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About Weekly chronicle & sentinel. (Augusta, Ga.) 1866-1877 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 22, 1875)
Cftronicte anti WEDNESDAY.. .SEPT’BEB 22. 1875. FOB BETTER OR FOR WORSE. You thread with ten.ier fingers. oft, The shining ringlets of my hair; Yon tell me they are fine and soft, And yet, yon say, your heart they hold In their long links of sunny gold— An idle, willing prisoner there. And yon have told me, when my hand Lay warm in yours, that in its clasp Yonr fnture waited, great and grand, If I should choose to let it stay; Bat that, if it were drawn away, All hope would fly beyond your grasp. And yon have said, times not a few, That death, whene'er it croee your way, Will find your heart as firm and true As now, when blithe, and young, and fair, You gauge me by my shining hair And by my smiling eyes to-day. And, thongh I think a truer heart Ne'er breathed on earth than yours, I know That if, with hand in hand, we start On life's long journey, there will come, Ere one of ns in death is dumb, Words of regret and bitter woe. For you love beauty; and some day, When Time comes by and finds me fair, He'll turn, with touch of sure decay, The golden links to gray—and lo! Your heart will slip its bonds, and go In new found freedom otherwhere. And the white hand, whose clasp in yours Makes all, you say. your life is worth, Might, even as its touch assures, lie strong some day to cross your will, And, right or wrong, persist until It should become your bane on earth. And when death comes, as come it must— To me, suppose—'twill better be, If, looking on my qniet dust, You can say faintly, through your tears, “We have been friends for mariy years, And she was very dear to mo Than that, with bitter, parting sigh, You should look back, far back again, Along a wasted life, and cry, “Ah, better had I lived alone ; For we had long estranged grown, And life was naught but constant pain." So, friends in deed, and word, and thought. Let us shake hands and go our ways, And some time, when the years have brought Their many changes, we can see That it was better things should be Just as they were in former days. BILL AMD JOE. OLTVEB WENDELL HOLMES. Come, dear old comrade, yon and I Will steal an hour from days gone by— The shining days when life was now, And |U was bright with morning dew— The ratty days of long ago, When you were Bill and I was Joe. Your name may Haunt in tilted trail, Proud as a cockerel’s rainbow tail, And mine as brief appendix wear . As Tam O’rihantor’s luckless mare ; To-day, old friend, remember still That 1 am Joe and you are Bill. You’ve won the great world’s onvied prize, And grand you look in people’s eyes, With HON. and LL.D. In big brave letters fair to see— Your fist, old fellow! off they go! How aro you, Bill 1 How are you, Joe ? You’ve won the Judge's ermined robe, You've taught your namo to half the globo, You've sung mankind a deathless strain, You’ve made the dead past live again, The world may call you what it will, But you and 1 are Joe and Bill. The chafing young folks stare and say, “Hee thoso old buffers, bent and gray— They talk liko fellows in their teens! Mad, poor old boys! that’s what it means,” And shake their heads ; they little know The throbbing hearts of Bill and Joe— How Bill forgets his hour of prido, While Joe sits smiling at his side; How Joe, in spite of time’s disguise. Finds tho old schoolmate in his eyes— Those calm, stern eyes that melt and fill As Joe looks fondly up to Bill, Ah, pensive scholar, what is famo ? A fitful tongue of leaping.flame, A giddy whirlwind's fickle gust, That lifts a pinch of mortal dust, A few swift years, and who can show Which dust was Bill and which was Joe ? The weary idol takes his stand, Holds out liis bruised and aching hand, While gaping thousands come and go— How vain it seems, this empty show! Till at once his pulses thrill— ’Tis poor old Joe's “God bless you, Bill!" And shall we breath in happier spheres The names that pleased our mortal ears, In some sweet lull of harp and song For earth born spirits none too long, Just whispering of tho world below Where this was Bill and that was Joe ? No matter ; while onr home is hero No soanding name is half so dear ; When fades at length our lingering day, Who cares what pompus tombstones say ? Bead on the hearts that lovo us still, iiic jewel Joo! Hicjacet Bill. BONNY BROWN HAND. PAUL 11. IIAVNE. Oh, drearily, how droarily, tho sombre eve comes down I And woarily. how wearily, tho seaward breezeß blow! But place your little hand in mine—so dainty, yet so brown! For household toil hath worn away its rosy tinted snow; But I fold it, wife, the nearer, And I feel, my love, 'tis dearer Than all dear thmgs of earth. As I watch the pensive gloamiug, And my wild thoughts cease from roaming, And liirdliko furl their pinions close boside our peaceful hearth: Then rest your little hand in mine, while twilight shimmers down, That littlo hand, that forvont hand, that hand of bonny brown. The hand that holds an honest heart, and rules a happy hearth. Oh, merrilv, how merrily, our children's voices rise f And choerily. how cheerily, their tiny foot steps fall! But, hand, you must not stir awhile, for there our nestling lies, Snug in the cradle at your side, tho loveliest far of all; And she looks so arch and airy, So softly pure a fairy She scarce soems bound to earth ; And her dimpled mouth keeps smiling, As at some child-fay's beguiling. Who flies from Ariel realms to light her slum bers on the hearth. Ha. little hand, you yoaruto move, and smooth the bright locks down! But, littlo hand—but, trembling hand—but, hand of bonny brown, Stay, stay with me!