Ido not forget that ho had the
manliness to offer himself as bail tor Mr.
Davis. But it is now obvious that his
vaunted philosophic fairness has its limit.
Like bis confederates who are engaged in
the work of overthrowing the Constitution
of their country by the revolutionary and
despotic scheme of reconstruction, he seeks
to tofl ime the prejudices of one section of
the eouotry against the other by slander
ous fabrications; and then refuses to bear
tbe voice of Truth and Reason on the part
of the aocused. He is but an illustration
of the whole traitorous crew who are en
gaged in the nefarious work of undermin
ing and subverting the Constitution of
their country- Their uniform mode of
proceeding is to pelm off falsehood
for truth by resolute assertion, and
a stifimg of all refutation His refu
sal to publish my letter is placed on
grounds that are veiy remarkall’. Tne
first is that his accusation was a short one,
and my reply a long one. A lie may be
flippantly told in Very “short” space. I
did t.ot content myself with a simple de
nial, which ipight have been expressed in
terms equally short. I chose to give the
proof, showing the lie ts be a lie; and
this was wbat tbe Philosopher gould not
stomach 1 How he could charoe'erize my
answer to specific lies as an "old’’ story,
passes my capacity to oorjecture.
A? to the Congressional investigation,
most people will think that was at least as
good a reason for abstaining from the pub
lication ot slanders as for refusing to pub?
lish the refutation ot them ; and all peo
ple know that an investigation by a parti
san committee of Congress is neither the
sole nor the best mode ot getting the truth,
and is certainly no ground for stifling
prompt and full investigation on tbe part
of the public.
Men never assign their real reason* for
unjust or criminal actions; aed the Phi-!
losopher must pardon me lor exposing tbe j
real reason, which he has employed so '
many words to conceal.
The whole country, North, Souih, East |
and West, are getting sick of Reconstruc
tion. It was supported at first, not be
cause it was defeasible on constitutional
grounds, but because it seemed to many,
who did not really approve cf it, to afford
tbe only solution of tbe great problem of ,
Restoration. After four years' trial, it is ;
now recognized as a tailure and a crime
a revolutionary despotism, which, in
stead of restonogthe Btates ot the South
to their proper relations with the I mon,
, has only engendered heart-burnings and
; resentments, by maintaining over their
heads revolutionary governments begot in
usurpation, acd maintained by fraud and
force. Since the beginning it has got its
support from a systematic fabrication of
lies ; and its waning fortunes are now to
be redeemed by a fresh and enlarged batch
of the same material, with the intent not
only to maintain it but to enlarge it, and
apply it to the whole country , and by a
single stroke to change our system from a
government of the people to a government
of the bayonet. This traitorous conspiracy
cannot stand fhir discussion ; and hom»
Philosopher Greeley declines to give his
readers any glimpse from the side of Truth
; and the ConMi'ntior.
Permit mo, Messrs. Editors, to add in
! this ceauectfon, a suggestion for thought-
I ful me'. The Democratic platform for
: 1868, denouncing reconstruction as “revo
lutionary, unconstirutional, du'l and void,”
i had one fault, cot of commission, but of
omission. It ought to have given a solu
tion of the problem of restoration. No
pirty can evfr obtain power without a pio
gramme, which selves, or. at leas', seems
to solve, the political rroLlems of the da..
The country is now iar riper for the re
ception of the true solution than it was
then. The failure of reconstruction has
made something olac a necessity. The
whole work w u and be accomplished if the
people of the North 3nd of the great West
would on’y » Dree th* ir pulsions and listen
to the truth. That truth is, that the peo
ple of the South are far more resentful
against the usurpation and despotism of
recoa miction than they were against the
war itself; and that reconstruction, so
ling as i‘ siands, is an insurmountable
obstacle in the way of true restora
tion, peace and fraternity. If reeoL
tructicn and its supporting bayonets
were withdrawn to-day, and the
Constitutional, Republican Governments,
which have ai! the while existed iD these
States, were left free to resume their legit
imate functions, there would be instant
restoration, not only of the Union, but of
that sincere acd cordial fraternity which
mu3t ever be it) surest foundation. I re
joice 'hat this key-note has already been
sounded from the great West and from
the East. The party that acts on it in
good faith, wdl have ihe undying grati
tude of the TJ cited South, and will only
be receding from the ways of usurpation,
despotism and consequent alienation and
resentments and returning to the paths of
Justice, Peace and Fraternity.
Linton Stephens.
[communicated.]
The Election in Ihe Fifth District—So
Intimidation.
Editors Chronicle & Sentinel:
The recent election in the Fifth District
seems to have raised a storm of virtuous
indignation ia the breast of the Radical
party in Georgia, from Mr. Bullock down
to the humblest of his followers. His
Excellency led the way ia his late letter to
“a distinguished Democrat,” in which he
invidiously excepts this district, while ex
tending his benign approbation to the
other parts of the State. Beard has ap
pesred in joint also in his protest, and a
number of lesser lights of Radicalism
have added their voices in charging fraud,
illegality, intimidation of voters, and quite
a number of other charges of a similar
nature, against the Democratic party of
the district. All this is “much ado about
nothing.” Judge Stephens, in his reply
to Bullock, has vindicated the cause of
Hancock and her election in so able and
complete a manner, that it ia needless for
any outrider to say anything upon the sub
ject Air. Corker has vigorously denied
the truth of the charges contained in
Beard’s protest, and a number of editorials
have appeared in the Chronicle & Sen
tin el, ah refuting the charges of Bullock
and the othere. But still we are told tl at
arrangements are being made to contest
AD. Corker’s seat upon these grounds,
and there seems to be an impression that
there is, after all our denial, some unex
plained mystery connected with our elec
tion, which if it eonld be unearthed and
brought to light would furnish some shad
ow ot foundaiion at least for the truth of
these It dice! accusations. Now so far as
the election in the lower counties is con
cerned, of course I cannot speak, except
from hearsay, but in this county there is
not the sliehest foundation in fact for these
charges. The election of the 20th, 21st acd
22d of December, 1870, in Oglethorpe, may
be taken asauiximple ot the most rigid and
lawful obedience to the law under which it
was held of atiy that has ever come under
my observation. The new election bill
was so strange to us in all of its provisions,
that a unanimous opinion prevailed, in the
ranks us ilio Democrats that their only
safety was in a most scrupulous obedience,
and u was our fixed determination that
whatever gas done should be done through
the law and tho officers of the law. This
resolution was firmly adhered to during
tho three days
In the printed instructions sent by
Governor Bollock from Atlanta to our
managers of election, was incorporated a
corrcspondeoce between his Attorney Gen
eral au 1 himself, in which was included an
oath which the managers were to admin
ister to “suspected voters.” In it they
were required to swear that they were over
twenty-one years of age, that they had
resided the legal time in the State or
county, that they had paid ail legal taxes
required of thetn/or the year 1869, &c.
Tho oath did not say the year last preced
ing the election, but said specifically the
year 1869. This oath carried the election.
