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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1866-1877 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 9, 1871)
Cijruaidc # Sentinel. IHK DKPOrULATIOX OF IKBIiAMI). The census of Ireland, taken by * com mission acting under and by the authority of the Government of the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, find* its way to the public through an official report. The statistics of this report, as we find them in the Sligo Champion, of the 24th of June, presents some startling figures,and point out an actual depopulation so great in so short a time that it would seem incredible, were not the report official, and the statistics of the report gathered under Government direction by the discipline of the Itoyal Constabulary force and Dublin Metropoli tan Polioe. The total population of Irelaod, on the 2d of April, 1871, as shown, numbered, 5,402,759 ; of this, 2,634,123 were males, and 2,768,636 were females, a proportion between the two sexes which we hardly expected, but a proportion which shows that whatever discrimination, as oompared with the past, the population may have suffered, the fortune has been shared equally. As oompared with the census of 3861, the figures show a decrease of 396,- 208 ; compared with that of 1851, a de crease of 1,171,519, and as compared with that of 1841—a period of only thirty years—a decrease of 2,793,838 ; or a de crease amounting to more than half the present population. It will be observed, however, that the ratio of decrease in population for the periods we have give is not progressive. It is smaller in the last decade than in the previous one. But there is another fact which should not be left out of view, and that is the annual natural increase. The commissioners as sume the annual increase of births over deaths to be within a fraction of one per cent., or exactly 92. But this natural increase is lost—does not appear in the census—so that the actual decrease is not 396,208, as stated, but this number, and all the increase of births over deaths are about 1,210,724. But let us see how Ireland appears, as shown in the Provincial Summary : The population of Leinster was : 1841, 1,982,169; 1851, 1,682,320; 1861, 1,457,- 635, and 1871, 1,335,966—a decrease sinoe 1841 of 646,203 ; sinoe 1861 of 121,669. The population of Munster : 1841, 2,- 404,460; 1851, 1,865,000; 1861, 1,513,-* 558 ; 1871, 1,390,402 deorease sinoe 1841, 1,014,058 ; 1861, 123,156. The population of Ulster : 1841, 2,389,- 263; 1851, 2,013,879; 1861, 1,914,236; 1871, 1,830,398. The deoiease sinoe 1841, 558,865; 1861,86,838. Tho population of Connaught: 1841, 1,420,706 ; 1851, 1,012,479; 1861, 913,- 135; 1871, 845,993. The deorease sinoe 1841, 574,718 ; 1861, 67,142. Ihu Ku-Klux investigating Committee. TREASURER ANOIER’S TESTIMONY. Washington, July 31, 1871. Cditors Chronicle & Sentinel: I send you further extracts from the sworn testimony of Treasurer Angier, pre sented to the Ku-Klux Investigating Com mittee at Washington, D. C., July 14th, 1871 : Question—Give us all the information you have relative to the granting of par dons by the Governor, the general issuing of proclamations, offeriag rewards, and the oost of these various things. Answer—l have here a statement of the pardons granted by the Governor. It is taken directly from the pardon book by Mr. Hemphill, who is the agent of the Associated Press at Atlanta, and the pro prietor of tho Constitution, a newspaper published there. It appears by this state ment (hat sinco August 2d, 1868, the Gov ernor has acted on four hundred and twenty-six applications for pardon. Os theso, throe hundred and twenty-one cases, involving threo hundred and forty-six of fenses, wero pardoned, as follows: Murders pardoned 48 Morders commuted 18 Simple larcenies pardoned 76 Other larcenies 14 Assaults with intent to murder 20 llurglaries iu the night 18 Burglaries in the day 18 Manslaughter 18 Assaults 20 Assaults with intent to commit rape.... 5 Homicide 1 Cheating and swindling 3 Stabbing 3 Horse stealing 7 Bigamy 3 Forgery A Perjury 3 Robbery 8 Fornication and adultery 7 Seduction 1 Incestuous adultery 1 Arson 0 Misdemeanor 9 Bastardy 4 Bape 4 Compound felony 1 As regards the finances of the State, it is impossible to give testimony precisely without putting it in figures on paper. I have prepared a statement in that form, complying, as 1 understand, with the in structions wliiob 1 reoeived from the cir cular of the Chairman of the Committee, Mr. Scott. In this statement I have tried to present as clearly as possible the de tails in regard to the management of the State finances, and the contrast between different periods. This statement I certify to l>e correct. The statement is as follows; 1857 Ordinary expenses of Goorgia.i $ 275,632 43 1858— Ordinary expenses of Georgia 304,637 59 1859 Ordinary expenses of Georgia 369,653 53 1860— Ordinary expenses of Georgia 325,600 00 Total ordinary expenses of Georgia lor four years im mediately proceeding tho war $1,275,523 55 1868— Less than six months ordinary expenses ot Geor gia $401,865 08 1869 Ono year ordinary ex penses of Georgia 848,298 23 1870— One year’s ordinary ex penses of Georgia 924,413 27 Total ordinary expenses of Georgia for less than two and a half years, by Gov. Bullock $2,174,576 55 Substraet total ordinary ex penses for four years under Governors Johnson and Brown 1,275,523 55 Leaves against Gov. Bullock’s administration for less than two and a half years more thaD Johnson and Brown for four full years $ 899,053 03 In tho above estimates tho payments on account of public debt are taken out of both accounts, also all appropriations to or for repairs of buildings. The pay ments on acoount of school fund do not enter into the acoount of either ; as, under Gov. Bullock’s recommendation, the school fund has been taken and used for general purposes. The payments on account of ar tificial limbs and suhooling maimed soldiers, burial of Confederate dead, removing furniture, library, office fixtures, books and papers from Milledgeville to Atlanta, are all taken out. Also payments on acoount ot convention scrip. So each period stands fairly alike on ordinary expenses, which shows Governor Bullook’s adminis tration, for less than two and a half years, to have been light hundred and ninety nine thousand fifty-three dol/ars and three cents more than Governor Johnson’s and Governor Brown’s for finer years. With no deduction from the accounts, as officially reported, they stand thus ; 1857 Total amount paid out of State Treasury $ 511,789 90 1858— Total amount paid out of State Treasury 745,470 64 ISs9—Total amount paid out of State Treasury 874,465 92 IB6o—Total amount paid out of State Treasury 662,600 00 $2 794,336 46 1868 (less than six months).s 450,957 77 1869 (twelve months) 1,857,825 98 1870 (twelve months) 1,470,021 02 ] $3,768,804 77 Deduct four years before the war 2,794,836 46 leaves au excess of Govern or Bullock for less than two and a half years over four years 964,468 81 Total for extra services for 1856, 1866, 1867, 1858, 1859, and 1860 (six years) 17,000 00 Gov. Bullock, for extralegal services for less than half the time, has paid 86,600 00 Be wards for fugitives 1855, 1856, 1857, 1868, 1869, and 1860. (s i x years) all charged to contingent fund 1,400 00 Gov. Bullock has paid by warrants on the Treasury (not charged to the contin gent fund)., 51,100 00 Less than half the time, though thirty times as much. Advertising proclamations, 1855, ’56, ’67, ’SB, ’SB and ’6O (six years) 5,000 00 Governor Bullock has paid for lees than half the time . by warrants on the Treasu ry 88,300 00 Incidental expenses of Executive depart ment, 1856, ’57, 'SB, ’59, ’6O, *66 and ’67 (seven years), uoder this head, only twenty dollars is charged, but I have included “small articles furnished Executive de part meut” aod “articles furnished Execu tive mansion.” making in all $2,186 76. Governor Bullock's incidental expenses for less than three years, $23,800 00. The section of the appropriation bill authorizing the Governor to draw war rants on the Treasury for,service or labor authorized by the General Assembly, for which no provision is made for compensa tion, has never been used by any Governor except Governor Brown, and then in amount about seven thousand dollars, while Governor Bullock has used it to the amount of font hundred and sixteen thou sand six hundred and twenty dollars and ninety cents. The annual general fax since Governor Ballock’a administration has been about $300,000 annually more than it was be fore the war. Still, he has had engraved six million dollars new State bonds, while the rate of State taxation now is over six times as high as it was in 1860. Taking last year as an average, the tax for this year, independent of the rental of the Western and Atlantic Railroad, will be $1,280,756 57 Rental of Western and At lantic Railroad 300,000 00 $1,580,756 57 Ordinary expenses for 1871 500,000 00 (which is considerably over the average before the war, and more than in I860). One-half rental of Western and A t lantio Railroad for school pur p«BC 100,0VO 00—000.000 00 (This last amount, however, together with all the other funds set apart by the new Constitution specially for common school purposes, and to be used for no other, the Governor has, and is using forordicary expenses) leaves a surplus to meet the public debt of 1871 930,756 57 Matured State bonds before 1871 173,000 00 Which should and would all have been hypothecated with the seven per cent, mortgage bonds issued specially for that purpose had not Gov. Bullock, in viola tion of express statute sold $265,000 and used a portion of the proceeds on the Kimball Opera House. State bonds due in 1871 $154,250 00 Interest due in ’71.427,375 00—754,625 00 Leaves a surplus for 1871.... 