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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1866-1877 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 9, 1874)
+ ' 010 SERIES—VOL. LHII NEW SERIES—VOL. XXXVIII. TERMS. the DAILY CHRONICLE ft SENTINEL, the oldeet newepeper In tne 8->atb, i pablirtied Jelly, ex cel* MonJey. Termi: Per yeer, *10; *i* month*, *3; three month*. *2 SO. THE TRI-WEEKLY CHRONICLE ft SENTINEL i* pnbllxh'd erery TuewUy, Thu’nUy end Setur 4y. Terrai: One year, *5; *ix month*, *2 50. THE WEEKLY CHRONICLE ft SENTINEL i* pnb ii*h-d every Wednesday. Term*: One year, *3 ■lx month*, sl. SUBSCRIPTIONS la ell caw* In advance, and no paper contained after the expiration of the time paid for. BATES OE ADVERTISING IN DAILY.— AH tran aleat adveriiaement* will be charged at the rate of *1 per a|oare for each Insertion for the Him week. AdV'-rtlaement* in the Trl-Weekly, two tblnl* of the rate* in the Dally -and In the Weekly, one-half the Daily ate*. Marriage and Funeral Notice*, *1 each. Special Notice*, *1 per square for the first publication. Special rate* will be made for advertisements running for a month or longer. REMITTANCES should be made by Port Office Money Order* or Expre**. If tbia cannot be done, protection against losses by mall may be secured by forwarding a draft payable to the Proprietor* of the Chbomcle ft Sexttxxl, or by ■ending the money in * registered letter. ALL COMMUNICATIONS announcing candidate* for office—from County Constable to Member of Congress—will be charged for at the rate of twenty cents per line. All announcement* must be raid for in ad ranee. Address WALSH ft WRIOHT, Cfjromcle an& Sentinel. WEDNESDAY.. .DECEMBER 9,1874. MINOR TOPICS. Senator Gordon, of Georgia, is out with a let ter advocating an increase of greenback cur rency, hoping also to see them made inter changeable with bonds at a low rate of inter est. The Richmond Whig, which presses his view of lbs case upon the Virginia Congress ional delegation, says that three of its mem bers have already declared themselves in favor of inflation, or, as the Whig expresses it, “of this great measure of popular deliverance.” Tllden, Thurman, Allen and Hendricks are already entered for the Presidential sweep stakes in 1876. They are all ancient Demo crats, tried men, who never held a military commission. The Democrats, in selecting from such a list, will be troubled with em baratt ties richestes. Three of them are Gov ernors of great States, and one is a Senator, and has been Chief Jnstice of one of these States. It will be a bright day for the Re public when any one of these shall be chosen to preside over its destinies. The Philadelphia Chronicle publishes the substance of Gen. Gordon's remarks at the late glorification at Atlanta, Ga., over the Democratic victory, and adds : "Unlo-s faith in human nature is to be abandoned, what other conclusion can be reached than that the people of the South are fully prepared to do their part toward the restoration of National peace and prosperity. Such sentiments do not savor of Ku-Klux, or of outrage upon the rights of the negro. It would be well for some of our rabid contemporaries to imitate their spirit, and thus assist in allaying strife instead of pro moting it, as they are now so earustly endeav oring to do.” The President's new organ, the Chicago Tribune, in an article on “The Differentiation between Republicanism and Democracy,” says that “the Republican party is the incarnation of an idea, and that idea is the supremacy, au thority, uuity and majesty of the nation repre sented by the General Government.” Stuff. If you will ask Boss Shepherd’s opinion on the subject—and the Boss seems to be the privy counsellor of the present Republican adminis tration—he will tell you that the Republican party is the incarnation of an idea, and that idea is “the largest profits to the lsast number of men that can possibly be compressed into limits of a ring.” One of the meanest misers lives in the neigh borhood of Bnffalo, N. ¥., and hie name is A. Paxon. Ho is rich, and his art of beooming so is in saving where others would have to spend. A short time ago he was summoned as a juror. He was in attendance four weeks at a dollar and a half a day, receiving a total of thirty-six dollars. While on this duty he took lodgings in a filthy quarter, for which he paid fifteen cents a night. He then bought a tin plate for twenty cents, and every day he filled it at a soup house that had been opened for the benefit of newsboys and bootblacks. He returned Eoiie with a clear gain of thirty-one dollars and sixty cents. At one of the gates of Puis the collectors of the octroi were not satisfied in regard to a vehicle which came in every day. There was, generally, not much in the cart, but it was al ways drawn by two enormously strong horseß, with enormously heavy harness. Bo an officer in disguise was appointed to follow the man. He obtained no precise information, save that something unusual was done when the horses were stabled that required at loast two men and two hours' time. Next day thoy examined the horses and ripped open the harness. In the hoavy harness were found fifteen hnndred cigars. Some dirty, debased and ignorant looking man eame in to vote in a township of Michigan. Said one of the ladies, offering him a ballot, “I wish yon would oblige us by voting this ticket.” “What kind ol i ticket is that ?" said he. “Why,” said the lady, "you can see your self." “But I can’t read,” liq answered.- “Why, can't you read the ballot you have there in your hand, which you are about to vote 1" the lady asked. "No,” said he "I can't read at all." “Well,” said the lady, “this ballot means that you are willing to let tho women as well as the men vote.” "Is that it ?” he replied; “then I don’t want it; tho women don’t know enough to vote.” Some conception of what has been achieved by the iron dscipliue of the German army may be had from this description of the German military bow: "Imagine an oak plank, six feet in height, with a hinge in the middle, draw itself up to a perpendicular, and with a quick movement snap the hinge so that the upper part suddenly springs forward and baok again, and you will have some idea of the graceful ness of the executed movement, and of the shock one has at first, when he fears that the performer has been seized with a sudden cramp that is abont to get the better of him at the very moment he is being introduced, and you wish to play the agreeable." The Convention which met at Indianapolis on Wednesday to form a National paper money party was called together by the State Central Committee of the Independent party, which made its first appearance in Indiana during the last State campaign. The party's ticket was reconstructed so often, owing to the resigna tion of nominees, that at the time of the elec tion only one of the original candidates re mained. The highest vote polled for any of its candidates was betweeu 19,000 and 20,000. and the general impression in the State, after the 13th of October, was that the end of the party had come. The new movement, it is re ported, is thought to be mainly intended to bring James Buchanan, editor of the Indian apolis Stan, prominently forward as a can diate for the United Statos Senate. The statistics of emigration certainly do not show that the natives of Qreat Britain feel any frantic eort of adoratiou for her. During the past sixty years she has seen a popmletion of exactly 7,871.897 depart to other lands. In 1873 alone the number of emigrants was 310.611. The greater part of these people came to this country, while the rest tried for tune chiefly in Australasia. It is curious how completely French sentiment is the feverse of English on the subject of emigration. Only about 130,000 French people have settled in Algeria, and France has had possession of that country for forty years. French population is. however, constantly decreasing. During five years, and for reasons independent of emigra tion and the cessation of Alsace, it has de clined by half a million. Bolckow! Such is the hideous name of a minor town on the line of the Maryville branch of the Kansas (Sty and Council Bluffs Bailway. It is a thriving business village, and many let ters are sent to its poet office, though it must be by large good luck that some of them reach their destination ; for a statistical clerk in said post office has observed that within thirty days letters came there addressed in thirty-three different ways, viz: 1. Bolckow. which is orthodox; 12, Balca; 3, Balka; 4, Boko; 5, Blowkow; 6, Bullcow (good gracious); 7, Blucko; 8, Boeow; 9, Balcah; 10, Balcko; 11, Barlcow; 12, Blokow; 13, Baca; 14, Bicow; 15, 16. Barlchow; 17. Bolke; IS, Bolk; 19, Balcoo; 20, Balckow; 21, Balcho, 22, Balkow; 23, Balkorr; 24, Bowlkow; 25, Bollchow; 