No intimidation was U9ed. No deception
was practiced. No force was resorted to
iu any case. Whenever a voter appeared
at the polls and offered his ballot who
was suspected of being under twenty-one,
or a non-resident, or a tax defaulter, the
oath was read to him by the managers,
and iu every single instance that came
under my observation, or that of those
with whom I have conversed since the
election, the voter voluntarily declined to
be sworn. Many cf them said in my hear
ing at the polls, who were tax defaulters,
that they would vote, and risk any amount
of legal prosecution therefor, but they
could not and would not swear that they
had paid ill taxes required for 1869.
This oath, thus offered by the managers,
was the stumbling block. They could’nt
swallow it, and of course they thereby, of
their own accord, relinquished their right
to vote. This is a plain statement of the
case as far as Oglethorpe county is in
volved. I see Beard has done us the
honor to name our county as one of the
insurrectionary districts, and if this be in
surrection, Bullock and his Attorney Gen
eral are responsible for it. Os course a
majority of onr managers were honest,
law-abiding gentlemen, or this Bullock-
Farrow oath never would have been read
to a single voter, for it was manifest to
every one upon first reading it that no
man. black or white, who had the faintest
semblance of truthfulness in him, would
take it if he was a tax defaulter. So you
see Gov. Bullock, in spite of his lamenta
tions over our district, was shot by a
feather from his own wing It is difficult
to imagine what he and the Attorney
General could have been dreaming about
when they sent that fatal oath to the
managers I suppose quern deus ouet per
dere prim dementat
The truth K the Radicals had counted
upon the Fifth Dstrio as a certainty.
The colored majority was so great, lying
as it does right in the heart of the black
belt, that they did net even consider it
debatable ground. This opinion was
shared largely by Democrats too, for we
found some 'difficulty in procuring two
gentlemen who bad sufficient nerves to
“try it on” as Democratic candidates.
No and >ubt Gov. Bullock, when be had the
returns trom this district, exclaimed, “and
tu brute,'’ for of ail the others it was
considered most aeeidedly and undoubtedly
Radios’. Let us indulge the hope that
this delusion is at ’ength dissaipated, and
that when the first shock of surprise
and disappointment at the unnatural cor
! due; ol this incorrigible district shall have
! scent its force, Alessrs. Bullock and
1 Beard will abandon these miserable slanders
i they have brought forward against u=,
Oglethorpe.
Stephens, January 29, 1871.
[communicated.]
The Authorized Biography of General
Lee.
CARD FROM GENERAL GORDON.
Editors Chronicle & Sentinel :
Dear Sir—Permit me to reply tjp the
inquiry of numerous correspondents in re
gard to an authentic biography of General
Lee, by saying, through your columns,
that at the request oi Gi nend Lee sfamily,
Colonel Charles Marshall, his former Aid
de-cunp acd military Secretary, is now
writing a sketch ofhis life from bis ofioial
and personal papers, furnished by the fami
ly for his exclusive use, which will very
soon be published by the University Pub
lishing Cos., 4 Bond Street. New Y irk, in
the “Memorial Volume,” dow being pre
pared by the Faculty of Washington Col
lege.
It wiii be an additional inducement to
the Southern people to subscribe for this
volume, to know that the entire profit
from its sale will go to the “Lee Memorial
Fund.”
Respectfully, yours,
J. B. Gordon.
Atlanta, Ga., Feb- 3, 1871.
The road via Dieppe is open. Paris is
1 quiet but there is great suffering. The
i election will probably result ic the return
; of peace candidates.
AUGUSTA* GA., WEDNESDAY MOINING, FEBRUARY 15, 1871.
The Lease or the Stste Koad—ls It fund
ing on the People of Georgia 7
Editors Telegraph and Messenger:
It was said of Jno. C. Calhoun that if you
admitted his premises he would lead vonr
judgment to bis conclusions. Gov. Brown
po.sM-sses much of that plsnsifcjhty. It
involves the art of so stating his proposi
tions is tr. conceal the more dangerous
issue, while he discusses his own proposi
tions with clearness and persuasion. This
art lie has illustrated in what he has pub
lished about the lease of the State Road.
He also shows ingenuity in his last reply
to Mr. Stephens, when he felicitates him
self upon the assumption that Mr. Stephens
admits the legal right in the Brown Com
pany ; whereas, Mr. Stephens evidently
means only that, in the case he stated, he
would not condemn a man for setting up
and asserting that he had legal rights.
The Governor has treated the case, both
in his first exposition and in his corres
pondence with Mr. Stephens, as though
the only objection to the lease was, j
whether Gov. Bullock should have given
it to the Brown Company or to the Dob
bins Companv. The people are not mere
ly interested in that question, hut they are
deeply interested in the further question :
Is not the whole thing void f
Asa tax-payer, sorely burdened at this
time. 1 protest that the complaint shall
not be confined to the issue argued by
Gov. Brown. Igo farther, and, placing
the Dobbins claims out of the question,
maintain that the lease to Brown & Cos. is
void —void, not only in good conscience,
which ought to be sufficient, but void un
der the law, on a great, well-settled prin
ciple of Public Policy.
In refeience to judicial sales it is good
law that bidders can make no binding
agreement which stifles fair compelitioc,
especially if it is done with a view to buy
the property at an undervalue. Such a
contract is doc only illegal and could not be
enforced bc-fore tbe bidders, but it renders
the whole sale void. The law-maker,
when he sends bis officer forth armed with
an “execution” to teiza acd sell your
property in invitum, pledges to you a fair
sale—that you shall have all the chances
flowing from full and fair competition.
Tbe debtor is entitled to this, a's weli as
his junior creditors —common honesty and
fairness requite it.
There is this apparent modification of
the rule of law, viz : That two or more
persons may unite, where teat uniiing
simply makes up anew bidder—as where
one man is not able to buy, or not willing
to own all tbe property, he may unite
with one or more in tbe like condition, fix
their price and depute one of their num
ber to bid it off. Why ? Because they
do not violate the public policy—their
agreement does not stifle competition—
they do not hinder each other from bid
ding—they rather promote competition by
supplying a neiv bidder. Hence that sort
of partnership is not illegal. But upon
the principles laid down, if two such part
ne,whips by their several agents, were on
the ground bidding and should agree for
one to drop out and the other to buy on
general account of both partnerships,
there the evil is done—the pledge of the
law-maker is violated, the debtor defraud
ed, his other creditors injured, and the
sale itself becomes void.
Tested by these principles, how stands
the lease in the light of reason, fairness,
justice and law ? It is patent upon Gov-
Brown’s exposition that there must have
been some management incon-d-fant with
the rules of full and lair competition.
Look at the diverse.personal elements of
the association—the nine or ten railroad
companies as sureties, worth over $16,-
000,000, when half was sufficient —the
confusion as to what particular partnership
certain railroad companies would finally
guarantee for, to say cothiog of tho rumor
on the streets that the right was given to
Bullock to nominate the owner of one
entire share.
But we need not speculate, reliable in
formation assures us that at or,e time Guv.
Brown and curtain associates composed
one partnership, monosing (as to Georgia),
two specified railroad companies Tor sure
ties, and that it had agreed upon tbe bid
of $25,000; while (besides the Dobbins
Company) there was another partnership
i'" 0 ) ' o'"" « rliflWont, sot of rail
road companies as sureties, which had pre
pared a bid higher than the Brown bid,
and that by sotne combination on the last
day in the morning, it turned out that
only ihe lower or Brown bid was handed
in !