176,131 57 After paying all past due bonds and coupons, where the necessity for these $6,000,000 new State bonds Governor Bullock has had engraved, or any portion of them ? With any regard for economy there should be a large surplus in the State Treasury. At the close of 1869, I honestly estimated the surplus for 1870, after paying all libilities, including the maturing interest, at over four hundred thousand dollars, to be used as a sinking fund. These six millions of new State bonds arc exclusive of the State aid to railroads; for independent of this amount, the Gov ernor has had engraved and sett to him State gold bonds, purporting to be for ad ditional State aid to the Brunswiok and Albany Railroad Company.! 2,760,000 00 Add to this the amount the Governor reported to Henry Clews & Cos. the middle of March as hav ing received the endorse ment of the State (how many more since I do not know, as tho Governor refuses to answer) 5,923,000 00 The previous bonded in debtedness, including all bonds issued before 1869. 6,554,450 00 $20,637,500 00 Deduot new currency bonds returned to State Treas urer’s office 500,000 00 And we have present liabili ties $20,137,500 00 Counting all the bonds engraved, legiti mate and in use, the amount of interest on which will bo twice the amount of the annual general State tax. But iho evil and danger do not stop here. The Governor approved bills grant ing further State aid or endorsement to railroads to the amount of about thirty millions ($30,000,000) more. And if 1 have been correctly informed, Stato endorsed bonds have been issued by Governor Bullock before a milo of railroad was completed, or the first cent of sub scription paid. If this recklessness and waste arc not speedily stopped, but are followed up with new issues of bonds, the result is inevitable. Tho State will soon be absorbed, and the toiling farmers, with what little they can gather up, will be forced to flee their homes for safety from the tax-gatherers. (Signed) N. L. Angier, Treasurer of Georgia. Letter from Hart County. Hartwell, Ga., July 30, 1871. Editors Chronicle & Sentinel : In traveling through a portion of this county, as well as Elbert and Wilkes coun tios, wo find crops, as a general thing, looking remarkably well; upland corn especially is looking fine and fburishing. We think the acreage is less in cotton this year than last in this section. From what information wo could gather in Wilkes couDty, the acreage in cotton there will possibly be a third less, and about the same depreciation in Lincoln county. Tho planters incurred such heavy losses last year in those counties in fertilizers that they have almost entirely abandoned their use. Owing to partial showers during the past few weeks, some localities are suffer ing for rain, and if wc do not have a general rain in this country soon, say a few days, crops are going to bo injured very fast, and will depreciate rapidly from the vigorous and healthy condition they are now in. The farmers in this vicinity have all pretty well laid by their crops, and the season for revivals, camp meetings, exhi bitions, associations, &c.. are upon us, and bid fair to remain in lull blast for the next six weeks, when fodder will be ready to pull, and tho worshippers will adjourn to the coin fields. Wo lave had a ten days meeting in this place, which has just ad journed to give room to another denomina tion ; the first have had a fine meeting, and from the manifestations going up to Heaven at their night meetings might cause some to think the Lord a little troubled with deafness; but we do not suppose their shouting was for this reason entirely, but only to keep iD praotice tho good old ways they have inherited from their forefathers. With all these meetings the “Good Tempiers" are having their share, as they are just commencing their inaugura tions through this section, and rapidly gaining accessions to their ranks —making alcholic drinks way below par, having been reduced iu price from ten to five cents a drink at our only grocery in this place. Jugs are, however, increasing in demand, caused, we suppose.Jrom the fact that the Good Templers ere only transfer ing their manner of drinking from be hind a bar to behind a jug. S. The Prospect in Ohio.—The States man ot last Thursday mornig says, edito rially ; We shall indulge in do close calcula tions as to the results—it is too early ; but of one thing we feel certain, in common with the best informed men of our party, and that is this: If the Democrats get out their vote, as appearances now indi cate that they will, we shall carry the State tioket and the Legislature both. We believe the party is alive to the fact that victory is within reach. It is united and hopeful. The Republicans are divid ed and discouraged. Aside from office seekers and politicians, whose bread and butter is involved, there is a general feel ing of disappointment and dissaustaction in their party with the Grant administra tion This cannot be honestly disputed. We might say the feeling of disappoint ment is universal; next comes that of dissatisfaction and disgust, both wide spread. It is a fact pretty well under stood that at the October ejections in Ohio and Pennsylvaia many Republicans will absent themselves from the polls or vote the Democratic ticket, iu order to give these States to the Democracy, as the only certain or available means of defeating Grant's rencmination. A party of travelers passed through Baiubridge on Tuesday, mounted on four wheeled velocipedes. They were going to Columbia, Ala., at an average speed of forty miles a day. UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA. COMMENCEMENT -EXERCISES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA. COMMENCEMENT DAY. ADDRESSES OF THE GRADUATES. MEDALS AND DEGREES CON FERKED. [special CORRESPONDENCE op chroni cle * SENTINKL-J Athens, Ga., August L 1871. It ia matter of regret with your corres pondent that he reached here too late to indite anythirg from individual observa tion of or participation in the very inter esting events of Sunday and Monday, in connection with the progressing com mencement exercises of the University of Georgia. His sketch of these events must, therefore, be necessarily brief, being constructed entirely of such points as he could gather in a general way, without respect to detail. THE ATTENDANCE. The attendance, in point of numbers up to the present writing, is scarcely more than the usual average. It embraces, perhaps, a much larger assemblage of the leading intellects of Georgia and other States, however, than has assembled here for a number of years. Among the promi nent men noted as here may be mentioned ex Gov. Jenkins, ex-Gov- Brown, Hon. H. V- M. Miller, Hon. B. H. Hill, Hon. Iverson L. Harris, Hon. James Jackson and others, of Georgia, not now remem bered, with the Rev. Dr. Palmer, of New Orleans, and Rev. Dr. Bledsoe, of Balti more. 300,000 00 The attendance of ladies is liberal, and embraces some of the fairest types oi female beauty and loveliness which any country can boast, dignifying and elevating the occasion by their presence, and con tributing the all-potent strength of their influence to promote the interests ol an institution around which the haa*ta.of true Georgians should gather in a united resolve to make it the equal of aDy similar institution of learning in the country. Among the ladies, Augusta is but feebly represented in point of numbers, and is comparatively not much better off in her delegation of the opposite sex- The only hotel (the Newton House) is crowded to its fullest capacity, and was to-day compelled to turn away applicants for sleeping quartern. Thanks, however, to the special exertions of Capt. Kennard, Superintendent, your correspondent has been well cared for in that respect. To-morrow being Commencement Day, a much larger attendance is anticipated. THE SERMONS. The Commencement Sermon, preached on Sunday by Rev. Dr. Palmer, of New Orleans, is pronounced to have been a model of profound thought and finished pulpit oratory, for which this justly dis tinguished theologian has for years been ardently admired from one extreme of the country to the other. The sermon of Rev- Dr. Hicks, of Macon, before the Young Men’s Christian Association, on Sunday n : ght, is eulog’zed as one of the most appropriate and elo quent discourses which have emanated from that able divine and brilliant lecturer. 930,756 57 MEETING OF THE TRUSTEES. At ifioir business meeting on Monday, the Board of Trustees proceeded to fill the vacancies caused in the Board by death and resignation. The following gentlcmeu were elcoted members of the Board : J. J. Gresham, Macon ; Dunlap Scott, Rome, and D. A. Walker, Whitfield county—to 611 the vacancies caused by the deaths of Judre E. A. Nisbet and ex-Gov. Lump kin, and the resignation of Col. John Billups. DEGREES CONFERRED. The Board of Trustees, od Monday, con ferred the degree of Bachelor of Laws up on Capt. A. S. Erwin, of Athens—an honor all the more flattering to the high attainments of the worthy recipient, since he is not a graduate of any oollege. The degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred upon J. R. Crane, also of Athens. ADDRESS OF HON. B. H. HILL. The address of Hon. B. H. Hill before the Alumni Society, on Monday evening, is the absorbing topic of discussion, and provokes not a little of. unstinted con demnation of its depreciation of Southern civilization In comparison with that of the North. With his “ greased ” eye-glasses Mr. Hill has been taking a squint at the institution of slavery, and boldly pro mulges that in it tho South imposed upon herself manacles which retarded her ad vance in civilization, and confesses himself pious enough to thank God that these manacles have been broken. In order that the readers of the Chronice & Sentinel may have early opportunity to understand the direction of this last “departure,” your correspondent has embodied tho very full synopsis of this address, prepared by C. W. Hubncr, Esq., correspondent of the Atlanta Era: “Mr. Hill welcomed