26, Balcklow; 27, Bolckla; 28, Balclia; 29, Borckaw; 30, Bolekow; 31, Balklow: 32, Molbolckow: 33, Polka. Evidence is accumulating of a plot at New Orleans to so manipulate the election returns now being canvassed by the lie turning Board ae to create a Bepublican majority in the Leg islature and elect a Bepublican United States Senator. The retention of United States troops at New Orleans, the arbitrary examination of returns out of their usual order and the delay in deciding contested cases ail have a sinister look. Brother-in-law Casey is announced as a candidate for the Senatorahip. The Demo crats of New Orleans assert there is an organ ised conspiracy to elect him and the more im pulsive make threats of bloody work in ease Kellogg and his crew succeed in again nullify ing the choice of the people. We trust better counsels may prevail and that the long suffer ing people of Louisians will wait a little longer for their day of deliverance. THE ERA OP SPEECH MAKING. Someone has said that the “Ameri cana are a nation of orators.” The aa , thor of this assertion would have been i nearer right had he said that “Ameri cans are a nation of speakers.” We do not deny that has produced i many great orators—more eloquent men | than any nation of ancient or modern history, not excepting the Rome of Cicero or the Greece of Demosthenes. Bat while conceding this we think many persons will agree with us that there is alao no other country in the world where there are so many speakers and so many superfluous speeches. Oratory is a good thing; bnt an orator must have a subject, an occasion and an audience. He must have something to speak abont, a place to speak at and people to speak to. Not always are these conditions observed in this favored land. We have a great many speeches about nothing, delivered at the most inopportune times. The country has had a surfeit of speeches, and they are be ginning to be thought a bore. The orators do not like to speak and the people are growing weary of listening. Of coarse onr remarks do not apply to speeches political. They are always in order, and, as long as the country has to be saved and republican institutions pre served every two years, they will con tinue to be in order. Bat even of these the people seem to be growing a little weary, and it is only the biggest of big guns who will draw a crowd when he mounts the hustings. At other times a large proportion of the citizens stay away from even political gatherings, and young Spout, the rising lawyer, and old THUNDERGUsr, the war horse of his par ticular militia district, ward or county, soar aloft and circle in the bine empyre an with but few to listen to their patri otic ontbnrsts or to be blinded by their blazing rhetoric. Bnt unfortunately speech making is not confined to the periods when the salvation of the coun try is closely intertwined with the election of a Congressman or when the permanence of republican in stitutions depends upon the selec tion of a proper candidate for County Constable. It is a hideons fiend—ubiquitous, irrepressible and all annoying. No place is secure against its intrusion. Every occasion serves its purposes, no matter what its char acter, herw trivial it may be, how convivial, or how solemn. It hovers around the cradle and the grave. It ap pears at the christening feast, and at memento mori meetings. It intrudes upon the oysters and champagne of a convivial gathering. It haunts presen tations and receptions and drills and parades. No one desires its presence, yet no one has the courage to turn it ont of the house. It perches above the door like Poe’s Raven, darkening every face and extinguishing all pleasure with its baleful shadow. It grins like a death’s head from the festal board, warn ing the guests of,_the transitoriness of their enjoyment. We are informed that in the small city of Bunderclnnd—situated we believe in Texas, on the line of the Southern Pacific Railway the files of the two daily papers show that 1,080 speeches have been made or “ delivered,” as the reporters properly term this birth of words, during the past twelve months.— When we reflect that the returns of the very latest census only give Bnnder clund twenty thousand inhabitants, we can form some idea of the prodigious amount of speech making done there during the year. About one-half of the population are colored people, whose speeohes have not been reported. At least two-thirds of the remaining half are women, who as yet do not speak in Texas, and children, who only speak un der compulsion in the schools. This would leave abont sixteen hundred and sixty men to do the speaking. But we are also told that in Bunderclund there is an element, comprising thirty percent, of the “speakable” males, which does not attendpublic gatherings of any kind; so that from about eleven hundred men the thousand and eighty speeches are ex torted. It is said that in this sin gular city there can be no sort of gathering without speeches—that they are as necessary concomitants of a ban quet as whisky or pickles. If the Bun derolund Hose Company holds a meet ing to celebrate the winning of a prize, the birthday of the organization, the election of officers or for any other sufficient reason; if the Bunder cluud Invincibles are presented with e banner, a sword or a plume ; if the So ciety for the Encouragement of Insolvent Newsboys get funds enough on hand to afford a spread, they invite their friends aud acquaintances, the Mayor and Al dermen, the leading politicians and lawyers, and the editors and reporters of these two well known and influential journals, the Trumpet Tongue and Bugle Blast, to be present. It is well known what these invitations portend. Each guest is aware that when the oys ters and the whisky, or the woodcock and the champagne, as the case may be, have been consumed that there are to be speeches. He eats with the sword of Damocles suspended above his head, and knowing full well that fall it must so soon as the eating is ended. The signal for speaking is given by the tap of a knife handle upon the table. The officers of the organiza tion speak ; the Mayor speaks ; each of the five, six, seven or eight Aldermen speaks ; the leading legal lights speak ; the rising young lawyer and the promi nent young men speak ; the editors of the Thunder Trumpet and Bugle Blast speak ; the reporters for those papers are compelled to drop their pencils and note-books, with which they have been recording the speeches of others, and speak themselves; until at last the calls go round the table like the sleeping-cup at a Highland banquet- and every guest has had his whack. Bnt, some of our Augusta readers will say, “What in the name of Heaven do these Bunderclund men speak about, what can they speak about ?” Nothing, readers, nothing 1 They do not wish to speak, they have nothing to say, they realize none of the pleasure of the occasion because of the speakiDg, bnt they submit to custom, just as the Bnnderdund women heap towers upon their heads and humps npon their backs because it is the fashion for their sex to make themselves hideous and uncomfortable. Of course it is absnrd to suppose that the Mayor and Aldermen, and lawyers, and politicals, and editors and report ers, and other gnests at the entertain ment, can feel inspired by such an occa sion or that they are able to do them selves or their audience justice at such a time. We doubt if Demosthenes could have made any reputation for himself at the anniversary meeting of the Athens Hose Company No. 11, or if Cickbo would not have lost his laurels at a helmet presentation to the Praetorian Guards. It is true that we are not as bad in Augusta as they are in Bnnderclnnd, bnt can we truthfully say that we are not making rapid strides in the Blunder clund direction ? Is it not time to stop before we reach the pitiable condition of onr sister city? Is not the voice of the orator heard too mncb in the land, and are not some of onr festivals trans formed from places of innocent pleasure and enjoyment into ideals of boredom by this abominable practice? Why Bhould we not make an organized re sistance to the Demon of Gab ? As we have temperance associations to put down drinking, aud Christian associa tions to elevate the cause of morality, and societies for the suppression of vice, why should we not also have a Society for the Suppression of Superfluous Speaking ? AN OLD EDITORIAL CHAIR. The old readers of the Augusta Cbboxicle and Sentinel are familiar with the name of Jambs W. Jones, de ceased, who so long and so ably edited i that paper. After the great Whig vic tory of 1840 his friends presented him with an editorial chair. Asa compli ment to the Chronicle and Sentinel editors, Messrs. Walsh and Weight, for their services in the recent campaign, Dr. W. S. Jones, the brother and part-1 ner of James Jones, has