OLD SERIES—VOL. UXXII.
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Address WALSH 4 WRIGHT,
Cbhosiole 4 Hxstiskl, August*. G*.
Ctjromcle ant> smtinel.
WEDNESDAY... BEPTBER 22, 1875.
MINOR TOPICS.
Dr. Mary Walker say* some ladle* prefer
voluminous dresses, whilst to the
pnli baek skirts, bill te for her, her trie"
pnll-on kind or give her death.
The pale, Bad-looking young men whom one
occasionally moots in the street are not con
sumptive, are not mourning the loss of a
friend, and are not divinity students. They
are breaking in tight boot*.
How sweetly sang Shelley:
We know not where we go, or what sweet
dream
May pilot through caverns strange and fair
Uf far and pathless passion!
liut wo do know that sliced cucumbers, im
prudently indulged in, will often double us up
qnito unexpectedly, and make us yearn, for a
glorious hereafter.
A ro|>orter paid his dentist in this way: “Dr.
Crouse, the well known and popular dentist,
whoso fame a* au ojierator upon the hnman
tooth is as widespread as the heavens above,
is about to leave his immense practice for a
few days' shooting Inlndiana, where the sternly
ami which has so often tom the stubborn
molar from its resting place will direct the
fatal pellot upon the gentle woodcock and fast
flying snipe.”
An exchange tells us that the new style of
pantaloons to be worn this Fall will be large
ouongh to tie hack. Also, that a modest man
can't climb a ladder with a pair of 'em on.
rtenator Ikmtwell is In speak in publio on
the stage and, lifting the skirts of his reti
oenco. so to spoak, exhibit the striped stock
ings of his inner consciousness on the ourrency
question.
The editor of the Mohawk Valley Register
had got into wator four feet deep when his
friends succeeded in persuading him not to
commit suicide. A man in a profession afford
ing him so many facilities for working himself
to death ought to he ashamed of such dastard
ly impatience.
Olive Logan writos that dresses at the North
are growing shorter and shorter in front, to
that extent that it is almost as impossible not
to know what sort of hose as what sort of noso
a lady wears. Huoh exquisite and wonderful
patterns of hosiery as are displayed is quite
overwhelming.
The flouring mills of Minneapolis ground
last year 6,592,500 bushels of grain, and the
lumber mills in the same placo turned out in
1873, 191,803,679 feet of manufactured lumber
and 167,753,006 shingles. One of tho flour
mills is tho largest in tho world, and has a pro
ducing capacity of 1,400 barrels a day.
l’eoplu who arc aiUiotod with mosquitoos will
bo pleased to know that tho buzzing wherewith
the diligent iuseot onliveus tho night is tho
way in which ho oalls his mate. He does not
make this noise in sheer malice, but lie sings
to his swoetheart, and those onrious creatures
liateu to each other with their feelers. The
snteuma vibrate to different notee, and so tho
delicate croatures oommuno with each other in
darkness.
A Wostem man has invented a shell which
deserves the immediate attention of Secretary
Koboaon ; “It is filled with small shells, and
when it burets among ten thousand soldiers,
theao smaller shells aro scattered in all direc
tions, and bursting in turn. Bond out still
smaller shells, which travel around recklessly,
and by the time tho miniature shells,contained
in the third size explode, the army is nearly
wiped out, and tho few men remaining want to
go homo.”
The Now York 7Vitome soems to havo a
spite against colleges. Hoar the graduate of
the tall tower relato his experience; If the
colleges educate a few master minds for pro
fessional and Itierary life, they also Bpoil a
great many excellent farmers and business
men. How many third and fourth rate law
years, doctors and ministers there are who
might have mado first-rate farmers and trades
men if thoy had not goue to college and
learned to look down upon their fathers' call
ing I Mediocrity cannot be devlo|>ed into
genius by a college forcing process any more
than a dandelion under glass can become a
rose-geranium.
The experiment of shipping peaches to Liv
erpool has proved a temporary failure. Through
had calculation the supply of ice was exhaust
ed when the voyage was but little more than
half completed, and though the peaches kept
in perfect order for soveral days after, when
the vessel arrived at her dock they were too
rottou to be of any value. The peach-growors
ought not to be at all discouraged at this re
sult, aiuce under tho oiruumstanoes none other
could have boon and before the sea
son closes they should make another trial un
der more favorable anspioea. If ice is the only
thing necessary to bring poaches sound into
tho English markets we ought to be able to
send them over next year in quantity.
“ Young wife and mother, make yonr home
a place of beauty,” etc., etc., etc. Do, my
dear. Kiss your husband the minute ho comes
home, and tnrn tho cat out of his easy chair.
Him for the two S s (spittoon and slippers)
and let the baby squall. Give him the best of
the pudding and eat the burned part yourself.
l*ut the mealy potatoes on his plate, and tell
him you prefer the water soaked. He happy
while he sits on two chairs and reads the
paper to himself. Enjoy the smoke of hie
strong tobacco, and if yon cough tell him that
you left the yard gate open aud caught cold.
Smile when he jerks off his shirt buttons, and
pretend you think the washerwoman did it.
Smile moro sweetly when he “wonders if yon
will ever cook as mother did.” Talk a great
deal about mother. Smile sweetest of all
when he comes home from the lodge, walking
sideways to keep the floor from striking him.
Listen witli a beaming countenance while be
praises the best looking girl of your acquaint
ance, and asks you why you do not do up your
back liair like hers. Shed all your tears in
secret, when, after having helped him into his
best white liuen suit, yon see him go off to
the pic-nie with widow Smith, "who dreeeee so
well, by Jove 1* If he offers you fifty cents
when yon tell him Jimmy's shoes are won,
out. remember that be always smokes the best
cigars, ami—bless him. Keep bleesing lum,
and when yon die you shall be—as quickly
forgotten as yon deserve to he. Amen.
I\ B—His name ought to be "Tommy, my
love.” .
The i>re]ratione that are making for the
visit of tho Prince of Wales to India are of
the most elaborate description. The London
papers report that for some time (vast work
men have been employed upon the Serapia,
which was selected for the conveyance of the
Prinoe to and from India, and although at the
present time upwards of four hundred men
are engaged upon the big white>hnlled trooper,
the authorities have a somewhat arduous task
to complete her ready for departure early in
October. She is to be fitted out in the most
gorgeous manner, and supplied with the finest
water bottles, decanters, barometers, carpets,
etc. The East India Bailway Company are
constructing a royal train especially for this
occasion. It is to consist of five carriages, ene
or which is to be a state reception saloon, one
a sleeping carriage, two carriages for the staff,
and one for the personal attendants of his
Koval Highness. The reception saloon and
sleeping carriage are furnished and uphol
stered in a very elegant style. Extensive al
terations and improvements are also being ef
fected at the Government House. A suite of
apartments will be fitted up especially for the
Prince’s private use, and the old throne is to
be replaced by an elegant structure, the dra
pery of which will consist of the finest crim
son velvet, trimmed with gold and emblazoned
with the royal arms. It appears also that the
Nizam s Government is making preparations
on a munificent scale for the reception of the
Prinoe at the capital of the Deccan Very
costly furniture has been ordered through a
European firm in Madras, to grace the royal
banqueting hall to be fitted np for the occa
sion.
MR. DAVIS’ SPEECH.
Mr. Davis’ speech at DeSoto, Mo.,
will commend itself to the attention of
the readers of the Chronicle and Sen
tinel. Radical partizans will hud in it
nothing to condemn, and good men
everywhere will find in it mnch to ap
prove. The New York Tribune in com
menting on this speech says that it “is
to bo commended for its fraternal and
hopeful tone, as well as for the good
taste displayed in avoidance of those
topics which mast have pressed most
forcibly, under the circumstances, up
on tho minds of both speaker and au
dience; while the reflections and sug
gestions in regard to the development
of the Mississippi Valley are interesting
as the ripe thoughts of one who has
given the subject intelligent and careful
consideration.”