the Alumni to the vcncrablo walls in which they had congre gated, and in the name of Georgia testified his gratification at beholding so many of the children of the venerated Alma Mater gathered to do honor to the occasion and reunite the golden links of academic re miniscences. He said they were repre sentatives of evory seotion of the proud old State ; participants of her former pros perity ; sharers of her past and present misfortunes, and, he trusted, heirs of the prosperity and glory yet to come upon her bowed head, when tho iuoubus which still oppresses her shall be removed, and the day star of a brighter era shall have dawned upon the horizon of the new future. You have gathered to ask your dear and beloved mother, from whose ten der bosom you have drawn the life blood of intellect and the sap of knowledge, what it is that she needs, in order that she may occupy the proud rank due to her merit, and resume her standard-berer ship in the grand onward march of pro gress. Anew era is upon the world; old systems are dead, or dying, and we must put our house in order. The great govern ing power of the world to-day is the idea. Kings, conquerors, communities, nor any other authorities, are able to withstand the strength of ideas ; ideas alone nowa days govern dynasties and direct the fate of nations. In peace as well as war, in every relation of life, the ago in which we five is far ahead of the past. All develop- ments of the age have leapt into beiDg at the command ot ideas —ho triple crowned sovereigns of the modern world—and upon this divinely decreed power depends the success of mankind, and the individual greatness of nations. In order to succeed, nations, as well as individuals, must be up and doing; they must drive and not tarry by the highways that lead to fortune. We have no time to wasto in trying to rebuild the rotten past, or to rejuvinatc effete sys tems of government. The future is our proper sphere. We must not stop to ponder what we have been, but must grasp the great Issson as to what we are to be. We must not stop to admire and ape our fathers, but build up a living, breathing, active, daring world of the present, iu which our children may find a proper and efficacious sphere of moral and physical action. Providence moves mys tsriously, and what we may deem calamity, often turns out to be a great though dis guised good. The great fear is th3t we may not be willing to rise to the lead of the circumstances in which God has placed us, and that we may fail to realize the height of the argument, whise grave solu tion Providence has placed in our hands. We should, as Southerners, first of all, understand our proper relation as a peo ple to other peoples. We should, secondly, study the best means to promote the edu cation of the masses of our people, and in so doing, we should endeavor to advance the best interests of the University, in which culminate the education and intel lectual interests of Georgia. In 1787 wise men predicted that the Southern States would excel all the others in point of population, wealth and power, owing to their area, their fertility, their vast in dustrial and commercial resources, But in spite of these established facts, why is it that the sayings of these wise men have not been realized ? Other sections of coun try, interior to ours in every respect, have attracted the notioe of the world, which has sent thither the weati , industry, and intelligence of the earth, to bring to light the capacities and resources of those sec tions, and why has the superior South been ignored i Why the failure I Do not charge God with it, for He has not favored more highly than He has the South any country upon the face of the earth. He has created for ns a Paradise, but we have not appreciated the gift. Why have States inferior to us advanced with such giant strides, and developed every element of power, while we have been content to look upon their towering greatness without even the desire to emu late their progress ? Our failure is to be accounted for in onrselves, and our disin clination to use the power Heaven has placed in oar grasp. The primal cause of our failure as a people ia the fact that our system of labor was slavery. From this, as from a den of disturbed vipers, have crawled out the innumerable and poison ous evils that have lamed oar energies, and polluted ost blood. He did not wish to discuss the probletn of slavery, but only to notice its deleterious effects upon our people. Knowledge is power ; ignorance is death. The strength of a people lies in the establishment and maintenance of good schools, in the establishment of man ufactories and the scientific advancement of mechanical labor. The former, there fore, to effect these progressive causes, must be educated power; these blessings most spring from the prolific mind of skilled labor; mere muscle is barbarous and unfit for an age of advanced civiliza tion, and people or man who simply de pends upon the brain of muscle will soon sink into merited darkness, to be fbrc?d to occupy a back seat in the grand arena of the age?. We need less professional love, but we want universal knowledge, the 1 training of the physical sciences, and the elaboration of the practical issues of fife. To theso sources we owe all that makes man great, and stamps the originality of genius upon the age in which we five. The speaker here alluded to all the magnificent discoveries whose benefits we now reap. How much of all this have we, the South ern people, dene? To what can we lay claim in this temple of merit? To noth ing. Where are our educated engineers, mechanics of every kind ? Skilled labor, brave intelligence from other sections, ex humes for us the resources of oar native soil, and shows as the treasures which we refuse to recognize, lying under our very feet. We are indebtod to strangers for nearly all of civilization that we enjoy as a people. The great prolific cause of all this has been the system of negro slavery. Ignorance was made the primal condition of the slave and the primal law of order. This dangerous and suicidal system drove the South back from the marching column of social and national progress. To make it a punishable crime to educate the slave was a great national wrong to ourselves, and bitterly have we reaped the fruits of our folly. No nation can expect a healthy and beneficial life that makes the ignorance of the masses a basis of its existence. Moreover, we ignored the claims of the mechanical classes. We kept the mechanic in a scale between our selves and the slave, and refused to assi milate or associate with him. Labor was looked down npon as ignoble, mercenary, debasing, and hence the brave and intelli gent mechanic of other sections, when asked to share with us his fortunes and his labors, proudly answered, “ No, sir; I am not a slave, thank you.” Elegant leianro anil . prntjt.flhlft i/Hnnosa-nmn *l»« ■ sphere of educated minds. Labor in the country was disconnected, and we failed to reap the fruits of that truly Archame dian lever, skilled and intelligent labor, whose results move the world. Labor was looked upon as the badge cf slavery and so cial degradation, whilst the course of idle ness and the glitter of titled folly was a passport to social distinction. Our ele gant Southern belles, so different from the noble women we read of in Holy Writ, could not comprehend the domestic duties of their homes ; and had they to entertain angels of God unawares, would have been unable to do so with the labor of their hands in the kitchen. The intellectual ability of our people is granted, but what progress have we made in the science of government? None. Examine the best work of our statesmen, and exclude the overshadowing problem of slavery, what is left to admire and comment. The speaker alluded brilliantly to the bright examples of British statesmanship, to Blackstone, Coke, Burke and others. Have we any such to point to ? Coming homeward, what are our Bancrofts, Web sters and Storeys ? Turning from this sad retrospect, wc will gaze upon other fields of culture. It has been said that the South was simply an agricultural country, and its interests all centered in the general tillage of its fertile soil. Concede this, what have we done even in this most natural field ? Have wc scientific agriculture? Do we appreciate and understand how to develop to the uttermost our most natural resources of tillage. Why has God lavished upon us the wealth of nature, if He did not in tend us to become an agricultural, a manu facturing, a commercial people ? Why aro we listless or asleep, with all these capabilities within us ? We have not im proved our natural blessings, because labor has been degraded and dishonored. We find that the skilled labor of other coun tries has conquered us in every direction. Even our late Northern enemies bad only to close our ports with their fleets, and to force us upon our own resources, in order to prove our deplorable indigence in this respect. Wo had plenty of raw material, but no machinery, no skilled labor to manufacture it, and make our resources useful. We had to resort to the miserable subterfuge of smuggling from Eagland in order to clothe even the nakedness of our gallant soldiers, and our deficiency in weapons bad to be supplied by the Spartan bravery of our troops upon the battle-field, where by captures they exchanged their poor weapons for the approved and pow erful arms of their foes. If the South had kept her house in order before the war, and skillfully and truthfully developed her latent forces, she never would have been vanquished- _We bad excellent leaders, splendid soldiery, grand intellects in every walk of learned professional life, but what we did not have was the es sential principle of success —skilled labor- We depended upon and leaned upon the negro for our support, aud neglected our interests as well as our duties. For two generations we have becD in bondage to the negroes ; tho