Any one can sec and apply the analogy.
Here was the evil so clearly condemned by
public policy, tc-wit ; an agreement or
combination between bidders, not only
tending to stifle fair competition, but one
that actually silenced a bidder and caused
the property (the lease) to sell for less than
a party present was prepared to offer.
It should be borne in mind that the
rule of public policy invoked, does not re
quire that there shall be moral or actual
fraud —for a man may thoughtlessly, or
without a bad intpnt. in the eager pursuit
of his interest, ’trench upon the rights of
others without becoming criminal—while
his conduct may operate such an injury to
others, as to constitute what is known as
legal fraud.
I am glad the rule is thus broad, for the
sake ,if some good men who are found in
the association.
Yet my interest, tbe interest of every
tax payer in Georgia, the great public dis
satisfaction on the subject, the bad exam
ple set in tho violation of a public policy
founded in good reason—in the case of so
large a contract—all conspire to call for
vacating the lease.
One of the People.
• [communicated. 1
Crawfordville, G a., Feb. 3, 1871.
Editors Chronicle & Sentinel:
Dear Sirs —I see in a recent date of
your paper that my name is mentioned as
being a witness in behalf of Thos. P.
Beard. If fraud and intimidation was
used during the election it should be ex
posed, and I believe that no gentleman
would accept an office if he knew it was
by iujustiee to tho opposite party that he
was elected.
I know not what occurred in other por
tion-! of the State, and can speak know
ingly of none except, my own county.
I was io our little village during the
three days of the election, and saw no in
timidation or fraud—there was not a'gun
fired or a blow struck during the whole
time. The election was more peaceable
and quiet than it has been for years.
In making these statements I think I
do justice to myself'-nd to a!! parties, and
know what I say will be verified by every
good citizen of Taliaferro county.
It is my intention now, as it will ever
be, to work for the good of my country,
irrespective of party feeling.
Very respectfully.
J. W. Rhodes.
How the People Are Plundered.
Washington, January 31.—There was
a fearful expose in the House yesterday
of the dark ways and corrupt practices of
ihe lobby and its influence on Congress.
The House Appropriation Committee
learned last week that the Treasury De
partment was about to pay a draft on its
current appropriation, by the Postmaster
General, for nearly half a million dollars,
to pay tbe claim of one George Chorp
enniug for an ancient mail service,
which had been repudiated by the
j Post Office Department for tbe last
i ten years. This lea to the passage of a
I resolution asking for the suspension ofpsy
! meet until an_ investigation could be
made by a commissioner. This investiga
tion proved a most remarkable state of
things ; that one of the counsel for claim
ant was ex-First Assistant Postmaster-
General Earle, iarelaw partner of Po-tmas
ter-Generai Creswtli; that a joint resolution
tn pay the claim was put through the
House by John Cessna, of Pennsylvania,
under a suspension of the rules, without a
report or debate; that it passed the Sen
ate tho same day, and was signed soon af
ter b 7 the President, comprising in all but
eighteen hours, that Eirle submitted
what he purported to be the report
of the House Postal Committee to Cres
weli in favor of this, but which proved to
be without the slightest foundation,
no such report ever having been
made by such committee, or ever hav
ing been discussed by them; that Cres
weli, instead of waiting for an application
to pay the claim, drew the draft against
the general fund for it, and that be
paid it in the face of the reports made
by Postmaster Generals Brown, Holt,
Blair, Randall and himself; that this
claim Lad no foundation in law or
equity. These and many other facts
were brought r.o the attention of the House
i by Dawes acd Beck, and created suob
j construction that the members generally
i left their seats and gathered around the
Speakers desk. W hen they had conclu
ded, a resolution was unanimously' passed
repealing the joint resolution to pay the
I claim. Even Cessna, who pushed the
i job originally, sat in his seat and never
I said a word.
IiEAKb TS. C«BKB.
TESTIMONY CONTINUED.
Robert Washington, colore!, resumed —
; Ttien the white men (ab va referred to)
I said to Radley "don’t you dqw a pistol;”
j he replied “I don’t intend toiraw a pif
i toi;“ they then began beatitg him over
the head with their pistols; be cried
(Radley), “Men, what hate I done to
cause you to beat me this way;” some ODe
i of the crowd replied, 'T will show you
what you have done;” he continued to
cry oui; then the pistol) begtn firing, and
he (Radley) feil ; he fdi on the railroad ;
son.) of the same crowd wheeled and find
on ruyseit'and Harris ; there was a large
crowd of while men o» the platform; I
mvself then commenced firing also; ,
before I ran I was shot ia the hard;
there were several miles hitched to a
wagon standing right oebind me when
they w; ra firing, and it teems that the ball
must have struck someof them for they
ran in front of ar and sc&tered tbe best part
of the crowd ; but stil a part of the
crowd was after me ; I relieve it it had’nt
been for tne mules I shoßli have been
killed, because tbe larssr part of ihe crowd
did net have a chance to continue after
me, the mules in the wigon having driven
them away, and st they would not
follow me up as 'hc-y would have
done; then I ran around through
Mr. Call’s premjies, and came
around through the colored graveyard,
around on the railroad In front of the white
people’s grave yard, I heard whooping and
Lalooing, and still the reports of
pistols ; saw some women on the railroad
at the above mentioned point,; that is all
I remember having seen ; Harris, when
they were shooting at Radley and myself,
was to the right of me, and ran at the
same time I did ; Harris was as near, as I
can recollect, about 20 feet from tne
where ]they commenced firiig on us ;
they fired on Harris before I left; they
ran firing at both Harris and nyself after
we had began to run ; for the hrger por
tion of the crowd 1 spoke of rere to the
right; Ido not know of my orn knowl
edge that they hit Harris ; I dd not hear
him say anything about bein; hit; but
there was a large crowd of whfce men fir
ing c.n him ; I hadn’t said or done ary
thing to this before mentioned crowd, be
fore they began firing on us ; Radley had
said or done nothing in my presence to
this crowd but what is alread/ stated by
me ; Harris had said or dime nothing
to this crowd previous tt their fir
ing on him to my Knowlidge; Rad
ley W'as in sight of me aul I of him
from the time he went to tie upper end
of the train, and I to the lower (as already
stated) until the firing begin; we were
not quite the length of a passenger coach
apart during all this time ; [ would have
heard any ordiuary conversation between
the white men and Radleyfrom where I
stood; I left Wilkes county the same
night after that difficulty ; I left because I
was afraid I would be killedif I remained;
I had no difficulty with any cf those white
men previous to the difficulty; Harris, Rad
ley, and myself belonged to the Republican
party; the crowd of white man who fired on
us must have belonged to the Democratic
party, for I know some of the men, and
they always go with that party; I have I
thick been about three months in Wilkes
county ; 1 was intimately acquainted with
the Republicans in and around Washing
ton, Wilkes county ; none of the above
crowd of white men had to my knowledge
acted with the Republican party of Wilkes
county; I should have known it if they
had, tor I always attended the Republican
meeting there ; Radley, Harris, myself and
Henry Hammonds we> e usually regarded as
leaders of the Republicans in thatcounty; as
far as my knowledge extends the effects of
kdlitg Harris, wounding Radley and
driving myself from Wilkes was to hin
der a i reat many of Republicans from
voting there, alter the shooting scrape
occurred, because it scattered and scared a
great many of the voters; the President
of the Reuubl can club, in Wilkes couniy,
was Mr. Graham ; Harris and Hammond
were Superintendents of thcCluband Rad
ley was Secretary; Mr. Graham was a white
man ; Mr. Graham was not in tho county
at the time this difficulty occurred; ho
ItfJt aIMJUI Iwu or tfcrcc irccka bc/bio , I
was acting in his place after he left.