—she will not flee, our hireling on the hearth. Oh, flittingly, how flittingly, the parlor-ehad owb tlirill, As wittingly, half wittingly, they seom to pulse and pass! And solemn sounds aro on the wind that sweeps the haunted hill. And murmurs of a ghostly breath from out the graveyard grass. Let me feel your glowing fingers In a clasp that warms and lingers With the full, fond love of earth, Till the Joy of love's completeness In this flush of fireside sweotuess Shall brim our hearts with spirit wine, out poured beside the hearth. So steal your little baud in mine, while twilight falters down. That Uttle hand, that fervent hand, that hand of bonny brown— The hand which points the path to Heavon. yet makes a heaven of earth. A FASCINATING FACE. It my have been a fancy, or it may have been a dream. Or the fruit of idle mnsuig by a laughing, sun light stream. It may have been a picture in the misty long ago. Or a strain of witching musio sung by voices soft and low. It may have been the glory of a pre-existent morn. Or a ray of heavenly beanty, bom with mo when I was bom; But somewhere I have seen it—l know neither time nor place— I have seen the lovely image of a strangely lovely face. Mysteriously beautiful and marvelously fair. With its light brown eyes resplendent and its wealth of light brown hair. Not pale and cold and passionless, magnificent ly grand ; Neither royally imperious, as bom but to com tnand : But sweet and pure and lovely, with a modest grace and mien. With a woman's deepest feelings and a girlish hate of spleen. And being mirrored in the face, that one would like to love With the highest, purest passion that a willing mmd could move. The face is ever with me. though I wander where I will. And the brown hair floats around me, and the brown eyes haunt me still. I never yet have found it. though I've searched for many a year. For the strangeiy sweet reality I know is some where near. I feel it growing nearer, and Tm thinking, by and by. That the face my fancy images beneath my gaze shall lie.' Not only then the image, and not only then the sign But the lovelier reality shall be forever mine. [Gteriaaii. There was no fault to be fonnd with the representative men of the South in the last Congress, and we believe there will be none with those in this. Ran som, Gordon, Lamar, and others have set good examples for their Southern colleagues who are now coming into ac tive co-operation with them.— Memphis Appeal (Dem.) Dr. Louis A. Boswell, of Alabama, claims to have invented a practicable flying machine, which he describee as a fish that swims in the air, equipped with the power to drive and guide himself through the medium in whieh he floats, just as the natural fish, by the use of his fins and tail and the gyrations of its body, drives and guides himself through the medium in which it floats. JEFFERSON DAVIS. HIS APPEARANCE AT THE JEF FERSON COUNTY AGRICUL TURAL FAIR. [Special to the St. Louis Republican ] Dk Soto. September B.— The Hon. Jefferson Davis was introduced to one of the hugest au diences which ever assembled in Jefferson county, at De Soto to-day. He was presented to the audience by Col. J. W. Fletcher, a firm Be publican and ex-officer of the Union army. Duiing his stay in the village he was the guest of Col. Bankin. another staunch Republican, and in the vast assemblage drawn together to hear him speak were men representing every shade of‘political sentiment, and every people of every rank and condition in life. Mr. Davis spoke alike to men who had led opposing ar mies on to the field of strife —armies wearing the blue and the gray, and soldiers who fol lowed them when the conflict was severest. Bat there wae in the words of the speaker not one syllable to arouse uupleasant recollections. And among the vast audience there not a word was said calculated to disturb the harmony of feeling which seemed to prevail. On the part of those who had once adhered to the cause of which Mr. Davis was the representative head there was no attempt to lionize him, and on the part of those who had most sternly and bravely opposed that cause there was no effort spared to render his stay among them pleas aut. Mr. Davis was received, not as the representative of any political idea now ob solete, but as a gentleman of distinguished character, large experience, and varied infor mation. who had thoroughly studied the ten dency of commercial activity, and the signifi cance of agricultural and other material de velopments, and the relations which these sus tain to the progress in civilization of the jieople of this country. Mr. Davis was at De Soto i-imply as any other private citizen might have been. The people so regarded his visit, and so they treated him, kindly, hospitably, but without offensive demonstration. A man distinguished for political learning, large ex [lerieuee in public life, and an intimate ac quaintance with the