present humiliation of the South is what wo gained by this. The speaker compared th‘e South to Promoth eus bound to a rock and torn by the vul tures. TbaDk God we are at last freed from our self imposed chains ! Slavery is abolished, and a newer and brighter era has dawned up us. All the effete effects that sprang from the curse of slavery have or must die with it. Educated men must devote their minds to tho new civilization upon us, and we shall soon find that what we have looked upon as a calamity was but a blessing in disguise, and that our fetters have been broken at last. We must establish schools ; if we do not, the fruits to be gained by this blessed change will be reaped by others. Make us a practical, go ahead, skillful, laboring peo ple, and we shall reach the goal of victory aud rise triumphant Irorn our humilia tions. Our duly is plain. Lotus devote our time, means and attention to produce educated, laboring masses ; let us try the grand experiment upon the negro, our na tural laborer ; give him all the means and facilities of education, and if he fails to reach the level intended for him, be upon him the odium of failure, and then let us turn to other sources for the necessary educated and skilled labor needed in our land. He spoke of Georgia’s vast and unlimited natural resources, and what the noble old State could do under the magic touch of thorough and educated workmen, and stated as an axiom that this class— the class of skilled laborers—will and must rule the country. The physical develop ment of the oountry will fix the character of our institutions and guide its government, while the educated sluggard will pass into merited oblivion. Toe solemn question with us then is, shall our children rule in their own land, or shall it fall as an heir loom into the hands of the children of strangers? Buildup, then, the University of Georgia. Lot the blessings of intelli gence flow from this source all over the land. This is the fountain of Georgia prosperity. Make it all it should be- Make tuition in this grand old Alma Mater free to all. Open its golden doors to the people. Make it the refuge of the intelli gent seeker afier knowledge and truth. Establish free schoolship and fellowship, and make the University the universal blessing to the land of our fathers it should be. We cannot pay too much in this di rection, no nobler cause can inspire us than the diffusion of knowledge to the children of our glorious Commonwealth. Ignorance is the heaviest tax we can pay, and is the costliest of all our expenses. Knowledge is power, wealth and economy. The noble orator alluded to the grand in stitutes of learning in England, and traced their magnificent influences upon the peo ple of that country, and introduced the pow er of skilled labor and intelligent masses, so triumphantly shown in the late terrible conflict between Germany and poor de graded France. He also called attention to the fine examples nearer home—the magnifioentlv endowed and supported Col leges and Universities of the Northern State® of the Union. If wo are true to ourselves, we need not fear the future. The gates of victory is wide open to us, and it is only our fault if we fail. A thousand Troys, more glorious and pow erful than that which has sunken into the ashes of the past, shall ri*e upon the place of the old ; a hundred JE lias shall form other cities for oar people, more splendid than the one from which they have been driven, and a fairer light than that of other days shall beam upon us from j propitious skies. Universal education is the lonndation i rock of all national prosperity, the palla dium of liberty, the standard of progress, the conservator of Christianity, the crown ing excellence of good government, that royal path to human glory and immortal life. Let us as Georgians devote all our energies to this sacred task and all will be well. We cannot do otherwise and expect to prosper as a people, or claim the high rank in the list of nations to which Jehovah has assigned us if we only prove true to ourselves, and the sacred duty de volved upon us as the custodian of educa tion and the leaders of intellectual pro gress.” The eloquent orator was greeted at in tervals with the most unbounded applause, shewing how deeply this influential and intelligent audience grasped the portent i and scope of the speaker’s pertinent and j practical thoughts. THE ALUMNI DINNER. The Aiumni dinner, for which such active preparation had been made for months previous, came off Monday even ing at Deupree’s Hall. The most liberal provision of substalils and delicacies, with sparkling chamine and other ex hilarants, contributed) spread a banquet in every way worthy fthe occasion it was to serve iu reuniting Ii hearts of a broth erhood in devotion tc he interests of a venerated and vene >le Alma Mater. About two hundred'peons were present, embracing numbers the most distin guished men of Geor i and other States Aggregating an assem tge of intellectual strength aud attaining in art, literature and science rarely m with around the festive board. In bet sos the Faculty, Professor W. W. Lupkin delivered a highly appropriate webming address. After the eloth had teu removed came an intellectual feast, olrhich no adequate conception can be giv4 in detail, lasting, as it did, until the of this morn ing, and numbering aeng the speakers many of our mo3t abland distinguished men, adorning tbe provisions of law, med icine, the ministry, a i other avocation?. The following are the -egular toasts read aod responded to, jar correspondent being obliged to contet himself with a simple indication of thse who responded, without any attempt taportray the char acter of the speeches mde: 1. To the memory of ur deceased Trus tees. Drank standing and ii silence. To the present Rard of Trustees: 'Honor to whom hour is due.” Tbe Board has a great woritodo; the com plete endowment of tie University of Georgia, and her expanioo, till she takes rank with tho first Diversities of the world, and throws open her halls, tuition free, to all her children. Responded to by Hon Charles J. Jen kins. 3. To the memory of oar deceased Presi dents, Professors and Tuors. Drank standing and iotilence 4. To tbe Chancellor and Professors dow in office; ripe sohdars, efficient in structors, Christian gentemen. The youth of the country need n<t look elsewhere for better training. Responded to by Rev. A. A- L’pscomb, Chancellor. 5. To the memory of our deceased Alumni. Drank standing and ii silence. 6. To the living Alunni: They owe a duty to their Aimer Meter, and they are here to pledge t h eira bsen t im mm, i j TO-rrtfgaar^ e jt, m assure Tne Board of Trust that cney aro ready “ to help, aid, and assist in every work, how ever difficult or dangerous,” which the Board may plan for the advancement of liberal education* of professional learning, and of schools of industry comb'ned with mental culture, regarding, as they do, all students of the University as peer?, in whatever school engaged. Responded to by 'Tin, Dope Hull. 7. To the Alumni of theyirsf quarter of the present century; They did what they could to keep our Alma Mater among living institutions; and they have ex emplified their training as heralds of the cross, as physicians, as lawyers, and as citizens in other walks of life, equal to any of their day; some of them still lingers among us, aud manifest their interest by their presence at this festival board. Among them we name Colonel Win. H. Jackson, the only survivor of the first graduating class of 1804, and Mr. John Pliinizy, of Augusta, the sole survivor of the class of 1811; and besides these, none remain of the first decado of our Alma Mater. Responded to by Hon. Iverson L Harris. 8. To the Alumni of the second quarter of the present century; They present many historic names, of whom our Alma Mater may justly feel proud ; hut to in dividualize them might seem invidious Let ns cherish the memories of tbe dead, and let us love the living. We have a heart for all our Alumni of whatever party or creed ; a mother’s full heart-goes out to each and to all. Responded to by Hon. James Jackson. 9. To the Alumni of the third quarter of the present century : They promise to equal, if not surpass, iu all respects, their illustrious predecessors. Responded to by A. 0. Bacon, Esq. 10. The graduates of the Law School: May they rise to eminence, bless the coun try, aid in preserving its liberties, and handing them down to posterity, whole and entire. Responded to by Mr. Washington Dessau. 11. The graduates of the Engineer School: They are already in demand ; all beiDg either on some railroad or in some professionalemployment testing their train ing. Two have just been called to (be Southern Pacific Railroad, and we wel come here to-night one who has just been advanced (o the rank of Chief Eoeineer. Responded to by Mr. W. W- Thomas, Chief Engineer. 12. The Reverend Clergy of the Alumni: They do guard with untiriDg zeal and ceaseless vigilance the paramount interests Os ttlß ImUIUrUI ooul Responded to Rev. Benj. M. Palmer, D. D., L. L. D. 13. The noble Profession of Medicine, of the Alumni : The} labor night and day, to restore health and prolong life ; may they ever be appreciated and duly re warded for their toils. Responded to by H. V. M. Miller, M. D. 14. The necessary Profession of Law of the Alumni : ’Tis thoir business to watch over life, liberty and property : may they be always found true to duty. Responded to by Hon. Joseph E. Brown. 15. The Press : The art preservative of all arts : We hail with joy the fact that a numter of our Alumni are connected therewith. May the number of such con tinually grow. Responded to by Henry H. Jones, Esq., of the Maeon Telegraph and Messenger. 