Robert Washington, cross-examined.—
Harris, Hammonds, Radley and myself met
at the Freedman’s school house in wliat is
called Freedmen’s town, previous.to going
to the depot on tire day of the difficulty ;
w e did not all go together from the school
house to the depot; Harris, Radley and
myself went together ; Hammond joined
ns at the depot; Hammond was not with
us at the time the difficulty occurred; I
didn’t see him when the difficulty com
menced ; Hammond met us at the depot
before the train came in ; I can’t tell ex
actly at wliat point; I don’t remember to
have seen Hammond again after
first meeting him at the depot
until after the difficulty ; I do not
remember having met Lewis Wil
liams at the school house that day, but did
meet him in the alley wiy by Jim Butler’s
store ; I don’t know whether Harris and
Radley went armed that day or not; I had
a piste 1 which I carried for my protection;
not for the purpose of raising any row,
and it was not concealed ; I did not see
either Radley or Harrm with arms
in their hands during tho difficulty;
I do not know who the tall white
man with tho gray coat on was (re
ferred to belorc), who stood on the pht
forni, and said, “dam’n Bryant, if he is
on the train we will pick his teeth he
was a stranger to me ; I don’t know how
many men were standing in the crowd
about said tall white man when he made
the above remark; I did not arrest them;
this man did rush into the train ; I can’t
fell how many of the party rushed in with
him ; there were a good many ; they went
in before I walked to the train with Rad
ley; they rushed in at the end where
Radley went; this crowd came out of the
same end they went in at; they did not
remain iu there long after I went to it, but
came right out again ; I can’t (ell bow
long they remained in there ; had no
wateb, but it was not long ; I don’t tbirk
(hoy remained five minutes ; I don’t
think they remained over two minutes ;
the crowd had come out of the
train when I started from the lower end of
the train to meet Radley at the upper ; I
can’t certainly say that all came out;
the crowd referred to was still in the
train when I walked toward it in company
with Radley; this crowd of white men
was about 20 feet from me when they
made the before mentioned remark to
Radley; I knew only one man in this
crowd, but did’nt know whether he was
the leader of it or not; I saw no difficulty
previous to my going to the train with
Radley, between Radley and any white
man; I was with Radley all the time that
day from the time I, he and Harris reach
ed the depot, until I and Radley went to
the train; I saw no occurrence between
Radley and any white man at the depot
during the said time that seemed likely to
bring about a difficulty in my judgment;
I saw Radley when he was first struck; I
can’t say wliat man struck him first ; I
saw about half a dozen white men strike
him as well as I can remember at that
time; I don’t know the name of any of
the crowd that struck him ; they struck
him with pistols; I only knew the name
of one man in the crowd as far as I recol
lect, and that was William Toombs; I
don’t remember to have seen William
Toombs strike Ita* 1 ley at that time or at
any other time ; be was in the crowd;
I don’t remember that he (William
Toombs) was one M the half dozen
that struck Radley ; I heard Radley say
nothing before the white men aproaebing,
exclaimed “Don’t draw a pistol ; L Rad
ley had said anything previous to
I think I should have heard it; I didn’t
hear him say anything or didn t see him
do anything before tbe white man made
the above remark ; I don't know the name
of tbe man who fired the first pistol, but
it was a white nun; I couldn t say it it
was the colored n ilG tbe grey coat or
not; these men who assaulted Radley
were not masked in aDy way or dis
guised ; I did nothing while these men
were striking Radi y : after I was fired
upon and when the team ot mules before
rcfeired to had driven the crowd partly
! back 1 drew and fired; I did not fire
upon any ot the crowd before they fired
I upon me; I fired twice and the pistol
was then knocked out ot my hand by a
glancing bail which afterwards struck my
hand ; I had said or done nothing to
aav of the white men before shot at
which shoud justify them id shooting at
i me ; I did not draw any pistol until
! shot at; the white man who fired
the first shot nred at Radley; I
i couldn’t tell whether I was the
i colored man who fired the first shot
or not; I don’t know when Mm. Hams
I fired first shot; I can’t remem oer how
1 many shots were fired at Radley before
the colored men began to shoot; in my
opinion there were a half a dozen—it may
be more : I did i ot see Radley fire at all ;
I don’t know how many shots William
Harris fired ; didn’t see William Harris
fire at all ; didn't see any colored man be
sides myself fire at the crowd of white
men ; I was acquainted with Mr. Graham,
j President of Republican Club ; I think he
Wes a white man ; he went for me ; I
have heard Graham make speeches to the
colored men previous to his leaving Wash
ington ; I don’t know that he was ever
interrupted while making • Republican
speeches to the colored inen there ; I
don’t know why he left Washington ; I
was a member at the Club at same time he
was ; 1 do not know- that Graham left
Washington on account of being behind
hand in the Freedman’s School Fund; it
was not as I know a notorious fact that lie
did so ; I don’t know why Graham left
Wilkes county; I was Vice-President of
the Club of which he was President; he 1
left unknown to me; I heard Mr. Rice
speak, during the late Congressional cam
paign. in the Republican interests; also
Mr. Graham ; Mr. Turner was there and
spoke, but I did not hear him ; Mr. Rice
spoke about three weeks prior to the above
mentioned difficulty; no white man
interfered with him that I know;-
I don’t remember at what hour
the speaking was advertised to com
mence on the day when the diffi
culty occurred; Col. Bryant, Col. Fannin
and Thos- Beard were understcod to be
the speakers that day; I run no bills ; I
have uot been m Wilkes couniy since the
day of the difficulty; I do rot know, of
my own knowledge, that the Republicans
were scattered and frightened by that
diffieulty and prevented from voting, only
from hearsay ; the opinion that I gave in
chief examination that “the effect of the
difficulty was to scatter, frighten and pre- I
vent from voting the Republican voters,” !
was based upon what 1 had heard, and Dot
upon wbat I had seen ; I know personally
a irreat many sis the Republican voters in
Wilkes county; know them when I see
them ; can’t ted all their natnos; have
talk) and with a great many of them; I du
not know as many as 300 voters there. I
do know Col. Biyant; Radley was not a
preacher, but I think a member of the
ohurch.
Rc-direct—l was not under the influence
of liquor on tbe day of the difficulty;
Harris and Radley were not, as I know ;
I think I should have known it if they
had been ; white men and colored were in
the habit, of carrying arms there while I
was in WJkes ; Radley was standing bent
over with his face toward the ground when
they commenced shooting at him ; I think
it was a little over three weeks between
the last public meeting and the difficuby ;
I believe 1 saw and talked with 100 voters
whom 1 thought to have been Republicans
while I was in the county.
