Georgia Historic Newspapers

    OLD SERIES—VOL. LXXVJIL
(fltu’Dtuclc & Sentinel.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
r> a u.Vi
One month - t • j*®
(me your
TiU-WEEKIjV.
One year I ®
Hi* months ® 60
T hree month 2 00
WEEKLY.
Throe months — 1
Mix months 1 6®
One year a '*®
WKB.MCftiUIcMOBtISG, JULY 12.
THK THI - rtminci SIMOJI
CAMKKOX.
The reason for Senator Cameron’s syc
ophancy to the President lias at last been
expli ned. For months past he has been
endeavoring to get next to the President,
and has nearly succeeded in pu -hing Morton
one side. The public were curious to know
what tack the old reprobate was on. Home
thought thorn was a big thieving job on
hand, and the previous character of the
man justified the conclusion. But it turns
out that money was not his principal ob
ject. His recent operations in this State,
where ho managed to get possession, in
connection with Joe Brown and others, of
the State Head,must have aatisfiid his av
arice. At any rate, it is now discovered
that he is seeking political promotion, and
tho prize in his mind's eyo ia no less than
that oT the Vice-Presidency.
Already the movement in this direction
bag been inaugurated by a few of' hia po
litical friends—who were doubticßS well
paid for the service—in Baltimore, and
his naan presented for the second place
ou the Radical ticket. This will be a se
rious blow to Smiler Colfax, and will causo
a considerable flutter in extreme Radical
circles.
A Fktt TIKMGHTB KOK TIIK BUSINESS
11KX OK AIUISTA,
Wo direct the special attention of our
readers to the communication of our cor
respondent elsewhere primed in this morn
ing’s issue, upon tho importance of rail
road connection of this city with Albany,
Georgia. More than two years since we
prepared and published in the Chronicle
& Sentinel a series of articles, to bhow
the prime necessity of direct rail commu
nication with Southwestern Georgia, Mo
bile and Now Orleans.
If the road from Albany to Pollard Bhall
he constructed, about, which there appears
now to ho liltlo doubt, Avgu-ta mint have
a road to Albany. Such a road would
bring to this city over one hundred thou
sand hales of cotton annually, and weald
muko Augusta tho great grain and previs
ion depot for all Southern and Southwest
ern Georgia and South Alabama. Sued a
connection would double our present tri.de,
and give bueh an impetus to business as
would astonish the mossy back old fogies
who are constantly croaking against uow
enterprises.
With the completion of the Athens and
Clayton Road, and thence to Knoxville,
Augusta would be brought ns near to tho
great provision districts of the West as
Atlanta, and would at once, if wo had di
rect communication with Albany, divert all
tho rieh provision trade of Macon and
Atlanta to this plaoft. The one road is the
complement of tho other. Roth must bn
built, or we must prepare nursclvos to see
tho little trade we now havo gradually
withdrawn to more enterprising and flour
ishing markets.
TilK TAUIIfK QIiKSTION -SKYATOK
NIIKItMAY.
Tlio loaders of tho Radical parly iu the
West, warned hy the almost universal op
position in thut scot ion to a high protec
tive tariff, aro bo«inninK to shapo their
course so as to meet tho requirements of
their party. Even So.intor Sherman,
who about a year ago, in a campaign
speech, said ho had never found out the
difference between a revenue tariff and a
protective tariff, has roconty received anew
revelation on this subject, and has declar
ed his intention to discuss fully, during tho
presed State campaign in Ohio, all the
details of tho system, which, iu plain
English, means that ho intouds to place
himsolf upon tho tide of popular senti
ment in his State, hy taking position
against the present protective tariff.
This is a wise conclusion on the part o(
Senator Sherman, but how will it suit the
views of his master Grant and tho Eastorn
managers of his party. There is litilc
doubt that if the Western Radicals desert
their party on this important question,
that it will engender much bitterness of
feeling, if not open hostility, against them
among tho leaders of the Eastern and
Middle States, and which may enc. in a
serious split in tho party. This “now de
parture” of tho Wostern Radicals involves
ono of two alternatives, either of which
must soriously weaken the party organiza
tion. Tt will force the party to take un
equivocal ground in their national platform
next year, cither for or against a protect
ive tariff. If they should pronounce against
such a measure, tho East will secede and
set up an organization of their own ; if
they pronounce in tavor of such a system,
the West will repudiate them and join tho
opposition.
This tariff question is likely to become
tho chief element in the canvass of 1872.
Tho more sagacious of the Radicals will,
doubtless, endeavor to overshadow it by
the insane cry of Ku Klux, but wo have
reason to believe that this make-shiit of
the leaders will not be approved by the
masses of the party. Seven years of or
derly obedience to the law, and a condition
of perfect pe&eo and good loci eg at the
South, will show the shallowness ot tho
pretext upon which the Radical leaders
insist arises the necessity lor continued
persecution of the Southern people. The
proper adjustment of tho tariff is a home
question to tho people of the North and
West, and when pressed, as they are, so
heavily by tariff exactions, they can well
affoid to let up a whilo from their pursuit
of thoso in the South who they are
pleased to call rebels.
Kl’-KLl'I COMMIITAK.
[ From the Washington Patriot.]
The sub-committce of invett:gation now
sitting here, suddenly decided to send
three of their number to North and South
Carolina, although there is no more rea
son for going there than to other parts ol
the South, which have been misrepre
rented in the same way. This movement
was instigated by Mr. Tool, of North
Carolina, and ex-Governor Holden, who
may be regarded as tho two men, of all
others, who have been most active in vili
fying the character of the State, whose
good name they dishonor as natives, and
most vindictive in persecuting their politi
cal opponents. In fact, the committee
has. in the conduct of this invest’gation,
been little else than the instrument ot
personal malice and partisan vengeance-
Pool and liolden wero both violent Con
federates, and tho latter, through his
paper, was one of the most blatant advo
cates ot secession for twenty years. He
adhered to it during the war, until suc
oesa ol the Uoion army began to be cer
tain, and then, with Pool and Other
traders, he turned his coat, and they all
shouted as loudly for the Union as they
had before done in its denunciation. As
soon as President Lincoln's proclamation
appeared, Pool wrote to his agent order
ing all his negroes _to be sold. That
precions document still exists, as a proof
of his affection for a race which he now
courts with the lowest arts ot disgusting
flattery.
We advise our friends in North and
Si nth Carolina to be prepared for the
coming of this committee, consistiag of
Senator Seott, Mr. Stevenson and Mr.
Van Trump. They will leave WashUgton
to-morrow evening, and have doubtless
prepared, through the connivance of Pool,
Holden, and men of the same stripe, a
class of ready-made witnesses, s«ch as
have- been produced here. Let them be
met everywhere by the best citizens, and
aith a calm, but decided insistanee upon
the fairest and fullest inve6(igatioß.
TIU WESTERN RAILROAD—TROUBLE
77 IN THE CAMP.
The lease of the Macon & Western by
the Contral Railroad, and the consequent
control of the Griffin and Decatur Road
by the latter company, has revived the
project of constructing a road direct from
Atlanta to Decatur, Alabama. This road
baa long since been felt to be a necessity for
the preservation of the interests of
Augusta, Atlanta and the Georgia Rail
road. \ charter was granted several
years ago, and tho Georgia Railroad be
came an active advocate of the proposed
enterprise. The matter, howeycr, has
slept quietly, just as “might have been
expected-under the circumstances,” until
Mr. Wadlcy developed his plans for leach
ing the trade of the West by flanking
Ailaufu aud Augusta with las Griffin and
Nowuaa Road. Under the stimulus of
this bold flankiog movement, and a large
amount ot State aid voted by the last
Legislature co-called, the movement has
been revived, and is now exciting consid
erable interest id Atlanta.
Unfortunately, at the very moment
when all the friends of the enterprise
should be united, it seems that serious
differences have arisen, growing out of the
prospective management, of the road.