16. Tho Fair : Never to be forgotten by “good men and true.” God bless them. Responded to unanimously. In addition to tho regular toasts there were scores of volunteer sentiments, among which may be mentioned the following : “The memory of the dead private Alumni, who fell fighting for the South.” Judge Jackson was called out to re spond to the above, and, in conclusion, offered : Our distinguished guest—Dr. H. 11. Tucker. This brought Dr. Tucker out, who grace fully acknowledged the compliment, and offered : The Present Faculty and Board ; important duties are devolved upon them, and we rejoice that they aro competent to discharge their duties. Rev. Dr. Bledsoe was called out, and expressed warm admiration for Georgia and Athens. Ex-Gov, Jenkins offered: Southern Georgia, known as tho wire-grass section, and referred to Col. Seward, who, when the interests of the University were in volved, came to the rescue in tho State Legislature. Col. Seward made an appropriate re sponse. Cols. Waddell and Charles T. Goode, of Americas, were each brought out in turn and made happy responses. Col. Tiipne offered : Mercer, Ogle thorpe and Emory Cdleges ; whilst we so anxiously desire great thrngs from our own University, we desiro the success of these institutions of learning. Hon. M. A. Cooper, Hon. B. H. Hill, Samuel Hall, Col. D. A. Vason and others, were also called out and made brief and pertinent responses. The most marked dignity and decorum characterized the proceedings, and the common verdict is that the banquet was a complete and brilliant success through out, and will loog be held in pleasant re collection by those who participated. DEMOSTUENEAN celebration. The Demosthean celebration took place at the Chapel on Monday night, the address being delivered by E. G. Simmons, of Macon, who selected “ National Memories” as his subjee 1 , acquitted himself hand somely, and received the hearty applause of a large a r d appreciative audience. After the address of Mr. Simmons, Mr. J. A. Birolay arose, and iD a appro priate words delivered to Mr. Gray, of Adairsville, a gold medal, as the best de bater of the Sophomore class ; to Mr. C. E. Harman, of Atlanta, a gold medal as the best debater of the Junior clasp, and to Mr. John L, Hardeman, of Macon, a gold medal as the best debater in the Demosthenean Society. ORATION BEFORE THE LITERARY SOCIETIES. To-day (Tue ; day) at half-past 10 o’clock, a. m., the oration before the Literary Societies was pronounced by Col. B. H. Thornton, of Columbus. Col. Thornton selected.as his subject “What Is The Duty of the Hour,” in the presentation of which he sought to impress the young gentlemen of the Societies with the high and exalted privileges to which they had been born under the advancement of sci ence, requiring only patient and devoted labor to achieve tho most eminent position and material wealth. He earnestly cau tioned against the toleration of " yellow back” literature, aod counseled uncompro mising opposition to the corrupt and per nicious doctrine of social aod political equality which had been promulgated. The address was replete with matter for the serious reflection of the educated youth . of the country, to whom, in consideration of the grave responsibilities devolving upon them in preventing the spread of corruption, it was mainly directed. THE PHI KAPPA ORATION. The Phi Kappa Oration was delivered at the Chapel to-night by W- T. Armis tead, of Lexington, who selected as his subject: Mystery of the Mind and the Mystery of Matter.” The young speaker exhibited the closest thought upon the subject which he had chosen, and had clothed his deductions in the most comely and charming phraseology, which he pre seoted in a manner at once indicative, of a high and refined order of oratorical ability, and which elicited the most spirti cd applause from the very largo and highly cultivated audience present, and called forth a gratifying shower of beqaets from fair hands. „ Mr. J. J. Swann, of Crawfordville, in a handsome and appropriate address, pre sented to G. G. Randell, of Acworth, Ga., Society Medalist, the medal awarded to the best debater: also, medals to H. C- Gle-nn, of Atlanta, and S. B. A lams, of Savannah, as the best junior debaters; and a medal to C. A. {file 9 , of Griffin, Ga., as the best Sophomore debater. This closed the exercises of the day. J ' W ' C - Athens, August 2,1871. As anticipated, there was a grand array of the beauty and intellect of the State here to-day, to witness the exceedingly interesting exercises pertinent to Com mencement Day. The spacious Chapel, from ground floor to gallery, was radiant with the bright eyes and lair faces of hundreds of Georgia’s loveliest daughters, with a corresponding assemblage of intel- L'Ctual manhood, calculated to excite the admiration of tho veriest stoio. Not a vacant seat was available when the hour for the commencement of the exercises ar rived, while soores were forced to be con tent with standing room. ADDRESS OF GRADUATES. Salutatory (Latin)—By P. K. Yonge, of Penaacola, Florida, second honor. The speaker acquitted himself in a manner which secured the hearty applause of the large and highly cultivated audience-, and bore eff a namber of floral tributes to the evident high order of talent which he possesses, and which exhibits a culture indicative of still more permanent dis tinction in the future. The Greatest Art —By I. L. Brookes, of South Carolina, was a well merited tri bute to the paramount importance of the art of printing as an agency in advancing science and civilization. Tho speaker was as happy in the construction and delivery nf I.: ■ 11 ■■ mi 1| ■ ii ii iln i tr— r-li Ii 'll II of his theme, in the handling of which he exhibited a well-digested appreciation of the immense power wielded by this Archimedean lever iu elevating the civili zation of the world, The Political and Legal Coxcomb— By R. L. Gamble, of Augusta, was an ad dress which completely analyzed and ex posed to deserved contempt that class in cident to all communities, who, while be ing the impersonation of self-conceit, con fer no material benefit upon society. Five Minutes —By G. E. Glodd, of Daw son, second honor. This young speaker exhibited au originality in the selection of his subject, and in its local application, which evidenced a mind trained to exer cise out of the well worn ruts of mere declamation. Availing himself of the five minutes restriction imposed by the Facul ty upon the speakers, lie turned it to pro fitable account in the entertainment of his hearers, by reciting the impossibility to electrify the audience in that brief time with the gathered learning of four years, or to rise on wings of eloquence to to the heights of Olympus and astonish even Jove upon his throne. The still small voice had whispered “ five minutes,” and all those grand aspirations had been nipped in the bud; and it was impossible, in “five minutes,” to delve into the char nel house of the past and arouse to life the mighty dead accustomed to do duty on such occasions. Yet, why wish the re strictions off when the world was ever ready to laugh at the efforts of Sopho mores. The speaker well cauterized the too common desire to create a sensation, interrogating as to the number of speeches delivered from the stand he occupied which possessed the merit of independent preparation. Were they not written with chief regard to creating a sensation—a slavish respect to public opinion—and de livered with one eye upon the subject and the other upon newspaper reporters ? He earnestly condemned “yellowback” lite rature and sensational publications, and coveted the possession of power to collect and**, consign them all to a tomb from which the general resurrection could not raise them. Mr. Glenn’s speech was received w ith universal appreciation, and he deserves congratulation for the well-aimed arrow which he fastened in the vulnerable car cass of a decaying independence and self reliance. The fourth speaker was J. L Hand, of Amoricus, whose subjeot was Anthropos. Mr. Hand acquitted himself with consid erable degree of credit to his ability as a close thinker and ontortaining rnoaUcr. He was followed by E. Newton, of Union Point, who bore off the third honor, and selected as his subject, The World's Drama. Within the brief' period allotted to the speakers, Mr. Newton exhibited consummate skill in condensing the illus trations of his subjeot from the grand events of the world and its princes of intellect, whieh wore marshalled in review as a stage and the players thereon, en acting the dramas of different ages in the world’s progress. The sixth speaker, E. C. Ware, of Athens, selected as his subject the defiant and unyielding declaration of Galileo respecting the earth —“ It Moves for All That-" In the presentation of his subject, Mr- Ware graphically indicated the rapid strides in progress which the world was making, despite all obstacles of wai, pesti lence, or whatever else interposed. The next speaker in order was G. W. Warren, of Augusta, whose subject was Now and Then , in the prosecution of which he faithfully and impressively daguerreotyped the shifting scenes inci dent to the experience of nature and indi viduals. Now, wo arc on the summit of success ; then, we are softened and sad dened by disappointed hopes and disas trous railures. Drawing from the history of coitions to illustrate his subject, the speaker adverted to Prussia as once pros trate at the feet of the iron-hearted Na poleon, but now the greatest military power among nations, while France lay crushed beneath that power, her palaces and magnificent works of art destroyed by her own people. He was followed by P. K. Yonge, of Florida, whoso second address was upon the comprehensive subject of The Real and Ideal, in the handling of which he was no less skillful than he proved himself in his Latin Salutatory. His theory, well sustained by the achievements of im agination, maintained that nothing is so beautiful in the real but that there is something in the ideal world to transcend its grandeur and sublimity. The valedictory to the Trustees and Faculty devolved upon E. H. Briggs, of Columbia, Ga,, who shared the first