This approval from the Trilrune will
be gratifying to the people of the South,
who have the highest respect and ad
miration for the character of Mr. Davis.
Tho work of peace and reconciliation
between the North and South will be
hastened by the utterance pf such fra
ternal and national sentiments os are
contained in the address of Mr. Davis.
The marked respect paid him by promi
nent Republicans in Missouri shows
that the —■**
w#tiiuaaMi*g away.
FEMALE EDUCATION.
Education is an old, old subject, truly;
tho theme of many a school girl’s com
position and of many a youqg man’s first
school address, but ever growing in im
portance. Burke’s aphorism that “edu
cation is the best and cheapest protec
tion of nations” is os true and wise a
sentiment as was ever uttered, and what
is the best sort of education and tho most
effective manner of obtaining or imparting
it are questions which of late have been
much discussed among those interested
in the subject. Mr. Stephens’ recent
address at a school in Hoaston county,
published in the Chronicle and Sen
tinel, has met with much comment and
approval, thongh there aro still many
teachers to be found in the land, prin
cipally in tho rural districts, who go con
siderably boyond the six hours a day
which he insists is as much time as
pnpils should bo required to devote to
brain-work, or study in the school
room. Wo agree with Mr. Stephens as to
the evils of the excessive brain-work of
childreu, but what we wish more par
ticularly to calkattention to now is the
kind of education which is given to the
girls of the middle and higher classes
in onr schools. There seems to us
to be a radical mistake among peo
ple of means in the general theory
of female education. The public
schools do not, perhaps, so much
fall into it, but the majority of private
academies, schools aud oolleges for
young girls are constantly committing it.
What wo allude to is the “cramming”
system in teaching girls. A young lady
leaves one of the children’s schools, and,
at fifteen or sixteen, enters a fashion
able city sohool, or “institute,” or col
lege. She has but three years of study,
for at eighteen, or at latest, nineteen,
sho must “come out.” When her broth
er enters college, or the university, she
finishos. She has but three short years;
and in them she must cram French,
latin, algebra, geometry, rhetoric,
natural philosophy, chemistry, logic,
mental philosophy, history, “composi
sition,” and mnsio, drawing, and em
broidery. Sho has not at "those years
the solid bodily vigor of a young man.
She is “weighted,” moreover, with her
accomplishments.
Tho lad has no two or threo hours’
work in “practicing,” aud probably no
drawing, and certainly no embroidery or
tine needlework to do. Yet, she under
takes to finish in three years what he
only half accomplished in four or six.
The programme before her is something
alarming; yet she devotes herself hero
ically to carry it out. She attempts one
after another of these half dozen diffi
cult and exacting studies. Being quick
in faculties, and especially in memo
rizing, she manages to make a good show
at recitation. Sho passes a creditable
examination, and after threo years
of this undigested swallowing of
all sorts of Btndies, receives her
diploma and graduates. But what
has she for it nil ? Iu all likeli
hood a broken constitution, aud almost
certainly a head ooufnsedly tilled with
fragments of knowledge, and no healthy,
solid, mental habitß.
It is insuch training that the mistiness
of women’s minds is acquired. So many
seem deficient in clear conceptions.
Their progress, outsido of their own
sphere, is so olton deficient. Their
oultnro is superficial. Such large num
bers of them have not, in many cases,
that pleasantest faculty of culti
vated women—of appreciating. These
orammed students are not found
afterward leading society. They have
not the indefinite charm of real culture.
They caunot even teach or guide the
teaching thoroughly of their own chil
dren. Their schooling does not in the
least fit them for practical life. They
are not trained in the thoroughness and
exactness which make a woman suited
for many of the heavy duties of the
world. If called npon to support them
selves, they are not found to have a
careful education for anything. We be
lieve all this could be obviated. A young
girl’s education ought to be, in its plan,
as near as possible like a boy’s. It
should be simple, solid, and slow. No
excessive task should be allowed. Time
enough should be given. The pareut or
the teacher must remember that it is
not given each person to kuow every
thing, and that a little, thoroughly
known, is a preparation for all other
knowledge. Accomplishments, of course,
and household duties must be picked
up by every girl, and might be learned
in the intervals of her regular course.
The plan which we think she should be
put upon would preserve her health.
What was known would be known thor
oughly. The intelligent woman would be
interested in a man’s topics, while she
would be fitted for her own sphere.
Spkamxo of the charge of Judge H.
% . Johnson and the acqnittal of the ne
gro insurgents in Georgia, the Capital
says: “Our contemporary, the Republi
can, heads the announcement of this
fact as ‘The Black Man Vindicated,’
whereas it is in truth the white man vin
dicated—vindicated in the face of the
oppressions of so many years, in the
face of the old and new slanders which
have been heaped upon them by the Re
publican press, party and carpet-bag
gers. The action of the Georgia au
thorities has done more than any event
since the war to enlighten the public
and to lead the country back to the
doctrine of legitimate State rights. We
repeat, that it is the first fair opportu
nity that a Southern State has had of
acting in its own independent sover
eignty in a case involving the antago
nism of races, and the negro con Id not
have received fairer treatment in the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts."
Dr. Shelton, of New Salem, Texas,
went to his gate to see who was calling
him, and was shot dead by an unknown
assassin, who escaped. .
Mr. Bryant has read the proofs of the
first part "of his “History of the United
States," and the opening volume will be
ready before the holidays.
ROCHDALE
In the made
at the meeting 0 County
Council of Granjj^^ lß4 Saturday, onr
farmer friends .J adera - a clasß with
which, we are tho Chboni
&.;•! pi •vlf.tr.- and
f, ' u the live
liest Jrang ’ l Qt 'Ut refer
c.MHß*' • i!y
particul Aiken. As
many will r0:ld the vel 7
fl,ll re AND Hf.NTI
0f Rosney Chapel
may no- concerning that
system, the rules
which to all co
operativu^^^^l - They are:
First. th® authority and protection
of th e i aw —that is, get a char
ter. Recount 0 ’ integrity, intelligence ahd
qualifications in the
manager, and not wealth
or Let each member have
Mll jy , distinction an
ft ri&arfe, in', in. inl.-i nr..
, v ;
, Look well
fraud, when
duly
-SaSnss jSsmible, In the ftraf markets; or, it
yon have the produce of your industry to tell,
contrive, it possible, to sell it in tho last.
Heventh. Never depart from the principle of
buying and Belling for ready money. Eighth.
Beware of long reckonings ; quarterly accounts
are the best, and should be adopted when
practicable. Ninth. For the sake of security,
always have the acconnted value of the “ fixed
stock ” at least one-fourth less than its mar
ketable value. Tenth. Let members lake care
that the accounts aro properly audited by men
of their own choosing. Eleventh. Let com
mittees of management always have the au
thority of the members before takiug any im
portant or expensive step. Twelfth. Do not
court opposition or publicity, nor fear it when
it comes. Thirteenth. Choose those only for
yonr loaders whom you can trust, then give
them your ooufidouce.”
As to the wisdom contained in these
rules thero can be but ono opinion. All
experience shows the necessity of having
the protection of the law. And it is
equally clear that integrity, intelligence
and ability are far superior as qualifica
tions to wealth aud distinction. Yet how
ofteu do we find these good qualities in
poor men passed by, and men who
simply possess piles of bricks instead
sought out for officers. Rochdale is
right in placing honesty, intelligence
and ability above wealth or distinction.
They know that it was men made up of
that kind of material or rather those
qualities of soul that founded their great
society, and built up the co-operative
movement, and not men of wealth and
distinction.
It is also important and indispensably
necessary that men should vote, and
not wealth. The capitalistic institutions
give votes to shares, and as a natural
consequence the rich rule in the interest
of themselves. Money stands supreme
and linman beings are lost sight of.
Rochdale co-operation keeps human
beings in sight all the time, and makes
wealth subservient to their well-beiDg.