The contest for the Presidency and Supor
intcndency of the road has waxed so
warm as to threaten a total defeat of I.ho
project. K. li. Rawson and Campbell
Wallaco, are the chief contestants for the
Presidency, the former backed by Hulbert
and his friends, who hope to secure the
plaoo of Superintendent for tho
Tho Georgia Railroad pitches in tho iv
evitablo Dick Peters, and declares tbat if
the road is committed to tho control of
Rawson aDd Hulbert ii will withdraw its
subscription of $250,000, Tho people of
Atlanta prospose to raise $1,000,000
for the construction of the road, and
insist that tho Georgia Road should not
force their man Friday (Peters) upon tho
company. In the meantime, Campbell
Wullace arrives in Atlanta, whither he lias
been specially invited, and it is announced
in the Atlanta papers that he says lie will
build the road without delay if chosen its'
President; that lie will at once remove
his family to Atlauta, and put forth his
whole might, earnestly, zealously and un
falteringly, till tho cars are running from
one end of the road to the other.
Joe Brown also puls liis slimy fingers in
the pie, and insists that the road should not
commence at Atlanta, but at some point
well up on the Stute Road, thus securing to
the Cameron-Brown leasing company the
benefit of 1 tho trade and travel of the pro
posed road over a largo portion of the
State Road. The interference of Joe
Brown in tho affair is suflicient to throw
disrepute upon the project, and wo trust
that the good sense of the people of At
lanta will enable them to see that they
must keep clear of old Joe if they "would
havo their road succeed, Joe Brown and
Dick Petefs are enough to kill any honest
enterprise, however worthy it may be.
A GOOD PLATFORM.
When Thomas Jefferson delivered his
first inaugural address, lie laid down what
he conceived to be tho principles of gov
ernment. They form tho best platform of
Democratic principles ever enunciated, in
office or out of office, and for nearly
three-fourths of a century have been the
ruling principles governing tho great par
ty Os which Mr. Jefferson was the ac
knowledged head. They aro as follows:
“ Equal and exaot justice to all men, of
whatever state or persuasion, religious or
political.
“ The support of the State governments
in all their rights as tho surest bulwarks
against anti-republican tendencies.
“The preservation of the General Gov
ernment in its whole constitutional vigor,
as the sheet-anchor of our peace at homo
and safety abroad.
“ A jealous care of the right of election
by the people.
“ Absolute acquiescence in tlie decisions
of the majority, the vital principle of re
publics, from which there is no appeal
but to force, the vital principle and imme
diate parent of despotism.
“ Tho supremacy of tho civil ovor the
military authority.
“ Eoonomy in public expenses, that la
bor may be slightly burdened
“ F.noouragcmcnt of agriculture, .and ol
comtnerco as its hand-maid.
“ Tho honest payment of onr debss, and
sacred preservanco of tho public faith.
“The dittusiou of information, aDd ar
raignment ot all abuses at the bar of pub
lic reason.
“ Freedom of rr ligiOD, freedom of speech,
freedom of the r,ress, and lreedom of ner
son, under the protection of the habeas
corpus, and (.rials by jury impartially se
lected.”
These doctrines wero good cuough for
Jefferson ; they were goed enough for the
countiy during the golden period, and all
we ask is a return to those sacred princi
ples. They guided this Government
through an unexampled period of happi
ness aud prosperity, and it was only upon
the abandonment of these doctrines that
misfortune fell upon tho couutry, North
and South.
I COMMUNICATED.]
Albany, Mobile and New Orleans Rail
road—Augusta Must Connect.
Early County, July 1, 1871.
Editors Chronicle & Sentinel :
A railroad project has just been origi
nated at Savannah, which promises as
much to Augusta as to any other city
within its influence. Certain railroad
magnates have determined to build a
trunk road from Albany to Pollard, Ala.,
making thereby a dow a id through route
to New Orleans via Mobile. The position
and past history of these gentlemen make
the enterprise—although, apparently in its
preliminary stage—as i tearly a certainty
as anything of that nature can be; indeed,
work upon the first secti. in (from Albany
to Blakely 1 will begin on- the 10th July.
Receiving it as a thing sr.Tely to be accom
plished, its consequences, without doubt,
deserve the serious consideration of the
people of Augusta. Th.iy have, by recent
railroad creations and co mbioations, lost
tho through passenger snd freight traffic
between New York and New Orleans.
From the deflection of this important
transit they do or will s nifer; its recovery,
therefore, it would seer a, must be desir
able. The building of a road from Millen
to Albany will no dou'ot effect it. A glance
at the map shows thr.t from New Y T ork to
New Orleans, via Augusta and Albany,
can vary but little —and that, perhaps, in
favor of Augusta —in distance from that
between those two points via Chattanooga.
The difference era prime cist and easy
grades in favor of the Augusta route
would probably -enable it to c ompete suc
cessfully with U te other in tim e and tariff,
though the Cb attanooga route may be a
few miles the shortest. The road itself
would traverse a rich oountry, in a great
measure, without railroad conn ection with
the busino ss world, and wool and put Au
gusta in q uick communication t rith South
western Cfeorgia, the most prod active por
tion of the State. Whatever of benefit
the city would reap from this new high
way wmld fie shared in largely by the
South. Carol l ',na roads, and bee of it,
is woTthy of their reflection. If a half of
the expet tations, which now seem rea
sonable, of the future expansion of the
wealth and population of the State are
gratified, the local traffic of this route
would doubtless, in a few years, be richly
remunerative. Enterprise.
Oakland.
NEGRO El-ELtl.
SOUTH CAROLINA RADICALS ON
THE WAR PATH.
A BAND OF ARMED NEGROES AT
TACK A HOUSE.
ONE WHITE MAN KILLED. AN
OTHER WOUNDED, AND TWO
LADIES WOUNDED.
On Sunday night the city was excited
by rumors of a serious collision between
the white people and the negroes, in Barn
well county, South Carolina. From the
first reports it appeared that a regular
battle had been fought, and that many
were slain on both sides. Fortunately,
these reports proved, as they generally do,
to be gross exaggerations. The best news,
however, proved to be terrible enough
almost too terrible for belief. Definite in
formation received yesterdag morning from
Silver Bluff, on the Savannah river,
slated tbat a baud of armed negroes had
killed one white man, wounded another,
shot one lady seriously, and another one
severely. After the shooting took place
they had retained their arms and their po
sition, and defied arrest. Beyond these
fragments nothing else was received until
yesterday evening late, when two partlci-.
pators arrived in Augusta—a white man
who had been shot, and a negro who had
been with the band of shooters. Fr6m
what we can gather of the affair lrom gen
tlemen ol South Carolina aod tho colored
Ku-Klux himself,
THE TRAGEDY
seem3 to have been enacted under the fol
lowing circumstances : The difficulty took
Arfkce at the house of Mr. Augus Red,
situated on Beach Island, about twelve
miles l'roui Augusta. ' At a late hour on
last Saturdty afternoon a large band of
armed negro men were seen approaching
tho house occupied by Mr. Red. They
were within a few feet of the front door
bcloro they were discovered. Tho ladies
in the house gave a scream of terror as
if apprehensive ot the bloody intentions of
the Lhck fiends. Mr. Thomas A. Low, a
neighbor, who was in the room, and lying
down near the front dojr, heard tho warn
ing signal, and attempted to rise. As he
was in the act of rising the
NEGROES FIRED A VOLLEY
at him, killing him almost instantly. The
muskets, with which the colored Ku-Klux
were armed, were loaded with buckshot
and small balls, and tho missiles wero sent
in every direction. Besides killing Mr.
Low, they wounded Mr. Red in the
shoulder, wounded his wife —Mrs. M. A.
L. Red—in the neck, and his mother,
Mrs. S. E. Red, in the face. The negroes
then cutcred the house, as though it was
a fortress taken at the point of the bayo
net. That they at first intended killing
Mr. Red, there can be doubt, but when
they found him wounded, they contented
themselves with disarming him, threaten
ing him wfth instaut death if ho did not
give up his pistol. After they had
secured this, they left tho premises with
out bestowing any attention upon cither
the dead or the wounded. They returned
to the plantation of Mr. Paul F. Ham
mond, from whence they had come, and
remaining thero armed, sot the law and its
officers at defiance. Mr. Low was found
RIDDLED WITH BULLETS
—litterally riddled. Tho outlaws had fired
the volley when thoy wero within a very
short distance of him, and most ot the
balls had taken effeot in his arms and body.
Tho surgeon who examined the wounds
at the Coroner’s inquest, held the next
morning, found more than fifty balls in his
person, and of this number, no less than
seven had pieroed tho poor man’s heart.