honor, and was well discharged. The valedictory to the audience was de livered by G. H. Howell, of Valdosta, who also shared the first honor. He recog nized the society of woman as an important and essential agency in aiding the thorough education cf the youth, and alluded with special pleasure to the beneficial influ ences exerted by the lovely women of Athens upon the students in the Univer sity, paying a high tribute to the well known culture, refinement and hospitality of the pfcoplc of Athens. Mr. A. A, Murphey, also a first honor man, from Monroe county, delivered a most impressive, spirited and eloquent val edictory to his classmates, in which he boldly repudiated the old fogy idea that young men should be seen and not heard, until the frosts of age had whitened their hair, and earnestly invoked them to go forth and enter at once upon their legiti mate work of combatting error and cor recting false doctrines. The several speakers received the most gratifying evidence that their respective efforts had earned the appreciation of the highly cu’uvated and ncble Georgia women present, in the lavish bestowment of tasty boquets, lashioned by fair hands. DISTRIBUTION OF MEDALS. Immediately upon the conclusion of the speaking, the venerable and beloved Chan cellor Lipscomb introduced to the au dience Hon. H. V. M. MiHer, who had been nominated to distribute the medals. In his accustomed felioitious manner, Dr. Miller held the audience spell-bound by his impressive eloquence for about thirty or forty minutes, in discharge of the duty which had been imposed upon him. Taking the subject of Eloquence, he drew a most entertaining and truthful definition of its purpose, test and constituent ele ments, a leading essential, according to his conception, beiog brevity of speech. He was glad to see the adoption of the five minutes rule in the University. The most eloquent speeeh on record, perhaps, did not occupy more than one minute in its de livery—the speech of Mirabcau in the French Assembly, when Louis XVI. sent a message to dissolve the Assembly. What a relief to juries should the five minutes rule be applied to lawyers, and to congre gations, where ministers are accustomed to read a homily of three hours and a half duration. There was written as well as spoken eloquence, which was now the chief means by which to reach and con vince the advanced intelligence of the world, no longer swayed alone by popular harangue. This was found in the news paper, in whieh brevity was also an essen tial element in reaching the popular ear, and in which he was gratified to know that the students of the University had opportunity of cultivation in a publica tion —the Collegian— esteemed worthy of universal patronage. Dr. Miller distributed the medals to the prize medalists, as follows : J. 8. Davis, of Albany. Sophomore Prize Declaimcr ; J. E. Hartridgo, Florida, Sophomore Prize E-mayist ; W. A. Blount, Florida, University Prize Essayist. ' PRIZE SCHOLARSHIPS. The Chancellor announced that the Sophomore Prize Scholarship, for attain ing tho highest grade iu the Sophomore class, had been awarded to W. S. Morris, of Athens. HONORABLE MENTION. The following students attained honor able mention : H. C- Ansley, Augusta ; B. A. Denmark, Quitman ; R. H. Goe 1 .- chius, Columbus ; J. L. Hardeman, Macon. Among those awarded certificates of proficiency in the course of studies in dif ferent departments were R. L. Gamble and J. M. Adams, of Augusta, in Ger man. DEGREES CONFERRED. Bachelors of Arts —H. C- Ansley, Au gusta ; W. T. Armistead, Lexington; J. A. Barclay, Macon ; W. A. Bel 1 . At lanta ; R. E. Berner, Montioe lo ; E. H. Briggs, Columbus ; J. L. Brooks, South Carolina ; A. W. Carswell, Richmond co.; T. H. Cunningham, South Carolina ; B. A. Denmark, Quitman : G. R. Glenn, Dawson; R. H. Gcetchius, Columbus; J. L. ’Hand, Americus ; J. L. Hardeman, Macon < I. T- Heard, Augusta ; G. A. Howeli, Valdosta ; C. T. Key, Richmond 00. ; J. G. Johnson, Soutn Carolina; P. fl. Mell, Athens; D. Munroc, Ala bama ; A. A. Murphey, Barnesville; R. W. H. Neal, Thomson; T. C. Newton, E. Newton, Union Point; G. G. Randell, Acworth ; E. G. Simmons. Macon ; J. J. Swann, White Plains; J. E. Waller, Daw son; W. E. Ware, Athens; G. W. War ren, Louisville; J. E. Yonge, P.K. Yonge, Florida. Bachelors of Law. —Washington Dessau, A. 8., Macon; Wm. A. Broughton, A. B. Madison ; Walter B. Hill, A. 8., Ma con ; Benj. H. Hill, Jr., A. B , Cnarles D. Hill, Athens; VV. B. Hinton, Macon county; James L. C. Kerr, Buena Yista; Stephen Clay King, Wayne county, Ga.; Henry Hull Linton, A. B , Athens; Rich ard W. H. Neal, Thomson, Ga.; Charles W. Seidell, Athens; Brittain H- Tabor, Mississippi; Robert Whitfield, Madison ; Fletcher P. Wethiogtoo, Florida. Civil Engineers. —Joel Hurt, Alabama ; E. K. Lumpkin, Athens; T. J. Mikell, Quartti Oarulrrn* , tJ. J*. fianndurN, AfhrMi* ; J. B. B. Smith, A. 8., Atlanta. HONORARY DEGREES FOR PREVIOUS CLASSES. The Degree ot Master of Arts was con ferred on the following graduates of class of 18G6 ’67, viz: G. Legaro Comer, Ala bama; W. Allen Fort, Georgia; Malcom Johnson, Georgia; Samuel Spencer, Geor gia; T. 11. Ward, Georgia. The same Degree was given to the class of 1567 ’6B, viz: A. 11. Alfriend, George Bancroft, 11. D. Beane. Julius L. Brown, W. A. Carlton, A. H. Cox, G. B. Convell, J. E. Donalson, W. L. Dennis, Charles S. Dußose, Rev. G. T. Goetchius, C. M. Goodman, W. S. Gordon, 11. W. Grady, R. B. Hodgson, B. P. Hollis, Davenport Jackson, L. E. Leconte, M. V. McKibben, P. W. Meldrin, W. R. Mims, Rev. II P. Myers, W. F. Parks, T. B. Phiuizy, J. 11. Rucker, J. W. Rhodes, R. A. Russell, AV. B. Thomas, AV. AV. Thomas. Robert Toombs, H. A. AVhitman, S. F. AVilson, Hamilton Yancey. CLOSE OF THE EXERCISES. The conferring of the distinctions, cer tificates and degrees terminated the very interesting exercises of commencement week, from which vacation dates to the 15th of September. DEPARTURE OF THE VISITORS. The exercises concluded, about half of the visitors took their departure this oveniDg, tho remainder leaving in the morning, when Athens will somewhat re semble a “banquet hall deserted,” de prived as sho will be alike ot tho students and their visiting friends, who havo so largely contributed to the animation and gaity of her social life during tho present week. THE ALUMNI nOP, At Deupree’s Hall to-night was not largely attended, but passed off with suc cess in promoting the pleasure of those who attended. Os the twenty-five ladies present, there was a fino array of beauty and grace. THE UNIVERSITY. With the present graduating class, the College system disappears entirely, giving place to the more popular University plan. In thus renewing its youth, after seventy years of honorable distincion among tho leading institutions of learning, the University appeals to tho pride and patriotism of every true Georgian for that fostering care wbieh will enable its dis tinguished faculty to widen the area of their usefulness in disseminating the ad vantages of education throughout the State. It is gratifying to record the indi cations that the friends of the institution recognize this appeal, and that they have determined to lend tho power of their in fluence to secure such endowment from the State as will guarantee its establish ment upon a basis which will place its suc cess beyond the contingency of doubt. At the Alumni meeting, on Monday, ex- Gov. Brown introduced a resolution,which was adopted, that a committee be ap pointed to make a personal appeal to the next Legislature for a permanent endow ment of $500,000. Tho Trustees havo determined *to ap ply to the Legislature for a chaDgo of charter, providing for the election of lour Trustees from the Society of the Alumni— thus providing an additional clement of faithful guardianship es the interests of the institution. editorial courtesies. Your correspondent is under obligation to the active and generous courtesy of Mr. S. A. Atkinson, editor cf the Banner, for the extension of every facility at his com mand which could aid in gathering infor mation. TUB WESTFIELD EXPLOSION. THE EXCITEMENT STILL HIGH DESOLATED HOMES. the morgue and the hospitals. The New York papers still contain voluminous reports of the disaster to the steam ferryboat Westfield. Tho details are still sickening, and the distress very great. The following are additional par ticulars. [From the New York World.] THE APPEARANCE OF THE WRECK. Everything on the boat remains as it was left by the csplosicn, and it is diffi cult to conceive of a more perfect wreck. About ten feet of the forward portiou of the shell of the boiler has been blown clear forward, aDd is wedged into the bow, hav ing lifted the dock up bodily in its pas sage. Another section of shell blew out sideways, and is fhttened against the side of the boat, accommodating itself to her shape by the torco of the explosion, as readily as if composod of oil cloth instead of boiler iron, and the force with which it struck the timbers was such that the con cussion started off the outside planking. The main portion of the b filer was forced over to the opposite side from this piece, and exhibits its ends with the jagged holes from which the braces have boen torn bodily, while in one place is a huge rent showing the tremendous force with which the shell had been torn away. The smoke-stack lies prone along forward of the boiler, just where it fell. The great deck beams are torn and twisted and splintered into all sorts of shapes, while the lighter wood work of the cabin, pilo -house, &c, is literally splintered into fragments. Here and there, among all this rubbish, is seen great clots of blood and fragments of hair and clothing, horrible mementoes of the late butchery. As ghastly trophies the policeman in charge exhibits to visi tors the perfect skins of two hands, Un- gers and thumbs all complete, like gloves, just as they were wrenched from off tl.e victim by the terrible steam, and