presented those i gentlemen with the same old chair. Glorious associations cluster around that relic. The old Whig party was composed of a noble race of men. -The “dark and bloody ground” holds the re mains of its leader, the world his fame, and his countrymen his virtues and ser vices. The great Harry is in his grave ; After life’s fitful fever he sleeps well; Treason has done his worst; nor steel nor poison, Malice domestic, foreign levy, nothing Can touch him further. [Macon Star. A CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. Another grand jury has spoken in favor of a Constitutional Convention. The grand jury of Spalding county speaks as follows : We respectfully ask the General As sembly to have such steps taken as will bring about a State Constitutional Con vention, to take into consideration the propriety of reducing our representation in the Legislature, and at the same time so arranging the services of the same so as to do away with the enormous drain imposed upon the country by too much legislation. It will be remembered that the Repre sentative elect from Spalding county is Judge Alexander M. Speer, one of the ablest men in the State aud the strong advocate of a Convention. We have no doubt that his services in the Legisla ture will contribute greatly to the suc cess of the measure. REGISTRATION OF VOTERS. The Borne Courier advocates the en actment of a law by the General Assem bly requiring every voter to register in his own precinct, such registration to be allowed only upon presentation of the Collector’s receipt for payment of taxes ; and requiring voters to vote in the precinct in which they reside and in which they are registered. We agree with the Courier aB to the necessity for such a law, and hope that the General Assembly will consider the matter fa vorably. There are two good reasons for its enactment. (1) We believe such a law will in a great measure put a stop to fraudulent voting at elections, of which there has been too much iu this State since LLa reconstruction acts went into operation. If every voter was re quired to register in the precinct of his residence at least sixty or ninety days before the election ; if the registration lists were published, so that they could be easily examined by every citizen ; and if only those persons were allowed to vote whose names were upon the lists; fraud would be rendered almost impos sible, save by the connivance of all the managers, and even this would avail nothing upon a comparison of the tally sheets with the registry lists. If any person should register who is not en titled to that privilege the publication of the lists would at once expose the fraud. The adoption of this system, to gether with the requirement that no citizen should vote out of his precinct, would effectually prevent anything like repeating or colonization. (2) The pas sage of such a law would greatly increase the revenues of the State and facilitate the collection of a tax now difficult to collect—the tax upon polls. Every man who offered to register would have to exhibit the Collector’s receipt for his taxes. There would be no delay or trouble on the day of election. Every man on the list would be a duly qualified voter, and no man not on it would be allowed to exercise the elective franchise. Political corruption has greatly increas ed in the South since the war and the extension of the franchise, and while Georgia may have suffered less than any other State she has suffered fully enough to make prevention desirable and necessary. It is of the utmost im portance that so long as we have uni versal suffrage there should be every precaution taken against frauds upon the ballot box. We do not believe that any system would give absolute security and perfect protection, for no law was fever yet framed which the ingenuity of pascals could not evade or circumvent to a certain extent; bnt a safeguard like the one proposed would only fail when assailed by an adfoitnes which but few knaves possess. The future necessity for such a law is recognized in the Con stitution of the State, and express sanc tion is given by that instrnment to its enactment. The quotations of municipal securi ties show that the credit of Augusta stands higher than that of any other Sonthern city. In New York last Friday the quotations were as follows ; Mobile B’s, 33 bid; Montgomery B’s, 55 asked; Savannah 7’s, 81 bid;Macon 7’s, 75 asked; Charleston 6’s, 50 bid; Columbus 7’s, 65 bid; Atlanta 7’s, 72 asked, B’s, 75 bid; Angnsta 7’s, 83 bid. It will thus be seen an Augusta seven per cent, bond is worth two cents on the dollar more than a Savannah seven; fifty cents more than a Mobile eight; eighteen cents more than a Montgomery eight; eight cents more than a Macon seven; thirty-three cents more than a Charleston six; eigh teen cents more than a Colnmbns seven; eleven cents more than an Atlanta seven and eight cents more than an Atlanta eight. The New York Herald gives an ac count of a recent earthquake in Massa chusetts, which “ severely shook ” Es sex county, and caused “ great con sternation along the Cape Ann coast.” We are afraid that the usually enter prising Herald is behind time for once. The earthquake in the Bay State, par ticularly the “ severe shaking in the Essex District of Massachusetts,” oc curred on the third of November. We are requested to state that a mass meeting in the interest of the Spartan burg and Asheville Railroad will be held at Union Court House, S. C., on Satur day, the 12th of December. Speeches are expected from Hon. C. G. Memmi.v gkb, Governor Z. B. Vance, and other distinguished citizens. The people of Angnsta are invited to be present. By reference to a notice published in our local columns this morning it will be seen that an important agricultural meeting will be held in Atlanta the 15th of next month. Patrons of Husbandry, delegates from county agricultural so cieties, leading agriculturalists and stock holders of the Direct Trade Union are invited to be present. AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 9, 1874. THE ÜBURY LAWS. We regret to see that some of the Georgia newspapers are agitating the re-enactment of the usury laws. Two years ago they were repealed be cause public sentiment condemned them as nnwise and mischievons. Be fore a sufficient time has elapsed for the people to perceive the effects or to judge the wisdom of repeal a clamor is raised for their re-enactment. It is said that their repeal is either wholly or in part the cause of all our financial troubles. It is charged that repeal has impoverished the farmers, the merchants i and the laboring classes. It has brought j about “hard times;” has made money “tight:” has enriched the capitalist j and impoverished the men of mod- j erate means; made the rich richer j and the poor poorer. This is i a formidable bill of indictment. If, we could be convinced that a single | one of these things had been caused by the repeal of the usury laws, we should cheerfully favor their prompt re-enact ment. If we thought that such laws conld remove or abate the evils complained of and from the effects of which the coun try is suffering so severely we should advocate their rigorous enforcement. But until some argument is produced which will demonstrate the evils of re peal and the wisdom of a return to the old policy we shall oppose any attempt by the State to fix a price upon the property of its citizens. So far as we are able to judge there is no evidence whatever that the repeal of the usury laws has injured any class of our people. On the contrary, we believe that it has been of great benefit to them. Instead of making mon j y dearer it has tended to make it cheaper. Notwithstanding the panic and the cry of hard times which is heard all over the country, but which is loudest in the States where usury laws are in operation, we believe that in Georgia the bank rate for money is lower than, or as low as, it has been since the surrender. Repeal has brought money into the market—the property of private individuals—which otherwise would have been looked up in stocks and bonds,, and the amount of capi tal to loan increased to that extent. The re-enactment of this law would drive this increase of capi tal from circulation. The timid capitalists would withdraw their funds from the market and place them in se curities purchased at such a discount as to yield usurious interest without in curring the penalty of the statute. The lenders who evaded the provisions of the law would have less competition in the business and be enabled to demand higher rates from borrowers. Any at tempt to fix by law the price of a given commodity must necessarily prove futile and unavailing. The Legislature has no power to make money bring a given in terest any more than it has power to fir the price of a bushel of corn or a bale