Isaac Keebler being sworn, deposes and
says: During the late election for members
of Congress in this District, I was iD Lou
isville, Jefferson county, Ga.; nothing oc
curred the first day, only some white men
attacked Robt. 15 ittey; Robert Battey went
up to the polls shortly after they were
opened; he went up there desiring to vote
for members to Congress ; he was objected
to, and afterwards went down the street;
shortly after, Mr. Nicholas Diehl went
after him, requesting him to come back
and vote. He went back and east his vote
for members to Congress; afterwards ho
came out from the rest of those standing
to voie, and said, go in, boys, and vote ;
after some time, I told Battey to leave,
(Contestee objects to wbat witness testi
fies to what he told Battey—objection
overruled, and contestee exoepts to ruling
of the court.) I told him so because from
information I received I thought it dan
gerous for him to remain; I heard some
Democrats say on that day to Battey that
he was too scrutinizing; I heard them say
nothing more to Battey on that day; the
remarks were made by a party of George
Stapleton, Alton Rheme, and Robert Fun
nel were standing together—one of the
party made the remark ; all that 1 have re
ferred to occurred on the first day of the
election ; I staid out at Mr. Gamble’s plan
tation the first night of the election, be
cause I wanted to see Robert Battey, for I
knew be was not in Louisville ; I left town
on the hunt of Robert Battey ; when I
found him, I prevailed on him not to go
hack to Louisville the next day, because I
was afraid if he went back they would
disturb him ; 1 mean by disturb that I was
afraid the white men would hurt him ;
the reason given above is not the only
reason for not staying at home that night;
another reason was, I was in my house on
tile tirst day or cue elccilou ; itiere ui.iue
three men and knocked at my door; I
opened ihe door and saw strange men iu
my house, and did not like the appearance
of tilings ; the reason given by these per
sons for coming to my house was to get a
drii.k of water: one of these men was
Roger Lawson, and another was Jotm
Taylor ; the other I did’nt know ; they
inquired if any one was in besides me, and
I replied no ; they drank and went out;
I did uot want to remain home that sight,
because I was afraid to; I locked the
door of my house, put the key in my
pocket, and left the house for the night,
because I belie ed it unsafe ; I staid away
from Louisville that niaht, and returned
the next morning to my house at Liuie
ville, and found the house broken open,
but everything there, but badly turned up;
I staid but a few minutes; nothing broken
but the 1 itch and pannel of one door ; my
books and papers were thrown into the
street; nothing of value was missing from
my house ; soon after this time I went up
to the voting place, and found everything
quiet, as far as I can recollect; I can’t
recollect anything happening the second
day calculated to prevent any voter from
voting as he choosed to vote ; Foley told
me the second day of tho election that he
had came down as a member or the Legis
lature. (The question to the above answer
objected to by contestants. Counsel over
ruled by tbe court, excepted to) ;
this had a tendency to discourage Repub
lican voters from voting ; tho nam u s of
Congressmen were on the Republican
ticket from which Foley withdrew ; (tho
Republican ticket or Jefferson county
was introduced as tes'imony ;) the second
night of the election I went into she coun
try about four miles ; mv own house is iu
Liuisville ; the reason I didn’t stay at
nay house tbe second night was because I
thought it unsafe to do so ; bociuse my
house bad been opened the tight previous;
I was at the voting place on Thursday the
last day ; the voting place was at Louis
ville ; I left the voting place about four
o’clock, p. m., because I received a threat
ening n„te to do so, and I was afraid to
stay; I left immediately aud went to Au
gusta ; I left my house and family ; I have
not returned to my house since, but sent
for my family to come to Augusta; my
wife came the first Monday in January ;
l made up my mind not to go back to
L ;uisvii!e ; those three white men who
c„m; to my bouse for water were never
there before ; I lived at Louisvilie one
year ; the leading Republicans in Jeffer
son county were Bradley Fcley, John
Johnson, George Holt and myself; Batty
wa3 visiting his mother at Louisville ; be
was there talking 50 his friends advising
them how to vote ; he advised them to
unite together and vote the Republican
ticket; Bitty is a colored man ; I saw
Batty at Louisville one day during the
election; (the contestee. now moves to
strike out the entire testimony of Isaac
Keebler on the ground that it is totally
irrelevint and fails in any manner to sustain
the charges contained in contestants no
tieo of contest; the Court overruled the
objection, but will strike out if Keebler is
not corroborated.)
Cross-examination of Isaie Keeblpr—
Batty lived in Augusta ; Batty went ut>
to the polls to vote and was rejected ; I
mean by attacking him in my direct ex
amination, that bis vote was rejected ; I
didn’t see any one strike Batty ; I dis
remember whether I saw ary one curse or
abuse Batty ; they were cuising him on
every hand ; the largest part of the white
men there were cursing him ; I distinctly
recollect two; I don’t remember the names:
one was a farmer ; I don’t remember tho
others ; Batty was five or six steps from
them ; they were not talking to Batty
when they cursed him ; the .three white
men who came to my house and a*ked for
water did not make any threats; I did not
see any voter beat, shot, or cut during the
recent election ; I don’t know of any man
who was prevented from v<»t:ng by any
threat or act of violence on the part of any
Democrat.