which were picked up yesterday among the de bris in the hold. Abaft the boiler the engine is jarred and twisted out of posi tion, and some heavy water tanks foiced clear from their beds and hurled several feet. The after deck and after cabins are not much injured, the work of destruction being principally forward. Hie hull prop er of the vessel is not much damaged, and shows evidence ot great strength, the timbers being of full size, and braced on the inside with iron bars running diagonal ly across them ; and but for this bracing, the end of the boiler must have gone com pletely through the bow, in which case the boat would have filled and sunk im mediately, causing probably a greater loss of life than did oconr; and notwithstand ina the terrible wrenching she has re ceived the boar apparently makes no water’ Inspectors Matthews and Boole commence an examination to-day, at their office 23 Pine street, by order of the Sec retarv of the Treasury, to endeavor to as certain the cause of the disaster, THE HOSPITALS AXD THE MORGUE YESTER DAY. The large lamp which hangs over those stone steps leading down from the sidewalk of Twenty-sixth street into the sepulchre known as the Morgue, was lighted again at dusk last evening to show the people the passage-way into the room from whence they could obta : n a full view of the faces of the dead. It was not until the darkness of night came on that the crowds began to fall off and the excitement began to abate, ONS HUNDRED THOUSAND PERSONS VISIT THE MORGUE. Probably not less than ooe hundred thousand persons passed in and oat at the Morgue during the twenty-four hours end- ing at sunset yesterday. The police were compelled to keep a large body of men organized in the adjacent streets for the purpose of coi-trolling the movements of ite populace. They wero formed in line aoross Twentj-sixth street at Second ave nue, and the jrowd of people was fed out in a single 6t"eam like grain out of an im mense hopper. This stream reached from aline of police down to the door of the Morgue, a distance of one-fourth of a mile, and, in retiring, it took the opposite side walk, as no one was allowed to pass on beyond the Morgue, in the direction of the East river. Policemen were also stationed at different points along the line to pre serve perfect order and preve.it the rank from doubling up. Olten the whole line had to be brought to a dead stop while a new body was being taken in and laid out for identification. Then the current would begin to flow along again, like a sluggish river. At least three-fourths of the peo ple in tho lioo were women, niost of them poorly dressed, some with out any bonnets on their heads, and it was very evident that most of them had come our merely to gratify a miserable curiosity. There were also many ladies who were richly dressed, and oocassionally thov would be leading two or three little children. Tho officers who had bocn standing on duty watching this stream al most uninterruptedly, ever since it first began to move, were enabled at last to tell pretty nearly evoty person who had tho slightest expectation cf identifying any of the dead, and many times they took in dividuals very severely to task, especially those who had Drought along families of young children, to gaze on tho horriblo spectacle. Said a tall, erect policemen to a lady dressed in fino silks and holding three little children, “ Madam, you can’t get them children through down there, so what’s the use of wasting your time in this procession ?” Tho woman was shamed, for she knew sho was there sim ply to gratify a morbid curiosity, and orloring to the cars, sho fell out of the line, crossed over to the other side of the street, and passed out with the returning procession. Then tho policeman would bogin to point out persons in tho lino who had been going round and round all day, tailing in at tho rear as soon as they made one circuit. Most of these persons were old women, who appeared to become hys terical as soon as they got in sight of the bodies, trembling, bowing, wringing their hands, and moving their lips as if mutter ing prayers. They were shown no indul gence alter they once reaohed tho door of the Morgue. There were two lines ol po licemen, who passed the lino steadily on, and if they delayed after looking at tho bodies they wero carried along by main force to tho door, when another lino of policemen took them up and passed them acioss the street, with an injunction not to stop to rest until they had got back to Second avenue, outside tho police line. LAST NIGHT IN THE MORGUE. At 6 o’clock last evening four unrecog nized bodies still remained in the Morgue —a woman, man and little boy and girl. The woman ar.d girl were reoognized as Mrs. Grctc'.ien Masch, and her daughter Mary, residing in Fifty-sixth street, be tween Tenth and Eleventh avonuos. They were recognized by her brother-in-law. The husband is homo, both his hands and side burned. Tho man was reoognized by his sister as James Costello. On Saturday night sho requested him to acoompany her next day to Staten Island to visit her sister, but on some pretenso ho refused, but prom ised to go the following Sunday. Ho boarded with a married sister, and early Sunday morning left tbo house, failing to mention where ho was going- Not having returned at night, his sister beoame anx ious, and after fruitless inquiries oon oluded to visit the Morgue, but scarcely dreaming that he was there. Having arrived, the first body that met her gaze was her brother, a fine young fellow about thirty years of age, the hair scalded off the front portion of his head, but his countenance bore a placid, resigned look. Having carried him to the dcad-houso jt was foand impossible to find a box suffi ciently large to hold bis body, and ho was crammod into a little space, with his head and shoulders protruding over the edgo of the box, to await the arrival ot a larger oue. John AV, Risley, 28 years, employed as a clerk at 239 Fifth avenue, but residing in Atlantio City, N. J., died in St. Luke’s Hospital yesterday morning from the ter rible burns and scalds he had reoeived. His courage was noble, and despite the fearful extent of bis injuries lie walked from AVhitehall street to the Park Hos pital, refusing to go in an ambulance, say ing, “ The poor women and children want them all.” After having a temporary dressing put on his wounds there he took a carriage for a boarding house up town, where, sinking rapidly during the night, he was taken to St. Luke’s Hospital, where he died. He was an only son of his pa rents. Mrs. Johanna AValmer, of 5 Carmine street, went to the Morgue yesterday and recognized oue of the bodies »Lora « a time v( August, sierairmand, a German tailor, 54 years old, who resided in her bouse. A burial permit was granted to Mis. AValmer by Mr. Toal, the Coroner’s clerk. Telegraphic Summary Paris, August 4, noon.—Negotiations are in progress betweon Deputies of the Left Centro and Right of tho Assembly in reference to the prolongation ot tho powers ot M. Thiers as ohief executive. The Assembly will bo questioned to-day concerning the alleged appointment of tho Duko of Charters of the offieers in tho Algerian forces. Madrid, August 4, noon.—The Official Journal promulgates the law recmtly passed in the Cortcp, authorizing the Government to grant general amnesty for political offenses. London, August 3.— The oaueus of the Left Centro voted 190 to 5 to make M. Thiers President for two years and to al low him to choose a Vice-President and President of the Counsels—Ministers to bo responsible, but Thiers not. This proposition will be submitted to the As sembly next week. A Holland firm has sold, in Frankfort on-the Main, bonds of tbo Rockford & St. Louis Railroad to the value of Dine million dollars. The transaction is a swindle. In vestigation has been instituted. Versailles, August 4, night.—ln the Assembly tc-day, the committee upon the subject made a report rooommeuding that tho Stato assume the burthens of prov inces which were invaded by tho Germans. Thiers, to tho surprise of many Deputies and amid much excitement, spoke in teims of vigorous opposition to the report. Ho said the amount ot c’aims it would im pose upon the Republic could not pos ibly be less than one million francs—a sum which the Treasury was quite unable to pay. He oould not give bis assent to the rlan of the committee, and was only wil ling to afford rolief to the pcoplo of in vaded departments who were actually in need. New Orleans, August 4.—The reso lution calling a Republican State Conven tion not designating the place ot assem bly, the State Central Committco met last night for the purpose of making a se lection. Tho committee, after much wrangling, passed a resolution directing tho President to procure a suitablo place of meeting, and give notice through the Republican od Tuesday morning. The city journals assert that a few weeks since the expenses of the City Hall were $5 000, but were increased last week to $12,000. The Republican, of this morning, sug gests that the Administrator of Improve ments employ 500 or 1,000 men, for a week, on work to strengthen the levtep, as this is the season that gales eomo upon us. Tho other city journals call this a pretext to reinforce the Warmouthites. The Times, of this morning, editorially says “ that the war for supremacy be tweeu the Warmouthites and Dunnitcs progresses in this city with a ferocity, vindictiveness and unscrupulousncss never beforo equalled by aDV party or f'acfiou contest in this State. The wholo Radical party, including every office-holder of the Federal, State and City Governments, is absorbed in this combat. Public business and interests are utterly ignored and the public money ruthlessly squandered to promote tho fortunes of the one or the other faction. Every species ot fraud do ceit, violence and trickery is employed to the same end. The police are relieved from the duty for which they arc hired, aDd ordered to spread themselves over the city to break up tho clubs of the adverse faction and control all primary meetings. Tho general order is to beat the Custom House party, by whatever means may be necessary,” Cincinnati, August 4.