resources, agricultural, mineral and commercfll. of the great Missis sippi valley—a man, on these accounts, ca pable of instructing ad to the defects of pres ent systems and methods, and suggesting ad vantageous measures leading to faturo pro gress, they reef gnize him to be, and bo they willingly listened to bis counsels and paid to him that respect w hich is due to one of so dis tinguished abilities. That is all. The day came. Mr. Davis delivered his speech, and no one felt the least hit offended. On the con trary, men who had held high rank in tho ar mies of the Union expressed thepiselves as more than pleased with the sentiments they heard. Mr. Davis’ mission is emphatically not a political one. Mr. Davis’ Introduction. Col. J. W. Fletcher introdneed Mr. Davis to the assemblage, and in doing so said: Yon are well aware that the Agricultural and Mechanical Association of Jefferson comi ty,knowing the ability of Hon. Jefferson Davis to make tile annual address, have invited him and he has responded to the invitation. Know ing of the ability Mr. Davis possesses as a farmer and a man of general information, we consider that he has honored us by consenting to delivor tho address. Ladies and gentlemen, I have the honor of introducing to you Mr. Davie. [Applause], The Address of Mr. Davis. Mr. PresitlerU anti directors, Ladies ami Gen tlemen: I thank yon fot tho wolcomo which I have received at year hands, and I congratulate you upon those evidences of prosperity which are everywhere around me. Your State is not a stranger to me. for it is like— The school boy spot we ne’er forget, Though there we are forgot. I well remember your country when it had not such a teeming population as it has now. I knew the wild hills abont the headwaters of the Meramec when very few were living there —when the population was what would bo call ed rude—hunters and miners, witii here anil there a little scrap of cultivation; but within the homes, within the rude tenements they inhabited, with the latch string always ou tho outer side, there was heart and hospitality within. Well do I remember the kind welcome which one received when he asked, “Can I stay all night ?” “Yes, I reckon so.” That in a more cultivated country would have boon a rupulse. and the man would have gone on. But he who know those people knew that whatever they had was to be freely given, and one would have been voted a boor —as unworthy the country in which he lived—who would have charged a stranger for the use of a bed. That The Day When Heroic Men And heroic women occupied the land. They wore the mothers who gave the stamp to the present generation of wives and daughthers— women who, if they wore no other crown, woro the brightest of Jewels—virtuous modesty. Happy it is that their daughters in preserving tho crown of their mothers have added to it the cultivation of higher civilization without descending to those vices that belong to more artificial Ufe. Who. for instance, would have thought that the wife of Daniel Boone would have put water in the milk, or sand in the sugar, ami who would have expected the wife of Daniel Booue to spend days ou gauzy labor in view of some dance in which she was to participate? Theirs were lives of care and toil, of intensity, of sacrifices, of domestic felicity, devotion to family and friends; and on this root have you grafted tho population which I now see before me. It is now more than forty years ago since I first know the neighborhood in which you live, and happy am I indeed lo see this large con course and to know that Peace and Plenty, Content and happiness reign among you. and I trust in tho name of all that is good and great this is to be yours forever. [Cheers.] 1 have come, my friends, not to discuss with you any of tlioso vexed questions which have agitated the country and still may disturb the minds of a oertaiu portion of the people. I have come to you to rtso to a higher piano, and if there still be those iu whose hearts Malice and Hate Atul all uncharitableness disturbs their judg ment, let us withdraw from such and pass over to the other side. Wo are sitting in the shade of brothorly love; we can confer together as to which will best conduce to the prosperity and permanent welfare of ourselves and posterity. Bom in the valley of the Mississippi, having lived ill the valley of the Mississippi, having served, excopt when in a foreign country, as a soldier in tho Mississippi valley, it is dear to me through all its length and breadth, and hither have I looked with anxious hope to that great development of which I believed our country capable; and though it may not be mine ever to ascend the height from which I can see the promised land, yet, dying. I will trust you are to cross tho political Jordan and rest forever iu the haven of prosperity and happiness. [Applause.] Agriculture Is the great pureuit of our people. Agriculture was the first, and I hold it to bo the highest, occupation of man. When the Lord made tho heavens and the earth, and looked upon them and saw they were good, and when ,Ho caused rain to descend upon the laud, a fragrance grateful to Him rose from it, yet he looked around and lo! thorewas no man to till the ground • so the last of creation was tho agri cultural man, as tho beet of creation was tho woman, who was to be a