The principle that majorities should
rule, if carried out as advised, will ef
fectually prevent usurpation and every
form of legislation not authorized by
the society or people. Rochdale re
quires every committee or representa
tive to simply carry out the wishes of
the body they represent, and in that
way preserve pure republican rule.
In money matters she requires a strict
account of everything to be kept, and
has a standing auditing committee to
examine and insist on a proper system
of accounts, and every three months
these accounts are totalled in balance
sheet form, so as to show the whole
transaction with all essential particulars,
and this, in printed form, is given four
times a year to each member, besides
being published to the world. The
principle of paying cash for everything
they buy, and requiring ftie same of
others, is one of those kind of things that
leads to the complete emancipation from
all debt, and, if carried out nationally,
would of course place a nation in the
same independent position that a mem
ber of the Rochdale society is in, and
wipe out all the monstrous evils and
burdens of the credit system. There is
nothing more to be desired than the re
lease of onr farmers froth- the thraldom
of debt, and we note with pleasure all
such meetiugs as that at Rosney Chapel,
for it is at them that good seed are sown
which we cannot bnt hope will produce
in time the rich fruit cf emancipation
and independence of our farming popu
lation, without which our beautiful
South can never attain that position to
whioh her fertile soil and genial clime
so constantly and earnestly call her.
Unappreciated in Ohio and Maine,
Morton has retnrned to his old stamp
ing ground and made a speech at Rock
ville, Ind., last Tnesdav, the burden of
which was that tho States have no
rights which a casnal majority in Con
gress aro bound te respect. Of course
Morton will modify his views some
what on this subject so soon as the De
mocracy gets control of both houses. In
the course of his speech this Radical
high priest said:
I want the whole nation to believo that the
great doctrine enunciated nearly one hundred
years ago, that all men were created equal, is
the true, the noble, the only safe doctrine.
We cannot go to the South, they must come to
us. I see that Jefferson Davis has been in
vited to come to the Northern States to speak
to them. I think this is a diseased state of
public feeling.
The Nashville American pertinently
asks: “Now what would Morton have
us poor ex-rebels do ? He says he can
not go to the Sonth, we must come to
him. But when a representative ex
rebel makes a move toward him, on
special invitation, Morton exclaims,
‘This is a diseased state of pablic feel
ing.’ He will and he won’t. Wo are
damned if we do, and damned if we
don’t.”
The Holly Springs (Miss.) South says:
“With a heartless alien in nowise iden
tified with the State as Governor; an ig
norant, corrupt and drnnken Lieutenant
Governor, a State Superintendent of
Education shingled over with indict
ments for criminal and penitentiary
offenses ; a judiciary, with few excep
tions, incompetent and wanting in pub
lio confidence; a Legislature with a ma
jority of its members profoundly igno
rant of everything they ought to know,
and wholly incapable of comprehending
the wants of the State or their duties
and obligations, and the condition of
the State annually growing worse and
the people poorer and poorer, what but
the love of the loaves and fishes of office
can attract to Radicalism, the governing
party in Mississippi, a single person of
sense and honesty.”
The Kentucky delegation will nomi
nate the Hon. G. M. Adams for the
Clerkship, and in doing so it will act
not merely as a unit, but will represent
a universal and live sentiment through
out the State. Mr. Adams retired from
Congress at the close of the last session
voluntarily, and after an honorable ser
vice of eight years. He has sat since
1867 for a district composed of a tier of
mountain counties, which in 1866 gave a
Republican majority of nearly seven
thousand votes.— Courier-Journal.
The Massachusetts Republican State
Convention will consist of 1,130 mem
bers.
AUGUSTA, GA., WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 22, 1875.
SOCIALISM.
A cable telegram in this morning’s
paper brings intelligence of the spread
of “socialism” in linssia, and of the in
dictment of a large number of men and
women charged with it.
In the various forms nnder which so
ciety has existed, private property, in
dividual industry and enterprise, and
the right of marriage and the family
have been recognized. Of late years
several schemes of social arrangement
have been proposed, in which one or all
of these ptinciples have been abandoned
or modified. These schemes may be
comprehended under the general term
of socialism. The motto of them all is
solidarite, or fellowship and mutual re
sponsibility. Communism demands a
community of goods or property. Four
ierism, or Philansterism, is the system
of Charles Fourier, who advocated the
plan of reorganizing society into so
many philansteries, containing each
from five hundred to two thousand per
sons, upon principles similar to those of
joint stock companies ; the members to
live in one spacious edifice, cultivating
a common domain, the proceeds to be
shared according to the amount of capi
tal, skill or labor invested each.
This system had at ouo time many dis
whom was Mr. Greeley, bnt many
efforts to reduce it to practice
failed to achieve any decisive result.
Saint Simonianism or Humanitarian
ism is the system of Claude Henri,
Count de Saint Simon, who thought that
the present evils of society were to be
remedied by a just division of the fruits
of common labor between its members.
St. Simon, early in life, was a soldier
in the war of Afmerican independence,
under Count Rochambeau ; ho then ac
quired a fortune in certain commercial
speculations, and expended it in ex
hausting all the experiences that mod
ern civilized society could famish. He
gathered abont him all the scientific
men, and learned from them what they
could teach; ho plunged into the
dissipations and debaucheries of
fashionable life, giving balls, dinners,
and festivals, to extend his knowledge
of mankind; and finally, when his wealth
had been scattered, he was abandoned
to the most painful privations and
miseries of a state of poverty. He was
thus fitted, as he thought, by a trial of
all the conditions of humanity, to be
come their exponent and their reformer,
and he contrived what he denominated
anew Christianity, or a scheme for the
reconstruction of the religion, politics,
industry, and sooial relations of man
kind. To each man according to his
capacity, to each capacity according to
its works; such was the grand formula
of the St. Simonian gospel. But the
author did not live to witness its propa
gation. After his death his disciples
formed an association, called the St.
Simonian family, whieh, after the
French revolution of 1830, rose rapidly
into notoriety and favor. With the no
tions common to many other social re
formers the members of this association
united the doctrine that tho division of
the goods of the community should be
in. due proportion to the merits or
oapacity of the recipient, and the
government of the society was to
be Entrusted to a hierarchy con
sisting of a supremo pontiff, apostles,
and disciples of the first, second, and
third order. Practical difficulties arose
in carrying the scheme into execution,
and, in 1832, the association was dis
persed by the French Government on
account of their immoral and licentious
practices. It is perhaps because of its
tendency to these that Russia is dealing
so sternly with the socialism which the
cable tells us is spreading in that em
pire and lias its most ardent propagand
ists in the upper classes.
The New York Times makes the fol
lowing excellent comment on Governor
Ames’ effort to flood Mississippi with
Federal soldiers : “ Attorney-General
Pierrepont seems to reduce Governor
Ames’ Mississippi ‘insurrection’ to very
small dimensions. His advices are that
there are no disturbances of any conse
quence in the State, and his opinion is
that such disturbances as exist must be
dealt with by the Governor in. the first
instance, aud until his power is absolute
ly exhausted. This is good law and
common sense, and is the position with
reference to this class of questions which
we have repeatedly had occasion to urge
on the National Administration. The
country will receive the expressions of
Mr. Pierrepont’ with entire approba
tion.”
PERSONAL AND POLITICAL.
A. T. Stewart has presented to his
chief snperintendent a house worth $30,-
000.
Rev. Dr. Alex. Martin, of Virginia,
has been elected President of Ashbury
University, Indianapolis.
The Republicans of the Third Missis
sippi District Wednesday nominated
Finnis H. Little for Congress.
Walter Grant, of Fitchburg, Mass.,
seventy-three years old, was congratu
lated last Sunday as the father of his
twenty-first child.
George William Curtis, says the Al
bany Argus, went to the Republican
State Convention thinking that he was
“going to a funeral.”
Henry Wilson would be one of the
saviors of the party in Massachusetts,
the Springfield Republican thinks, if
he had not a prior engagement.
King Alfonso’s prospective wife, the
Infanta Mercedes, is just fifteen years
old. Her mother was only fourteen
when she married the Duke de Mont
pensier.