of cotton. Trade and commerce have their own laws as fixed and immu table as those of the Medes and Per sians, and it is folly to attempt to nul lify their effect or change their opera tion. This principle is as well settled as one can be, the truth of which has been fully tested by time and experience. Every man in Georgia knows that when the usury laws were of force in this State money could not be obtained at seven per cent. —the legal rate of inter est. Merchants and planters during the six years following the war and prior to the repeal of the usury laws paid for money what it brought—from ten to thirty per cent. When money is scarce and times are hard, its price will be regulated by tlielaw of supply and de mand, and if usury was made a capital offense it would still bring more than the arbitrary rate prescribed by legisla tion. We are opposed to a usury law be cause its provisions cannot be enforced. The object of such a statute is to enable borrowers to obtain money at a given rate—six, seven or ten per cent., as the legislative power may determine. We hold that it is impossible for the Legislature to accomplish this ob ject. It may frame as many laws as it pleases against the taking of more than a certain rate of interest, but how can it regulate discounts ? and it is by means of discounts that nine tenths of the money borrowed in com mercial transactions is obtained. The law may say that when Smith borrows money of Jones it shall not be lawful for Smith to charge more than seven per cent per annum on every hnndred dollars. But the law cannot fix the price at which Jones may sell Smith’s note for ready money. Asa general rule the bank does not lend money di rectly to the borrower. Jones makes a note payable to the order of Smith, Smith endorses it and the bank dis counts the paper. The rate of discount is governed by the condition of the money market—by supply and demand. Here .interest does not enter into the transaction and the statute does not ap ply, yet it makes practically but little difference to Jones whether he pays thirteen per cent, interest or thirteen per cent, discount. He loses so much blood whether by the process of bleed ing or cupping. Take the purchase and sale of railroad or municipal bonds and the matter is still farther simplified. No one ever held or, so far as we know, attempted to hold, that the statute against the taking of usurious interest applied to the purchase of bonds at such a price as to yield the purchaser more than seven per cent, interest on his in vestment. A man owns a city bond hav ing so many years to ruu, and bearing interest at the rate of seven per cent. He is either unable or unwilling to wait for payment until the maturity of the obligation. He offers it to a broker or capitalist. The latter is governed in his purchase by the condition of the money market, and by the standing and resources of the maker. He gives say seventy cents on the dollar, and his in vestment brings him in ten per cent, per annum, or three percent, per annum more than the legal rate of interest, yet there is no usury in the transaction. So Smith takes Jones’ note, payable so ma ny days after date, to the bank, and asks what discount they will charge to antici pate the maturity of the paper by imme diate payment. The bank discounts it at the rate of thirteen per cent, per annum, nor is there any usury in this transaction which comes within the purview of the statute. Bnt one can readily see that it makes very little difference to the city of Angnsta whether the operation is called interest or discount; the fact is patent that the corporation is paying usurious rates for the loan of money. So too it makes little difference to Smith what the Bank President may call the process by which he accommodates him; the fact is patent to him that he has paid usurious interest for the use of the money which he receives. So long as there is such a thing as discount usury laws will be of no avail. They will al ways be evaded and disregarded. It is not by legislation that money can be made cheap or times easy. We be lieve that the history of this country and of this State will show that no law framed for the purpose of affording “re lief*—from repudiation down to stay laws—has ever benefitted those in whose interest it was enacted. Snch legisla tion has invariably worked more harm than good and the effect of many of these measures has been mischievous in tho extreme. There is bnt one way to cheapen money, and that is by the ces sation of borrowing. When the de mand ceases the rate of interest will fall and the supply will increase.- If every man will determine to live within his means; if he will cut off every unneces sary expenditure; if the farmers will keep their smoke houses and barns on the plantation instead of in the West, there will be plenty of money and cheap money. But legislation can never make money either cheap or plentiful. GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE. From a circular just received from this College we extract the following de scription of the new Laboratory, the donation of the city of Athens to this new institution : I This beautiful building, designed as a Laboratory for the State College—the gift of the city of Athens, at a cost of $25,000 —is now nearly ready to be occu pied. It is 100x50 feet; three and a half stories, with Mansard roof. It contains rooms desigued for four Chemical Lab oratories; (1), for qualitative' analysis; (2), for gravimetric quantitative anal ysis; (3), for volumetric quantitative analysis; (4), for private Laboratory of Professor; one for Physical Laboratory; one large Lecture Hall; two Class Lec ture Rooms; two Drawing Halls for Engineering Department; three offices for Professors; three rooms for Appa ratus and Models; one for Spectroscopic and Microscopic examinations; one for Reference Library; one Furnace room for metallurgical processes, a Battery room, and a Work room. Water and gas will be supplied throughout the building. It is designed, as funds can be obtained, to equip each Laboratory with all improved modern appliances re quired for illustrating and teaching science. Every student will be required to do actual work in the Chemical and Physical Laboratories, beginning with that of an elementary character. He will be thus occupied from one to six hours each day, according to his course of study—engaged in the study of things and not words. With pleasure we call the attention of those who have the educational control of youths to the advantages presented at this College to all who desire a scien tific training, presented in accordance with the modern methods of teaching science, and that, too, without charge for tuition. These working laboratories are intended to familiarize the student with things and not with words only, to teach him not how to handle apparatus, not simply how to measure and weigh accurately, but are rather intended to form within the student this habit of careful, accurate observation that will be of inestimable value to him in all the walks of life. This laboratory is a noble gift of the city of Athens to the youth of the State, and now it behooves the State to come forward and generously supplement this donation by a similar amount for the purpose of furnishing the required equipment. We are assured by the President of this College that with $30,000 to equip this building with the chemical, physi cal and mechanical apparatus needed to illustrate modern science, Georgia can have the best equipped science College south of New York. We hope the friends of modern education will make earnest efforts to secure the amount re quired. Surely it is something worth striving for that Georgia should have confessedly the best equipped science College in all the South. Chancellor Cooper, of Tennessee, has decided that the affairs of the Freed man’s Bank can bo investigated in the State Courts, notwithstanding the as signment of the assets of the corpora tion to the three Commissioners in the District of Columbia. The rents of the corporation in Nashville were attached by some of the depositors, and after hearing argument on the subject the Chancellor decided that the citizens of Tennessee who have become creditors of the Freedman’s Savings and Trust Com pany, by dealings with its branch at Nashville, are clearly entitled to come into the Courts of the State for the pur pose of having their rights against this company declared, and subjecting its property in that State to the satisfaction of their debts. The government in which property is situated will never extend its comity so far as to prejudice its own citizens, no matter what may be the laws of its owner’s domicil. The Macon Telegraph states that some years since a Judge who was hold ing Court in Dooly county tried a man who had been indicted for wife