help-meet for that agricultural man. But let us not vaunt ourselves, we farmers— for that has boon my occupation when I was not a eoldior—l say let us not vaunt ourselves and say that others aro of no use to us. It is as if tlie hand would say to the foot “I have uo need of thee.” The mechanic arts, com merce and the liberal professions all go hind iu baud to aid tho farmer iu the progress of his work. It is true that from the soil comes every increment to the wealth of the world ; from that soil is produced everything, I Bay. which adds to the absolute wealth of the world. But the mechanic arts greatly increase the valuo of the raw material which is pro duced from the soil ; merchants exchange the products of one country and another, and by the aid of favoring markets still further in crease the value of those tlnngs which our country produces. And thus it is that the me chanic'arts and commerce come in aid to the farmers, and even the lawyer and the doctor, who we never desire to see. The doctor him self is necessary to help the farmer in the hours of his sickness. All these things are contributory, and still we look up to Heaven and we look down to the earth that our Creator made and we bless Him for those things with which He has endowed us and gratefully recog nise tho happy condition in which we live. Thp Valley of the Mississippi Is peculiar in many of its characteristics. It has a climate different from most other coun tries, and favored above all others within my knowledge. Tho Gulf of Mexico, which lies just below, is a seething cauldron under the equatorial snn, from which rise the vapors whieh drift into the great aerial currouts of the world, floating to the north and northeast, and bringing to you those genial showere which mako your crops almost certain; and if they do sometimes visit you, as this year, with too much rain, how much more happy are you than those who have to depend upon wells and windmills, and upon irrigating and other pro cesses. to insure their crops. An agricultural man in a soil and climate favored as yours has many advantages over any other occupation, for while he sleeps tlie elements work for him; the air is contributing its aid; the earth is heaving its utmost resources to facilitate the products which human labor begets from the land. And thongh I would not have you turn aside from manufacturing those things which, being of low value, iu proportion to their bulk, must make transportation a large item iu their cost, I would not, on tlie other hand, have you vie w.th those who. in a teeming population, without soil to cultivate, pent up in their crowded cities and manufacturing towns, are toiling with those fabrics which bend the form and dim the sight. I would not have your gentle daughteis put in infancy in cellars to train their sight to the acuteness necessary for the i manufacture of fine laeo ; I would not have • them pent np in the damp atmosphere wlucli | is ueeessary to prevent the fragile threads from breaking. Bather far—rather far would I have them walk forth in the fields, and thongh they toil and though they spin, yet are they lilies surpassing the glory of Solomon in richness. Thus it is, that while we engage in ail diversified labor; while manufactures are contributing and ingenuity is aiding the means of those domestic operations in which women engaged, while I would not decry the man that made a sewing machine—for I don’t know that it has much diminished, ladies, toot labors, for I believe they add more to your flounces than diminish the threads. [Laughter.] It is thus, with all things like these. Heaping ma chines have advanced very far beyond the simple operations of the sickle and scythe. So plowing machines have gone on diminishing labor below that which was necessary when men weut to ihe fields with other implements of husbandry. You have hers. then, every thing which is necessary, provided you com bine all these things together. You hare around yon the minerals which are necessary I ! to make voor implements of husbandry: you j have the' timber which is necessary to stock j vour plows, and I would not have you grow ! 'broom corn and the timber too. and send them off to Connecticut to be brought back, paying double charges. These and such things like them I would have you make; a<l wait until i the blessings which Providence has crowned von have been diminished below their present Value before vou enter into compeutiou with the watchmakers of Geneva and the lace mak i ere of Brussels. . . . , . Thus I have briefly endeavored to define why | I would not have vou turn from agriculture to ! other pursuits, and why I would no* have you reject other pursuits and go to agriculture en tirely. I have said we of the Mississippi Valley are peculiar In many respects. Me are one. [ Whatever devices man may do, whatever pas sions man may have, whatever Stats craft and ! local policy may do to keep yon divided, I say j still The Peope of the Mississippi Valley Are One. Held together by that artery—that great arterv which extends from the frozen regions of the North to the perennial flowers of the booth, and with which no other modes of inter-com munication can ever successfully compete. They may build railroads, and railroads are necessary as feeders to the river, but still that grand old river of onre can answer: “ The roads may come, the roads may go, But I flow on forever.” I know it has been the habit of late for the Grangers, with whom I feel the most affilia tion, to denounce lailroad men as charging them ruinons rates. On the other hand I look at the railroad men, and I find that none of them are making any dividends. 