Senator. Paddock has gone to Wash
ington to obtain some death warrants
for Federal officials in Nebraska who do
not realize that there is no off year in
politics.’
Leading Republican politicians of
Pennsylvania admit that if Hayes is
beaten in Ohio the contest in the Key
stone State will be a mighty tough one
for them.
The Grand Duko Alexis of Russia,
who incurred his father’s displeasure by
a secret marriage, has been divorced
from his wife, and is now happy in the
Imperial forgiveness.
Foley’s statue of Stonewall Jackson
arrived in Baltimore on Thursday. It
will be taken to Richmond and erected
in Capitol Square, a short distance from
the equestrian statue of Washington.
Carl Schurz will speak for the Repub
licans in Ohio, and Mr. Schurz has fine
feline whiskers, which feel the drift of
the wind far in advance of the coarser
clay of the common politician.—Phila
delphia Press.
Mr. Kirkwood, Republican candidate
for Governor in lowa, having been in
terviewed by a delegation from the Fe
male Suffrage Association, replied fear
lessly that he was a “believer in the dis
tant advent of woman suffrage.”
Booth, Independent Senator from
California, might as well be securing
tickets of admission to the Democratic
sanctuary. Otherwise he will be more
ornamental than useful for several years
to come. —Cincinnati Enquirer ( Dem .)
Judge Pierrepont has been a sore dis
appointment to the bloody-shirt shakers.
They feel like exclaiming with the Phila
delphia Times: “Pierrepont may be a
better lawyer than Williams, but he
can’t rnn an outrage mill. And here are
elections coming off, and no troops. It
is too bad.”
It is with feelings of the profoundest
j gloom that the sad duty is performed of
j recording the death, from softening of
j the brain, of the Indiana journalist who
lately wrote: “I have seen swaying
lily-like above the churn a beauty more
perfect than that which bloomed full
grown from the bright focus of the sea’s
ecstatic travail.”
PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY.
RICHMOND COUNCIL OF GRAN
GERS.
An Interesting Meeting—Addresses by
Gen. Colquitt, Col. Smith, Master,
apd Col, Jones, Lecturer of the State
Grange, Col. D. Wyatt- Aiken, and
Col. M. C- Fnlton—A Large Attend
ance—Mnch Interest Manifested—
Arguments In Favor of Direct Trade
—The Planters Told to Plant Small
Grain.
Pursuant to notice a meeting of the
Richmond County Council of Grangers
was held at Rosney Chapel, six miles
lrom the city, yesterday. The attend
ance was large. A number of ladies
graced the occasion with their presence.
At eleven o’clock the meeting was called
to order by Dr. R. 0. Griffin, President
of the Council, who state# that the ex
ercises would commence with a song
After the song a blessing" was invoked
by the Chaplain, Rev. JED A. Duncan.
An address was delivered _by the Presi
dent of the Council, who, in conclusion,
introduced to the meeting Gen. A. H.
Colquitt.
The General said therf IVas no doubt
but that all those present were aware
with what curious looks such meetings
were sometimes regarded. Wives aud
Sisters often tried td keep their hus
bands aud brothers aw#. What do
men go into Granges foffihey say. Do
they learn anything by iw .The young
man who .hagplanted his father
ffnfletfM" I'li'Ui ~IW practical rarm
er? He says, “What can I learn
more abont planting turnips or using
the plow. Don’t I kuow when to plant,
whether in dry or wet weather ?” It is
these skeptical sayings that often keep
men out of the Association. And even
some of tho good brothers who are mem
bers of the Association are sometimes
ashamed to say so. Some city man
meets one of these brothers on the street
and says “Ain’t you a Granger ?” The
way iu which the question is asked is
almost equivalent to “Havu’fc you been
in the penitentiary ?” So the brother
sometimes is half inclined to deny the
Association, or if he doesn’t admits his
membership in such a roundabout way
that it would have been better for the
Grange if he had denied it.—
Now why should thero be any
discredit upon farmers and farmers’
wives meeting together and discussing
farming topics ? Do people throw dis
credit upon Board of Trade meetings,
lawyers’ meetiugs or printers’ meetings ?
Why the difference ? Just as soon as
the farmers propose to hold a meeting
the cry is at once, “Who are they going
to hit now ?” “What are they going to
do with the middle men?” Well, no one
can come to such a meeting as this with
out learning something. The corn man
and the potato man interchange ideas
and each is profited. The potato man
learns how to make as much corn as the
corn man, and the cern man iearns how.
to make as many potatoes as the potato
man. Intermingling of ideas bene
fits all. He wished to speak of
that which would be of practical benefit.
He did not care to speak of component
parts of a soil, wliat gases were in it
and what acids. He asked several far
mers whether they raised enough corn
to supply their wants. He was pleased
to learn that on the Savannah river bot
tom a surplus was made, but sorry that
it had to bo purchased iu other sections
of the county. Why can’t corn enough
be made to supply all wants. The far
mer is becoming nearer and nearer a
bankrupt caoh year from planting too
much cotton and not enough corn. He
was convinced that the want of pros
perity in Georgia to-day arose from the
fact that the farmers did not seek to
make themselves independent. All lines
of railway brought corn into the State
from the West. It would be a
great thing if Richmond county should
lead off in the reform movement of be
coming independent. Let us establish
the old time civilization for which we
used to be famous. The world acknowl
edged, whatever might be said against
us, that the South, in the olden time,
was virtuous, liberal and hospitable.
What was the cause of this ? It was be
cause the farmers were independent, had
a plenty in the barn and in the dairy.
There was a plenty in the land. One
of the saddest results of the war is the
humiliatibn of the South in that respect.
The old time hospitality has died out.
The hospitality of the olden days tended
to enlarge our hearts and our under
standings. Can we keep this up? We may
restore something of our prosperity by
economy,and self-denial, but if the ele
ment of the old civilization is gone the
very foundation is lost. It all depends up
on the independent farmer and tho most
dependent men we now kuow of are thj
farmers. A neighbor goes to visit an
other, ties his horse to a swinging limb
and walks in. The farmer he goes to
visit, meets him and says in a sort of
listless way, “Won’t you have your horse
put up?” It wasn’t so in the olden
time. The horse was at once put up
and fed, no questions asked, Of course
the visitor says no. Hasn’t he seen the
light shining through the chinks of the
corn crib when he was two hundred
yards off? Dosen’t he kuow there is no
corn there ? Aud if he does say yes how
agitating the host runs to his wife for
the key to the dairy to get a little corn
oat of the sack. And when he says
“wife, I have asked Mr. Smith to stay
to dinner.” What does she say, “What
in the world did you ask him for. Don’t
you know there is nothing to give him ?”
Not that free handed hospitality of the
olden time. There is much talk now
about inflation and hard money. It was
all hard to him. A man is inclined to
make much of his troubles. But
he ventured to say if he was
made to change places with the
woman, he would soon clamor to be
put back in the field. We meet at the
grocery and talk about hard times,
chew and spit the while. Some man
says, “I have made a heap of money,
what has become of it ?” And some
' other man, who knows more than any
body else, says, “Why, our wives and
daughters dress too fine; they spend too
much; onr grandmothers and our moth
ers didn’t take more than ten yards of
calico for a dress, now, with the apron
fronts and polonaises, it takes twenty.”
He ventured to say that if enough corn
and meat were put on the place, made
there, the wife would see that the old
man from being cross and morose had
become the sweetest disposition in the
world. The fact is, the lords of crea
tion don’t think enough about their self
sacrificing wives. Time was when
farm houses were pretty comfortable
sort of places. Wbat are some of them
now ? Lights all out; some stopped
with old rags, some with paper ; a hole
in the kitchen chimney big enough to
pitch a pot through. This applies, un
fortunately to all parts of the State.