—Senator Sher man, in addressing thejExchange, intimat ed that the coming session of Congress would simplify the spirit tax, making but one tax. New York, August 4.— Base ball— Stars, 26; Savannahs, 7. Six sunstrokes occurred yesterday. The yachct Sappho is ashore in Hell Gate. The steamer Providence ran into three schooners within an hour daring Wednes day night’s fog. Springfield, Mass., August 4.—Dr. W. G. Brook has recovered ten thousand dollars from the Connecticut River Rail road for iDjcrios reoaived. Breck claimed forty thousand. St. Louis, August 4.—Tho employees of the Vulcan Don Works have struck— dissatisfied with the superintendent. Long Branch, August 4.—Experience Oaks won the August stakes. Time, 1:48. Salina won tho Robins’ stakes. Time, 3:401 and 41. In the third race, Helmbold distanced all. Time, 7:50j. Traok heavy. AVABniNGTON, August 4. —An injunction as been granted restraining the Distriot of Columbia from issuing bonds for four millions. Recruits are ordered to the Far AVest, to watch the Indians. Citizens of the United States are advised by the State Department, before going abroad, to obtain passports. No fees are now charged tor them. Naturalized citi zens should send authenticated copies of tiieir naturalization papers with their ap plication. Louisville, August 4, noon.—Four tlleged Ku-Klux have been brought from Estcll, including Gapt. Bruce Thomas, whom Payne, who recently turned State’s ev.dtnoe, named as tho Captain. Thomas claims that the Payne testimony is tho re sult of a conspiracy. Tho other three ore oharged with whipping a white woman in Powell county. The United States Com missioner examines them to-day. Charleston, August 4. —Tho official oount shows that tho munioipal election of Wednesday resulted in the choice of the Citizens’ candidate, Gen. JohD A. Wage ner, by a majority of 777 rotes over Gil lert Pillsbury, tho present Republican Mayor. Tho entiro Citizens’ ticket is elected by about the same majority. London, August 5, noon.—The steam cr Spain, on her trial trip, easily attained tho speed of fourteen and a quarter knots per hour. A dispatch sent by the Emperor Alex ander, of Russia, to Empress Eugenie, after Sedan, hae been made public, Alex ander said ho would intervene on the basis of preserving tho integrity of French ter ritory. This intention, howover, was spoiled by the treaty of September 4th. All theso things are facts, notwithstand ing their denial by Republicans. The Count and Countess of Paris havo gone to Paris. Tho ship White Jacket, from Bombay for Hull, was totally wrecked in the.lndian ocean. Versailles, August 5.— A commitico of tho Assombly reported unfavorably upon tho proposition to transfer tho Chamber to Paris. It is said the question of prolongation of the powers of Thiers, as Chief Executive, will bo allowod to go by default. The siege of Paris will bo raised on tbo 15th instant. The Government will soon introduoo in the Assembly bills against the Internation al Society. Versailles, August 5, night.—ln tho Assembly tc-day, tho bill to iiuposo a tax on the incomes of natives and resident for eigners came up and gave riso to an ani mated debate. No notion was takon. Tho Assembly also considered tho bill to indem nify citizens for loss of property during tho German invasion. Thiers spoke several time-', and was frequently interrupted. lie was visibly affcoteJ, and bittorly rc proaolu and tho members, lie declared ho was willing to relieve, but not indemnity, those who had suffored during tbo war. Without disposing of tho bill, the Cham ber r djourned until Tuesday. Montreal, August 5. —Cuban enlist ments ointinuo tho excitement of tho hour. Yesterday two filibusters pcaoh ed, whereupon Major Wm. Robinson and James L S'crns, both members of tho Prinoo of \V alos Rifles, were arrested, Sterns was held and Robinson bailed. City of Mexico* July 30, via Havana, August 5.—T10 permanent deputation of Congress finished counting the electoral votes for Preaidont on tbo 27th instant. The following is tho result: Diaz, 1,982; Juarez, 1,963; Lerdo, 1,366. There boing no ohoicc, acoording to the Constitution the election goes to Congress, whero, if a coalition of the opponents of Juarez is effected, the majority will bo against him. Au attompt will bo made to unito tho votes of tho opposition on Diaz. Tho per manent deputation is known to bo hostile to Juarez. The enemies of Juarez report that ho purposes to bribe doubtful Con gressmen and imprison others beforo they can reach the capital. New York, August 5.- Mayor Hall and Comptroller Connelly have called upon the Chamber ol Cemmoroo for a ooro mitteo to investigate the city accounts and finances. Senator Abbott, of North Carolina, telegraphs: “We carried tho State by 10,000 or 15,000 majority.” Elmira, August 5.— A oolorod man, mistaking a mulatto for a negro of whom he was jealous, shot the mulatto dead. New York, August 5 —Tho steamer George Washington arrived to-day with the first bale of now crop of oottun from New Orleans. The Sun professes to have autbentio in formation of tho sale arrival on tho Eland of another large quantity of arms and am munition. Tho vossol whioh convoyed this much needed assistance to tho Cu bans left neighboring port on tho 15tb, and her cargo was safely dolivered in Cuba the 29th ult. Tho oargo oonsisted of one thousand Springfield and Reming ton rifles, 160,000 metalie cartridges, two tons powder, half ton of sulphur, 700,00 Q percussion caps, 200 hand grenados, 200 mache’es, and two twclvc-pounder field liipnsfl. Wilmington, August 5. —Indications seem more favorablo tc-day for tho defeat of the convention by a very small majority. Republicans claim tho Stato by fivo thou sand tofiftccn thousand majority, while tho Conservatives still think tho issue is in doubt, with the ohanocs in their favor. Returns only in from about one-third of the oountics, and they arc not official. Newbern, August s.— John T. Picker: oil, tho New York Banker, was brought beforo Judgo Rodman, of tho Supremo Court, by a writ of habeas corpus, in this eity, on Thursday. After hearing tho oasc the prosecutors agreed to enter a nolle prosequi, and submit all questions of account to arbitration, provided Piokerell would not sue them for damages. This was scoopted by Pickercll and all the par ties returned to Wilmington. San Francisco, August 5. —Abraham KenniDg, tho old President of Arizona, was murdered at Camp Wood by tho Apache Mojaro Indians, whom he had sod for six months, bcoauso ho refused to furnish them with amunition. Tegro Lode, in tho Bradshaw distriot of Arizona, is pronounced equal iu rich ness to the Comstock Lode. Brooks, a merchant of Sncllings, in Mercer oounty, has disappeared suddenly from the Cosmopolitan, in this city, and as he was in possession of a largo sum of money and many valuables, it is feared that ho has been murdered- He was a native of Rochester. San Francisco, August s. —Negotiations are pending to tunnel tho Sierra Nevada Mountains, saving a tiiousand feet of grade. St. Louis, August 5. —A formidable In dian raid, under Sitting Bull, consisting of one thousand lodges, are raiding Galla tin Valley, Montana. Milwaukie, August 5. — A meeting of the managers of railroads and steamboats decided to make uniform the tariff from Mississippi points to Milwaukie. New York, August s.—Wm. Orton, President of the Western Union Telegraph, is ill witls typhoid fever. Long Branch, August s.—King John won steeple chase. Time, 1:47. He was a short ncok ahead of Vesuvius. Climax won the railo beats. Time, 1:501, 1:525, 2:02*. SUNDAY NIGHT DISPATCHES. FOREIGN. London, August 6. —Dublin authorities forbid a nublio meeting to demand the re lease of Irish political offenders. New York, August 9. —San Domingo advicos report that Baez is distributing among Haytien insurgents and tho parti sans of the late Salnave arms and muni tions received from New York, and that the Haytien Government has ordered fivo thousand troops to tbo frontier, with orders to shoot every one found under arms. Baez, in his recent engagement with Cabral, took fourteen prisoners, r.ll of whom wera shot immediately. Cabi ,1 retook Bao Miguel, and with tho provi sional government in tho south of tho Island, will recommcoee active operations against Batz. Haytien craps promise a good yield, COMMERCIAL REVIEW. New Yoke. August o. Cotton lias been heavy and prioes have declined, both for spot and future cottons. Sales of the week reached 82,000 bales, of which 74,000 bales were fer future delivery and 8,000 on the spot and to arrive. Os I lie the spot cotton, exporters took about 900 bales, spinners 3 250, aDd speculators 80. Hog products have been heavy, and closed at a further deoliuo. Beef products havo been quiet. Tobacco has been active for export at steady prices. Petroleum and naval stores declined. Hops, hay, wool, tallow and ingot copper have been firm. In other domestic products there are no features of interest to note. FROM NEVV YORK. Buffalo, August C.- -Tho celebrated trotting mare, Purity, wbilo exorcising on the driving park this morning, dropped dead from heat. Goldsmith made 2:191 this morning, while exercisiog. The first entire negro jury over held in Erie county triod two abandoned negro women and cleared them. FROM CALIFORNIA. San Francisco, August 6.—There was an Italian demonstration to-day in honor of the oocnpation of Rome by Victor Emanuel. No disturbances, and no in scriptions carried to wound Oatholio feel ing. The police had made extra precau tions, but there was no necessity of their interference. NEW COTTON. • SA 7t?n AU ’ A '»* u » t *>. —Sanders, Good win & Miller received to-day tho first bale of new cotton It was raisod by P. O. Craddock, of Jefferson oounty, Florida,