beating. After hearing the evidence and the ar gument the Conrt charged the jury that every man was the head of his own household, with power to enforce his authority. That when a termagant wife needed correction the husband had an undoubted right to administer it with “due moderation,” aud could only be punished when proven guilty of cruel treatment. The Telegraph thinks that the women ought to have returned thanks last Thursday that such a con struction of the law no longer obtained in Georgia. This may have been proper enough for the women, bnt does the Telegraph think that the men have any cause to be thankful on this account ? Savannah groans uuder the enormous jury exemptions which obtain in that city, and it is probable that a vigorous effort will be made at the next session of the General Assembly to do away with them entirely. Other cities be sides Savannah have cause of complaint, and equally as good reason to seek re dress from the Legislature. We can see no reason why there should be so many exemptions from the performance of one of the most important dnties of citizen ship. At least two-thirds of the citizens of Augusta liable to do jury duty are on the rolls of the fire companies and mili tary organizations. This is all wrong and should be remedied. We need good juries and should have them. Two years ago the people of New York, disgusted with the corruption and profligacy of Tammany Hall, and un willing to trust the Republicans with the government of the city, repudiated the candidates of both parties and elected Mr. Havemeyeb, who was re commended to their suffrages by a com mittee composed of seventy of their best citizens. Mr. Havemeyeb shared the fate of most independents, who act only according to the dictates of their consciences. He rendered himself un popular with both parties, and his recent sudden death only anticipated by a few weeks his ejection from office. The election in the Seventh District is again under discussion. The point has been raised that the vote of Gordon county ought to be thrown out because the tally sheets were not signed and cer tified as required by law. If this should be done Dabney would have fifty ma jority. Governor Smith states that the fact was not brought to his knowledge until after the certificate was given to Mr. Felton. If there is no better ground for a contest than this it should be abandoned. Felton seems to have been fairly elected and is entitled to his seat. John B. Peck has been appointed manager of the Air Line Road next after L. P. Grant Grant is cleaning oat the concern, and hopes to be able to at least make the road pay off itß washer women bills hereafter—something it never did before. EMIGRATION. Romulus Moore’s Convention—Small Number of Delegates—Atlanta Run ning the Machine —Colored Men Go ing Back on Republicans and Car pet-Baggers They Wish Equal Rights—James’ Speech. [Special Correspondence Chro' .i le and Sentinel .] Atlanta, December 1, 1874. Romulus Moore’s Convention of ne groes, assembled to consider the condi tion and prospects of Georgia negroes in general and emigration in particular, has been in session in the hall of the House of Representatives ever since Monday morning, including a night ses sion last night. Delegates are present representing about thirty counties and number about sixty or seventy. Dr. H. E. Baldwin, a colored physician of this city, was chosen President. A commit tee on credentials was appointed, and daring its absence the Convention was entertained by some loud, declamatory harangues from several negroes, in which the Republican party was severely criti cised for its short-comings and bad faith towards the negroes. Carpet-baggers were denounced as selfish, corrupt adven turers who sought power end riches through the instrumentality of the credu lous negro. The leading spirits of the Convention are Dr. Baldwin, Romnlns Moore and R. H. Carter, of Fulton; W. A. Pledger, of Clarke; W. H. Miller, of Bartow; and Jack Heard, of Greene, each one entertaining dissimilar views on almost every question sprung before the sable body. They all seem to be agreed in only one thing, and that is that they are not admitted to full par ticipation in administering the laws of Georgia. They complain that they are not allowed to sit on the juries, that they are not given separate accommodations in railroads, that State and United States officials are not prompt and efficient in arresting and punishing participators in outrages, and in fine that the millenium expected to be inaugurated by the passage of the Civil Rights bill has not come. The Convention has taken no action yet on any question, and has given expres sion to no views on the policy of emi gration. A multitude of resolutions have been introduced, but have all been referred to committees. One resolution by Pledger, of Clarke, complained of the partial and unjust administration of the laws of Georgia, whereby the colored people were deprived of their rights and privileges, and closed by appealing to Congress to pass a law removing the jurisdiction of cases from the State to the United States Courts, where it could be shown that the pris oner or accused was deprived of a fair trial by reason of his condition and color. Another resolution, by Dr. Baldwin, of this city, appeals to Con gress to pass the pending Civil Rights bill to enable the colored man to obtain his rights, arraigns the Democracy for outrages in the recent Congressional elections, and for conduct in direct con flict with every principle of liberty. Dar ing yesterday afternoon Hon. John H. James, of this city, upon motion of a delegate from Fulton, addressed the Convention, and advised the negroes to remain in Georgia. He told them that all the emigration agents who tried to persuade them tc leave Georgia were in terested only in making money out of them; that they did not have the happi ness and welfare of the negroes at heart. He advised them to save their money, and in a few years they would be able to buy all the land they wanted. All this part of Mr. James’ speech was very well received, but when he asked them if they did not desire that their late mas ters should receive compensation for them, they exclaimed aloud, “No ! no !” Last night the Convention wbh address ed by H. P. Jacobs, of Mississippi, a colored member of the Legislature of that State. He at the outset disclaimed all intention or desire to interfere in the discussion of politics or Civil Rights. He desired simply to present to them inducements to come to Mississippi if they desired to leave Georgia. He did not advise them to leave Georgia, if they were well situated, but if they were determined to emigrate he assured them that in Mississippi they would find equal rights and fertile lands. Jacobs is quite an intelligent negro and a very ready speaker. The President of the Convention also delivered an address, in which he complained that the white peo ple of the State were inflicting upon them wrong in refusing them places on the juries, and that they were everywhere endeavoring to crash the manhood out of the colored people. The Convention has been squabbling all of to-day without adopting any measure. A committee on outrages was appointed, and endeavored to report, but because it selected only a few reports of outrages as specimens, the Convention refused to receive its report, intimating thereby that every case reported by every mem ber of the Convention must be em braced in its report. Resolutions were introduced favoiing emigration, favor ing the policy of remaining here and giving the “Democratic Legislature a chance,” and also one to memoralize Congress. The Convention re-assembles to-morrow morning a 4 nine o’clock. The Representative Hall is crowded all the while with colored spectators, who look to the proceedings wiih the deepest in terest. The Convention itself is the scene of much confusion and disorder, and amusing blunders are almost mo mentary, What these colored mal contents will do it is impossible to predict. The Proceedings of Tuesday. From the Atlanta papers of yesterday we learn that by invitation (Governor Smith addressed the Convention. He advised them to “go to work, stay at home and attend to yonr own business, save your earnings, and 'in a few years you will be happy and enjoying as rich blessings in good old Georgia as you can anywhere else on the face of God’s green earth. A man who will not work can not do any better out West than he can here. Look at these men who mope around the towns and stand upon the corners of the streets and talk politics, and about the affairs of the nation. They never work, yet they wear fine clothes, sport a gold watch chain and drink whisky ! What are they to so ciety ? how do they make a living ? I tell you, my colored friends, I never yet knew a man who kept on trying to break