Tho stomach, and other portions of the
body, were frightfully mutillated and man
gled by the shot. The Coroner’s jury re
turned a verdict ia accordance with the
facts of the case, and tho nearest magis
trate was applied to and a warrant issued
by him for the arrest of the murderers.
But the negroes had no idea of being ar
rested, and, as we have said before,
HAD SET Till! LAW AT DEFIANCE.
Learning they had not fled, but still re
mained at their homes, a deputy sheriff
went to Mr. Hammond’s plantation on
Sunday morning for the purpose of ar
resting them. The negroes were found
there still armed, and while they offered
no violence (o the officers, they refused to
be arrested, and said they would hold
their position to the last. Seeing that
they meant to keep their word, and that a
conflict with them would be useless, tho
officer retired. On yesterday morning he
paid them another visit. They still de
clined to be arrested, but said that they
would go to Aiken on Tuesday (tc-day)
and stand a trial. Several of tho
RINGLEADERS ESCAPED,
and carried their gnus with them. They
are all at large, and will desperately resist
any attempt at capture. One of them,
however, wo are glad to say, has been
bagged, and is now in the jail of Augusta.
On yesterday evening, abont six o’clock,
a gentleman who lives below the city, on
the road to Sand Bar Ferry, inform
ed the police that a man who was sup
posed to be one of the leaders in the at
tack had crossed the Savannah river at
Sand Bar Ferry, and was coming to the
city. A policeman and a county consta
ble were at once dispatched to the lower
portion of the city, and soon met the fu
gitive, arrested him, and brought him to
the City Hall. The prisoner freely ad
mitted that he was one of the party who
went to Red’s house, but deuies that he
fired himself, and says that he advised the
others not to fire. The following is
His STORY :
He gives his name as Owen S. W. Smith,
and says that ho came from North Caro
lina sometime ago. He has been residing
on Mr. Hammond’s plantation, and teach
ing a small privato school, lie says that
early Saturday evening Messrs. Red and
Ltw visited the house of a negro, whom
they accused of stealing, and threatened
to kill him, putting their revolvers to his
head, and only sparing his life at the earn
est solicitations of the colored women on
the premises. Soon afterwards, the negro
made his escape out of a back window,
and Messrs- Red and Low returned to the
house of the former. In the meantime,
the negro went to the quarters and
told how he had been treated, and a
scheme of revenge was agreed upon.
Smith says that he advised them not
to shoot any one, bat be also look a
gun and went along with the party. His
account of the killing corresponds with
what we have above written, except that
he says Mr. Red would have also been
killed had he not interceded for him,
influenced by a kindness which the former
had done him. Smith "was arrested as a
fugitive from justice, and has been lodged
in jail for thirty days, to await a requisi
tion from the Governor of South Carolina.
It is believed that others of the gang
will be hunte<| down and arrested.
A young lady at Winterset, lowa, has
made a quilt composed of 6,000 pieces.
The girls of Gordon, Connecticut, have
organized a boat elnb, and already make
good time at the oar.
Massachusetts statistics proclaim that
eleven white girls married colored men in
Boston last year.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 12, 1871.
Tlie “ New Departure.”
Editors Chronicle Jb Sentinel:
There is a significant meaning in the
above word?. They bear no idle import.
Upon them hang the future weal or woe of
this our American Government. This last
may seem too strong an expression- But
iet ns see;
Now what is meant by this phrase, “new
departure” ? I will endeavor to define.
The Democratic party, for tho past half
century or more, have adhered to certain
clearly defined and well established prin
ciples of constitutional law ; and any de
parture, however trivial, from the letter
or spirit of the Federal Constitution, was
looked upon as an unwarranted departure
from the principles aud long established
theories of the Federal Union.
It was this adherence to the Constitu
tion in its recognition and protection of the
institution of slavery, that reunited the
party, North and South, on this and other
leading issues prior to, aud up to the date
of, the Presidential contest of 1860.
Just at this point in the history of the
party and the couutry, there arose a dif
ference of opinion among some of the lead
ing men of tho two .sections of the country
upon some nitre abstract questions of
State policy and State rights—a majority
of the Southern wing, with their extreme
views and feelings, taking counsel rather
of their passions than of their reasons,
precipitated tho secession of eleven of
the Southern States.
This act changed, .not only the theory
of our Federal Union, but its status physi
cally, politically and socially.
The political power of the Government
weakened (if not both letter and spirit of.
the Constitution set at defiance), with the
Democratic party of the North in a hope
less minority, there seemed to be hut one
alternative left to them, as Judge Douglas
said, and that was to lay aside all more
party differences of tho past, aDd unite
with their late political enemy for the one
grand purpose of restoring the Union and
preserving intact the States as the only
bond of security lor the perpetuity of our
Federative form of government ou this
Continent.
Whether Judge Douglas was correct in
this view of the question, we will not stop
here now to discus?. That anew political
departure had been forced upon them,
must be admitted.
For a time the Constitution was rolled
together as a seroil and laid upon the
shelf, and then followed ’four years of
bloody war, which swept away in its
.mighty de'uge the landmarks of old
political theories and institutions ; but on
its restoration it became necessary, ap
parently, to establish new bearings, aod to
take new recoDings under the charged
condition of things.
The Democraiie parly failing, however,
to sac or to recognize the impossibility of
re-establishing the old landmarks which
the inundations of civil war had obliter
ated, until the debris was removed, did, in
their National Convention of 1868, re
assert and reaffirm the time-honored doc
trines of the party, without reference to
the change which time aud circumstances
had produced, and, with able standard
bearers, went into tho Presidential contest
.of that year and were defeated. Nor was
this unforeseen, but prcdictod by Mr.
Stephens and a few other far-seeing minds,
who recognized tho political changes which
four years of civil war had produced, but
who went into the contest rather from a
pride of consistency than from any hopeot
success.
The Convention not only reasserted its
faith and confidence in' tho old theories
and doctrines of the party beforo the war,
but refused to recognize any necessity for
a change of formula or praet ir?, and hence
denounced, in decided but respeetful term?,
the Congressional reconstruction acts, pre
termitting, at the same .time, aDy expres
sion of opinion on the Fourteenth aud
proposed Fifteenth Amendments to the
Constitution.
It was this failure to reeognizo thie
changed condition of- things, and the un
mistakable events of history, that caused
our defeat in the last Presidential eleotion.
The writer was frauk to acknowledge this
fact, and months before Mr. Vallandigham ■
announced his doctrines of tho “ new de
parture,” he, in his address to the voters
of the Fifth Congressional Distriet of
Georgia, published in the issue of the
Chronicle & Sentinel of October 26th,
1870. held this language.
Secondly. I accept the situation, if I
am permitted to use this term ‘accept’ a;.'
synonymous with that of ‘acquiesce,’ and
which simply implies a recognition of the
Federal laws and amended Constitution, so
far as our obedience to these laws and
amendments form a part of the civil gov- ■
ernmont of these States, and to which we
are bound as declaratory laws, * * *
and to which assent is yielded rather as a
necessity than as a choice.
******
“The Thirteenth Article having de
stroyed slavery, the Fourteenth having
fixed upon the freediueu the status of citi
zenship, and brought every law under the
immediate supervision of Congress, and
the Fifteenth having withdrawn from the
States the power to discriminate between
electors, it’follows, therefore, as to lights
before the law, and at the polls, there can
be no discrimination now made on account
of race, color or previous condition. * *
“I cannot wholly ignore the fact, too,
that there are those within our State, and
in whose judgment and statesmanship I
liave great confidence, and whose opinions
are entitled to grave consideration, who
hold that the fourteenth and fifteenth
amendments to the Constitution, or so
called amendments, are utterly null and
void, and should be warred against until
so declared and held to he by the popular
voice of tho American people, and the
judicial tribunals of the land. This may
(?) be the wiser policy. Bat let me ask,
wliai have we gained in the past pf our
opposition to these Radical measures ? Are
they notin fact, to all intent and purpose,
the supreme law of the land to-day as much
so as any other clause of the Constitution ?
Are not the Courts and people bound by
their provisions? If so—aud who will
deuy it—are they not then the lvj> of the
land, and- binding upon all alike ? It is true,
the Democratic party cannot be held re
sponsible for the odious discriminations in
these amendments and fundamental con
ditions; and yet they are, in the face of
these unmistakable facta, the rule of onr
action as much so as any other clause of
the Constitution or law of Congress.