Robert Batfy (colored) examined—Re
side in Richmond county ; I am a voter;
have voted once or twiee; on a part of the
first day of the late election in Louisville,
Georgia, I went there to attend the elec
tion ; I lived there once 18 years, and was
told that I was born there ; I went there
in the Interest of the Republican party ;
the voting in Louisville was going on at
the Court House ; I think I reached there
about 9 o’clock ; the voting was not going
on when I reached there; when I got to
tbe Court House I carried the tickets with
me and distributed them ; a few minutes
after that complaint was made that they
could not vote unless they had paid their
taxes; I stated to them that I thought
they could, that an act of the Legislature
had moved it out of the way, if I under
s'ood it right; that they must be
mistaken ; I then went in myself to vote
for members of Congress, and stated that
was all I wanted to vote for; they asked
me if I had paid my taxes and been iu tbe
county thirty days : they asked me to
take the oath ; I refused to do it; one of
the members said he thought I could vote;
' (hey finally concluded I could not vote ; I
! then catne out, and 1 went amongst the
voters and talked to them ; I then stated
tbe fact I eould’nt vote myself; at that
time the Republican voters became .de
moralized ; a short time after Mr. DV.hi
came for me, ar.d said the managers
w-sbed to see me ; after awhile I went ;
alter ext mining the law closely, the ts’sn
egers said I could vote ; I then voted for
members of Congress ; at that time many
wore at the polls : I then distributed more
tickers; l used a.i my influence to keep them
quiefjthen 1 locked to my right and I hear 1
one of the men call my name; he then drew
a pencil from his vest coat poeket ; I saw,
while he wrs writing, that he was writing
my name ; be said to me “damn you,
we’d fix you tc-aigh<;” when he said that,
I asked him what I had done ? he then
sail 1 Imd Deen manipulating our affairs ;
when lie sad that 1 told him 1 had not
disturbed any one at all ; he then s'aid to
me, “you have eot no business here I
told him 1 was born in the county and
had lived there eighteen years ; he turned
and shook his baud and head and said "it
is all right;” by that time I think t.iere
must have been at least twenty white men;
I guessed them to be Democracts ; I thou
tried to reason with ihem ; they would
not stop to hear me ; one said to the
other, "there stands the rascal, take him
good;” by that time the voters standing
outside became very uneasy; they said to
me you had better have nothing to do rear
the polls, they are trying to raise a row
with you; I went off then from the polls
and stopped there and talked with
several of the voters; I could see the
Democrats around ; they were dreadfully
mad with me ; I then went on the leit
sid; ot tbe Ciurt House where there was
less crowd ; the color’d men continued to
come to me begging me to leave as it was
dangerous to be there ; a short while af
ter that I came upon tbe platform aud
stated to them I was going to dinner ;
they asked me when I was coming back ;
I told them in about twenty minutes ;
that seemed to draw the attention of a
great many when I said that I was going
off; I then immediately left the Court
House to parts unxnown to them ; I|have
not been to the Court House since ; this
was about three or four o’clock tho first
day ; I know one prevented from voting
for non-payment of taxes; I do not
know his name ; I have forgotten ; they
may have let him vote afterwards ;
I should think the Republicans did hear
the threats, and it completly de
moralized them ; those whom I thought
to b . Republicans did not take any part
in the election while I was there, George
Holt and Bradly E’oley were a good dis
tance from the Court House, very much
disheartened; about half-past eight or
nine o’clock in the morning, I bad a good
laugh at them, when they stated about the
notes being sent them about having noth
ing do with the cl'ction; I told them I
would do everything I could to encourage
Republicans to come to the polls, it was
only done to frighten them ; George Holt
said then be was frightened, said he to me,
“Batty, I can’t have anything to do with
it ;” I did not see either of them during
the day within fifty yard* of the polls ; do
not know of any ono to whom any threats
was made, none but myself that I heard ;
I intended to stay until tbe close of the
election ; 1 heard that they prayed for me,
and I then thought the thing was getting
serious; l left 011 the first day of the election
for I thought somoono would pitch into me;
I think I would have been hurt if I had
remaired, from threats I heard there ;
after I left there 1 came out about two
miles from Manson’s Branch, about three
miles from Louisville, and staid thore all
night; I did not know of any armed bands
of men being out that night of my own
knowledge; of my own knowledge, I know
of nothing else being done in Jefferson
county to intimidate voters; I oonversed
with colored voters a great deal; I can’t
exactly s-ay how many I conversed with ;
I suppose it was at least two hundred ;
L can’t say how many more ; from all that
I have heard I believe they intended to
vote the Republican ticket; I saw one old
man who intended to vote the Democratic
ticket.
Robert Battey, cross-examined—l was
paid for my set vices ia going to Jefferson
county in the iate eleotiou iu December ;
I don’t remembjr exactly how much I
got ; enough was 1 aid me to pay any
board while there and my expemes on the
cars ; 1 did not get any money for testi
fying in this case ; it is not understood
that I am to be the next candidate for
Legislature in my party ; 1 told tho col
ored people in Jefferson couniy that if I
understood it rightly the poll taxes were
all taken tff ; I will swear that I used the
words “poll lax” all the time in talking
to the colored people ol Jefferson county ;
Id and not see with my own eyes or know
of my own knowledge any voter who was
shot, beat or cut or maltreated and pre
vented from voting except myself, who
I think was maltreated ; I don’t know
what is meant ly maltreatment, but I
think I was maltreated when thev told
me that I had no business there, I had
lived there eightecu years, and thought
I had businesss there ; I don’t know who
it was that said "damn you we’ll fix you
•to-night can’t state the name of a single
person that said an unkind word to me
during said election ; I saw one qualified
voter that was not allowed to vote on
account of not having paid his taxes ; I
saw his vote rejected at that time; can’t
say he did not vote daring the day ; can’t
remember his name ; I know that he was
old enough to vote, but don’t know any
further as regards his qualifications for
voting under tho laws of tho State of
Georgia ; I did "ot see a drop of blood
shed at the election ; I did not see any
fighting ; I did not see violence of any
kind ; I did not see any voter compelleJ
to vote for 8. A. Corker against his will ;
I lett the Court House for parts unknown
both on account of threats heard myself
and also on account of threats that were
said to have been made against me; the
threats I heard were made by a man who
shook his finger at me, cursed me and said
“damn, you vre will fix you to-nightl
did not use any offensive word or remark
to any white or colored man while at the
election ; I carried no pistol in Louisville
while attending the election, and advised
every one else to leave theirs at their
home; f can’t say positively there were any
prevented from voting by the threats
made against myself; I did not see any
masked or disguised men while in Jeffer
son county; I was in Louisville only in
the day; I stayed Monday night before
the election (Tuesday) near Manson’s
branch; I don’t know who owns the
h m-e; I suppose Mr. Denny owns the
piece; I ate breakfast Tuesday morning
at Mr Berry Mnllen’a colored man; I
think 1 saw a white woman near Manson’s
branch Monday; did not talk with her; I’
did not see or talk with any white person'
on this side of Mansou’s branch between
12 o’clock Tuesday and 3 o’clock Wednes
day of tbe election ; I don’t think I tiad
any conversation with white persons near
the branch during time aforesaid ; I think
I saw Mr. Denny there; was shown no
violence while there; think f am now
about through.
Re-direct—Wbat I received over my
expenses to Jefferson county during the
late election was about the same as my
regular daily wages when I worked at my
trade ; I think it was dark about 6 o’clock
p. m. during the election ; I suppose it
would take me about an hour to walk
from Louisville to the place where I
stopped at night; the threa's that caused
mi to leave were those used all throngh
the day, aDd the cursing and saying
“dam’n you, we will fix you to-night,” and
also the people who came to me and told
me of the threats used agaiD3t me ; _ my
reasons for slating that the Republican
party were demoralized alter the threats
used were that the people said to me,
“Battey. what shall we do, you oan't s;ay
here, and we shall do nothing after you
leave;” but I said, “O, I think not;
but my cpinion was that the thing was
gone up when I left there; I mean by this
that the Democrats would carry the elec
tion.
Re-cross-examined—All 1 testily to, in
this case, excoot the damn you,
wo will get you tc-night, and others
made to me, were merely founded upon
heresay and opinion save what 1 saw.
[continued on second PAGE. I
[communicated. I
A Good Joke.
A planter of Wilkes county, who, for
the past three years, has been us'mg
Mathewsons Soluble Faaific Guano,
very recently attonded church, and
listeued to an eloquent discourse by a
missionary. After this discourse was
over, a collection was taken up for mis
sionary purposes ; and upon approaching
the planter above mentioned, his reply
was: that he did not know anything
about missionary, but that Solly Pacific
was good enough for him. On another oc
casion this same planter was visited by
the agent of the Christian Index, and his
reply was ; that he did not know anything
about Christian Index, but Solly Pacific
was good enough for anybody.
NETW SERIES, VOL. XXIV. NO. 7.
Making.
