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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1866-1877 | View Entire Issue (July 23, 1873)
OLD SERIES VOL LXXX NEW SERIES VOL. XXXVII. (Tfjromctf anb Sentinel. WEDNESDAY .. JULY 23, 1873. TEKMH. THK DAILY CHRONICLE A HKNTINEL. the oldest tiewMpi|icr in the South, in published daily, except Monday. Terms : Per year, $lO : six mouths. $5; three months, $2 50. THE TUI-WEEKLY CHRONICLE ft SENTI NEL in published every Tuesday. Thursday arid Saturday. Terms: Oie year, $5 ; nix months, $2 50. O HL W EEKLY CHRONICLE ft SENTINEL is puhliniied every Wednesday. Terms: One year, $2 ; aix months, il. HOESCUIPTIONS in all cases in advance, and no paper continued after the expiration of the time paid for. RATES OF ADVERT ISINO IN DAILY.—AII transient advertisements will bo charged at the rate of $1 persquare for each insertion for the first week. Advertisements in the lyi Weekly, two-thirds of the rates in the Dally : arid in the Weekly, one-half the Daily rates. Marriage and Funeral Notices $1 each. Special Notices, $1 per square for the first publication. Special rates will be made for advertisements running for a month or longer. REMITTANCES should be made by Post Office •Money Order or Express. If this cannot be j done, protection against losses by mail may ; lie secured by forwarding a draft payable to the Proprietors of the Chbosici.e and ‘ Si \ rlMir. or by sending the money in a registered letter. Address WALSH ft WRIGHT, ( inn .i. i.k ft Skmim.i.. Augusta, Ga. TIIE CREDIT OF GEORGIA. When the Nutting Bond Bill was up Before the Legislature last Winter, we remember distinctly with what ill-favor it. was received by certain parties. The credit of the State was said to be in a , sad plight; its bonds were going down ! rapidly in Now York; and its new prom- ; ises to pay could not be negotiated on account of the failure of the State to meet its just (?) obligations. This was j the cry of the croakers and greasers who j were paid to favor and to advocate the | bond compromise. Desperate egorts ! were made to manufacture a public opin- I ion in favor of Clews and his confede- j rates, who were willing to exchange : some eight millions of bogus issue j for about one million and a half ! of genuine bonds. But the compro- j mine measure met with no open ad- ! vocates in either House, and so it fell | still-born. All sorts of evil predictions I were, however, made by parties in the ! interest of the ring to the effect that the | Nutting bonds would have to be sacri- ! Heed in order to effect a sale. And the j bogus bondholders in New York—Bus- ! ■sell Sage & Cos., Duncan, Sherman & j Cos., and others—-agreed and resolved | among themselves that no Georgia sc- I curities would be negotiated on the New j York market until the compromise was accepted and the stain of repudiation I wiped out; and further, that if Georgia ! settled up, their influence would bo | used and their credit given to re-estali- j lisli the financial integrity of the State, j 'These threatening resolutions and fair promises were flashed over the wires to Atlanta and published in the papers. The “equity” journals spread them- [ selves upon the disastrous consequences ! to- the State in ease these powerful I bankers determined to excommunicate j as it were the State of Georgia from the | linaneial centres. They favored delay, I :l reopening of the question, a further j investigation of the “equities” of tho i case; in fact, anything rather than tho J public credit should be destroyed, j Despite the threats and the blandish-1 inents of the bondholders, the im portunities of interested and paid ad vocates, and the fears and vaporiugs of j timid time-servers and place-hunters, J the Legislature stood linn, and refused nny action, however remote, lookiugto a , .reopening of the bond question. Nut-| ting's bill passed and one million two hundred thousand dollars eight per ■rent, non-taxable bonds were issued, iiiwl placed upon the market about the Ist of April. The result is most flatter ing. Col. John Jones is authority for stating that seven hundred thousand dollars of these bonds have been sold at par. Os this amount only fifty thous and dollars have been sold out of the State, and one hundred and fifty thous and dollars exchanged for old bonds.— ■'There are five hundred thousand dollars vot to lie sold. This is certainly grati fying, and establishes the credit of our State, It proves that our own people have full confidence in its honesty and ability to assume and liquidate every debt. This home confidence is so strong and vigorous that it must produoe n correspondingly healthy feeling abroad, despite the efforts of rings to injure us. Seven hundred thous and dollars having been negotiated in three months, at a time when there is a stringency in money matters, it is fair to presume that the remaining 8500,000 will so übo disposed of. As an iuvest uuont, these bonds afford the safest, not •only m the State but in the South, and should readily command par. Eight ■per cent., without tax of any kind, is a fair and certain return for money at in terest. it is, perhaps, more than any railroad stock in the State is paying, •a.!ul excepting fancy and favored stocks, these State bonds are the best security for judicious people to put their money in. No l letter investment can be found in which to place trust estate and other funds of a fiduciary character. In this acotincction we eougra'ulate the State in having in the Treasurer's office a gen tleman like Col. John Jones—tried, faithful and efficient. thk twelfth ok JULY. Tlio Uaitle of the Boyne took place near Boyne river, oountv Meath, Ire land, outlie Ist of July. 1690, between William, Priuee of Orange, at the head of a combined fonee of English, Dutch and allied detachments from other king doms, and King James the Second, with an invading French and Irish refugee sirmv. The battle was decisive, result- ■; ing in the defeat of James, who tied to France, and left his son-in-law, Wil liam the Third, i'nnee of Orange, on the throne of England. Thousands of the bravest and best of Ireland's souses-. path a ted themselves and emigrated to France, Austria and Spain, where they , won fer themselves imperishable renown in the civil and military service of those countries. Over one hundred years after tl*> battle of the Boyne, in 1795, this Orange Society was formed in Ireland, but was suppressed by act of Parliament in 1836. The object of it is to persecute Homan Catholics and to uphold Pro testant supremacy and kingly rule in Great Britain and Ireland. Eternal al legiance to Oreat Britain is on* .of the main planks iu the Orange platform. The twelfth of July is the day upon which their anniversary is celebrated in gommemoratiou of King William’s vic tor y. Their first parade in New York two pears ago was attended with a bloody r'iot, iu which many persons lost their live*. The celebration last year passed off quietly. The telegraph has not yet informed afi of the particulars of their third display. VVe have our opin ions, decided convictions rather, upon the impropriety of these displays. True, this is a fr ee country, and every citizen has a right to the free enjoyment of ali ibis rights and privileges, one of which is to become a member of different ■charitable, religious, civil and military organizations, or let it alone, just as he I pleases. Societies and companies or ganized for charitable, social and pa triotic purposes exist all over the land, and their members have a right to pa rade, dressed in tlieir uniforms or re galias, as the case may be. But here is a society, every member of which is a sworn supporter of the British Govern ment—men who are not citizens and who never can become citizens of the United j States as long as they belong to this ' foreign society parading through 1 the streets of u crowded city with ' their banners floating to the breeze, and their regalias, and their music, all reviving bitter memories and insulting in the last degree to a people who fled to avoid the burning wrongs and contu inches suffered at the hands of these j same people in their own country. Hav ing expatriated themselves and become citizens of the United States, they have j a right to be protected from the insults J of foreigners in what is now their own country, since they are American citi zens. The Orangemen, not being citi zens, have no right to parade with in sulting devices and banners when there is danger of provoking a conflict which may end, as it has already done, in riot and bloodshed. A party of Americans either in Liver pool or London xvould be arrested, and perhaps imprisoned, if they undertook the fool-hardy effort of celebrating by a public parade the surrender of Cornwal lis at Yorktown, or the commemoration of any other event in American history, where the British arms met with defeat and disaster. And yet the Americans would have just as much right to insult Englishmen in London as Orangemen (British subjects) have to insult the Irish- Americans of New York. These people should leave their