in jail but what they eventually let him in. Yon can’t become rich by going from one county to another. If you want to participate in these bless ings stay at home. The most infamous people in the world are these political tricksters, One word more and lam done. History ought to be worth some thing to us. We find there that no gov ernments are stable. The great secret is to know how to govern right. “Before leaving this country, ask your self the question, am I going to do bet ter or worse? What guarantee have you got that you will do better out there than you will here ? Don’t leave unless you know you will be benefited, and if you will, then go ! If yon are not cer tain of being benefited, stay at home near the remains of yonr fathers. I have administered the law impartially for the benefit of the black man the same as I have for the white, and I have never known an innocent man punished in Georgia, but I have known several guilty ones to go unpunished. If you can’t live where you have got laws that must be obeyed, go where they have no laws. I want you to do your duty to yourselves. In parting I must say, make these men who are trying to get you off go with you. ” [Cheers. J A resolution was adopted protesting against the reduction cf wages by the Grangers. The following was also adopted : Resolved, That we most earnestly ap peal to the white people of Georgia to protect us in onr civU and political rights; that we request the Georgia Legislature to take into consideration at its next session the outrages that have been perpetrated upon the colored peo ple of Georgia for the last year; that we are not insensible of the fact that many colored men have gone to state’s prison from want of a fair trial, and there treated with inhumanity: that while we would like to live in Georgia, while we wonld like to cultivate these same old hills that we cleared of yore; while we love the soil of onr birth place; while we wonld love to linger around the scenes of our childhood; in short, while we all would like to live in Georgia, because we have learned to love her and her people, but unless there is a change in treatment of the colored people of Geor gia; unless we can receive a reasonable compensation for onr labor; unless we can be represented in the jury box; and therefore have a just and fair trial in the Courts, we will go to some land where we can get these rights, hot be cause oppression and necessity compels us to go where we can be free regardless of race, color or previous condition of servitude. Halifax. THE EDGEFIELD TROUBLES. CITIZENS’ MEETING AT THE COURT HOUSE. Speeoh by Gen. M. C. Butler—Readu “2s® Adopted—The People Spurn with Indignation the Charges Made Against Them. The recent arbitrary arrests in Edge field county, South Carolina, have ex cited a deep feeling of indignation among the white people. The slander ous charges made against them in the Columbia Union-Herald, a Radical sheet, they declare to be utterly false and malicious and without a single fact to rest upon. In order to give expres sion to their feelings in regard to the matter, a large meeting of the white citi zens of the county was held in the Coart House at the village yesterday, at 12 o’clock. A reporter of,the Chronicle and Sentinel was present and obtained a full report of the proceedings. On motion, Dr. H. A. Shaw was called to the Chair, and Captain Lewis Jones requested to act as Secretary. General M. C. Butler said it was very well known that Edgefield had been in a state of excitement, brought about by the outrageous and injustifiable arrests made by the United States authorities. The whole air had been filled with ru mors of warrants. The movement was made by these miserable creatures for the purpose of intimidating the white people. It had been rumored that there was a warrant out for him because he had presumed, in his own county, to en deavor to throw off the yoke of the worst government the world ever saw. If he had violated the law he* was amenable to the lawss and responsible to it. But he did not intend to be responsible to the vile, miserable detectives who were in their midst, trying to alarm the good people of Edgefield. What had they done to violate the law ? It was said that he had been at the head of an armed band of Democrats, who broke up the ballot box at Currytown. He would show that for one violation of the law by white people there had been a dozen on the part of the negroes. The object of the Radical scoundrels was to bring about a collision between the United States soldiers and the white people of the State. But in this they had been foiled. The United States officers were gentlemen, and had no sympathy with the vile crow at Columbia. The Union- Herald said armed clubs at Shaw’s mills—the Sabre Chibs and Rifle Clubs —were present and prevented the ne groes from voting. He denounced that statement a malicious lie. He was at Shaw’s mills on that day, and everything was as quiet as on the streets of Edge field now. Not more than thirty white men were there, and every negro voted without molestation. He went to Co lumbia, and sent word to the United States Marshal that he was in town, and would acknowledge the service of a warrant if one was out against him. He went to the office of the Columbia Union-Herald and demanded the name of the author of the base slander pub lished in that paper. He was told that Thompson, the editor, was absent. He afterwards received the following note : Columbia, November 23d, 1874. Sir —Mr. Thompson returned some time on Friday, but I was not able to have any communication with him until very late on Saturday night. In answer to your inquiry he requests me to inform you that the statement in regard to the troubles in Edgefield on election day was brought to the office by United States Marshal Wallace. It was a verbatim report of the Deputy United States Marshal, who had been sent to Edgefield Court House on the day pre vious to its appearance. Yery respectfully, Your obedient servant, Thos. Cavender. Gen. M. C. Butler. He advised the people of Edgefield that if they were charged with violation of law to stay at home and not flee, thereby giving color to the base lies against them. It would be the height of cowardice if when the negroes were organizing militia the white people too did not organize for the protection of their families. He wanted to accord to the negro every right given him by the law, but in doing that he did not want to give up his own right. Let them meet in mass ’ meeting and say to the United States' authorities if there have been violations of law point out the vio lators, and we will assist you to arrest them. But do not send a set of vile United States Marshals throughout the country arresting citizens indiscrimi nately. Let the good people of the county meet next Monday and put the facts before the world, facts showing how false the slanders against the county have been. Mr. John C. Shepperd said he desired that the people should put upon record a denial of the vile charges made against them, and at the same time express their honest indignation that such charges should have been made. Was it to be attributed to wicked motives that a people should endeavor by all lawful means to carry an election upon which all their interests depended ? The prosecutions were based upon a totally false statement to the officials, and it was for this reason that he thought it best a meeting should be held and the real facts placed before the world. He moved that a committee of three be ap pointed, and that they be requested to report at a meeting to be held next Monday a true statement in relation to affairs in Edgfield since and during the election. Gen. M. 0. Butler said he was re quested by the managers of the election at Johnson’s to say that the negro killed there was killed three hours after the election; was several miles from John son’s; was not of age, and, therefore, could not have voted at all and was not killed until he had caught hold of the bridle rein, on the highway after dark, of the horse of the young man by whom he was shot. In regard to the election at Shaw’s mills, he would say there were no armed men there on that day. He saw only two guns and they were bird guns. The emeute at Currytown was commenced by the negroes themselves, who fired upon the whites. The latter were not anticipating anything of the kind. They returned the fire so wanton ly began by the negroes. Gen. Butler offered several resoluiions in regard to the appointment of a committee te in vestigate Radical outrages since the election and report at a meeting to be held next Monday. Major W. T. Gary said there had been five political arrests in the county. Not a single charge had been sustained, and all the parties had been released. Did not that show that a gross outrage had been