They come to vs in the form of law and as
such they cannot he ignored. And are we
Dot bound to obey them and to faithfully
execute them in whatever official capacity
we are called upon to act i Could any
man, not believing in their binding force,
safely. take the oath required of him as a
member of Congress, or as a civil officer
iu anv capacity under the Government?
I may not like these new amendments
aud ‘fundamental conditions' —as Ido not
—but does this dislike absolve me from a
strict obedience to the law and the Con
stitution? Is it any part of a good and
law-abiding citizen to refuse to recogmze
and obey a law because he may regai J,
(and that very correctly, too.) snch law
unconstitutional and oppressive?
“Whether these amendments to the Con
stitution be regarded as explanatory or
declaratory, it is clear that the political
status of our country, as well as its prac
tical workings, liave been materially
changed thereby, and now require a change
of our political formula in order to meet
this changed condition of things,"
4. -ft * * * * *
“ What, then, is onr duty ? I pat this
interrogatory te the Democratic party of
the nation. . Is it not to expound and exe
cute the law as we find it ? Nor need we
note question the manner of its adoption.
It is' enough, in our present condition,
that we find such laws upon the statute
book. We are bound by them until they
are repealed. They must now form the
rule of our action despite the objections
we may urge to them. Nor can we secure
their lull benefits, if they possess any, by
an exereise of an unreasonable prejudice
or a snail-like pace, whiph refuses to keep
up with unmistakable change, and the
positive facts of history which cluster all
around us. We cannot secure of what
ever good they may possess by an
unyielding adherence to old standards and
old foimulas of thought and opinion.
These are among the past, and cannot be
utilized for the present at least. We must
rise to the necessities and the availibilities
of the present occasion, and in a liberal
sail it of political fraternization, use, and
not abuse, the materials of success at our
command."
Time has passed, and 1 find no occasion
for recanting the above sentiments and
opinions, while the march of events have
worked a wonderful revolution in the
minds of a large body of the leading and
representative men of the Democratic
party of the country, and among the at ore
bold and influential was that of the lata
and lamented C. L. Vallandigham, of
Ohio, who announced, in a public speech
iu the town of Dayton, Ohio, in April
last, the necessity of the Democratic party
accepting the amendments to the Consti
tution.
Asa representative map, and a leaping
member of the Democratic party, there is
both weight and sigmfisanac in his accept
ance and enauciation of these ikots ai this
time. It is, indeed, an uuthoriiativfc enun
ciation of a “new departure” of the
Democratic party of the nation. Coming
from the source it does, it falls l.ke a
thander-clap upon the country, and both
Democrats aDd Repullicans stands rghast
at the mighty avalanche of popular senti
ment which this departure, from tlie old
formulas of thought and opinion, portend.
Nor is this au acceptance of choice, but
of necessity. Suceiss is potential. It is
power. It is influence. And we canuot
now afford to barter our chances of suc
cess by a stolid indifference, or factious op
position to laws that must and will govern
us and the country until repta!ed by and
through {Constitutional authority.
Wh:d, then, shall we do? There is but
one oeur.se for the Democratic party to
pursue—but one road through which it
can reach buccess in the Presidential con
test of 1872. We must accept of the "new
J.partvre," or defeat and disaster are in
evitable.”
I know General Toombs, Judge Ste
phens, and a few other influential men of
Georgia, deny the truth of this assertion ;
but they have failed, so far as I have seen,
to establish the contrary by ihe production
of either faqfs or argument. They have
denounced it, it is true, in a.ost bitter in
vectives .and superfluous ’Adjectives, and
may denounce me, but these have riot, nor
will they establish tho negative of the pre
position. Our purpasc is, t® simply ap
peal to the power of reason, and not to
passion, and all we ask is that every uian
shall surrender his actions in the nobler
influences of tho former, rather thau the
latter, when tho hour-for attiou shall
come.
The Northern wing of the Democratic
party have tacitly admitted the nccess'ly
of the “new departure,” and if tie South
ern wing fail or refuse to “acquires” and
co-operate with their Northern brethren
it the next Presidential cun test, amply on
the score of their rejection of tho bind
ing force of the 44th and 15th nnieidments
to the Constitution, their defeat is our
doom,and a centralized despotism will per
manently take the place of our onee peace
ful, prosperous and happy Republic,
Every opponent of Radical llepullioan
ism must admit that there is but one. hope
for the future weal ol our couutry, and
that is through the success of the Demo
cratic party in the next Presidentiil elec
tion. It is alone with this parly in power
that we can hope or expect to repeal the
odious and discriminating laws, and un
constitutional measures enacted by the
Republican party for the past teD years of
their rule and ruin. The acceptance of the
14th and 15th amendments to tho Consti
tution is but a compromise alter alt,
as were tho9C ,of 1820, on the admission
of Missouri into the Union, anil 1850 on
the territorial restrictions. The South
surrendered then a portion of what she
claimed to be ber rights, for the sake of
harmony and success. Can we not, and
shall we not, do the same now ?
I am mo9fc happy to fiote, just here, that
Hon. Alexander H. Stephens, in a late
number of his paper, the Atlanta Sun,
while denouncing these amendments to
the Constitution as “nullities and not
laws Je jure, yet having the form of laws,
they were to be obeyed so long as they
were held to be so by those in authority
(italics ours), clothed with power to exe
cute them.”
This is all we ask. But the present is
not propitious of “ arousing the masses of
tho people everywhere,” or any where,
“and to rally them to the polls, that they
might there give their public condemna
tion, both upon them and their authors.”
Men may talk of “revolution”—“an
other war ’’—but this is simply impolitic,
injudicious and absurd. It is monstrous!
Let those who talk of war first count the
cost. Has the past not brought with it
its lessons of wisdom? JThen away with
your "bluster" ,of “ another war.” It
isallbjsh, C. P. Culver.
More Uailroatl Stratesy-
We find the following In the Mont
gomery Advertiser, of Thursday;
Montgomery and Eufaula Road. —'At
the annual meeting of the stockholders of
the above named road, held at noon yes
terday in this city, the stock owned by
Eufaula, Union Springs and Montgomery
was represented respectively by the
Mayors of the cities named and other
gentlemen, whose names we Lave not on
Land. The rest of the stock was largely
represented by-delegates from the country
all along tlie line of tlie road. Tho chief
business of the meeting was to consider
and act upon the contract lately entered
into in New York by Colonel Lewis.O en
for the company, and Messrs. Opdyke &
Hazelbnrst for themselves and other
capitalists of New York, the terms.of
which were substantially as follows:
1. Tlie Company assigns to Messrs.
Opdyke & Co.,'parties of the second part,
ail the assets and a majority of the stock
of the road (about $550,000 worth) with
out reserve.
2. Messrs. Opdyke & Cos. agree to fur-'
nisli $680,000 in cash, which sum it is
thought will be aniplv suflicient to pay off
all outstanding liabilities and complete
the road to Eufaula.
On motion of Captain Fowler, ably sec
onded and supported by J." W. L. Daniel,
and one of the Directors, this contract
was unanimously ratified.
Although not stated in so many words
in the above article, it is understood that
the sale is virtually to the Macon and
Brunswick Railroad—Mr. Opdyke being
one of the largest New York stockholders
in that road, and Mr. Haz'chuist its
President, If wo arc not mistaken, the
road from Montgomery to Eufaula is well
on the way to completion, there being
only nineteen miles to finish. With a
western connection via Montgomery and
the North and South Road, direct to Louis
ville, much of the Southwestern Georgia
provision business now done oyer the
Western and Atlantic and Maoon and
Western Roads will very possibly be di-'
verted to the lormer route—provided, of
course, the Macuu and Brunswick Road
secures a connection from Eufaufo with
some point on that road. A friend at our
elbow suggests Ilawkiusville, as there was
a charter—with State aid—granted at the
last session of the Legislature for a road
from Hawkinsfille to Eufaula.— Macon
Telegraph.
The Arrest of Generals Rnssel
ami Courbet.