80, there fore. I say let os turn aside from the decrial of auy portion of the population, from the ar raignment of any of the industries of the coun try. to see what it is well and profitable fox ns to do. At present the rude manner of trans porting freight upon the Mississippi river costs about one-third of the rate per mile that rail road transportation does. I say rude because we have advanced but one step towards what I think may be achieved in the matter of river transportation. Instead of having steamboats arranged like floating palaces, with crews suffi ciently large to discharge and take on freights at the principal landings; instead of having all this capital with officers who are employed upon it, one part idle and the other idle al ternately, and this waste of money, as I say when the vessel is floating all the laboring por tion of the crew are unemployed, there is dead capital. When the vessel is at shore a large part of the officers and machinery—a large part of that which belongs to the cost of the vessel, is dead capitiL There is a loss so far. If yon ask me how this is to be avoided I an swer simply, let tugß with numerous Iron Barges Perform the purpose of carrying freight from all principal 1, tidings. For instance, let a tug leave New Orleans with iron barges say of 300 tons and as many in tow as she can poll and let the freight, say for Vickßburg. be put in one barge, this to be dropped at Vicks burg. and let the freight for Cairo and for Memphis be pat in similar bargeß, and a num ber of barges for St. Louis, and if you choose to go np the Ohio, the Mississippi, and the Mis souri, you can still have more barges for those places;' dropping a barge at the place for which it is labelled. A few bands will serve to dis charge the freight and load that barge, and at the time when the tug comes back the tug can cast her lines to the barge and take it in tow without a moment’s detention. These barges being so constrncted as to be safe entirely from leakage, and if necessary coolers can be manufactured that will keep whatever is put in the barges so cool that there will be no danger of its being injured by heating, and then carry the freight to a Great Entrepot of the Mississippi Valley, To one great dock, where ocean steamers will bo ready to receive it there; with compresses and elevators all the grain would be pumped at ouce into the ship, and cotton would be then in its necessary form; the tobacco would be placed in the hold and the cured meat would be put in its place without any cost of storage or any cost of drayage; no payment to the middle-man for whatever the farmer wishes to send to the foreign market. So far. Then another step. 'The great evil we have had has been that we have used small ships for our ocean trade. Small ships cannot compete in the rate of freight with large ones. This I hope is soon to be avoided. It is now three years since I was first brought into conference with tho Mississippi Valley Society of London. They asked me. “What can we do to open trade with the Misßippi Valley?" I told them “the first thiug to do is to send regularly large ships to New Orleans.” They said. “How can we get largo ships to New Orleans ? The bar at the mouth of the river wont let large ships get in.” To that I answered, “There are three methods; one is to dredge the bar, and by per petual dredging, as you do upon tho Clyde, keep the channel open. The other is by changing tho material of ships. If you car, mako steel homogeneous and make your ships of steel they will then have equal tonnage, with a lighter draft, or adopt the plan of Mr. Hirsch of double-keel ships, which lie assures me will go in on sixteen feet, with a capacity to carry 10,000 bales of cotton, or its equivalent in any thing else.” Since that a fourth has been added. Your fellow-citizen, Eads, has gone down to mako jetties, and he says lie is going to mako deep water. Take one method or the other, I care not which—take whichever is necessary of these methods -we can adopt it, and, adopting it, wo can get large ocean steam ers to come to New Orleans, and your grain will go at a price certainly less than one-half that which you now pay. It will go from New Orleans to Liverpool at a price one-third less than that which you now pay. You will save the oost of drayage and. storage, and interme diate commission, and every cent you save is another cent put into the pockets of the pro ducers, and this amounts to millions of dollars in any year; millions, and many millions in any year. What, for instance, do you suppose the exports of the Mississippi valley are annually ? Not one penny less than three hundred mil lions. You send it now to New York—a large part of it—and from New York to Liverpool. That brings me to the consideration of another item of this question: You must have Direct Trade; You must ’ bring in the ships sailing to the month of tho Mississippi those articles which yon require for the consumption of