committed somewhere ? Could the United States Marshals go about drag ging peaceable citizens from their homes ? If there was no law in Edge field county let the civilized know it. Let them prosecute these vile officials who had acted so lawlessly, and if they were convicted and afterwards pardoned, the people will at least have put the true state of the case before the world. General M. W. Gary suggested as an amendment to the resolutions that the committee appointed be instructed to find out how many gin houses, dwellings and barns had been burned since the election. General Butler accepted the amend ment. The resolutions thus amended were read as follows and unanimously adopt ed: Resolved, 1. That this meeting ad journ to meet at this place on Monday next, sale day, at 12 o’clock. Resolved, 2. That a committee of nine be appointed by the Chair, whose duty it shall be to.procure evidence of fraud, intimidation, violence or lawlessness by the Radical party* in the late election, and report the same at the proposed meeting on sale day, with an address to the people. Resolved, 3. That the said committee be charged with the duty of aseestain ing the number of gin houses, barns, and other buildings which have been burned since the election, and report and recommend a remedy for the pre vention of incendiarism. Resolved, 4. That the Edgefield Adver tiser be requested to publish in its next issue notice of the proposed meeting, requesting every good citizen in the county to attend. The Chairman appointed the following committee: General M. 0. Butler, J. C. Shepperd, P. B. Waters, Robert B. Watson, Wyatt L. Holmes, George Bhepperd, Jas. L. Mathews, J. H. Brooks, J. T. Culbreath. On motion, the meeting adjourned. After the adjournment, L. Simmons, colored, a former member of the South Carolina Legislature, came up volun tarily to the reporter and made the fol lowing statement: “I don’t think as much intimidation was used on the day of election by the white people as by the colored. I have beared colored men say that the shoot ing at Currytown was commenced by colored men. It was done for a purpose. I believe that the present state of excite ment has wrought up the colored peo ple, or the majority of them, to such a pitch that they don’t want peace. They tell me that they don’t want anything to do with me if I am for peace.” Simmons evidently speaks but the truth. The high-handed measures adopted by the United States Govern ment officials, the arresting of citizens upon the affidavits of worthless negroes, have given the latter such an opinion of their own importance that they want everything their own way. As General Butler said in his remarks, the white people of Edgefield are kindly disposed towards the negroes, and desire to ac cord to them every legal right, but are not willing, at the same time, to surren der their own rights. The Federal soldiers stationed in Edgefield left for Columbia last Friday night, and with them departed States Commissioner Eaton and the in famous Hubbard. It was rumored yes terday, however, that an officer and ten men had been ordered back, and that more arrests would be made upon their arrival. The _ whole proceeding, it is said, is very distasteful to the Federal officers, bnt they are obliged to obey orders. To what complexion have we come at last, when the army of the United States is used as a constable’s posse, a guard for such fellows as Hubbard and Eaton, dragging quiet, inoffensive citizens from their homes and families. Thank Hea ven this cannot last always. The mills of the gods grind slowly, but they grind very fine. The Old Age of Lexington. Nine miles from Frankfort, on the road to Lexington, stands one of the finest and richest farms in Kentucky that owned by Mr. Alexander. On this superb stock farm we saw 300 blooded horses, ranging in rank from old “Lex ington,” the monarch of the turf, to the kittenish and frisky yearling. Here also Mr. Alexander has collected SIOO,OOO worth of cattle, comprising some of the finest stock in the world, and peeping into the enclosure where the costly cat tle were kept, we saw one diminutive heifer worth $27,000, and a variety of foreign creatures whose value seemed fabulous. On this farm are bred the great majority of fine trotting and run ning horses which appear in our parks during the racing season. Mr. Alex ander’s estate, which is admirably stock ed with fine farm houses, barns and stables, and which is more like a ducal manor than the ordinary American farm, extends over 3.200 acres. Nearby is old John Harper’s modest farm of 2,000 acreß. The roads, the stone walls and the fine lawns covered with massive shade trees, make a series of delightful pictures.- The annual sale of horses on the Alexander farm occurs in June.— Only yearling colts are sold. Hundreds of people from all the country around, and from every State in the Union, flock to this sale. An immense barbecue is held, and high wassail marks the con clusion of the occasion. Wo paid a respectful visit to old “Lexington,” the mighty sire of a mightier equine family. He is now quite blind, a veteran of twenty-two, afflicted with goitre, and stood gazing in the direction from which our voices came, a melancholy wreck of his former greatness. The princes of the race course of the present galloped by, neigh ing and pawing the ground, as if an noyed at our presence. One of them, named “Asteroid,” so far forgot his princely dignity as to charge inconti nently upon the fence where we were seated, and. the artist has depicted the result in a spirited sketch. The negro men who manage these erratic brutes undergo all sorts of perilous adventures, but they seem to possess as many lives as a eat, and, like that animal, always land on their feet, no matter how far the plunging and rearing horses may throw them.— Edward King; Scribner's Jor December, Meeting of the National Grange in Charleston. The National Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, of the United States, will commence its annual session in Charleston on the first Wednesday in February, 1875. It will be a great oc casion for this city, for the State of South Carolina, and for the South gene rally—indeed, we may say, for the whole country, since it will promote, as nothing else could, the true unity of the Republic and fraternal feeling and kind liness among the people of all parts of our land. It will bring here representa tive men from every State and Territo ry of the Union, and from the British Provinces, all working together for the common good, and all bound to each other by the most sacred obligations and the closest brotherly ties. The specta cle will be impressive, and its signifi cance of the gravest import. The rep resentatives of the Granges come here for work, and that work will be of the most serious and important character. We trust it will be wisely performed. But we believe in recreation as well as in work, and the Patrons of Charleston and of the State intend to provide such means of reoreation as will make the visit of our brothers and sisters from abroad as pleasant as we have no doubt it will be profitable. Next month we hope to be able to give our programme of reception and entertainment in full. In the meantime, brothers and sisters of the North, the South, the East and the West, be assured that a warm, hearty, fraternal welcome awaits you in this fa mous old historic “City by the Sea.” We open the doors of our homes and our hearts with true Southern hospitality to all who come with the pass words and signs of the “Noble Order of Patrons.” —Rural Carolinian for December. The Coliseum. —A correspondent of the London Times has written a singu larly interesting account of what may fairly be called the disinterment of the Coliseum, now proceding under the direction of Signor Rosa; and the pic ture which it presents of the engineer ing ingenuity, as well as architectural splendor, which the Romans devoted to their truculent sports, is rather awful. The excavations have now laid bare part of the arena, which is proved to have been a solid floor, paved with herring bone work, and not a movable platform. Upon the arena converged a number of large tunnel-shaped corridors, having a series of lateral chambers vast enough to accommodate scores of animals, and with an adjustment of gates such that, without danger to the keepers, even the hundred lions, recorded by Vop ; scus as having bounded on its floor together, might be shown to the 87,000 lords of creation in the amphitheatre. A mag nified corridor, not yet perfectly clear ed, but having evidently no lateral gal leries, doubtless represents the passage through which the gladiator emerged to his duel and the martyr to his cross. Through it, too, it would seem, were re moved the slaughtered corpses and car passes, while the applause of the au dience