feuds and their preju dices on the other side of the Atlantic and become peaceable and law-abiding residents of this country so long us it may suit their convenience and interest to remain in it. BEAUREGARD AND UNIFICATION. Unification is what the advocates of the movement in Louisiana term their new departure in politics for the rescue of their State from the present rascally regime. We have pretty much the same opinion of the present movement in Louisiana as we had of the Reform movement in South Carolina a few years since. While we could not and did not approve of their platform, which was of the pepper and salt complexion, we de termined that if the people of Carolina could stand it we could. If there was in the movement, should it prove suc cessful, anything which would bring relief to the tax-ridden and plundered people of our sister State, we had no heart to amlmsh and bushwhack our own friends by firing in their rear wliile they were engaged with a powerful, wily, unscrupulous and vandal foe. The Re form movement in South Carolina had the sympathies and earnest co-operation of the best people in that State. Why should we people of Georgia repudiate and denounce Hampton and Butler and Kershaw for making a square, manly ef fort to redeem tlieir State from Radical misrule ? They failed but they dis charged what they conceived to be their duty. Had they been successful a dif ferent condition of affairs would now exist in South Carolina. Now comes poor Loaisiana—outraged, plundered bleeding, from tho political vultures that have been gnawing at her vitals. Gen. Beauregard and other prominent citizens have adopted a plat form upon which the white man and the black can stand together and rescue the State from the usurpers and robbers. Wo don’t like the platform here in Geor gia. It would not suit our people. There is too much black and tan in it. But Georgia is not like Louisiana. Georgia is a white man’s State—the white people are largely in the majority. Louisiana was a white man’s State, but the complexion is now badly mixed, black being the predominant color. The case is a desperate one, and requires des perate remedies. Tho white people of Louisiana know tlieir own business best. If they think relief can come to them by compromisingwith the respectable colored element why this line aud cry from against the the new movement from outsiders. The gallant soldier and accomplished gentle man Beaurgard, who fought the battles of his country, is villified by men who sought safety during the war in bomb proofs. Social equality and amalgama tion are prophesied as the inevitable results of this unification movement. But these are the frotliings of dreamers. There never can and there never will be in any State of this Southern country any i such thing as the practical social equali ty and amalgamation of the two races. Law’ after law may be en acted, but the laws of nature and of God are more powerful than the laws of man. There is no sncli thing as social equali ty, even among white men. Every man and woman have their standard and people form themselves into different circles or grades, which are exclusive and arbitrary. This is the ease with white people. And it is scarcely to be ex pected that the blacks will enjoy any greater privileges in this respect than the whites, who are excluded from cir cles to which neither their culture uor their breeding entitle them to enter. Amalgamation, except among the lowest and most degraded of both classes, is an impossibility. We have no fear of the evils anticipated by some of our cotemporaries resulting from this unification movement. We don’t advocate it. We want none of it in our stomach. But if the people of Louisiana can stand it, why we don’t sec that it is any of our business. We certainly shall not fire in their rear while such a man a* Gen. Beauregard heads the movement for the purpose of driv ing Kellogg and his thieving crew from power. Unification may be a very good j thing for Louisiana. It would never do for Georgia. DEADHEADING THE PRESS. The New York Tribune administers a just and sharp rebuke to the Western journalists who roundly abused the re cent Chicago musical jubilee because the managers failed to tender them the | usual •‘courtesies,’" i. free passes for themselves ami families. The Tribune tells these gentlemen that they should abandon the quid pro quo principle in their treatment of public amusement® as they should abandon it iu the treatment of every other public matter. The Tri bune is right. The time has come when the press—especially the daily press—of the country should have done with dead headism. The Western editors should have paid for iheir tickets, and if the (jubilee was bad—and most jubilees are— they should have said so; if it was good, their papers should have informed the public of the fact. But they should not have praised it, if poor, because they en tered without paying; neither should they have condemned it, if good, be cause they had to pay for their tickets like Jones, the dry goods merchant, and Fierifacias, the attorney. Let newspa per men pay for what they eat, drink, j we*. s#d see, foot their hotel bills and railway expenses, and let their views be i uninfluenced by eapr£esies or favors. SUING A STATE. Some time since we gave a synopsis of 5 an opinion rendered by Mr. Reverdy Johnson in the matter of the Special Tax bonds issued by the State of North : Carolina. Mr. Johnson, after athorough investigation and an elaborate review of the facts of the case, gave it as his opin i ion that the bondholders had not only a good but a complete remedy. In order to get the interest paid upon the bonds ! which they held they had only to apply to the District Court of the United States for a mandamus to be directed to the Comptroller General of the State, requiring him to levy a tax for the pay ment of past due and maturing coupons. Mr. Johnson’s opinion was sustained and approved by another great lawyer, Mr. Caleb Cushing, and the bondholders have determined to act upon the advice of their eminent counsel. The dis patch, which we published on Sunday morning, stated that Mr. Johnson had been instructed to commence proceed ings at once against the State for the collection of the debt. At last, then, we may expect an authoritative decision upon a clear case made of the great ques tion, can a State be sued? Mr. Johnson and Mr. Cushing are two men who have made tho study of law the labor of a life-time. To great natural ability they have united a perseverance and an industry uncommon even in the ranks of the profession to which they belong. It is, therefore, with great diffidence that we venture to intimate they are wrong in the position which they have as sumed. They start upon the broad ground that the constitutional inhibi tion against suing a State is wrong, and they believe that the current of the de cisions shows that their belief is shared | by the highest judicial tribunal in the land. Let us briefly recite the facts of the case. The bonds were issued in accordance with an act of the Legisla ture of North Carolina, and at the same time an act was passed, requiring a special tax to be levied annually for the payment of the interest accruing on the obligations. A succeeding Legislature repealed this act, and, in effect, dis owned the bonds. But, say Messrs. Johnson and Cushing, the repealing act came after the negotiation of the bonds, it deprived bona fide purchasers for value of vested rights, and it is, therefore, retroactive, unconstitu tional, null and void. Very well. Now the theory upon which these learned lawyers proceed is this, viz: that though there is an amendment to the Constitution of the United States which prevents a State being dragged into a court of justice like an ordinary debtor, still such amendment is wrong and will be evaded by the Courts, though they dare not disregard it open ly. Gathering the bias of the Court from the case of Gaines vs. Chisolm and the case against the Auditor of Ohio, they assert that unless the State is by name a party to the record the suit will be sustained and jurisdiction will be retained. Then if it is shown satis factorily to the Court that the State is the real party to the proceeding, or if affairs take such a turn that the Court will be compelled to notice the fact that the State is a party, jurisdiction of the cause will not be assumed. We will an ticipate the progress of events, and sup pose that Mr. Johnson, in behalf of the bondholders, makes application to the District Court of the United States for the District of North Carolina for a writ of mandamus to be directed to the Comptroller General or other proper officer of the State. Let us fur ther suppose that the Judge before whom the matter is brought issues a mandamus nisi, and that in obedience to the precept the Comptroller appears aud shows that the act which he has been ordered to execute has been repeal ed by the same authority by which it had been enacted. Mr. Johnson would at once reply that the act of repeal was unconstitutional; that it was retroactive in its features, and