[From the Paris O auto is,]
On Wednesday -the Commissary of
Police for the Quartier Saint Victor re
ceived information that the ex-General of
the Commune. Rosiel, was in concealment
at tho Hotel Montebelle, upon the Boule
vard St, Germain. The Commissary pro
ceeded to the hotel, and, upon searching
the place, found in a room on the tfiird
floor a person dressed in the uniform of j
the Western Railway service. Upon be
ing questioned, this person stated that his
Dame was Tnobois ; that he was an en
gineer living at Motjt, but had been sum
mered to Pari i by the railway managers
on accoant ol the pressure of traffic on the
line. “Are you sure of that V” asked the
Commissary, ‘‘ParbJeo.” “Well, in the
name of the law, I arrest you. Von are
Roesel.” “1? Not at all,” The prison
er was taken to Prefecture do Police,
established at the Bn racks of the Cite,
and thence in a boat to the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, where tbe headquarters
of the municipal police arc established.
During the whole of the journey thither,
being closely pressed with questions by the
Commissary, the pretended Tirobois con
tinued his defia.'*.
Upon being further interrogated at the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, he replied;
“ I have told vou all I know about my
self. po not v me any more.” Tirc
bois was then 00.-d to the Ministrv of
War, where be w'aa cobfrQntcJ with a
number of persons who were detained in
custody. Some of these declared that he
was Rossel, but others* tbe majority, de
nied that be was tbe Communist ex Gen
eral. About 10 o’clock at night the
prisoner was questioned as to his history.
When the customary question, “What
is the name of your mother,” was put,
he became confused ; turned red, and
suddenly springing up, ejelaimed, “ Why
carry on this pretense any longer 1 Os
what good is this acting and these lies ?
Yes, I am Col. Rossel.” After this
avowal the prisoner was removed under
escort to the depot of the Prefecture-
Upon being searched there was found
225f- in notes, a political article, and a
longitudinal section, of different public
monuments in Paris. The next day he
was taken to Versailles, and lodged at the
Grande Henries. Bus real description is
Louis Nathaniel Rossel, born at St. Brieuc
(Cote de Nord), September 'Jth, 1844, of
Louis and of Sarah Campbell. The artist
Courbet was captured at the house of one
of his friends, a piano-forte maker, in Rue
St. Gilles. He was concealed behind a
bedstead, and, upon being threatened
with a revolver, gave himself up without
attempting resistance.
AUGUSTA, GA.
THE JOURNAL OF COMMERCE COM
MISSIONER AT THE SOUTH.
LEITER NO. 13.
Correspondence of Journal of Commerce.
Augusta, G a., June 22—The city of
Augusta is part of an oval basio, surround
ed on all-sides by the high hills id this part
of Georgia and South Caiolina. It occu
pies the laige part of the basin terminating
where the Savannah river divides it, and
throws a r.mill omd into South Carolina,
forming in that State a site for the town of
Hamburg and its a Ijacent plantations. A
number of the merchants of Augusta live
on tho hills about tho eity in houses built
with an especial view to good ventilation,
and to utilize every breeze irom every
quarter. Tne wiuteis being mild and the
summers warm and of long duration,
houses.in a i portions of the South are
built in such manner as to provide for
shelter {'torn the sun and a good cuirent ot
air. The light, airy structures are cooler
in the hott.st days of summer than the
more substantial houses in our Northern
cities. It is not the heat of a day or a
week or. a rnnoth that enervates the resi
dent of the Southern States, but it is the
long-continued summer atid the necessity
of working all the time, from May to
August, to keep the ootton clear of weeds
and gras-, and from September to Jan
uary in getting in the crop and'preparing
it for market.
The city of August* w»3 established
about fifty* years ago. it lias grown
steadily but slowly, until now it is an im
portant centre for the reception, manufac
ture and forwarding of cotto’' and other
productions nlThe region of country tribu
tary to it. It eontaius about-20,000 in
habitants, some 9,000 of whom are col
ored. Its cotton warehouses are large,
solid and commodious, occupy mg a com
pact space of about a quarter ot a mile
along' the river front, with extensions from
each cross street, reaching into the heart
of the city. The merchants here are, almost
without exception, industrious and nter
prislng, intimately connected with busi
ness housos in New York and Liverpool,
and reeeive daily and hoiHy exchanges of
markets by telegraph from both those
points. They ate found at tneir places of
business from early in tho morning till late
in'the evening.
The private residences are always largo
and comfortable. Each house has a flower
or vegetable garden connected with it,
aud frequently the grounds aro extended
so a3 to enclose peach, apple and plum
orohar is. This system has tho effect of
making vegetables and trails very cheap-
Vegetables sell at nominal prices, aud the
peach crop is so heavy tips year that many
persons have turned the hogs into the
orchards in order to use up the fruit. The
streets are wide and will shaded by rows
of large trees on each side and two rows
up the centre, which form three arched
carriage and foot-ways in addition to the
sidewalks.
COMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL CONDITION.
During the war Augusta was the chief
manufacturing city of this section. Her
cloth factory and powder mill brought an
immense amount of capital here, such as
it was, but many of her citizens utilized
the Confederate money by investing it in
real estate and building houses and mills.
When the war ended tho city was spared
from the ravages of General Sherman’s
forces, and the people immediately com
menced the work of renewing commercial
relations with ibo centres of trade. The
receipts and shipments of cotton have
steadily and rapidly increased since that
time, and tlie receipts for this year show.a
still larger increase than any of the pre
ceding reports.
The assets of tho city amount to sl,-
300,000, not including tho which
oost something like SOOO,OOO, and includ
ing about $600,000 in valuable prompt
paying bonds and stocks. The bonded
debt of the eity amounts to $1,350,000.
Tho assessed value of real estato is $6,-
693,000- The rate of taxation is two per
cent. The citizens are hopeful and buoy
ant in spirits, pay their taxes cheerfully,
and seemed determined to develop their
magnificent water power.
THE MATERIAL RESOURCES AND PROSPECTS
OF AUGUSTA.
The Mayor, one of the editors of the
Chronicle & Sentinel, and some of the
merchants of Augusta, notified your Com
missioner that he must prepare for a day’s
excursion among the factories and along
the canal. Accordingly, at the appointed
time, carriages conveyed us to the head of
the.canal, where a pleasure boat drawn by
a .Horse awaited u?. Plenty of refresh
ments wore provided, and we had a good
time generally.
THE WATER POWER.
Some s?ears ago tho people of Auguofa
oonoeivod the plan of turning to account
the great viator power furnished by the
Savannah river. They built a email dam
and a small canal, which turned part of
the channel of Savannah river to a
direction whero' it might bo used for
manufacturing purposes. . Tho fall of
water so fat made use of is 28 feet. Rut
m course of time manufactories and mills
of various kinds were croeted along the
canal, till uow, owing to a division of the
force caused by making two falls of 14
feet c-aoh, instead of one 28 feet, and the
narrow and shallow condition of the canal,
all the water power made available is now
in use- But the natural relative eleva
tion of'tho bank and th.e river make it a
comparatively easy matter to turn the
whole current of the Savannah river to
account
The city authorities are now making
surveys and taking stops to widen and
deepen the canal to a width of one hun
dred and fifty and a depth of fifteen feet,
so as to utilize tho whole volume of water,
and furnish power for all who desire it-
Experts say the volume of water is suffi
cient to give force, aided by the proposed
improvements, enough to run one hun
dred and fifty thousand spindles and &11
the fl curing mills that can get a footing
along the canal. Our party was quite en
thusiastic in discussing the matter. The
first completed object of interest we reach
ed was
THE AUGUSTA COTTON FACTORY.
This is probably the greatest manufac
turing enterprise in the South. The mills
are very large structures', and would be so
I considered in any New England manufao
turing town. They were first established
many years ago, but under inefficient
management lost ground in importance,
until finr’ly about eleven years ago the
joirjt stock company now owning them
bought them, with all the property con
nected with them, for a mere sopg com
pared with their actual value. The com
pany went on under the management Mr,
fui, E. Jackson, and soon commenced to
pay large dividends. Up to the commence
ment of the war they had made large
sums of money and divided it. When the
war broke out cotton became cheap, owing
to the difficulty of exporting it, and the
demand for goods manufactured here grew
so great that the mill was always worked
to its capacity. The dividends soon
reached about 20 per cent, a month, then
ix ;e to an average of 100 to 150 per cent,
a month, and during the last year xf the
war the dividend amounted- to apout
4,000 per cent, per annum on the capital
stock, in Confederate money. Added to
to these successes, the Superintendent of
the works expended large sun s in new
hujldmgs, built a small towu of brick
dwellings for operatives, kept a large stock
of cotton and other property on hand,
and when the war ended the assets of the
company were in valuable property in
stead of Confederate money.