the va ley of the Mississippi; and thus the vessels hav ing freight each way can reduce their rates of freight still lower than the terms which I have expressed. The people of England—the manufacturers and moneyed men of England— are anxiously looking to tlie trade of the Mis sissippi valley. The Mississippi valley is to them now what in ancient times was the land of Opliir, or what at a later day was the coun try beyond the pillars of Hercules; what, when Western Europe had become a commercial power in the world, became known as the East Indies. It is said every country whioh was en gaged in that trade beoame rich. They see that the Mississippi valley is equal to the same. They look upon this valley more anxiously than they formerly looked on the East Indies. They consider onr trade will yield far more than the gold of Ophir, and yield to them even moro fabled wealth than that which lay be yond the pillars of Hercules, and they are praying for this foreign market where they could sell their goods to the foreign farmer, who will exchange with them food for their starving millions. It is yours to avail of it. I have said that tlie people of the Mississippi valley were ouo. I have said their condition was peculiar. I have stated but a small part of the peculiar characteristics which belong to them. Bnnning from the North to the South you are always crossing parallels of latitude. When you follow the Mississippi and its tribu taries the consequence iB you are always vary ing tho products of one country with those of another. Thus it is you havo a home marker for the exchange of your productions; you fur nish grain to the South, and in return you aro furnished with cotton and sugar. This con stitutes a market to you as valuable as any other, perhaps, has been, aud for many years be the best market you have. But I would not stop at this. It is true you have had au over-production of grain. It is true the cost of transportation lias at one time been such that corn was used as fuel; but shall the in genuity and tho enterprise of our people show themselves unequal to overcoming the obsta cles which have thus been presented? Shall you burn food for fuel when millions of your fellow beings on the other side are starving for bread; or ehall you in your might of in tellect, in your material power solve all tho problems that lie iu the way, and give tho free current of trade between those who have to sell and those who have to buy ? Thus may your ambition be twice blessed, blessing him that gives and lame that takes. I will not leave our grand old river yet. It has been decried by those who have interests elsewhere as being frozen tip so large a por tion of the year aH to render it unfit for tho purposes of commerce, and that it dries up so large a portion of the year that aizeablo boats cannot navigate it. In regard to this. I know I need not answer to you that rarely was tho Mississippi frozen more than a weok in the year, and rare was the time when boats con structed for the purpose could not navigate it. Then you have only to resort to the means which I have briefly sketched—for I find my self physically unable to go into any details and expand the views I have presented to yon —you have only. I say, to Develop the Means Within Your Reach, That the country may go on producing until a hundred million farmora in the valley of the Mississippi shall annually be contributing to the wants of mankind, aud the surplus shall go forth as the beneficent means of feeding those who are hungry, and bring back to your people those things which others can mako cheaper than youreelf. I have only spoken of the main artery. Tho Mississippi might be described as a giant rest ing his head on perpetual snow, and his feet bathed in tho waters of the tropic, with his arms extending to the east and the west, and bringing everything to tlie great body, not for the purpose of crushing it, but for the purpose of bringing it into the beneficent grasp that makes ail things contribute to the welfare of all within his reach. Such is our giant, not like the hobgoblius children read of in prim ers, not like your Jack, the Giant Killer, but a splendid, beneficent giant, that takes children in his hand, holds them up to see the beauties of the world, and turns to their mothers and says take whatever toiling millions in less hap py lands can produce, and here is the power to buy it far cheaper than you oan make it. You have one competitor; that is The Route by the St. Lawrence] And whan they speak of ice and snow I sup pose they will'hardly vannt the advantages of the St. Lawrence route over ours. You have one competitor in the world in the production of wheat—Bnssia. While we have stood still nnder a had policy for the development of our means of transportation, Bnssia has rapidly progressed. She has opened eanals; she has opened the months of rivers; she has built vast lines of Ailroads, and last year her pro duction of wheat exceeded that of the United States. Stand not still, my friends! Be np and doing. You have the advantage in everything except in the density of your population and that I propose now to show you how you shall overcome. When this barge class of ships, whioh I have referred to as necessary to the trade, have been intro duced, and a regular line running from