that its provisions sought to abrogate the rights of inno i cent purchasers for value without no j tice. Perhaps Mr. Johnson would be | right. Perhaps the Court would sus | tain Mr. Johnson’s view of the question, i and this is a less violent presumption. ] But would not the return of the Comp ] troller, would not the argument of coun sel all show, even to a Court more ob | tuse than United States Courts usually j are, that the State of North Carolina was j a party to the record—the real party, the j only party. Could a Judge, even of an : United States Court, be thick-headed ! enough to maintain, after passing upon j the constitutionality of this act, after J ordering a levy to be made upon prop ! erty belonging to a State in order to pay a debt adjudged to be due by the State, that the State was not the real defend and in the case ? Most assuredly not. Mr. Johnson will soon discover his mis take. He xvill learn from the event that his fine spun theories will not stand the test, and that liis effort to substitute an officer of the State for the sovereign power itself will not be successful. THE STATE UNIVERSITY. “Bugby’s” communication on the vacations of the State University is of interest not so much to the general reader as to the students and professors of that institution. While we fully con cur with our correspondent in his views as to the disadvantages and drawbacks of Winter and Summer vacation, and the consequent loss of valuable time and money to the students, it seems to us that the Board of Trustees, upon representation of the injurious effects of the present vacations, would seethe pro priety and necessity of having but one, and that during July and Au gust, The interruptions to study during a vacation of several weeks in Winter work serious detriment to the advancement of the student. The expe rience of the oldest professors is in favor of Summer vacations, and therules of all the prominent Universities in the country conform to this experience. CORONERS-' JURIES. The verdict, or rather the recommend ation of the coroner's jury iu the Good rich murder case, has started a discus sion of the question whether or not cor oners’ juries should be abolished. The jury which sat in the Goodrich case very frankly state their belief that they did no good, and their opinion that the cor oner's jury has outlived its period of use fulness. It seems to us, from a hasty view of the subject, that the Brooklyn jury is uot altogether wrong. There are cases where an inquest is very necessary proceeding, and there are also other cases iu which a country magistrate could perform the work much more thorough ly and efficiently. It is a matter where much may be said on each side of the question. Columbus, thus far, has received 57,- 563 bales of cotton —17,181 more than last year. The ex-cadets and ex-professors of the Georgia Military Jnstitate are invited to meet iu Atlanta', September Ist. There was a meeting of the Bar Asso ciation of Fulton county last evening, to take into consideration the matter of a fee bill, the subject of having a Criminal Court in Atlanta, and the propriety of dividing the business of the Superior Court of that county between two Judges. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 23, 1573. BKAYE WORDS PROM AN OLD DEMOCRAT. Hon. Allen G. Thurman, of Ohio, in a reeeut interview with a correspondent, gave his views at some length upon the present status of the Democratic party. He speaks hopefully of the future. In reference to what is known as the Allen county movement, another sort of new departure, Mr. Thurman thinks it a mistake. He says that if the Demo cratic party should ever conclude to dis band its organization, its purpose to do so will not be left in doubt. No such dissolution could take place unless the great mass of the party was thoroughly convinced that it ought to take place. Were they so convinced the organization would be abandoned at once, not in this or that spot, but all over the country. But we see nothing of the kind. In every State the party maintains its or ganization, and the talk about abandon ing is not the talk of the masses, but of politicians, and the masses will never be brought to abandon by being told that their party is odious, that there is an odor of treason about it and the like offensive expressions that are frequently heard or seen in the papers. They regard such talk as an insult, and the only effect is to make them ad here to the party with more tenacity.— Too much stress is laid upon the fact that the party has been constantly de feated for the last twelve years. Its op ponents, under one name or another— Federalists, National Republicans or Whigs—had been defeated for more than three times in twelve years ; yet they ultimately triumphed in 1840, and again in 1848, and again in 1860. If they could persevere, although defeated so often and for such long periods, the Democratic party could also persevere. Borne people supposed that all that was necessary to be done in order to secure success was to drop the name of Demo crat ; but nothing could be more errone ous. What good had resulted to the Fede ral party by dropping its name and tak ing that of National Republicans, after wards abandoning that for Whig ? A mere change of name effects nothing, and an attempt by politicians to form a new party with no higher object than success, never did and never will suc ceed. The Democrats and Liberal Re publicans might well enough act to gether, and it would not be the fault of the Democracy if they did not. It was mere slaug to talk about Bourbon De mocracy. To apply such au epithet to a party that could sacrifice its pride and prejudice, as the Democratic party did last year, was simply injustice and abuse. LEE AT APPOMATTOX. A Personal Reminiscence by a Confed erate Artillery Officer. [Southern Review, Baltimore.] Col. Fremantle, of the British army, who was with the Confederate forces in the Gettysburg campaign, was one of the first to give the world an idea of the magnanimity and unselfishness which so adorned the other noble qualities of heart and head by which the name of General Lee had, within twelve months before, become world-renowned. In an article in Blackwood’s Magazine for September, 1863, he describes a scene of which the present writer was a witness, aud which is here given in full, not only for its own intrinsic interest, but as a preface to another personal reminis cence of Gen. Lee at the surrender of Appomattox Court House, illustrating in perhaps even a stronger light the same calm and high spirit, unruffled by any disaster, even forgetful of self, and ever mindful of others and of duty. Col. Fremantle, speaking of the charge of Pickett’s division at Gettysburg, writes: “Soon afterwards I joined General Lee, who in the meanwhile came to the front on being informed of the extent of the disaster. If Longstreet’s conduct was admirable, that of General Lee was perfectly sublime. He was engaged in rallying and in encouraging the broken troops, and was riding about a little in front of the wood quite alone, the whole of his staff being engaged in a similar manner further to the rear. His face, which is always placed and cheerful, did not show signs of the slightest disap pointment, care or annoyance, and he was addressing to every soldier ho met a few words of encouragement, such as ‘All will come right in the end; we will talk it over afterwards, but in the mean time all good men must rally. We want all good and true men just now,’ &c. He spoke to all the wounded men that passed him, and tlxe slightly wounded he exhorted ‘to bind up tlieir hurts and take a musket’ iu this emergency. Very few failed to answer this appeal, and I saw many badly wounded men take off their hats and cheer him.” “He said to me; ‘This has been a sad day for us, Colonel, a sad day; but we can’t expect always to gain victories.’ He was also kind enough to advise me to get into some more sheltered position. “Notwithstanding the misfortune which had so suddenly befallen him, Geu. Lee seemed to observe everything, however, trivial. When a mounted officer began licking liis horse for shying at the bursting of a shell, he called out, ‘Don’t whip him, Captain; don’t whip him. I’ve got such another foolish horse myself and whipping does no good.’ “I happened io see a man lying flat on his face in a small ditch aDd I re marked that I did not think he seemed dead. This drew General' Lee’s atten tion to the man, who commenced groan ing dismally. Finding appeals to his patriotism of no avail, Gen. Lee had him ignominouslv set on his legs by some neighboring gunners. “I saw Gen. Wilcox (an officer who wears a short round jacket aud a batter ed straw bat) .come up to him and ex plain, almost crying, the state of his brigade. Gen. Lee immediately shook hands with him and said, cheerfully; •Never mind, General, all this has been my fault. It is I that have lost this tight, and you just help me out of it the best you can.’ “Iu this manner I saw General Lee encourage and reanimate his somewhat dispirited troops, and magnanimously take upon his own shoulders the weight of the repulse. It was impossible to ! look at him or to listen to him without | feeling the strougest admiration, and I j never saw any man fail him, except the man in the ditch.” The morning of the 9th of April, 1865, found the Confederate army in a posi tion in which its inevitable fate was ap parent to everv man in it. The skir mishing which had begun in its front as its advauce guard reached Appomattox Conrt House the night before, had de veloped into a sharp fight, in which the continuous firing of the artillery and the steady increase of the musketry told to ail that a heavy force had been thrown across onr line of march, and that reinforcements to it were steadily arriving. The long trains of wagons and artillery were at first halted in the road, and then parked in the adjoining fields, allowing the rear of the column to close up, and additional troops to pass to the front to reinforce the ad vanced guard and to form a reserve line of battle in their rear, under cover of which they might retire when necessary. While these dispositions were taking place General Lee, who had dismounted and was standing near a fire on a hill about two miles from the Conrt House, called the writer to him and inviting him to a seat on a log near by, referred to the situation and asked, “What shall we Jo this morning ? Although this op portunity of expressing my views was un expected, the situation itself was not; for two days before, while near Farmville iu 1 a consultation with General Leo over his I map, the fact of the enemy’s having the 1 shortest road to Appomattox Court House had been noted and the prob ! ability of serious difficulty there antiei ! pated* and in the meantime there had i been ample opportunity for reflection on ' all of the contingencies that might arise, i Without replying directly to the ques -1 tion, however, I answered first that it 1 was dqe to my command (of artillery) that I should ‘i*dl bin; that they were in ! good spirits, though' short of ammuni | tion and with poor teams, as they had ! ever been, and had begged if it came to i a surrender to be allowed to expend first I every round of ammunition on the ene- my, and surrender only the empty am munition chests. To this General Lee replied that there were only remaining two divisions of infantry sufficiently well organized and strong to be relied upon (Field’s and Malioue’s), aud that they did not number 8,000 muskets together; and that that force was not sufficient to warrant him in undertaking a pitched battle. “Then,” I answered, “General, there are but two alternatives; to sur render, or to order the army to abandon its trains and disperse in the woods and bushes, every mau for himself, and each to make his best way with his arms either to the army of Gen. Johnston in North Carolina, or home to the Gover nor of his State. We have all foreseen the probability of such an alternative for two days, and I am sure I speak the sentiments of many others besides my own in urging that rather than surren der the army you should allow us to disperse in the woods and go, every man for himself.” “What would yon hope,” he asked, “to accomplish by this?” I answered, “If there is any hope at all for the Confederacy, or for the sepa rate States to make terms with the United States, or for any foreign assist ance, this course stands the chances, whatever they may be; while if this army surrenders this morning the Confederacy is dead from that moment. Grant will turn 150,000 fresh men against Johnston, and with the moral effect of onr surren der he will go, and Dick Taylor aud Kirby Smith will have to follow like a row of bricks; while if all take to dis persing in the woods we inaugurate a new phase of the war, which may be in definitely prolonged, and it will at least have great moral effect iu showing that in our pledges to fight it out to the last we meant wliat we said. Aud even, Gen eral, if there is no hope at all in this course or in any other, and if the fate of the Confederacy is sealed whatever we do, there is one other consideration which your soldiers have a right to urge on you, and that is your own military reputation, in which every man in this army, officer or private, feels the utmost personal pride, and has a personal prop erty that his children will prize after him. The Y'ankees brought Grant here from the West, after the failure of all their other generals, as one who had whipped everybody he had fought against, and they call him ‘Uncondition al Surrender Grant,’ and have been brag ging iu advance that you would have to surrender too. Now, General, I think you ought to spare us all the mortifica tion of having you to ask Grant for terms, and have him answer that he had no terms to offer you.” I still remember most vividly the emo tion with which I made this appeal, in creasing as I went on until my whole heart was in it; and it seemed to me at the moment one which no soldier could resist, and against which no considera tion whatever could be urged, and when I closed, after urging my suggestions at greater length than it is necessary to re peat, looking him in the face and speak ing with more boldness than I usually found in his presence, I had not a doubt that he must adopt some such course as had urged. He heard me entirely through, how ever, very calmly, and then asked : “How many men do you estimate would escape if I were to order the army to disperse?” I replied, “I suppose two-thirds of us could get away, for the enemy could not disperse to follow us through the woods. ” He said : “ We have there only about 16,000 men with arms, and not all of those who could get away would join Gen. Johnston, but most of them would try and make their way to their homes and families, and their numbers would be too small to be of any material ser vice, either to Gen. Johnston or the Governors of the States. I recognize fully that the surrender of this army is the end of the Confederacy, but no course we can take can prevent or even delay the result. I have never believed that we would receive foreign assistance, or get our liberties otherwise than by our own arms. The end is now upon us, and it only remains to decide how we shall close the struggle. But in decid ing this question we are to approach it not only as soldiers, but as Christian men deciding all matters which involve a great deal else besides their own feel ings. If I should order this army to dis perse, the men with their arms, but without organization or control, and without provisions or mouey, would soon be wandering through every State in the Confederacy, some seeking to get to their homes and some with no homes to go to. Many would be compelled to rob and plunder as they went to save them selves from starvation, and the ene my’s cavalry would pursue in small detachments, particularly in efforts to catch the general officers, and raid and bum over large districts which they will otherwise never reach ; and the result would be the inaugura tiou of lawlessness and terror, and of organized bands of robbers all over the South. Now, as Christian men, we have not the right to bring this state of affairs upon tne country, whatever the sacrifice of personal pride involved. And as for myself, you young men might go to bushwhacking, but I am too old; and even if it were right for me to disperse the army I should surrender myself to Gen. Grant as the only proper course for one of my years and position. But I am glad to be able to tell you one thing for your comfort. Geu. Grant will not demand an unconditional surrender, but offers us most liberal terms, the parol ing of the whole army not to fight until exchanged.” He then went on to speak of the probable details of the terms of surrender, and to say that about 10, a. m., lie was to meet Gen. Grant in the rear of the army and would then accept the terms offered. Sanguine as I had been when he com menced that he must acquiesce in my views, I had not one word to reply when he had finished. He spoke slow ly and deliberately and with some feel ing, and the completeness of the consid erations he advanced, and which he dwelt on with more detail than I can now recall, speaking particularly of the women and children as the greatest suf ferers in the state of anarchy which a dis persion of the army would bring about, and his reference to what would he his personal course if he did order such dis persion, all indicated that the question was not then presented to his mind for the first time. A short time after this conversation, Gen. Lee rode to the rear of the army to i meet Gen. Grant and arrange the details i of the surrender. He had started about a half-hour when Gen. Fitz Lee sent word to Gen. Longstreet that he had broken through a portion of the enemy’s line, and that the whole army might make its way through. Gen. Longstreet, on hearing this, directed Col. John C. Haskell, of the artillery, who was very finely mounted, to ride after Gen. Lee at utmost speed, killing his horse if neces sary, and recall him before he could reach Gen. Grant. Col. Haskell rode as directed, and a short distance in rear of the army found Gen. Lee and some of his staff dismounted by the roadside. — As he with difficulty checked his horse Gen. Lee came up quickly, asking what what was the matter, but without wait ing for a'reply, said; “Oh, I’m afraid yon have killed your beautiful mare.