Now everything has to be bought—plow
lines, plow stocks, all. Before the
war all these were made on the
farm. One of the saddest sights to
him was the once independent farmer
now so humiliated. What is the
feeling of the independent man
who has to talk any way so that he may
eke out a little credit with the factor ?
How is this to be remedied? Not by
applying economy to bonnets and polo
naises, but to everything on she farm.
He could say a good deal about fertili
zers if he choose, but he would only say
that it was perfectly foolish to talk
about buying fertilizers when so much
was wasted on the place. Cotton seed
permitted to go to waste when it con
tains all that is needed—phosphate and
ammonia and potash. But the farmer
says, “Why that is only cotton seed;
that isn’t compound phosphate ammo
nia.” No; bat it is better. Commer
cial men say Patrons of Husbandry can’t
talk about direct trade; it is out of the
question. The merchants labor under a
delusion. They take up an idea that
because it is done by the Grangers it is
in opposition to their own interests. To
hear them talk you would think there
was some mystery about it. Why it is
the easiest thing in the world to com
prehend direct trade. Indirect trade is
what is hard to comprehend. Let us
come to direct trade. The planters of
the South are paying one hundred and
seventy-five dollars for what they get,
when, if they had direct trade,' they
could get it for one hundred and
sixty dollars. Before the war not
a voice was raised against direct
trade. On the contrary great conven
tions were held in Augusta, Columbia
and elsewhere to effect it. And yet
conld they effect it? No. And that’s
the reason why skeptics nowaday’s say
it can’t be effected. Why did those ef
forts fail. Because it was all taken out
in speeches and whereases. The diffi
culty was that there wasn’t an organized
body of men in the South. The conven
tions were merely temporary, Mr. Mc-
Duffie said that those who could do the
most for direct trade, were the farmers.
But he considered it a hopeless task be
cause there was no organization among
them. But suppose Mr. MeDuffie should
rise from the grave to-day and be showed
the thousands of Grangers in the States
Sonth and West, he felt assnred that
he would picture with his great elo
quence the future of the South. We
want to get our goods directly from
the manufacturers; we want to get our
products directly to the consumers.
Why? Because of the cheapness. The
Direct Trade Union would be very glad
to have the co-operation of the mer
chants. What the Patrons of Hus
bandry wanted was direct trade. They
didn’t care anything about the manner
of getting it. They would be glad for
the merchants to have organization and
take hold of it. He had said in his
speech in Atlanta that if the merchants
would organize to get direot trade, the
Patrons of Husbandry would co-operate
with them. He, as President ot the
Direct Trade Union, would resign and
let a merchant take it. There was no
reason for any prejudice. Everybody
would try to get goods where they could
get them cheapest. He had never heard
an argument in favor of sending
our cotton through New York,
of receiving our goods through
New York. If anyone was in favor of
paying tribute to New York rather than
to Charleston or Savannah, let him do
it. For one he was not disposed to do it,
and every cent he sent that way was sent
grudgingly. Grangers said to him, “If
I see you get along well, General, I’ll
join in.” Now it would be a slow sort
of team with only himself and Col. Jones
in it. If every Granger waited until the
wMHm ever Koompltshecf.' TmSS"
from Boston comes down here and talks
to a congregation like this and every
body bends forward to listen to him.
He is the man to lead the people out of
their trouble. He had nothing to say
against Yankee ingenuity. If they could
make us hewers of wood and drawers of
water by reason of their superior brains,
let them do it. Let himself or Col.
Jones come among them to speak of
direct trade and men will say “why I
knew his daddy, he was born in Geor
gia.” He was not from Boston. He
would say in conclusion “let us look
forward to the day when as a mighty
phalanx we shall stand upon the moun
tains and the hill tops and a shout shall
go up from a mighty and a disenthralled
people.
Gen. Colquitt was enthusiastically ap
plauded. At the conclusion of his ad
dress Dr. Griffin introduced
Col, T. J. Bmitli,
Master of the State Grange.
Col. Smith said General Colquitt had
pictured well the condition of this conn
try. Let the farmers unite as one man
and be up and doing. No one can fill
the cribs and correct the vexed question
of labor but the farmers. Be not
ashamed to be a Granger. Ashamed of
being a Granger! Where do you hail
from you weak kneed man? Not from
Richmond county he knew. He thanked
Heaven that he was not afraid to get up,
hold up his head and say, “ Yes, I am
a Granger!” Some objected to the
Granges because the women were in it.
Didn’t they know they couldn’t suc
ceed without women. The women were
not ashamed of their connection with
the order. Some objected to the
Grange because it was a secret or
ganization. Where was the busi
ness in the world that did not
have its secrecy ? What would be
the result of a council of war if its se
crecy was removed. Every other call
ing co-operates. The merchants, the
newspapers, and even the boot-blacks.
An organization among boot-blacks ex
ists in Savannah. There is nothing that
can’t be carried out by a concert of ac
tion. He regretted that there were
planters in Richmond county who were
halting between two opinions. One of
the most prominent planters in Morgan
told him he was not with the Grangers be
cause he was opposed to them. He asked
him to get up and state why he was op
posed to them. He rose and said “the
Granges claimed that - they could buy
goods cheaper than he could, when he
knew better.” All he had to say about
this man was that he was very presump
tious. Oould he have gone and pur
chased a fertilizer for twenty-eight dol
lars, when it was selling in his own city
for fifty-five dollars, as the Grange had
done. General Colquitt had pictured
strongly the necessities of the country.
Just so long as the South stuck to the
suicidal policy of buying their provis
ions, just so long would they be hewers
of wood and drawers of water. Plant
ing of small grain was the remedy for
the evil. His great hobby was oats.
Plant one-third in corn, one-third in
small grain and one-third in cotton.
Plaut small grain and it will give you
not only bread but pasturage for your
stock as well. It will give you fat beef,
fat mutton. Just so long as you have
high priced meat, high priced corn, you
will have cheap cotton. What we want
is cheap corn, cheajfflour, cheap bacon.
The Graugers are not dead yet.—
The farmers have to economize.—
They can’t live like the people
in the towns. Live on bacon, on bacon
made at home, and don’t be ashamed of
it. Don’t be ashamed of economy. Go
to work. Let us decorate our homes.
Let us have good houses. There is no
use going to Colorado, our own State
furnishes all we need. Educate the chil
dren to love home. Competing muscle
With brains will always suffer. Where
is the two hundred and twenty-five mil
lions of dollars the farmers make every
year on cotton ? Payin'* tribute,not only
to New York and Boston but to our Geor
gia cities as well. An immense sum was
spent in Atlanta last year for mules.
Why cant’t Richmond and other coun
ties raise mules? The country would
starve without the farmers. One object
of the Grange is to elevate the planter.
Where are the bright eyed boys ? Are
they between the plough handles? Far
mers’ sons are leaving home; going into
other business. Is that the way to elevate
the class? Nothing is more important
than the education of our youth; yea,
for the simple thing of farming. They
had in Atlanta a little sheet called the
Georgia Granger scarcely able to live.
Every farmer should direct its opinions,
should take it and make it one of the
most powerful organs in the State. All
the speeches in Christendom can’t do
the good that an organ can, going to all
sections. We are not the only people
who have failed at farming. Yankees
and Englishmen have come to Georgia
and tried planting. What has gone with
them ? Gone back home, leaving us to
make cotton. Just so long as they suf
fered themselves to be duped, they
would be, because it was to others’inter
est te do so. They were ridiouled,
farmers as they were, for presuming to
get up direct trade. Why can’t we
build vessels here and carry our cotton
directly to the manufacturer ? He called
upon Richmond county to warm up in
the great work, cultivate unity, cultivate
friendship, cultivate brotherly love;
meet together, buy together, sell to
gether, and you will be all-powerful.
He called upon the women to urge on
the lazy brethren; to make themselves
felt. If the drones won’t go to work,
turn them out. If there is anything in
the Grange movement that was wrong, he
didn’t know it. Let Richmond come up
and illuminate the country so that every
blind brother can see how to walk.