Liver pool to New Orleans, then yen will receive a large body of Immigrants To 'the Mississippi valley. They will come here because the man and his wife and chil dren have a large amount of luggage and fur ture to bring with them, and they can come cheaper by that route to the mouth of the Mississippi'. From there steamboats that carty low freight will carry themselves and their luggage with them up the mouth of the Mis sissippi even as high as Fort Benton or St. PanL Thev will cany them cheaper than they can cross from any of the Atlantic porta by r *Then again there is another peculiarity. We are'a blessed people, aud I love to dwell upon our blessings. Go out of the month of the Mississippi you fail into the current of the trillf of Mexico: yon drift with this free from the freezing cold of the northeastern ooMt we get opposite the Sooth Cape of Ireland and there cross to Liverpool. The warm water of the gulf Stream tempers the nr throughout your voyage until von reach the mild climate of the south of Ireland and Eng land. In retarding you take the poUr stream —that stream chat flows from the polar seas towards the sooth, and you run down the coast of France and Bp*m, touch ing at one or both countries and taking on the teeming population which is seeking some for eign land, and bring them round by this polar current until you reach the Azores, and Aon yob have onlv from there to Jt*w with the benefit of an ocean stream. We can b*fe, as it were. aH the way down stream; and we bring this way emigrants, not only from Eng land but Germany, from Fraasa, fro® Spain, from Portugal, from Switzerland, and from Itaiv. and yoffr hills will thus become nne ; clad like the hills of the Bhine, and if they are i not as celebrated in song yet they may be as ! celebrated in fruit and wines, as yo# have al : ready shewn the capacity of youi country to I produce them. Yog, like your fathere, have been cultivating the virgin sod- Yon have not had occasion thus far to grapple ith those questions lor the Preservation of the Fertility of Soils Which in older countries have been a ne eeasity; but you must come to this. You must tame to the investigation of the ffiiarac terof your sods, the manures which they re quire, anil the tAijiMyia which are necessary to them. This is the second step. I don’t mean that you have to take that to-day or to morrow; the rule manner in which we have cultivated our rich land in the Mississippi val ley will answer for awhile, bat yonr children had as well be learning what they do elsewhere. For instance, you sometimes complain that drenching rains tear your crops to pieces. Now, believe me. that is because you don’t plow deep enough. You plow, I suppose, on the average, about four inches; well, maybe you plow five—l don’t know; in the midland coun ties of England they plow 14 or 15, and when necessarv thev put in five horses in a plow, and each horse will weigh twice as much as a Mis souri horse, and they tear very deep. 14 or 15 inches deep; and then there should be learned the discoveries of agricultural chemistry as to what is required in addition to natural soils. To-day there are fields that have been two and three centuries annually cultivated which Yield more than any acre iu the United States. So while I have not asked yon to grapple these difficult problems to-day 1 do say that the sooner you do it the better. Yours, I take it, is to remain an agricultuaal people, and. believe me. I shed no tears for the supposition. The hard-handed sons of toil, whose fxoes are browned in the sun, are the men npon whom we can safely rely in all Contingencies of National or Indivi dual Contest, And though they may go to town, and like Moses. sell their coat for chagrined spectacle cases, if they come back with the sense of hav ing been cheated, still they can lay their haqd upon the heart of an honest man and say in the pride of self-respect, “I would rather be cheated than to cheat.” And yonr daughters, too, in the rural population growing np in the cultivation of domestic virtues, trained to habits of usefulness, do not fritter away their lives upon idle gewgaws of polite society, as it is termed, and learn to captivate any soft headed. long-pursed young man who may fall within their grasp, but with native dignity al ways look upon the essential qualities of a man who, though stripped of his last penny, may still Btand one worthy to be called a hus band, and whom her children shall be proud to call father. [Cheers.] In this unity which nature has decided should exist between the people of the Missis sippi valley there must result, as a natural consequence, A Unity of Policy. It may not be to-day or to-morrow: it may not he in this generation; it may not be in the next, but it is in the fu tnre an inevitable fact that the peo ple of the Mississippi valley must have a policy because they have a material interest peculiarly their own,’ and material interests will always govern the policies of States. You must have a financial policy suited to vour con dition. A people who have no foreign trade, a people who live entirely among themselves, where one man sells broad that another man bakes, in exchange for clothing or some other oommodity, it may be that there will be a policy quite different from that which you de mand. Your surplus