— What did you ride her so hard for ?” On hearing Gen. Longstreet’s message, he asked some questions about the situa tion, and sent word to Gen. Longstreet to use his own discretion in making any movements ; but he did not himself re turn, and in a short while another mes sage was received that the success of the cavalry under Gen. Fitz Lee was but temporary, and that there was no such gap ifi the enemy’s line as had been sup posed. Soon afterward a message was brought from the enemy’s picket that Gen. Grant had passed around to the front and would meet Gen. Lee at Ap pomattox Court House, and Gen. Lee accordingly returned. Meanwhile, as the Confederate line under Gen. Gordon was slowly falling back from Appomatox Conrt House after as gallant a fight against overwhelming odds as it had ever made, capturing and bringing safely off with it ah entire bat tery of the enemas, Gen. Custar, c >m manding a division of Federal cavalry, rode forward with a flag of truce and, the firing having ceased on both sides, was conducted to Gen. Longstreet as commanding temporarily in Gen. Lee’s absence. Custar demanded th 6 surren der of the army to himself and Gen. Sheridan, to which Gen. Longstreet re plied that Gen. Lee was in communica tion with Gen. Grant upon that subject, and that the issue would be determined between them. Custar replied that he and Sheridan were independent of Grant, and unless the surrender was made to them they would “pitch in” at once. Lougstreet’s answer was a peremptory order to return at cfiqe tfc his own lines and “try it* if lie liked - .”’ Custar was accordingly escorted back, but fire was not reopened, and both lines remained halted, the Confederates about a half j mile east of the Court House. General Lee, returning from the rear i shortly afterwards, halted iu a small field adjoining Sweeny’s house, a little I in the rear of liis skirmish line, and | awaited a message from General Grant, seated on some rails under an apple j tree. This apple tree was not only en j tirely cut up for mementoes within two i days afterwards, but its very roots were | cut up aud carried away under the false j impression that the surrender took | place under it. About noon a Federal i staff’officer rode up aud announced that Gen. Grant was at the Court House, and Gen. Lee, with one of his staff, accom panied him back. As he left the apple tree, Gen. Longstreet’s last words to ! him were: “ Unless he offers you liberal terms, General, let us fight itout.” It would be a difficult task to convey to one who was not present an idea of the feeling of the Confederate array during the few hours which so suddeuly, and so unexpectedly to it, terminated its existence, and with it all hopes of the Confederacy. Having been sharply en gaged that very morning, and its move ments arrested by the flag of truce while one portion of it was actually fighting and nearly all the rest, infantry aud ar tillery, had just been formed in line of battle in sight and range of the enemy, and with guns unlimbered, it was im possible to realize fully that the war, with all its hopes, its ambitions arid its hardships, was thus ended. There was comparatively very little conversation, and men stood in groups looking over the scene; but the groups were unusual ly silent. It was not at first generally known that a surrender was inevitable, but there was a remarkable preacqui escence in whatever Gen. Lee should de termine, and the warmest expressions of confidence in his judgment. Ranks and discipline were maintained as usual, and there is little doubt that had Glen. Lee decided to fight that afternoon the troops would not have disappointed him. About 4 o’clock, p. m., he re turned from the Court House, end after informing the principal officers of the terms of the surrender started to ride back to his camp. The universal desire to express to him the unabated love and confidence of the army had led to the formation of the gunners of a few battalions of artillery along the roadside, with orders to take off their hats in silence as he rode by. When he approached, however, the men could not be restrained, but burst into the wildest cheering, which the adjacent infantry lines took up, and, breaking ranks, they all crowded around him, cheering at the tops of their voices.— Gen. Lee stopped his horse, and, after gaining silence, made tho only speech to his men that he ever made. He was very brief, and gave no excuses or apolo gies for his surrender, but said he had done all in his power for his men, and urged them to go as quickly and quietly to their homes as possible, to resume peaceful avocations, and to be as good citizens as they had been soldiers ; and this advice marked the course which he himself pursued so faithfully to the end. E. V. A. HYGIENE DOWN SOUTH. A Memphis Cholera Lesson For East ern Cities—A Scene at the Mogue. Memphis, July 3.—Though small pox recently ravaged Memphis, and yellow fever and cholera have now and then held here high carnival, there was not, until within tue week, an organized Board of Health. For all statistical hygienic facts and for mortuary reports the public was indebted to rumor and sextons. Os course most extravagant stories went abroad; people of the in terior were sorely frightened. For seven weeks trade has been wholly suspended, and Memphis has lost in trade and property values several millions. Now we have a Board of Health, but since it has no money, and can control none, its practical value is very questionable. It may be proper to say that the city has undergone no process of purgation Mince 1867, and streets and alleys, after all these recent incessant rains, are reeking in filth. We have a County Court, constituted of thirty eight country bumpkins called ‘ ‘squires. ” These good old fellows, while “indi genous cholera” raged, could Hardly be convened. They had a county sexton, a jolly, dram-drinking Patlander, of the classic name McCook Pat, authorized to buy a potter’s field for the county, secured a valueless spot immediately on the banks of Wolf rivVr, just above the Holly Water Works. This potter’s field is said to be the foulest place of foulest stenches on the conti tinent. Pat’s Irish cartman told me that it stunk so intolerably that lie has seen the man in the moon holding his nose when careening above this fear ful graveyard. Pat stowes away corpses very hurriedly. It happened now and then that as many as three or four peo ple, when the daily mortality was great, were chucked into the same grave. Rain storms came, aud the loose, light earth was swept away, and there lay the grining corpses, negroes and whites, in the same shallow, uncovered grave, and when the hot sunbeams fell upon the rotting corpses and water became vapor, a stench went abroad which begat asphyxia at the distance of half a mile. Each rain storm that came on each suc cessive day fortunately cleaned the hal lowed spot and added to the stream that gives drink to 70,000 people of Memphis. Here waters of life are pumped from rivers of death. It costs the County Treasury quite $1 for each journey made by the sexton’s wagon to the pot ter’s field, and to reduce tho cost of these public burials Patrick never drives out without a full load. Corpses are therefore suffered to accumulate, often through several days; and the bodies of the dead, heaped up in the large empty shop, are covered with lime, and constitute a hideous, ghastly, morgue-like exhibtion. Despite all precautionary measures, the place is by no means delightful on a hot, sultry summer afternoon. Peo ple dwelling in the vicinity often com plain of strange sights and vigorous, un seemly, insufferable odors supposed to arise from this shop. Qn Sunday last it happened that the sexton had stowed away, by the merest accident, a living man with the dead. The living body was at the bottom of a heap of dead bodies to be boxed and shipped to Pat’w cemetery next morning. The poor fel low had been narcotized by a quack, who administered some potent drug to reverse the process of “ collapsing. 