Col, J. B. Jones,
Lecturer of the State Grange, was next
introduced. Col. Jones said : The nine
teenth century has developed many won
ders, both in heaven and earth. Nations,
by means of the electric chain, can talk
to each other face to face. But there is
no wonder that is so well calculated to
add to the happiness of the.human fami
ly as the order of Patrons of Husband
ry. Starting at the nation’s capital, it
has flown over the country with the
speed of the cyclone. It is to-day the
basis of the dependence of the agricul-.
tural classes. We have always needed
cordial co-operation among the planters
of this country. All other classes have
always had organization, but the farmer
has been laughed down. One of the
great causes of this has been want of
confidence among the planters in them
selves. There has never been pertinaci
j ty, tenacity enough among them to hold
Ito themselves. He was very frequently
i asked what the Grange movement had
i done. It had left its footprints in every
j business in this country. Had lawyers,
! had the Legislature ever done anything
! for the farmer until lately ? He was
; credibly informed that the great bequest
! of land by the National Government
1 was brought about by a Northern poli
| tician because he saw the tendency of
| the country to impoverishment through
i ignorance. He wanted an institution
| where planters could be taught
: the higher branches as well as
| lawyers and doctors. The State of
; Georgia now had an Agricultural Bu
i reau at Atlanta, which was destined to
: achieve great results. The people or
j the State did not well enough appreciate
| the head of this Bureau. He had told
j them through a circular that in onehnn
■ dred and ten fertilizers analyzed, a large
number, under different names, were
identically the same. One planter
bought one at fifty dollars, and another
at seventy-five dollars, when they were
exactly the same, because they were too
ignorant to know that they were one and
the same. Dr. Janes told them that if
they would follow out the advice given
in the circular they Would save money
enough in one year to run the Bureau
one hundred and fifty years, at ten
thousand dollars a year. Could such a
bureau Wave been established fifty years
ago ? No. And why ? Because law
yers and doctors then controlled the
Legislature. Now the planters had
representative men in the Assembly.
The Grangers had brought all this about.
They owed Governor Smith many thanks
for what he had done for the establish
ment of the Bureau; he was a noble, wise
man. But his favor would have availed
little if the planters hadn’t stood up in
solid phalanx for it. Another thing the
Grangers had accomplished was the
abolition of the city tax on cotton. A
few years ago every bill that went to a
planter for cotton sold contaiued the
item of tax. Nobody said anything
against it then because they knew it
would be no use. It took two years
to discuss the question, great an
outrage as the tax was, before
the bill repealing it could be
passed. It would have been kicked
then but for the fact that the Granges
controlled the Legislature. Their co
operation had gone into every trade; it
had brought down prices. It had re
.iuftetL machine from one
ifundfed and ten, eighty and seventy
five dollars, down to thirty, forty and
fifty dollars. This showed that the
sellers had been making seventy-five
and one hundred per cent, out of them.
The Patrons of Husbandry had brought
down the price of shipping cotton to
five per cent. He never knew until he
came into the Patrons of Husbandry
that the iron cotton tie business of this
country was in the hands of au English
monopolist. In 1872 the price of ties
went up to thirteen cents per pound. To
circumvent this there was formed in New
Orleans the American Cotton Tie Asso
ciation, with a branch at Chattanooga.
But an injunction was put upon the
house by the English monopoly. But
this English house knew very well that
there were breakers ahead. That was
the reason—the fear of competition—
that had brought down the price of ties
to five and a half, five, and four and a
half cents. The Direct Trade Union
did much to keep down the prioe of ties.
The same applied equally well to other
things. Archimides said if he had a
fulcrum upon which to rest a lever he
could move the world. The fulcrum the
Patrons of Husbandry needed was con
fidence in themselves. Had they ever
sat down to think seriously about the
outrage practiced upon them in the de
duction of cotton. No man cared for
the loss of cotton, be it one or fifty
pounds, if the scales said so. But de
duction was another thing. The city
crop of New Orleans last year was 20,000
bales—made up of pickings and sam
ples. All of this was the loss of the
poor, impoverished planter. Arkwright
Factory, in Savannah, was run last year
with sample cotton. Think of that.
A poor young man in Augusta,
when he was about to be sworn
in as weigher and was asked what
salary he asked, hesitated a mo
ment and then said he would take the
deduction in the city of Savannah for
his salary. In seven-tenths of all the
cotton weighed in Georgia actual de
ductions of from one to ten pounds are
made. Who don’t know that cotton
will absorb as well as give off, but it
always gives off for the planter. To
talk about a mixed bale of cotton being
false packed is a lie. A bill was intro
duced in the Legislature and adopted
to set the planters right in this particu
lar by discriminating between mixed
and false packed cotton. When the
bill was published its author was actu
ally damned in the' streets of Augusta.
Now its provisions had been adopted by
the National Gotton Exchange. Weigh
cotton like gold and give us what it
weighs; that is all we claim. When
you weigh corn you weigh it like gold;
when you weigh rice you weigh it like
fold. Weigh cotton in the same way.
tand by the flag you have raised and
march on in the way of progress. Come
into the Granges, men and women, and
stand up to the good cause. Farmers
who did not call upon their sons to come
into the Granges were not true to their
country, neither were the mothers,
farmer’s wives, who did not persuade
their daughters to go to the Grange
meetings and listen to their fathers.
There is more money in hay in Geor
gia than there is in cotton. Cultivate
the grasses, quit cotton. The idea of
sending up to the editor the first form,
the first bloom aud first boll when this
is the very thing out of which the man
ufacturer makes his gold dust. Worse
than all calling in all the neighbors to
gather a pitiful few hundred pounds
of cotton from a thousand acre field as
the first bale. The State Society should
offer a prize of a tin cup with a jack ass
engraved on it for the farmer who each
year sends forward the first boll or bale
of cotton.
Dinner.
At the conclusion of Col. Jones’ re
marks the President announced that the
meeting would now take a recess of an
hour for dinner. The audienoe then
proceeded outside where several long
tables were metaphorically groaning
with the substantiate and dainties pro--
vided by the ladies. If, as is often
said, the way to the heart is through
the mouth the ladies certainly captured
all the lords'of creation present.
After dinner the audience returned to
the Chapel when the President intro
duced
Col. M. C. Fulton, of McDuffie.
Col. Fulton said he would be pleased
to talk to them but they had heard so
much in the morning, they were desirous
of hearing from Col. Aiken. There was
great power in the Grange movement.
It was an earthquake. It was destined
to break up rings. It resulted from the
combinations of numbers. With the co
operation of the ladies the Order would
become iuvinoible. How anybody could
be lukewarm was a mystery to him. He
wanted to know who was friendly to the
Order. Would the ladies and gentle
men present in favor of the Order, please
hold up their hands. He was glad to
see such a good showing. A Granger
must learn to make his living at home.
He must practice economy. The order
had its origin in the idea that all pro
ducers wanted a direct intercharge in
their products without the intervention
of middle men. It is expressed in
its demand for bee line trade. They
didn’t want to go to New York, to Bos
ton. The great and leading men of this
country have considered and talked over
this subject, but the day when it could
be accomplished was not until the
Grangers were organized. The Grang
ers are destined to save this country.
The motives which actuate any man in
this great work are higher than those of
any politician. The Grangers will never
ask for anything that is not for the good
of the country, that will not advance
the material interests of the country.
The first time in the history of this
country have men come over from Eng
land in the interests of direct trade. To
whom do they address their circulars ?
To the Grangers. The co-operative
warehouse more than paid expenses last
year. This year, one day it received
more than half of the cotton received in
Augusta, another day fully two-thirds.
The Grangers despise frauds,, despise
shows, despise cheating their neighbors.