The stockholders, 100, as a general
• thing, were fortunate enough to have in
vested considerable Confederate money in
real" estate and other valuable property.
So we find this great concern at the end
of the war in a flourishing condition,
wealthy, 'and ready to continue making
money the same as if no war had taken
place Then they went on, employing an
average number of SQQ Lands, working
uOO idoms and lq.QQb spindles, dividing cm
a capital stock of $600,000 (about twice as
large as is necessary) from 20 to 25 per
cent, profits beyond the large amounts
carried to the surplus fund. See this ex
hibit of manufactures fur the year ending
June 11, 1870:
Pounds. Pieces. Yards.
4.4 .1 475,841 112,946 4,464,653
Jo "... *653,535 50,520 1,995,157
6-4256,071 29,920 1,215,576
LVriUs 164,855 14,101 540,793
2,472,302 207,487 8,222,181
This falls short of the showing for 1871.
The diyidend for the past year has been
about 25 per cent. . .
The laboreas are all white, and princi
pally natives of Augusta. The company
has 40 acres of ground, upon which the
factory buildings and houses of operatives
are situated. The operatives pay no rent,
but their families are allowed the use of
the dwellings owned by the company. The
♦Note.— Augusta was founded under
the auspices of Oglethorpe in 1735. The
Chronicle was established 1794.—Edi
tor! a & S.
i boys and girls arc raised up in tha factory
alongside their lathers and mothers, and
when crown to a certain age receive full
pay. The wages oflaborers are about the
same Lore as in Massachusetts, but prob
ably a little less. Surrounding the Au
gusta factory are several
FLOUR MILLS AND IRON FOUNDRIES.
Pome of tho flour mills are worked by
steam, or partly so, as the demand for
flour is greater than the present permitted
oapacity of water will enable the millers
to supply. (Joe miller, Mr. Clark, is now
endeavoring to obtain permission to in
crease his productive capacity some forty
horse power more thau he is allowed by
law. The foundries aro well patronized,
but seem to do mostly heavy work or re
pairing. There are also some tobacco
manufaotorios in operation. Tho next
thing is
THE GREAT POWDER MAGAZINE AND FAC
TORY
of the ex-Uonfederaey. This is said to be
the larccst powder works in the world, ex
eept one in Russia. It extends along the
canal, under aud above ground, perhaps a
quarter of a mile, Each large brick build
ing is connected with others by a light
frame house, so that in ease of explosion
only part of the coneern can be Wiiwd up
During the war an explosion took place
and blew up one of these frame buildings
without effecting the others. Fmall pieces
ot five men who had been working there
are said to have been picked up in another
county in tho State of Georgia. Jt is cer
tain that five men who were at work in
the building have never been heard of
since the explosion. When tho war ended,
tho Government took charge of the powder
factory, and now use it for the storage of
fixed ammunition.
The citizens of Augusta would like to
sec this splendid row of buildings made
available for' uses of busines?. A large
amount of fine machinery, wliieh could be
employed to turn flour mills or cotton
factories, is lying idls under g.ound,
where it gets a chance at the lull swoop of
the water power. The Government could
do better by selling it and the buildingti
than by keeping them for the purpo3o of
storing a little ammunition.
THE GRANITEVILLE OOTTON FACTORY.
The village and factory of Graniteville
was established by William Gregg, ILq.,
the pioneer of cotton manufacturing at the
South, who, as President of the company,
managed its affairs so successfully that it
was one of the very few mills at the South,
in that early day of cotton manufacture,
which proved a pecuniary success, and in
every way a good investment to the origi
nal stockholders. • Situated in the country,
twelve miles from Augusta, it was so far
removed from headquarters as to render
the management constantly liable to exac
tions of every kind from quartermasters
and conscript officers. Consequently they
camo out of the war much crippled in re
sources, and with their machinery com
pletely used up. Their oapital, by vote of
the shareholders, had been watered from
$460,000 to $716,000 by an issuo of scrip
in lieu of a dividend, and the amount so.
reserved invested in cotton, with the in
tention of holding it until peace should be
declared.
During the progress of Sherman in his
march from . Atlanta, in spite of the pro
tests of tLc President and Treasurer, 1,600
bales of the ootton were sold and the sum
realized in the shape of dividends. Not
withstanding this unsatisfactory condition
•ofaffairs at the eud of the war, immediate
stops were taken to reiiew tho machinery
anil increase the capacity from 337 to 577
looms. The repairs and additions were
completed in tho spring of 1868, leaving
the mill with only $6,600 of commercial
capital, but with a productive oapacily
which had boeu increased from 80,000 to
186,000 yards of cotton cloth per week.
The company was obliged then to ship
three-fourths of the run of tho faotory to
New York to secure a credit upon which
to do business, hut they kept progressing
till I find by the report of the President
and Treasurer, for the year ending Feb
ruary 28, 1871, that the profits far tho last
year amounted to the handsome sum of
$290,505 83. By deduoting dividends,
&3., from that amount, the eompany had
left on the date mentioned a clear opera
tive capital of $187,631 48. Tho produc
tions wero as follows; •
Lbs. Pleef»-\ Yards.
4 4dhceting £5,<30 5,4H,076
7-8 shirting.. 771,903 G 7 3«8 S.'iW.OaO
7-8 drilling 412, .SO 514 1,‘*’1.419
8 4 flhiitintr 338,0,0 38.4G8 1 SG’,3QO
Total production 2.70.', 117 221,080 1954 875
The Augusta Factory, which came out
of the war with a large reserve fund and
with their mills in splendid condition, has
paid since 1865, as before stated, 20 to 25
per cent, annual dividends. Stimulated
by the large profits of the business, efforts
arc made to organize a company to build
a mill of 1,000 looms (much larger than
either of the other ooneqrns), to run od
sheetings and drills. The water power
hero is one ot the best in the South, and
the surveys are now in progress and ar
rangements being perfected to inorease at
once the water toree to 8,000 horse power.
Labor is abundant, but money is soaroe
and commands high rates of interest. The
regular bank rates on 80 day paper,
secured by collaterals, is 13 per cent, dis
count, and good commercial paper sub
mits to a shave of If per cent. a month.
With such a scarcity of money capitalists
here cannot be induced to invest heavily
in anything likely to be non-productive for
a year or more, however large the pro
spective profits. Planters have their funds
in agriculture, and caunot tako them out.
Consequently the on(y dependence is on
the money centres of the North, and they
must develop the magnificent resources of
this scotion, since facts and figures have
proved that men have so far mastered the
business of cotton manufacture as to make
it a success, and only lack capital to en
able them to build a second Lowell at
Augusta.
Many gentlomen prominently connected
with the Graniteville and Augusta facto
ries are interested in tho new enterprise,
called the Oglethorpe Manufacturing
Company, and have seoured subscriptions
in Augusta to the amount of $200,000.
I think those facts show that cotton
may be successfully manufactured in the
South. When wo look at the favorable
circumstances presented in this scotion, it
becomes a matter of wonder that there
arc not more cotton manufactories in the
South—that they fio tl'ff spring up in
every quarter ot these States. Cotton is
raised beside immense water powers, and
shipped to the North and to liuropo for
manufacture. The is no reason, excopt
the lack of capital and enterprise, why
the bales of oottou we sec in the ware
houses ready for shipment should not at
least be made into yarn, and shipped after
the two profits of raising and spinning it
shall have been realized, instead of a single
profit, as heretofore. But it has been
proved that there is every reason in favor
of going farther than that, and making
it up into sheetings, shirtings and drills.
Then the oust of shipment to an always
rcady market is greatly reduced, because
the bulk is made much less.
Dqring the discussion on the last tariff
bill in tne House of Representatives I
remember a speech of Hon. O. W. Ruuk'-
ley, of Alabama wherein he brought out
all the points eoDDeuted with the enter
prise of introducing cotton manulaoturos
in Alabama, lie sp.. ke before the Com
mittee of Ways and Means, and the com
mittee agreed to allow tbo free importa
tion for one year, for an experiment, of a
class of English machinery used for the
manufacture of fine yarn. But the ma
chinery manufacturers of' Boston and
Philadelphia went to Washington and
killed the proposition before it got out of
committee, and it has never been heard
of since. It is a matter of regret that the
amendment failed, for the experiment
would probably have been highly success
ful.