1 * The patient slept almost the sleep of death. In the same apartment wherein the narcotic was administered lay an other negro corpse, and the county sex ton carted both bodies away to his de pository. It was ten o’clock at night when the resurrection occurred. The ne gro, horrified when finding himself be neath a heap of dead men, howled like a hippopotamus. The sexton was aroused, and crying “thief !” “thief !” hurried in with a lantern. Our living-dead hero, thinking himself in another world, im agined the frightened sexton in his night clothes beneath the lantern’ 1 * fitful glare to be the devil himself, and then there went up a fearful howl of agonized despair, and the ‘‘resurrected” negro swooned in terror. The fire bells were ringing, the neighbors came in, the northern end of the city was in an up roar, the sexton fled, the condition of his depository for corpses was discovered and the sexton and county court and city government each have 'been indict ed by the criminal court. PALMETTO LEAVES. A hook and ladder company has been organized at’Kiugstree. The baptist Sunday School Conven tion will convene at Anderson Court House on the 24th inst. A little child was painfully bitten by a dog, on Sullivan’s Island, a few days since. A huge alligator, 11 feet IQ inches in length, was killed on the beach near Mount Pleasant House, last Friday. The Charleston garni,vs amuse them selves by throwing rocks at the street lamps. A heavy storm of wind and hail pass ed over the upper section of Oconee county last week. A convention of the editors and pro prietors of newspapers in South Caroli na will be held in Columbia on the 6th of August next. Small colored boys loiter around the railroad depots in Charleston for the purpose of stealing baggage from un wary travelers. A white boy, aged eight or nine years, was found last Sunday morning on Dr. Fowler's plkce, six mileC from Decatur. Qne of Mr. Landrum’s hands was severely crushed and torn' in a threshing machine, near East Point, last Friday. BILL ARP ON HIS TRAVELS. Gotham Continued—A Fire GeorgeW. Williams—'Working Thir ty Years for Victuals aud Clothes— The Cotton Exchange Carletons— New York Humorists—Amy Hobsart. Rome, Ga., July 10, 1873. Mr. Editor, Sun—Squeezin my way along down towards Wall street to see the big gamblers corner on eotton and gold, I saw a buryin ground through the crack of a fence and several hundred old dingy brown toomb stoues a standin around. Most all of em was ornamen ted with pikters of little boys’ faces with their cheeks swelld out like they was blowin little toot-horns at the soaks that went by. A mail sod they was old fashund angels and that most of these peepul died a hundred and fifty yeurs ago. Iwaaent aware that any body had been ded that long, but suppose lt'is so. There was a meetin house in the yard and it took me some time to see to the top of the steepul. They sed it was built at tho head of Wall street so as to be a witness agin the gamblers in the day of judgment. When I got down to Mr. Drexels new marble bank I saw a few thousau peepul standin still and lookin up at the top of a nine story house. Party soon a chunk of a boy stood up in the highest winder. He had sum straps buckeld under liis arms and a big tape line rolled up in a spring in his hand and the other end tied to sumthing inside of the room. Suddently he stepped off into the at mosfere just like he was a ghost aud the tape line cum slowly out of the spring and he floated down to the ground like a feather. Then the crowd all give a cheer and dispersd. They told me it was anew fire eskape and was to be put in all the hotels aud high bildings so that in case of a fire anbody could fas ten one end to the bedstead and the other under his arms and leap fourth with perfekt impunity. I think it a good invensliun and would like to see it tried in a shore enuf fire. Wouldent it look entirely angelik of amoonlite night to see sum of the fair sex takin a sail from the ninth story of the Grand Hotel, with their natral hair all flowin and their white nite gowns all fluttrin in the breeze, wouldent it be a humane okkupatiou for a kind liarted man like myself to ketch em as they cum—to take them on the wing—to reseeve em with open arms aiul an affektionate embrace. I think so—-exceptin perhaps sum dutch angel weigliin about 200 pounds, more or less, and the bedstead cumin along down with her. Under such sirkumstances it would perhaps be prudent to stand from under. Greatly to iny delite, I met with my old friend, George Williams, on away down Williams street. He was just from the citty of Charlston, where he rains us a king, and was in a very happy frame of mind—l mean financially. I knowd George in Nacoochy sum thirty years ago when he used to work like a nigger in a little corn patch on the side of the hill and carried water in a big soap goard to keep his truck from bum in up with the drowth. He was always hard workin, and a mighty liberal man akkordin to his means. He is liberal yet, but in spite of all he can do his money will akkumulate faster than he can giv it away. Im afeerd this worries him and it does look like a pitty to see a man so disoumfltted with money in his declinin years. Oonsiderin that lie is a Georgy Methodist I hav thought he might build em a college in Nacoochee jest to spite old Vanderbilt in Tennes see. Ive no doubt he will do it if he ever thinks of it. I notised that he was quite thin in the flesh and remarked that it was a favorable siroumstance for he could cum niglier goin through that needless eye the scripters tell about when the time cometh. That thing lias bothered me so all my life Ive been afeerd to layup any money. The truth is, however, I have never had a chance as yet and prospekt for the future is mortal dim. George says that money is all vanity and vexation of spirit, and the way he talked about the trubble and the oare that it brings I know he would have cheerfully given me a few thousan dollars if he liadent had such a high regard for my family. He was afeerd it would prove a burden instead of a blessin. He sed that when he was up on a visit to his Nacoochy farm last summer, he put on some old clothes and an old hat, and started on a tramp around the planta tion. Gettin tired after awhile, he set down on a log by the side of the road and a man cum along with an ox wagin, and se3 he, “Mornin, sur.” “Good mornin,” ses Georgo. “Do you work for Geo. W. Williams?” “Yes, sir,”says George. “How much does he giv you a year ?” “My vittels and clothes and to bakker,and pays my doktor’s bills,’’says George. “How long lia.ve you been workin for him that way ?” “About 30 years,” says George; “Well,you are an old fool, and that’s jest the way the stingy old cuss has made all his money. Good mornin, sur;” and he popped his bark whip and drove on. Well, I like George Williams first rate, and wish every rich man was as clever as him. When we separated I went down cellar to a lunch tavern, for I was about as hungry as a sirkular saw. Seventy live cents judishiously invested made me feel better, and I started over to the Cotton Exchange to see em a bettin on futures. I couident got head or tail of it, and the whole consern looked to me more like a passel of edukated lunialcs than anything else. I heard em talkin about a corner, and they pointed out a hook-nosed Jew that they sed had jest busted for 200 thousan. But I dident see any difference betwixt him and any other man, exsept in the nose. Meetin with an old freud, Dr. Miner, a surgi-n in the Coufedrit States navy, he made me talk pollytiks a good deal and sed that the only salvashun for the South was to get rid of the niggers. He sed the two races could never live together on equal terms—that it was agin natur and he had moved away from Virginia to get rid of the sivil rites bill. I told him we couident move and wosent gain to try. Well he sed that we would all have to jine tlie radikul party and break it dqwn or get the niggers to! turn dem ocrats and then the Federal Gqverment w'ould ship em all to Afriky in "less than six months—that the sekret of the whole thing was votes—nothin but votes, and we would have no peace at the South until the Radiknls were strong enuf to get in ofifis without the nigger vote. Then they would repeal th e siyil rites bill and let tlm pqqr nigger go to the deyjl aq fur as they waa oonserned. In the course of time I got back to my tavern and after bavin feasted on sum more Spanish mackerel and a few etseteras, I went round to Mr. Booth’s theater to see Miss Nilsonplay her great peece. The music was purty good, I reckon, though I think, if they could \ haear Uncle jack Beasly play the Ar kansaw Traveller on his old fiddle one ! time that band would pine away and j die of mortifycashun. I’m sorry to say : I dident see Nilson, but there was a j sweet little Oman cum out on the stage ! called Amy Robsart that carried me : away up into the heavens and let me I down easy every few m>uetn. Goaf or I twist a big rufljn gut m»d with her and dragd her about the stage in hernight 1 olose and I felt like I ought, for the sake of hnmanity, knock the day lights out of 1 the infernal broot, but I didn’t. I got | so sorry for her I cried, and I felt like I | could jest choke the juice out of ' man that dared to lass at my tears. A ! clever man >w*Hin by me told me it was only aktin, and that the same thing had 1 been going on every night on that stage | for two months. I told him I didn't i keer, that I knowd they hurt that gal a draggin her about with h,o. elope on hardly—that alio cUjn't hay uo. mat clad body, and looked io me hke she was as tender all round as a suckin fawn. I saw Queen Lisabeth struttin about in kifolootin style. She was a game oman and a grand one, and it done me way down to my ankle when she took my noc” Amy’s part. But after whil ? they got the poor girl in another trap, and feed up a bridge for hej »u cross, and there waa a soring in the middle of the bridge, and when she crossed it it was to break light in two, and she was to fall down into a deep whirlpool and got drownd ij shall al ways feel thantfql lut the privilege of sayin that though the bridge busted my Amy didn’t fall.