The Grange is founded upon the
principle of helping your brother,
helping your sister. It doesn’t wish to
oppose anybody. Who build up co
operative English stores and banking
houses? These propose to sell you a
hat that sells for five dollars here at half
the price. The secret of our depression
is that we are paying double what we
ought to pay, because we haven’t direct
trade. The English have the laboring
people who can put small sums into
these co-operative associations. They
want the co-operation of the Southern
people. They want the South to sub
scribe to erect warehouses here.* They
propose to advance mpney on cotton at
not more than five per cent. They ac
complish all this because there are so
many of them. Where there’s a will
and energy there will always be a way.
The Georgia Legislature has shown how
it yields to the Grangers’ requests, and
it is going to do more for the farmers
than it has done. What is the conse
quence of all the the wail of woe that
that has come up from the North ? It
is because the labor of the South has
been disturbed. We must have some
sort of certain, reliable labor. The
planters can never recover from their de
pression until they learn to live within
their income. There was a chorus (a
parody) he wanted the ladies to learn;
“O, who is there among us,
The true and the tried,
Who'll stand by his colors
Who’s on the Orange’s side,”
The President introduced
Col. D. Wyatt Aiken,
Of South Caroline,
j Col. Aiken said the patienoe they had
manifested and the vote they had been
pleased to take showed that their hearts
Were with the Granger’s cause. If he
were to ask what was the Grange not a
man present would answer as his brother.
Perhaps some would say it was a good
co-operative buying and selling institu
tion. Bnt the idea he wished to convey
was something higher and grander than
that. It was a social institution. The
farmer was necessarily isolated from the
world, was selfish. Men in cities always
tpet each other in the streets and talked
over the things of the day. Did the
farmer have this opportunity. No. So
With the ladies. The farmers all say
they haven’t time. Did you ever see
one who didn’t have time to go to town
for a plug of tobacco, fora drink ? There
Was not a country man or a country wo
man who isn’t at once pointed out as
snob. Perhaps they don’t pull back so
much. The whole thing is the want
of polish, the want of social in
tercourse. The Grange proposes to
remedy this. It says lay aside all other
things and meet together at least once a
month and bring your wife. And why
bring your wife? Because then you
will be in decent company. The Grange
is particularly adapted* to the country.
It is meant to elevate the farmer social
ly. And as it elevates him sooially it gives
him refinement, it educates him mental
hoW many count the planter
among the number. How many farm
ers did you ever know could get up and
give a practical good speech of any sort ?
They have never been educated to it.
But of late years farmers had been able
to get up in the Grange and speak as
well as anybody, deliver themselves in
telligently. Bringing them together in
the Grange was like striking flint to
steel. It resulted in debate. He never
saw a cotton plauter who didn’t think
that he knew it all. It came, this ar
rogance, from his isolation. It was
natural. He was monarch of all he
surveyed on his plantation. But the
moment he comes into a Grange he
hears the ideas of Others and can dis
card all that is erroneous. .
The true ideas upon which the Grange
was first organized, was first the social
idea. It originated with a man named
Kelly in South Carolina, who was the
candidate of the people in that State
and wished to devise some means to
bring about a social intercourse. He
spoke of it when he went back to Wash
ington and a woman suggested the
formation of the present Patrons of
Husbandry. The first idea was social
advantages; the second 'educational ad
vantages grew out of it. And don’t the
farmers want education? How many
farmers are there who are not able to
even write their own names. When the
war oaine on young men left the school
houses and patriotically went into
the Confederate army. When the
war ceased and the whole coun
try was broken up these men had
to go to work and let education alone.
Now the Grange proposed to give these
men an opportunity to educate them
selves. They were obliged to study,
they were obliged to read. They could
take agricultural works. A farmer who
did not take agricultural works was like
a banker who did not keep his accounts
in books. Well, if the Grange gives
yon social advantages, if it educates you
and your children, is not that admirable,
does not that do all you ask ? But in ad
dition, there is the co-operative idea that
saves your money, that puts money in .
your pocket. Why go to a merchant to
bny plows, why not go to the man that
makes them ? But take it for granted
that you buy from the merchant. You
go to him to buy a Brinlev plow.
He asks you six dollars. But if you
buy six he sells them at five dollars.
There is the wholesale idea. The same
is done by co-operation. Suppose again
you go to the manufacturer. He sells
you one for five dollars or six for four
dollars each. There you save again;
wherever there is co-operation you can
buy what you want at a living price.
You go by railroad stations and you see
nice houses going up. Ninety nine times
out of a hundred these are not built by
the farmers but by men who are mak
ing money out .of them. He had
on his farm to-day wagons which
he had bought three years ago at
seventy dollars for tenants. Twelve
mouths ago he bought the same kind at
fifty dollars each. He chartered a single
car at Dubuque, lowa, that laid the
wagons down at Greenville at five dollars
each. Three years ago the freight was
ten dollars each. The Grange said pay
cash for everything. It was credit that
that was raining the country. He conld
go to Augusta and buy hay at twenty
five cents less per hundred for cash than
he could for credit. There are probably
men in this house %ho have given mort
gages on‘their, crops or farms for flour.
They pay twelve dollars whilel pay eight,
cash, per 'barrel. A mortgage of this
kind reminds him more of the old nig
ger pass than anything else. This mort
gage system was the ruination of
the whole country. The cotton crop
wasn’t a paying one; it took too
long to make it. The man who fol
lows out the idea of diversified industry
will never see a month in the year that
he doesn’t have something to sell. It
will be corn, or butter, or a pig, or mut
ton, or something else. We have the
best labor in the country. Some men
talk about the confounded nigger. Let
them go to the Northwest and look at
the white labor. The labor here is in
finitely better. Do you hear anything
about strikes in the South ? Never.
And they come as regularly as the equi
noxes in the North. The best labor in
the world is right here, but it is not
utilized now. The Grange proposes to
utilize it. There isn’t au acre in Georgia
that, if it is plowed np and let alone,
will yield not more money from the hay
cut from it than can be made off it from
planting cotton. Go at it systemati
cally. There isn’t a man in Georgia
who has an acre of red land
who can tell him what it costs to make
wheat on it. It costs nothing but the
wear and tear of muscle. There is more
money in your pocket from the produc
tion of wheat than cotton. If they
wonld take his advice they would plant
this Fall one acre in wheat for every
child and five acres for every mule, and
then plant as much cottou as they
pleased. The Northwestern fanner is
always pleased because he had enough
bread. There is more money in the
South than the Northwest. Follow his
plan, and one of every four mules can
be discarded. What is the necessity of
planning com to feed mules when they
can be fed on oats, which cost less ? He
feeds his mules on oats and his family
on wheat. Ground that won’t make
wheat will bring crab grass hay that will
sell for more than timothy.
Colonel Fulton had tola them that the
Rochdale scheme had grown into an im
mense power, commencing with a wheel
barrow full of goods. The idea seemed
chimerical, bat it was true. Twenty
men at Rochdale conceived that they
were paying too much for goods. Each
put in five dollars and sent to London for
goads. These were put in an old wagon
house. The twenty men ascertained
what the merchants made—twenty per
cent—and they bought from themselves
at the same rate. Thus the goods sold
for one hundred and twenty dollars. They
kept on in this way, and the association
was gradually enlarged. These men
now came on here and said, “If you will
subscribe five dollars a piece to the
amount of five hundred thousand dol
lars, and 00-operate with us, you can do
what you please with it. We will sub
scribe the same. You elect twelve di
rectors, and we will elect one English
director to serve with them. In Eng
land we will elect twelve directors, and
you can elect one American to co-operate
with them. The moment you subscribe
8250,000 we will put two ships on the
water to carry your goods. When you
subscribe 8500,000 we will put on four
ships, and so on.”
What we want is free trade, an aboli
tion of tariff. While the constitution of
the Patrons prohibits politics it is the
most powerful political lever in the
cotmti-y, because it educates the masses.
The bottom rail has been on top long
enough, bat ere long things will be
turned topsy turvey and matters righted.
Before the next five years the Patrons
of Husbandry will control Congress.
His heaters bad no idea of the magni
tude of the order. Why last year send
ing off at one time agricultural docu
ments to Granges took sixteen hundred
dollars for stamps. Another instance.