We kavo lately had the odoriferous
pleasure of inspecting the extensive build
ings and valuable machinery established
by the Dickson Fertilizer Company cf this
city, for the manufacture of their wdl
known Dickson’s Compound and other
preparations of like nature. This com
pany is the pioneer manufacturing con
cern of this section, and has grown in
three years from a modest start in the
hands of the firm of Shivers & Alexan
der, to be the most comilete and thor
ough and extensive establishment of the
kind in Georgia ; now in the hands of
tho Dickson Fertilizer Company, a joint
stock organization, of which Mr. James
T. Gardiner is the President.
The enterprise originated, and business
established by the first firm, by open and
fair dealing, and honest preparation of a
good manure, though the past seasons
have grown to be great, and cow stand at
the head of the trade ia fertilizers in
Georgis.
On account of t’ae low price of cotton
and the want of means and credit, plan
ters are generally indisposed to the use of
guaucs the present year. List year
there was a mania on the subject, aud
there was not enough in all the market
to supply the exorbitant demand. The
Dickson Company last year sold out an
extensive stock before tho season was half
over, and was quite unable, with all its
appliances, to meet the wants of its cut
torn ers.
The fertilizers generally were good, and
the seasous auspicious and the gathering
season was late and fair. The consequence
is, there is too much cotton made, supply
exceeds demand and priees arc low. For
this state of affairs many persons utterly
d—n guano, whereas, in truth, tho only
difficulty is, they bought and used too
much and too good guano.
There is, however, a steady and relia
ble custom for fertilizers among a large
class of experienced planters, who have
many seasons past from which to draw
their experience, and who do uot so un
reasonably curse guano for making much
cotton. These are bnying and will buy as
usual, to the extent of their means and
wants.
How many kinds of guano there are
and the merits of them, we eonld not be
gin to tell. In our advertising columns
will he found the names of nearly every
commission house in this city, each repe
senting some standard manure, most of
them long and successfully used, and all ot
them good and worth their prices, as the
results of using them on the past crop
abundantly shows.
There also is found the name of the
Dickson Company with the well-known
trade mark of the sweep. Asa home
company, composed ot onr own people and
dealing with our own people, we have
taken much satisfaction in going over
their establishment and seeing into the
process of guano making.
The superphosphating department is the
first place in order, being on the canal aud
accessible by the street cars. Here are
three bone mills, and a magnificent ma
chine for mixing with acid, all arranged
with as much system and after the same
style with a first-class flour mill. The
first mill is a rough and powerful crusher
which takes the raw bone in its first
State, and of any size, and brings it down
to scraps and slags. The grinding sur
faces are of a peculiar character, patent
ed, and as hard as metal can he made,
even in these days of advanced mechani
cal skill. But so heavy is the work they
do, that these faces require to he renewed
after six to ten tons of bone have passed
through. .
The scrap or slag bone, coming from
this crasher, is next fed into a smaller mill,
ot anew and different pattern, and is
thence taken by elevators to the third
story of the bu lline, where it passes
through a fine wire bolter (No. 21). The
remnant which is still tqo coarse to pass
through so fine a bolter is now shed off,
and passes dowD a feed pipe into an im
mense pair of fine burr stones, which
finally reduce it all to powder. A farmer’s
eyes would water to see the finely prepared
stock of bone as it oomos through this
bolter, lyiDg, as wo saw it, in a bulk .of
many tons, fine as the very dust, and
ready for the application of the acid. As
an evidence of the great labor and expense
of reducing raw bone to this state, we may
say, that the average daily result from all
this machinery is but two tons of bone
flour.
On a floor just half a story below the
bolter, is geared up the mixer, a huge re
volving iron tub, capable of holding sev
eral thousand pounds of bone flour, and
within whieb are four large steel turning
plows, whioh also revolve upon an axle,
mixing the bone and acid together, as the
tub goes round.
The acid is weighed out and placed in a
lead-lined trough near at hand, and flows
thence by a pipe directly into tbe mixer.
When this process is going on the fumes
from the decomposing bone fill the room
with a dense vapor so severe upon the
lungs that we, like all others not some
what accustomed to breathe it, had to
withdraw a few paces.
B / a conv niently arranged trap-door, in
the bottom of the ouxir, the bone, now
converted into the pure-t and richest
soluble phosphate, is dropped steaming
hot upon the floor btfow, where it is
quickly banked up and let to lie far the
benefits of tha continued action of the
acid This hulk will retain its heat and
acrid smell for many weeks, and the longer
it lies so the more thorough the decompori
tion that ensues.
We say, without hesitation, we know of
no place where «o pure and thorough a
work is done in this line as here. Any one
who examines tbe material used, an! the
process it goes through, must concede that
no improvement in the way of purity can
be made;
Toe piles of'old bone, as it accumulates
in the bone shed at this work, is a matteJ
of some curiosity. The company buys
them from ail quarters, and still wants
more, and yet it is surprising that such
quantities can be so readily accumulated.
Tho products of this supernhosuhating
establishment are all used in the manipu
lation of Dickson’s Gonpnund, and this is
done at the lower mj! of the company,
which is run by s'cam power. This mill
is located on the line of the Central Rail
road, just outride 'ho city limits ami
fronting on South Bounduy street. It
is a much more rx'onsive establishment
than the bone mill above described, con
sisting of two main buildings, rarallelto
each other, 140 and 200 feet long respec
tively, and 40 feet wide, besides the engine
room and two smaller out-buddings.
These were all erected in 1869 by tbe
Dickson Company, the lot of five acres of
land having been bought for the purpo-e-
Throngh the lot run two railroad tracks,
also built by the Dickson Company, one
connecting with the brick yard, formerly
DeLaigle’s, now Hallahan’s, and used by
agreement for either party, the other
leading directly between the two long main
buildings, where all the outgoing and in
coming freights of the Dickson Company
are shipped or received immediately on or
from the trains, on platforms constructed
od a level with the ears.
These railroad tracks connect by a switch
at South Boundary street with the main
line of the Central Road, and thence by
the tracks of the Street Railroad Com
pany, with all the depots in the city. All
the transportation of fertilizers for the
Dickson works, except what goes or comes
on the Central Road, is done by the en
gines of the Street Road, under contract.
Without this facility, it would be difficult
to secure the means of moviog the vast
amounts of freight this company furnishe«.
Within the two main'buildings of the
Dickson Company above referred to, is
conducted the whole process of manipula
tion, by which is made the justly cele
brated brands of guano, known as Dick
son’s Compound, Diamond A Compound,
and as well, also, many other formulas
made up to order at request of customers,
who desire special preparations, varying
from the ordinary process.
The machinery to be seen here, while,
from unavoidable reasons, it has been
adapted to the building, rather than the
building to it, is still excellently arranged,
thoroughly efficient, and for simplicity and
economy in the plan and convenience to
the work to he done, is a credit to our
friend, Major Jas. A. Shivers, who, as we
are informed, devised it.
Ttie principal machine in this work
s the large disintegrating and mixing mill,
the construction of which it is diffi
cult to explain in detail; out briefly,
it may he said to he four wheels revolving
one within the other, in opposite direc
tions, by means of a series of hollow
shafts, the surface of these wheels being
of the toughest iron, and the outer circles
or peripheries of wrought inch steel bars,
the whole being cased underneath in a
close iron hopper, from the bottom of
which the elevators conduct, the pulverized
guano to the bolter on the loft floor.