* No, sur—she didn’t— and she’s alive yet I reckon unless they hav wore hex plum a draggin her about. If they don't quit it I wouldn’t giv much for the meat that’s on her sec ond jint bones. Darin the play the Queen had a festival show. About fifty young girls cum out with torches in their hands and danced around no close on scarcely t*oepr a few rnerc’.aid fish stales shingled up to the middle of' their bodies, and small invisible quantity of fuss and feathers sorter hiden their pal pit at m boozums. They danced ukd they pranced and they reeld and they squeeld and they wriggled and they giggled until everybody seemd satisfied and then they went up sum marble steps and marched away over a monutin and I never saw em any more. On the whole I think that I liked the show only I'm sorry I dident see Nilson. Her pikter that I saw iu the winders all over town was powerfully like that poor little Amy and I expect she is sum kin to her. Next moruin I went down to the st,h Avenue Hotel. Mr. Carleton the book man was there and said he thought ho knowd me, and when I told him lhy name he sed he recomemberil readiu sum of ray letters wich I writ Mr. Link horn along time agp—sed Mr. Linkhoru or sumbody else showd em to him lie wasent sertin which. He had a big book storo under the hotel and there was a power of nice people a peroosin around. He introduced me to Mr. Elio P. Per kins, Esq., with the first P. left out. lie sed that Elie spelt his name with a small e aud a big lie and was known in the oitty as Big lie Perkins. They sod he was tho sucksessor toAvtemus Wards wax works and from the way lie is pilin up money I suppose his wax works well. 1 like Elie. I always was partial to white men and hos tho whitest man I saw iu Now York. The next man I saw was Josh Billings. He was a sad lookin man with a largo, open counten ance, and wore his hair all over his head aud nock like a Canadian pony. I sup pose that mo and him will always differ about wearing our liair. About this' time a very large man with a white era- vat cum in to see Mr. Carleton, and axd him how he liked his manuskript, aud Mr. Carleton sed it was too heavy, and lie axd Carleton if he meant flier was too much of it. He latfed, and sod no; but that there was most too much led in it—that he would advise him to go to Skribner or Lippincott—that he only published sueh books as tho peepul would read. The large man looked thoughtful and disappointed, and takin liis manuskript, wont clean away.— The title of his book was “The Mota fqrik Analasis of Kimerean Abstroo sities. Next a little frisky man with a lively, open countenance cum along, and axd Mr. Carleton what ho thought of his book. “I)ont soot me ex actly,” sed Mr. Carleton, “its a most too light, to much froth for the syllabub, don) think it would go.” The title of his book was “The Ting-a-Ling of Aunt Tabbys Door Bell.” I was sorry for tho big man and sorry for the little mau, and told Mr. Carleton I though lie ought to let em down easy. He said it was an every days bisness, and lie had got hardened to it—that he rejekted ten hooks to where he aksepted oue, and ho published a good deal of trash even then. Dislikiu to disagree with him on so short au akwantance, I sed “Yes, I think you do.” But I close for these presents. Yours, Binn Arp. University of Georgia and Its Vaca tions. Editors Chronicle A Sentinel : The approaching commencement of the University suggests tlio subject of vacation as one worthy of discussion, and we have thought it worth while to present to the friends of the University, who are interested in everything that appertains to its prosperity, our views on this subject, promising that wo arc influenced by no other motive than the advancement of the interests of the Uni versity and of the career of education. The vacations now are one month in Winter, from middle December to mid dle January, and five or six weeks in Summer, including a part of August and September. Wc have made it a subject of inquiry to determine the cause that brought about this division of the collegiate year into Summer and Winter vacation, and have found that in the early history of the University it was dependent wholly on Southern Georgia for patron age. To adapt tho institution to this Southern patronage the vacation was givffn altogether in the Winter, none in the Summer. But iu later years, when the University aspired to be a universi ty for the whole State, and not for any special portion, the efiort waa made to place the vacation where it would natu rally occur, in the Summer, and this ef fort was only successful so far as to effect the compromise of having the vacation neither in Winter nor iu Summer, but iu both ; thus furnishing another proof that compromises are always effected at a sacrifice of principle. The vacations at this University, as well as everything else that concerns it, should be fixed as tho broad principle of that which is best for the educa tional interests of the whole State all private convenience, all sectional interests should be laid aside. There does not occur to us a single sound reason in favor of perpetuating the present system. It even has not that strong aid to oonsorvatism, tradi tion, in its favor, for we learn the present compromise was effected since the war. But wliat are the objections to it? Are there any valid ones? If so, they should have due weight with those who control the interests of the University. The present system of vacations com pels the students to continue their studies and to undergo tho ordeal of their long written examinations during the oppressive and enervating days of July. We understand that it is the experience of the University Faculty, that as a time for earnest study, the month of July is in fact a mouth lost to the majority of the students; that the amount of earnest application is by far less in July than in any month of the year. Against this single fact theories should have no weight. It follows if there is notably less application to books and lectures, there must be a greater tendency to violato college laws and order, and a greater tempta tion to form extravagant habits. The experience of nearly ffll the col leges iu tho United myl especially of the South,eifq States, has shown the propriety, we tyight say the necessity, of closing their halls during the months of July and August, But what sound reason can he urged for distiaudiug the college for an entire mouth in the Winter ? It cannot be to give the students from the southern por tions of the State an opportunity to visit their homes, which they are denied dur ing the Summer, since we understand that none are detnered by reason of the supposed unhealthy southern climate of tlm more southern frontiers of the State from spending their Summer vacation at their homos. As the vacations are now, they return to theirhoraes in Summer as well as in Winter, and thus the expenses of the year are considerably increased. Probably we are no* from the trutli when we say that the average expenses of each student are increased as much as thirty dollars per year by reason of the two annual vacation.!. And again, how much valuable time is lost to the student. Add at least two weeks before vacation and two woeks af ter and in many instances mare time than this is lost by the interruptions of the vacating—and we have two months, and two. of the beat months of the year, lost to the majority of the students. A university is a great machine that requires time to put in motion ull its parts, and time to cheek them. If, is a great furnace which when unoe heated to be worked eeonoqjwilly should be al lowed to eoql down as seldom as possi bly, YV-hea students and professors get well warmed up to their it is simp ly suicidal to check their enthusiasm in behalf of learning and science by di recting their thoughts into different channels, by interposing a season of rest when no, real is needed. Ybe secret of all c illege success, of all college discussion, is constant, earnest work. Hence we advocate also the »oo lition of Saturday holiday*. To close the lecture room yn Saturday is only the retention sf a traditional custom, wpll though for boys at a sobooj but not suited for young meq at a university. The leading ccdiegos and universi ties in (h* Luted States continue their Ittiures on Saturdays as on other jays of the week, and as our State Uhiveisity now aspires to take ria*. as a first class institution qj rooming, customs suited to.’years should be laid aside. By the employment of Saturday, about forty more working jays woujd be gained by tl;o student, and this, too, without addjiojial expense. Believing tLaj iba present system of discon tinuing the lectures for one month in the Winter and on every Satnrday in the session fails to promote the interest* of the University and to advance the great educational interests of the State, we ask the pi’hlinnMqn of this article, in orjyr to jlicit discussion, if parents and tlie friends of education regard it of suf ficient interest. Rooky. Mencphis* July 15.