He had an order for knives, and went to
Fairfield to see what a manufacturer
would sell them knives for. What will
you make ns a thousand for ? said he.
“Sixty cents apiece.” “What will yon
make five thousand for ?” “Fifty oents
apiece.” “What will you make us ten
thousand for?” “Thirty-seven and a
half cents apiece.” “What will you
make us twenty thousand for ?” “See
NUMBER 38
here, Mister,” said the astonished manu
facturer “you must deal in nothing buti.
knives.” ,
The little picayune merchant who was
afraid the Grange would injure him,
must get out of the way. The great
Juggernaut car of the Patrons of Hus
bandry was coming along, and if he did
Sot get out of the Way it would crush
im, Col. Aiken concluded amid storms
of applause. .
Colonel Smith
Said Richmond county had had a rioh
feast that day. He wanted to know who
was in favorof standing up to the Grange
movement. He wanted to see how many
would do it. Would they stand up.
[There was a unanimous rise of those
present.] Now he wanted to know what
then present would increase their grain
crops after hearing what had been said.
[A large number rose;] He was glad to
see this. He hoped that they would do
another thing which had beeu done in
001. Aiken’s section; have an inspection
of their crops at certain seasons.
The meeting theu adjourned.
GEN. SHERMAN.
An Interview On the Subject of His
Memoirs.
[Special Correspondence of the Cincinnati Ga
zette.]
Indianapolis, September 8.
,At au early hour Tuesday morning I
called at the house of his host and
found him alone, but ready for callers.
his “Memoirs” became the topic ofoon
versation. At once he began berating
General Boynton, the Gazette's able
Washington correspondent, most sound
ly, and assured me he didn’t care if I
conveyed to him his words. “You have
read General Boynton’s criticisms,
then ?” I remarked. “Oh, yes; every
one carefully; and I assure you he don’t
know what he is writing about. He
shows himself to be a most profound
ignoramus, so far as military move- -
ments are concerned. I was surprised
that a man of his ability could show
himself off to such poor advantage. But
the fact is he is trying to whip General
Howard over my shoulder.” “But I
noticed in the Gazette's Washington
correspondence yesterday (Monday)
morning that you contemplated revising
your book, and had written certain offi
cers promising to correct some errors.
Have General Boynton’s criticisms in
duced you to do so ?” “I have not
thought of getting out a revised edi
tion. In two or three instances I have
got the names of officers confused. For
instance, I have written Beard when it
should be Ward. Similar mistakes have
occurred elsewhere, the result of hasty 1
proof reading, except in one instance,
and then I wrote the name wrong.
These errors will be correoted in the
next edition by simply cutting out the
wrong name from the stereotyped plates
and inserting the correct name in type.
Mr. Appleton tells me this can be easi
ly done; but I shall not change a single
sentence. As yet 1 know of none td
change. The book is meeting with a
large sale—much larger than I had any
reason to anticipate, and adverse criti
cisms, espebially such criticisms as Mr.
Boynton’s, have aided rather than re
duced the sale.”
“How many copies have been sold ?”
“I don’t know. I keep no account of
the sales. The publishers have entire
control of that. But lam told the sales
are steadily increasing.” “Have you had
any correspondence with Gen. Logan
since the publication of the book ?”
“Oh yes. Some of his friends think I
t spoke slightingly of him, but I didn’t.
‘I simply told the truth. He was and is
a politician, and when it became neces
sary to select a successor to poor Mc-
Pherson, I thought it best to select one
who was a soldier by profession and not
by accident. Our whole future depend
ed on this correctness, in all things, of
his military record. Logan was absent
from his command often. Once or
twice he was canvassing in Illinois. This
was all well enough for him, but it
wasn’t for me, upon whom Mr. Lincoln
and the country placed the responsibili
ty of carrying out our plans successfully.
A corps commander always ought to be
at his post. When not engaged in bat
tle, he is needed, and for a month be
fore going into battle he should have an
eye upon everything. For these reasons
I selected Howard instead of either Lo
gan or Blair. I di'd’nt write my book to
eulogize any one, but in speaking of my
reasons for selecting Howard I was com-
Selled to give my true reasons, which I
id. Personally, I have a high regard
for Gen. Logan. He’s a good man, and
was a brave, earnest officer, and one of
the finest looking fellows I ever saw on
horseback. What I have said about him
in my book is certainly not to his in
jury, and I do not think he regards it so.
Our relations are very pleasant.”
“Are they so with Gen. Grant ?” “So
far as I know. They were the last time
we met.” “What do you think of Gen.
Grant’s criticism on your book, os pub
lished in the papers eight or ten weeks
ago ?” “To what one do you refer ?” “I
have seen but one,” I answered; “and
in that, it is said, he closed your book,
after reading it, remarking, ‘heretofore
I thought I had something to do with
the conduct of the war, but' from Sher
man’s book I find I did not.’” “I
don’t believe Gen. Grant ever said any
thing of the kind. Tt'isn't dike him.”
“Did you ever resume friendly rela
lations with Secretary Stanton after the.
‘cut’ at Washington on the day of the
grand review of tile troops ?” “Before
he died we were very friendly. He saw
he had made a mistake and apologised,
and our friendship was restored. Sfan
ton was ambitious. During the war he
was determined to conquer the South
and did everything to accomplish his
purpose. But when he saw we had them
iu our clutches he began casting about;
him to see who was as popular, or as
likely to be the next President as he
was. He fully intended to succeed Lin
coln in 1868. The thought never entered
his tnind that Grant wanted or would
take it, and be determined to break mo
down. I didn’t know what was his in-'
tention when he visited me, soon after
my arrival at Savannah, but I learned
so afterward and was. on my guard.—
The soldiers knew it, too, and when I
stepped on to the platform in Washing
ton on the day of the review, every eye
was upon me to see if I had the grit at
such a time to resist such an insult. I
believe Stanton respected me more for
it, and I’m sure the boys did. I men
tioned my trouble with him in my book
simply because it was a fact in the his
tory of the war. Had I ignored it I
should not have been true to the pur
poses which I intended the book to sub
serve. It would have been far more
agreeable, I assure you, to have made
no mention of it. Hie same is true in
regard to selecting Howard instead of
Logan or Blair. Personally I preferred
not to give my reasons, but the very na
ture of my book compelled me to do so.”
“ You wrote most of your Memoirs in
Washington, did you not?” I asked.
“All of it there.” “What first suggest
ed such a work?” “The need of it. While
in Enrope several officers and gentlemen
asked me to publish an account of my
campaigns, and in this country I was
repeatedly urged to do the same thing.
The history of many movements and
engagements was unknown, and the
future historian would be obliged to
rely upon files of newspapers. Many of
these articles were necessarily imper
fect. My idea, therefore, was to give a
correct outline of movements and the
reasons which led to them. Most of
these reasons no one knew or could
know but myself. I conceived them and
retained them, as they became apparent
through my orders. It was not my in
tention to write a history of the war, or
that part of it in which I was imme
diately interested. I had neither the
time, nor probably the ability. I so
stated in the preface. Bnt there are
many people who profess to be profes
sional critics it seems, who never
look at a preface. So I have been
blamed for omissions and other sup
posed errors which the scope of my book
was not intended to include.”
The General talked very freely for up
wards of an hour. He said he had come
to Rockville because it was near to St.
Louis, and was a country town. Out of
more than 100 similar invitations, he
had been obliged to decline all but those
of Rockville, Utica, N. Y., and Des
Moines, lowa. Iu October he should
take a trip into the Indian country, aud
would have no opportunity to be pres
ent at reunions held in that month. He
enjoyed being with “the boys,” but
preferred attending reunions which were
held in the woods and groves. A city
was the poorest place in the world for
such a gathering.
The Troy goats have taken to eating
newspapers off front stoops.
Cyrus L. Pershing, the Democratic
candidate for Governor of Pennsylvania,
was the son of poor and honest parents,
and bravely paid his own way through
college.