When it is stated that this mill, or the
four wheels that do the work, tly around
at a speed of 000 revolutions per minute,
in opposite directions, it w ill be readily
perceived it is a powerful and efficient pul
verizer. The hardest green flint rock,
such as is often found in Peruvian Guano,
is beaten to fragments, and passes up l>y
the elevators, and is shed off as refuse
from the bolter. Asa mixer, too, it is no
less thorough than as a pulverizer and
disintegrator. The capacity of this mill
as it now runs is fully nine tons per hour,
and with additional sets of elevators to
keep the box clear. Major Shivers has no
doubt the machine itself will carry through
200 tons in a fair day's work.
To (secure uniformity of quality in all
their preparations, the Dickson Company
uses especial care to have all the material
go into the mill in proper proportion. To
this end, as we observid carefully in the
process of manufacture, the ingredients
for each bed are first carefully weighed
out, and then spread in alternate layers
over the floor, and bed placed on bed
as last as it can bo weighed out and
packages opeuod, and all flaa'ly shoveled
up from the botton and harrowed or
thrown to the mill. By this means ‘be
several elements of the (Jompound-Pe
ruvian Guano, plaster, dissolved bone,
potash, salt, Ac., Ate., go in in proper
degree. As they come from the mil! after
passing through the bolter on the loft
floor, and down, the spout and hopper
arranged to receive it, the whole mass is
thoroughly incorporated, of a uniform
rich brown color, strong in all the ele
ments of vegetable life and fine and diy,
ready to pass easily through any guano
drill or be spread by the hand. The
bolter cleans out all the rock, and drops
into the hopper only the pure dry ma
terial for the planters’ use.
The process is finished now by tho
saokers, who draw the prepared com
pound from the hopper directiy into the
new strong bags, placed already on tha
scales, filling each bag to the uniform
weight of two hundred pounds and sew
ing up with strong twine. Then, when or
ders are in, aud oars at hand, thp bags are
trucked on board immediately ana ship
ped in fresh prime order, or else arc
slow'd away in piles for shipment as
occasions demand.
The machinery for this manufacture is
located in the lower ana smaller of the two
main buildings. The upper and larger is
the store house in which are kept the
stock of material to be manufactured.
The railroad track lies between the two
buildings, affording equal facilities for
loading and unloading from either plat
form. The whole arrangement of the
buildings and machinery shows an equal
regard to both economy of .expenditure
aud couveniency of work. There is noth
ing for show, but everything neces
sary to prompt and efficient accomplish
ment of business.
We find the store house of tho company
contains a very moderate quantity of
material in proportion to that of last year.
The present restriction upon the trade was
foreseen to be a certain result of the low
ruling rates of cotton, and the Dickson
Company have provided only lor very
limited sales. Last year nearly six thou
sand tons of their various brands of fertili
zers were shipped from this esrab ishment,
almost all of which was placed in Middle
and Lower Georgia, aud Upper South
Carolina, though some extensive ship
ments were made to North Carolina and
Virginia, and at many points in the West
and Southwest, several car loads be
ing sold in Louisiana. The returns from
these thousands of tons have been as satis
factory, we venture to say, as could occur
in any business. Hundreds of letters,
from every State betwoen Virginia and
Texas, are fded in the company’s office, all
testifying to the best results oil corn, cot
ton, grain aud tobacco, from the applica
tion of these fertilizers. Tho cases of
failure are also reported, and can be more
than counted on the lingers of one hand,
and all fairly attributable to a definite
local cause. The officers of this company
have never solicited, and do not publish
any certificates from planters; yet, they
have reports for their own information
from nearly all their customers and from
every section,* and note as well the very
rare complaints that reach them as they
do the reports of successes. Certificates in
the original they have, and will take
pleasure in showing, but it is not thought
any advantage to publish them, as lew
persons are influenced in this way. Plant
ers are invited to visit and inspect their
works, and see the material used and
process of manufacture of their fertilizers,
and those who will do so, seeing as wo
have seen, wall need no proof of the fact
that their guanos are pure, aud must re
sult well.
The trade in guano will probably never
again reach the extent that it did last
year, unless unusual stimulus should
occur in the way of high prices for cotton.
While the staple rules at from 14 to 20c.,
probably this season’s business wiil indicate
nearly the average extent of guano sales
for years to come. The excite rnent has
passed away, the relapse and piostration
are now upon us, and the present bitter
experience will remain to counteract
future tendencies to over-cropping in
Fertilizers will be always wanted,
by a majority of planters, but each will
use in moderation, and with reference to
his ability to pay.
The purposes of the President of the
Dickson Fertiliz r Company anticipate a
steady and reasonable demand in ‘he
future for good fertilizers as for inner
standard wares and merchandise, and the
business contemplated bv him is not. tran
sient but permLnent. Therefore, iiy care
ful attention to the purity and excel once
of his manufactures, it is proposed to
establish and maintain a character and
influence in the trade that will secure a
reliable and safe business in the future.
Dicksons Compound and the trade mark:
of the company are not patented for any
temporary purposes of sadden and great
profits, but will be permanent features in
the trade, and the value and significance
of the brand will be maintained with the
same jealous care that in years betore the
war placed Mr. Gardiner iu such promi
nent and enviable position in connection
with the cotton-commission business in
Augusta.
We take pleasure in commending the
Dickson Company, after an elaborate m
vestigation of its system of business trod
its manufactures, feeling assured, from
what we know and have seen, that there
is no attempt or wish to do anything less
than a fair and legitimate busine- . in
which their customers will lose nothing.
Our own citizens own and control the
whole affair, and the addition it makes to
the trade of the city of Augusta is very
considerable. It is no small guarantee of
safety to the planter to buy of our own
borne people, woo have character aid busi
ness to maintain, aril who are on hand al
ways to be held to account when any one
inadvertently suffers at their hand-.
Agencies lcr the sale of these fertilizers
are established at most of the towns and
cities in Georgia, and are thoroughly ad
vertised in our country exchange?.
Circular pamphlets arc mailed gratis oa
application to any part of the country,
containing full accounts of the company’s
manufactures, methods of using guanoe,
valuable tables of measurement of laud,
length and width of rows, &e., for uje it;
a ( plying fertilizers, tables of freights by
railroad to all points on fertilizers, &c., &c.
Fit nters from any Bection visiiiiig our
city are invited to call at the office of the
Company, at No. 4 Warren Block.
The New Delaware Senator.—
There were many remarkable circum
stanoes in connection with the Senatorial
election in Delaware. Although every
member of the Legislature i.-> a Democrat,
a Democratic caucus was held, and strange
to say, the three candidates before it were
all Sauisburys, and brothers. All the
members of the Legislature were present.
The following table shows theresu-t of
the four ballotiDgs, the fourth and final
one electing Eli over Gove by a vote o; 16
to 14:
Fir it. Second. Third. Fourth
Willard Saulsbury... 13 i3 14 0
Gove Saulsbury 14 14 15 14
J?li Saulsbury 33 1 16
The bombardment of Belfort continues.