—. Jacob Thompson formerly Secretary of the Interior, do mes tho alleged frauds imputed to him, and the Congressional Committee ex onerated him from any complicity in the alleged discrepancy. NUMBER 30. THE TICHBORNE TRIAL. Lady Kadcliil’e and Mr. Gosford on the Witness liox. [Correspondence of the New York World. | London, June 25 —The interest felt in the Ticliborne trial, after languishing for sorno weeks, has suddenly revived, and yesterday, the forty-fourth day of the trial, it became intense and almost painful. During the two previous days the court had been occupied with tiie testimony of Mr. Gosford, the man who know Roger Ticliborne most perfectly, his most intimate counsellor and confi dential agent, his attorney to whom he gave the famous “sealed packet.” Os two things one is certain—either Mr. Gosford is tlie most wicked of liars and perjurers, and a liar and perjurer against his own interest, or “the defendant” is that very thing. But of Mr. Gosford I shall speak again, for first let me speak of the scene to-day, when Lady Rad clift'e, the “ Kato Doughty," whom Ro ger Ticliborne loved with the pure passion of innocent youth, and whom “the defendant” swore he had degraded, appeared in the witness box, and, in a voice whose every tone carried irresisti ble oonviction with it, told her simply and pathetic story. You will remember that on the former trial “ the defend ant,” then “ the claimant,” swore that before leaving England, in 1853, he had given to Mr. Gosford “a sealed packet.,” which contained the following words: Chekiton, November, 1852. If it be true that my cousin Kate Doughty should prove to be enciente, you arc' to make all necessary arrangements for her going to Scotland, and you are to see that Upton is properly prepared for her until I return or she marries. You are to show great kindness to her, and let her have everything she requires. If she remains single until I come back, I will marry her. In the event of my cousin’s death you are to take charge of the estates on my behalf, to keep the Homo Farm, and to repair the eottags at Pri or’s Dean. R. C. Tiohbobne. And it must be kept in mind that when pressed to say what this meant, he swore that he had seduced his cousin in July or August, 1852, that tluvseduction took place ouo day when they had been walk ing alone together, and that the sceuo of the crime was a mill near the village. Now, Mr. Gosford, in his testimony, gave the whole story qf the “ sealed packet,” and his testimony was sufficient of itself to convict “the defendant.”— Here is the whole story, as told by Mr. Gosford, and you will' see in the first place that while the defendant says the paper was written in November, 1852, Gosford says it was written in Decem ber, 1851. But this is the least of the discrepancies. Mr. Gosford said : Roger arrived in England from Wator ford somewhere about the 15th of Octo ber, and asked me to meet him at Bath. He came down to Tichbovne on Christ mas eve, 1851. I was staying in the house at that time with my wife. I re newed my conversations with my wife. I renewed my conversations with him. I recollect thorn. In the first place they had reference to the extreme delight he had in finding Miss Doughty’s feelings just the same as they were six months, before. During the whole of that six months he had the idea that one or other might have superseded him, and this discussion led to his leaving the pa per with me. In a long conversation I had with him ho contemplated the great difficulty with regard to Lady Doughty and liis father, and it was then and there he wroto that paper that has been so much talked about. I think he was in duced to do this by a rooollection of what Sir Edward Doughty had dono in a some what analagous position. Sir Edward had made a vow when liis son was ill that it the child recovered he would build a church at Poole. The child did recover and the church was built, and it stands there to this day. The conversation was in my offioe at Ticliborne. He was quite at home there. We had boon talk ing a long while over the fire about his cousin, and he was very depressed. I remember his jumping up, and he said “That’s wliat I’ll Go,” and no wool i<» the double desk. He wrote a paper and threw it across to me, and said “Read that.” And I read it. I tried to dis suade him from it, but be said “No; I’ll do it. ” He folded it in an envelope and sealed it with his own seal, and signed it outside, “ Memorandum—Private \and Confidential.” He gave it to mo to keep, and it lay in my desk for years afterwards. He never gave mo any other document in his life. Q. Do you remember the terms of it ? A. Perfectly well, I afterwards destroy ed it. It was marked “Memorandum— Private and Confidential,” inside as well. It went on, “If I marry iny cousin within two (or three, I am not sure which) years of this date, I promise to build a church at Ticliborne to tho Blessed Vir gin.” A little lower down he wrote, “I also intend to rebuild the house at Tide borne.” That was tin old idea of his. By the Jury—llls name was signed.— no put it formally, “Signed, R. C. Ticli borne,” That was signed by himself, and the sea remained unbroken till I de stroyed it. And Mr. Gosford added that this was tlie only document that Roger Ticli borne ever left with him ; and in the most solemn manner he declared that not only was there not in this document any allusion to the seduction or preg nancy of Miss Doughty, but that lie, who knew Roger Tiohborne better than almost any other living person, was as certain that “the defendant” was not Roger Tichborne as he was, of his own existence. It should be added that ho supported this declaration with a per fectly ovewhelming mass of proof, so that in any other country than England, I think, the prosecution would have beoir content to rest their case on his evidence alone. And, indeed, tho judges and the jury, after they had heard Mr. Gosford, showed by many plain signs that their minds were made up, and that it would be u work of supererogation to examine another witness. But here in England a lawyer thinks that he must examino all the witnesses marked on his brief, regardless of time and expense, and so Lady Radcliffe was called to swear that tho “defendant,” who had declared that she was once his mistress, was not the high-born and chivalrous Roger Tichborne whom she had loved in maiden purity. Lady Rad cliffe is now thirty-nine years old. She is still handsome. She is the wife of Sir Percival ltadcliffo, of Cavershall Castle, and she is tho only daughter of Sir Edward and Lady Doughty. She was thus tho cousin of Roger Tichborne, and her father’s objections to the inter marriage of cousins,on religious grounds, was the real cause of Roger’s departure from England and of all the subsequent calamities that followed that event. I should say here—wliat would have been better said before—that the defendant’s knowledge of tlie fact that, Roger Tich horae left a sealed packet with. Gosford seems to have been derived from an in cautious statement made by Gosford soon after the defendant made his ap pearance in England. Seldom has there been n more pathetic scen.e iuau that in the Court yesterday, when this lady told the story of her first romance and her first love. She is now tho happy wife of a noble gentleman arid the mother of his children. He stood by her side, while she related to the gray haired judges and the attentive jury men the sad and simple story of her girlish affection and her maiden love; so that she might vindicate her fair fame from the stain that the man who pretends to be her cousin and to have been her lover had cast upon it, and I faney that no op,c who heard her had the slightest doubt of her truthfulness. It is all up with the defendant, 1 should say; and. although i» is impossible to predict what may yet happen in the course of this ex traordinary trial, it seems equally impos sible that he can escape oonviction. THE GOODRICH MURDER. Kate Stoddard Married to Goodrich. New York, July 15. —Yesterday eight letters were found in Kate Stoddard’» possession written to Goodrich, and fivo from him to her, all showing that she regarded herself as his lawful wife. She addresses him as “My Deur Charley” and “Mj Dearest Husband.” The letters of both likewise show that they were married or went through a ceyemony which she supposed a lawfid marriage May 20tli, 1872 in New Y’ork, and were registered as man and wife at the Ashton House. Three of his letters are dated after the alleged marriage. The seooud tells her “It is better for both that we should seperate.” The third tells her not to call herself his. wife as they must separate, Ho offers to furnish her apartments in New York and do everything for her, but she must not tell his warily of their relations. Lowndes county crops are in fair con dition.