RAILROAD ENTERPRISES.
There seems to be a well grounded im
pression in South Carolina and Georgia
that two powerful railroad corporations
in the North (the Pennsylvania Central
and Baltimore aud Ohio) are contending
for the control of the railroad system ot
the Southern States. One lias already
gained a strong foothold in Virginia,
North Carolina and South Carolina, while
the other is poshing forward in Virginia
and North Carolina, and appears to have
reached, in complete condition, Danville,
Virginia. . It will probably continue to
stretch its arms till it will touch otateville,
Charlottesville and Oolumbia, S. C.
The work on what is called the State
ville Railroad is now nearly completed to
Charlotte, N. C., and requires only the
aid of money or credit and confidence to
insure the completion of this important
link in OLe of the great rival lines. At
present this link seems to be embarrassed
with Us bonded debt, and the first mort
gage bondholders are suingin the United
States Court for foreclosure. But it is
fair to assume that even in the probable
change of ownership of the property, the
progress of the work will not be retarded
for any great length of time.
THE TELEGRAPH.
For several years past there have been
spasmodic efforts on the part of enterpris
ing men here to secure an independent
NEW SERIES—VOL. XXIV. NO. 28.
opposition to the Western Union Tele
graph Company’s line in tho South. The
parties now engaged in it are evidently
determined to carry it through. I met a
contractor on the cars between Columbia
and Augusta, who was making the trip for
tho purpose of noting the places where
tlie best poles could ho cut. lie expected
to proceed with tlie work in a short time.
ror.mcs in AuarsT.v
When we talk of politics in Augusta we
talk of a one-sided subject. The city is
largely Democratic. Tlie city officers are
respected gentlemen, and tlie city govern
ment is carried on without a ripple of dis
I cord. The merchants—a numerous, re
sponsible aud intelligent class'—possess, in
a marked degree, advanced and practical
ideas. They do not want any more war;
they would ojrpose any attempt to re-es
tablish slavery or overturn the constitu
tional amendments. They are satisfied to
let tlie negroes vote, and they talk busi
ness insteau of politics. They say they
want Northern capital, Northern men and
their families, and are perfectly willing to
guarantee for them an entrance and hearty
welcome into any society their intelligence
ami general character fit them for. The
people here aro tlie generous, hos
pitable class, who invite an identified
stranger to their housos, aud the longer he
stays the better they like it; aud, as for
the matter of origin, it makes no differ
ence whether tho stranger is a native of
Massachusetts, South Carolina, or Cali
fornia —ho.is reoeived with tho same de
gree of cordiality. To illustrate-—I had
seven or eight invitations to dinner ou the
same day from gentlemen belonging to
some of the b-st lamilies of the oity—gen
tlemen whom I had never before seen, and
to whom I boro no introduction.
They laugh at the utterances of Mr.
Robert Toombs, as ropottad by the inter
viewers, and say ho does not reflect tho
sentiments of a thousand men in the State
of' Georgia. They say lie could not be
nominated by tho Democrats to Congress,
as has been suggested, even it bis politi
cal disabilities were removed, and ho should
spend thousands of dollars in the effort.
Tho people of Augusta are ready to take
anew departure with the Ohio Demoora
oy, or anything that will secure for them a
good State government, and bring peace
and prosperity. W. P. C.
Letter from Baltimore.
(.SPECIAL CORRESPONDENCE OP THE CHRON
ICLE A SENTINEL. 1
Baltimore, July 2, 1871.
Editors Chronicle if Sentinel:
Tho meioantile and legal fraternities
have been very ruuoh exorcised lately over
tho trial of Madison J. Marcus, of Au
gusta, for obtaining goods under false pre
tenses. You are already acquainted with
the issue of this trial. Mr. Marcus was
triumphantly acquitted. Judgo Linton
Stephens mado one of the most powerful
and eloquent spccohos of his life, and it is
many a day since such a sensation has boon
crcatod, in such a way, among tho lawyers
and merchants of Baltimore. I have heard
some members of tho bar declare that
Stephens’ speech was the best ever beard
in tho Criminal Court of this city. You
may well believe tbat the Georgians here
aro proud of their chain pion.
I paid a flying visit to Washington and
Georgetown, the other day. The Capitol,
down stairs, was topsy-tnrvey, under
going what its little great men in Con
gress are so food of putting upon us down
South—reconstruction. I elomb to the
top of the dome anil saw a horrible daub
on the ceiling within and without one of
the most magnificent landscapes ever
painted by the Great Artist of tlie Uni
verse. I won’t describe it. It must be
seen.
The Smithsonian Institute contains
many curiosities mid no visitor from the
Soiith should miss seeing it arid them.
Now that the negro Ku-lvliix havo
triumphed here, right under the nose of
Grant and his myrmidons, Eihiopia has it
pretty much as she pleases, either to sleep
on the cellar doors, oertam of free lunch
at Government expense, or else easy labor
and high wages. Still Washington steadily
improves, in a material wav, and is des
tined to be a considerable town, if not
shorn of her honors by Western supremacy
and a removal of tlie seat of Government.
I spent a few hours at Georgetown Col
lege. Few things have changed from tho
olden time, so far as nature is concerned,
but “the old familiar faoos" are nearly all
gone. I learned that there are many
Southern students, and that tho prevailing
sentiment is striqtly Democratic. Gen.
Tecumseb Sherman has a son there, and
Tecumsoh himself made a speech on com
mencement day, and distributed tho pre
miums. General Long Branch Grant was
invited to do the honor, but did not oomo
to time, or else preferred his partagas,
his horses and hia sea-bath.
Hon- Revcrdy Johnson is having a goed
deal of ridicule very justly poked at him.
He is, you know, a wonderful diner oat,
and a prodigious post-prandial twaddler.
Very reoently, at a railway celebration in
Pittsburg, he had tho bad taste to de
nounce the Pennsylvania Central lload,
and incidentally congratulate Pennsylva
nia, at the expense of the South, upon
never having had to endure the “ ourse
and blight of human slavery.” It .seems
that the Great' American Diner-out was a
slaveholder himself, when it paid to he so;
it appears, too, that Pennsylvania did
have slaves, white, black and red, when it
paid to have them. People ought not to
be surprised at anything said or done by
Reverdy Johns on. lie is a man of emi
nent ability, but stable in uothing. Who
can ever forget, in the South, how many
times he made most convincing speeches
against Reconstruction, and how often he
voted for the very measures he had proven
to bo infamou°. There comes a time when
extremely old men who value their repu
tation should be discreetly silent or else
discreetly eloquent. Ic is to be boped that
tho venerable Johnson will avoid becom
ing, after so remarkable a career, a foolish
driveller or a melancholy show.
Roundabout.
The Cost op Bull-Fights in Spain.—
Somo'iudustrijus and .ascetic statistician
has visited Spain and interested himself
in tho bull ring. Here are some of the
results of his researches:
In 1864 the numbor of places in all tho
taurine establishments of Spain was 609,-
283, of wliioh 246,813 belonged to the
cities, and 262,470 to tho couutry.
Id tho year 1864 there wore 427 bull
fights, of which 294 took place in the
cities, and 133 in the country towns. The
receipts of ninety-eight hull-rings in 1864
reached tho enormous sum of two hundred
and seventeen aud a half millions of reals
(nearly $11,000,0(40). The 427 bait-fights
which took place in Spain during the year
1864 earned the death of 8,989 of these
fine auimals, and about 7,473 horses—
something ruoira than half the number of
the oavalry of Spain. These wasted vic
tims could have plowed throe hundred
thousand hectares of land, which would
have produced a million and a half hec
tolitres of grain, worth eighty millions
reals ; all this without oonutieg tho cost
of the slaughtered cattle, worth say seven
or eight millions, at a moderate calcula
tion.
What rs a Carat?—The •carat is an
imaginary weight that expresses the fine
ness of gold, or the proportion of pure
gold in a mass of metal; thus, an ounee
of gold is divided into 24 carats, and gold
of 22 carats fine is gold of which 22 parts
oqt of 24 are pure, the other two parts
being silver, copper or other metal; the
weight of 4 grains, used by jewelers in
weighing precious stones aud pearls, is
sometimes called diamond weight—the
carat consisting of 4 nominal grains, a lit
tle lighter than 4 grains troy, or 74 116
carat grams being equal to 72 grains troy.