and the bellowing of the other beasts waiting for their gates to swing round most have made terrible liar monies. Governob Smith on the Greeley Movement. —Below we give an extract from Governor Smith’s speech at the late jollification at Columbus. Governor Smith said: In 1872 the Democratic party made a self-denial and abnegation unequalled, and so took their life-long enemy, the man who fought us—an hon est man, to be sure—bnt we took him as an" evidence of our honesty, and so showed onr devotion to principle. Oth ers went for Greeley, men who were willing to act with their enemies, who were willing to sacrifice past hates for national success. These men acted with Greeley in the party they were fighting for, and we honor them for their sublime self-denial. Some cry out "its a great mistake! Never vote for a man that don’t belong to the party 1” But let me say that our success to-night is all due to the sacrifices we made in ’72. Tell me not that snch sacrifices do not count. This pledge on the altar of country has won, for it is a law of Heaven that such virtue ever wins. It bore not fruit then. We now thank God the little leaven has leavened the whole lump. A writer in an exchange says that if the emigration movement succeeds in carrying off the idle loafers around Georgia cities and xowns it will do a heap of good. But the trouble is, kick these sort of folks down stairs and they will get up and walk straight back. Judge Winburn, of Gainesville, has established “Clubßates” for marrying people. Single pair, $2 50; two, $2; five, 75 cents; six, 50 cents; seven, 25 cents, and the privilege of kissing the handsomest bride— invariably in ad vance. Services free to all getters np of Clabs, NUMBER 49. THE MUNICIPAL ELECTION. A Quiet Day—The Regular Democratic Ticket Elected. . The annual election for Mayor and members of Council of the city of Au gusta took place yesterday. The polls were opened at 8, a. m., and closed at 2, p. m. There was no opposition to the regular Democratic ticket except in the Fourth Ward, where Dr. M. J. Jones ran as an independent candidate for Councilman. Everything was conduct ed in the most orderly manner. • First Ward. The polls were opened at the Scale House, by G. A. Snead, J. P., Wm. R. McLaws, Esq., and Mr. J. W. Rigsby. The total number of voters registered in this ward was 389—whites, 357; color ed, 32. The total number of votes cast was 164, as follows: For Mayor—Clias. Estes 153 J. F. Burnett 8 Jno. Davis 1 For Counoilmen—Jas. F. Thompson. 164 Geo. R. Sibley 159 Jno. U. Meyer 156 A. M. Brodie 1 Messrs. Burnett, Davis and Brodie were not candidates. Second Ward. The polls were opened at the City Hall, by Fred. Williams, J. P,, Henry Myers and Charles G. Goodrich. Num ber of registered votes, 390—whites, 353; colored, 37. Total number of votes cast, 115, as follows: For Mayor—Chas. Estes 108 J. F. Burnett 2 For Counoilmen—J. K. Evans 11l J. B.’ Pournelle 11l Thos. G. Barrett 106 Wm. P. Bottom 2 Messrs. Burnett and Bottom were not candidates. Third Ward, The polls were opened at Vigilant Engine House, by E. M. Habersham, J. P., Wm. H. Goodrich and Dennis Owens. Number of registered voters, 389—whites, 355; colored, 34. Total number of votes cast, 181, as follows: For Mayor—Charles Estes 170 John Vaughan 2 David Lyons 3 0. G. Butler 1 For Councilmen—Alex. Philip 172 Wm. Bennett 166 Dr. DeS. Ford 163 J. O. Mathewson 15 F. Spears 4 W. H. McKinley 1 E. T. Miller.. 1 W. J. Blair 1 Messrs. Charles Estes, Alex. Philip, Wm. Bennett and Dr. Ford were the only candidates, these gentlemen being the regular Democratic nominees. Fourth Ward. The polls were opened at Citizen En gine House, by E. D. Wingard, J. P., T. W. Olive, and John Brislan. Number of registered voters, 551—whites, 411; colored, 140. Total number of votes cast, 429, as follows : For Mayor—Chas. Estes 418 John Davis 1 For Cnuncilmen—M. E. Hill 383 T. W. Car wile 336 H. M. Boardman. .289 M. J. Jones 151 M. M. Hall 1 G. W. Conway 1 Doris 1 W. W. Jones 1 Messrs. John Davis, M. M. Hall, G. W. Conway, Doris and W. W. Jones were not candidates. Messrs. Estes, Hill, Carwile and Boardman were tho regular nominees, and <Dr. M. J. Jones an independent candidate. Recapitulation. For Mayor. Jst. 2d. 3d. 4th. Total. Chas. Estes 153 108 170 418 849 J. F. Burnett... 8 2 John Vaughan.. David Lyons —3 —3 C. G. Butler.... John Davis 1 l2 Members of Council Elected—First Ward: James F. Thompson, George R. Sibley, John U. Meyer. Second Ward: J. K. Evans, J. B. Pournelle, T. G. Bar rett. Third Ward: Alexander Philip, Wm. Bennett, Dr. DeSaussure Ford. Fourth Ward: M. E. Hill, T. W. Car wile, H. M. Boardman. Total number of votes registered in the city, 1,719; total number of votes cast, 889. Mammoth Cave—A Scene in the Star Chamber. The “Ball Room” is a mighty cham ber, admirably fitted for the dance, with even a rocky gallery, in which an or chestra lias, from time to time, been placed, when gay parties from Louis ville and other neighboring cities have engaged in festivities with music and torches. A short distance beyond looms up a huge mass of rock known as the Giant’s Coffin. Passing the deserted chamber, the “ Wooden Bowl Cave,” where oxide of iron and lime are sprin kled. on the floor, and crossing the “Bridge of Sighs,” we came at last to the “Star Chamber.” Here our guide had prepared a gen uine surprise for us. "Mysteriously com manding ns to be seated in a dark cor ner, he suddenly seized the lights, and saying that he would return to find ns on the morrow, withdrew. We heard his sonorous voice echoing along the galleries as he hurried back over the pathway, and while we were yet wonder ing" what was the object of this sudden manoßUver we saw above us twi kling stars, and seemed to catch a glimpse of the biue sky from which we had thought ouiselves shut out by the solid rock. Indeed, so strange was the illusion that we fancied we could feel the fresh air blowing upon ns, and, for a few moments, imagined that the guide had conveyed us by some rounda bout way to the mouth of the cave, and then had hastily left us, that he might enjoy our surprise. But presently we heard his voice, confessing the cheat which he had practiced upon us. The dark ceiling of the Star Chamber is cov ered with a myriad sparkling incrusta tions which resembles the stars, and the artful guide, by a careful display of his lamps and the use of Bengal lights, had produced a magical effect. The ceiling, which was not more than forty feet from our heads, had seemed remote as the heavens. It was like the early dawn, when the stars seem no longer to belong in the sky, and when they are gradually fading away. The guide, in the dis tance, imitated to perfection the crow ing of the morning cock, and then burst into loud laughter as, removing the lamps, he took away with them the de ceit, and returned to us .—Edward King ; Scribner's for December. TOPICS OP THE STATE. H. B. Lightfoot, of East Macon, is dead. Judge Weems, who was paralyzed at Macon, is no better. Dr. Irvine delivered a sermon on tem perance at Thomson on the 25th. Rev. L. G. Steed, a Baptist minister of McDuffie county, died on the 27th ult. There is one and one-quarter candi date for every one hundred voters in Bibb county. Since September Ist to last night Co lumbus has warehoused 31,616 bales of cotton, against 23,851 last year, showing an increase of 7,765. Since the suspension of the Street Railroad, which charged five cents, sev eral hack lines have started up in Ma con at the low rate of fifty. And McDuffie has a brass band “though very recently organized, and all the members totally inexperienced, they have already acquired a proficiency in music highly creditable.” Boully, of the Hamilton Vindicator, is just beginning to crow over the late election. He puts up a huge chicken which looks like a reversed rainbow with feet stuck in it, but altogether heroic. Groveling at the feet of this Goliath bird is a miserable little dead bantam. To take a level month to crow over an election is what we call sober, conserva tive and honest Democracy. The McDuffie Journal: On the morn ing of the 26th of November last, Mr. Daniel P. Marshall, of Columbia coun ty, was found dead in his room, with a bullet hole through the heart, and his pistol, a common Colt’s revolver, lying near him on the floor, with one barrel discharged. The unfortunate young man was a Confederate soldier, lost one arm in the service and at the time of his death was living on the place of the Misses Crawford, near Appling. He was found lying on a pallet before the fire place. It has been suggested as a probable solu tion of the affair that he may have been engaged in loading or repairing his pis tol, in doing which, having only one hand, he usually held his pistol between his knees, and met his death by the ac cidental discharge of the weapon,