The term or weight carat derives its name
from a bean, the fruit of an Abyssinian
tree, called kuara. This bean, from the
time of its being gathered, varies very
little in its weight, and seems (ft have
been, from a very remote period, used as
a weight for gold in Africa. In India also
the bean is used as a weight for gems and
pearls.
A Chicago paper, now that the Ru-
Klux Committee Lave failed to find au
thority for the Kn-Klux stories by exam
ining witnesses, suggests that iP send for
the files of the l\ihune, where it will find
all the authority it wants.
A man has jnst been hauled out of the
swamps in North Carolina who went there
to avoid the draft in 1864, and until he
was discovered did not know the war was
over- ■ *-
We have heard of _but one old woman
who kissed her cow, but there are thou
sands of young ones who have kissed great
«tjvee.
The October Exhibition of the Cot
ton States’ Fair Association.—From tho
ail vanoe sheets of the Premium List of
the ooming annual exhibition of the Cot
ton States’ Fair Association, we publish
the following outline of the departments
as therein arranged:
Department A --Cereals, Field Crops ,Vr.
John U. Meyer, Superintendent.
Department I'..— Needle Work, Embroid
ery, &o'.~John M. Clark, Superinten
dent.
Department o.— Dairy, Household and
Malt Liquors—A. It. Wright, Super
intendent.
Department if—Manufactures other than
Domestic—W. Henry Warren, Super
intendent,.
Department A’.—Farming Implements and
Wagous—l. 11. Nelson, Superinten
dent.
Department F. —Machinery—W. 11. Good
rich and E. H, Kogees, Superinten
dents,
Department Q Chemicals, Jewelry, Mu
sical Instruments, &e.—l\ Walsh,
Superintendent.
Department ll. —Horticulture, Fruit- and
Wines—P. J. Berokmans, Superinten
dent.
Department Fine Arts—o. A. Platt,
Superintendent.
Department K. — Domestic Animals, ex
cept Horses—W. Pendleton, Superin
tendent.
Department L. —Horses—T. P. Stovall,
Superintendent,.
Department M. —Plowing and Miscella
neous—W. S. Roberts, Superinten
dent.
The Special Premiums offered by par
ties outside of the Association, bat to‘bo
competed for under tho rules and regula
tions of the managers, arc as follows:
DEPARTMENT A. —FIELD CROPS.
The J. 0. Mathewson prennum, SSOO in
currency.
The Pollard & Cos, premium, $450 in
currency.
The Wilcox, Gibbs & Cos, premium,
SI,OOO in currency. *
The Dickson Fertilizer Company pre
mium, SI,OOO in currency.
In Department D.— The Barton. Alexan
der & Waller •premium, SIOO in gold,
for tho best Double Shot Gun made
in Cotton States.
In Department if.—Premium offered by
W. F, Herring, for plau of County-
School House, $50.00 currency.
BJ- G. W, Conway— For the beat Gen
tleman Rider—Saddle and Bridle, vulue,
SOS,
For tho best, Lady Rider Saddle and
Bridle, value, SOS.
The list, with full explanations, will ho
ready lor distribution in a few days.
Should information on the subject be re
quired sooner.it can he obtained by up
plying to the Secretary.
From twelve to lifteeu thousand dolhtrs
will bo the cost of the 'premiums to he
distributed.
Another Bio Wbst»bn Farm.—Anoth
er Illinois farmer lias got himself into the
papers. It is M. L. Sullivan, of Living
ston county. His farm is eight miles
square,’ and contains 40,1)00 acres, sub
divided into 82 farms of 1,280 acres each.
There are 15,000 acres in cultivation, of
which 10,000 are planted in corn, the re
mainder being devoted to grazing, small
grains and grass. There are 250 miles of
hedge besides other fencing on tho place,
and 150 miles of ditches. Four hundred
horses aud mules and two hundred men
are employed—also, one surveyor, two
bookkeepers, four blacksmiths and eight
carpenters. An accurate account is kept
with each farm, aud with each man, horse
and mule—horses and mules being all
named or numbered, and charged with
amount paid for then, aud their food, and
credited with their labor. The whole of
this land was entered from the Govern
ment about twenty years sinco by its
present owner at $1 25 .per acre. The
farm at this time, with tho improvements
made upon it and personal property con
nected with it, is worth nhont $2,000,000.
Habit of Work.— ln “ Finding One’s
Occupation Goue,” intended apparently
to show tho impossibility of a man ac
tually retiring from all work, 1 find the
following:
“ Mr. Meagles, the ex-banker, in his
oharming retreat at Twickenham, had a
snug room overlooking tho town, which
was fitted up in part like a dressing room
and in part like an office, aud in which,
upon a kind ofoounterdesk, was a pair of
brass scales for weighing gold and a scoop
for shoveling out money. The hankering
aftor old occupations is everywhere to he
met with alter tho occupation’s gone.”
* * “ Mr. Diokous, on his homeward
passago from America, Imd for one of liis
fellow-passengers au English sailor, a
smart, thorough-built man-of-war’s man,
from his hat to his shoes, who was on his
way homo to sec his friends, and who,
when ho presented himself to take ami
pay for his passage, had beeu advised to
work it instead and save tho moi cy—a
suggestion ho scouted with scorn inrffti
ble, swearing, in seaman's style of itnpro
cation, that nothing should hinder bis go
ing as a gentleman. Ho they took bin
money. But no sooner was lie ahoaid
than he stowed his kit in tho forecastle,
arranged to mess with the crew, and the
very first time tho hands were fumed up,
he WGDt aloft like a cat befbro anybody.
And all through the passage there ho
was, first at tho braces, outmost on tho
yards, perpetually lending a hand every
where, but always with a sober dignity in
his manner, and a sobar grin on his luce,
which plainly said, ‘ldo it as a gen‘l.
man. For my own pleasure, mind you. ”
Heligoland—That Gobiiespondenob;—
A Western exchange thinks that the fol
lowing is about the substance of tho recent,
correspondence betwoen Bismarck and
Earl Granville on tho Heligoland ques
tion : •
Bismarck to Granville— My compli
ments. Germany desires to buy the island
of Heligoland, it. lies eloso to our coast,
and we need it. Yours and so forth.
Granville to Bismarck—My warmest re
gards. Great Britain does not wish to
sell Heligoland. We need it onrsolves. It
isn’t for sale- Yours very tmly.
Bismarck to Granville—Compliment* of
tho season. You don’t understand, me.
You must sell Heligoland. It is a Monaco
to our national satiety. Wo cannot, per
mit you to continue to own it. Nimu
your price at once, and no foolishness.
With expressions of the meat distinguish
ed eon..deration, I am, my dear sir, your
affectionate aud humble soivant.
Granville to Bismarck—Honored air: I
tell you it isn’t for sslo. The fact that you
covet it is of no importance to us. Hop
ing, etc., I am, ete.
Hon. Horace Oaj-ro.v, Commissioner of
Agriculture, recently tendered his resig
nation to the President, the same to take
effect on the Ist of August. Mr. Gay rob
resigns far the purpose of entering upon a,
contract with the Japanese Government
infuse certain American ideas relating to
agriculture, &e., into that country. Afr.
Capron will go to Japan bhortly after the
expiration of his term here, and is empow
ered to tako out with him all kinds o.i ma
chinery, agricultural and otherwise, and
lie will ho accompanied to Japan by a ge
ologist aud other scientific gentlemen, who
will all engage in the development of tho
resources of that couutry,
A Fwk Story. — The WilmingUw Star
has the following, which is somOthing of a
fish story for a small town ;
Tbo luckiest fishing parly that wo have
heard of this season in this or any other
locality went down to the Black-fish
Grounus yesterday, on the steamer Alpha,
fifteen gentlemen, luily equipped with
hooks and lines suitable for tho purpose,
comprised the party. They remained on
the grounds about five hours and caught
three thousand fine blackball, considered
by tho Jarge majority of our people tho
most delicious specimens of the finny tribe
caught in the waters of North Cuiolina.
Two of the fortunate followers of Isaclc
Walton (who would have gone into conta
cts over such luck as that cxporicnocd by
the party alluded to) succeeded nlona in
hooking three hundred and eighty of tho
lot. To one of the latter, who had more
than ho knew what to do with, we are in
debted for a oouple of fine bunches.
A lady in this oity says the latest thing
out is—her husband;