must then find a foreign market; the price in the foreign market will ever fix your own; it may be a little varying, but appoximatelv the price of the surplus will fix the price of all the rest yon have to eoll. Or else, you peroeive, there would be no surplus; or else, as you perceive, it would all bo surplus. If the foreign market was higher than the domestic, everybody would bo rushing to send their products abroad; if the foreign market was lower than the domestic, nobody would be willing to send their products abroad. So that., you preceive, that like a balance, it must settlo to the equilibrium, which is decided by tho value of the surplus. That surplus is the cur rency of the world. It is gold aud silver, and whatever your financial policy may be it must rest upon that basis. Now do not understand me to he engaging in this question of expan sion and contraction, or Inflation and Contraction, As it is. called. I don’t intend to touch upon that. All I moan to say is that the currency of the people who export most must he the currency of tho world, or sometning that is convertible into it. Now. do you ask mo wheth er I am in favor of tho declaration by Congress that there should be resumption of specie pay ments on January 1, 1879 ? I answer, Con gress had just as much power to say there should be resumption of specio payment on the first of January, 1876, as to say it should occur on the first of January, 1879. [Cries of good.] That is to say, they have got no power at all. You will have in this country specie enough when your exports exceed your imports, and not till then. The annual production of the precious metals in the United States may be roundly stated at sixty-two millions. Your exports are below your imports, and the conse quence of that is you exoort annually about lifty-two millions of specie. The other ten millions are hardly as much as is requisite for the arts. The consequence is, you are getting no more specie than you had ten years ago. You will have no more specie if the present condition of things exists ten years hence than you havo now. But if yon will ex port, as you are able to do, a hundred millions more than you import, then the world will pay you in specie, and specie will aggregate in your country. There will be those who say. "Oh. we have got too much currency.” Now. I don’t intend to involve myself in any question that would subjeot me to Political Criticism, But I do intend to say they don’t tell tho truth about this. In 1874, takin' the statements of tho Bureau of Statistics and converting all currency into Federal coin and Federal coin into gold, it may be stated thus: Tho active circulation of Great Britain per capita was s2l 34; of France, $44 91; Germany, sl7 87; and now wo como to this country bloated by an inflated currency, bloated so high no man can tell whether he has his pockets too full or not. except each, individual. And what is this active circulation per capita in the United States ? sl4 84; far loss than either of those great com mercial countries with which I have compared it. Now, then, I do not see, without being a financier, and having shaken hands forever with politics, I may say I do not see how we can have too much currency at present. And I suppose if I put tho question to each in dividual who hears me, he will put his hand on his pocket and say, “I don’t be lieve I have too much.” I will not enter into tho various systems which have been discussed as to how we are to have suffi cient currency without having a redundancy. It would take me beyond the limits of the ad dress which I propose to deliver to you; but this l;will say, that unless we have the curren cy of the world, we never can compete with other countries in exports. For example : If there are any paper money men, peculiarly per se paper money men, who hear me, I will say this, that I don’t mean them—because I will take the example of Spain. Spain, before the discovery of America, was, of European na tions, tlio first iu the manufacture of steel, of broadcloth, of silk, and of all the finer arts. After the discovery of the precious metals of America, gold and silver were imported in such large quantities that the policy of tho Govern ment was to hold it up in the country, prohibi tory laws being passed against its being ex ported, that gold and silver became so redund ant in Spain that labor was there far higher than in any other country in Europe. Now, mark the consequence. They had redundant currency, and the currency was gold aud silver, but they ceased to be manufacturers. The people surreptitiously carried the gold and sil ver to buy what they wanted abroad. They ceased to be Grangers, they didn’t make the bread they required to eat, and more of their gold and silver had to go out to buy thoir bread, and in the end Spain lost her gold and silver. She had already lost her manufactures, her dykes, her irrigating canals and gone into decay. They wore unable to produce ovon tho bread they required, and Spain languished in poverty from that day to this. And now, my friends, if there aro any native Americans among you, I have a word to say to them. Do not be afraid of this Influx of Foreigners To which I look forward, for again I return to the blessings of our peculiar geographical con dition. This influx of foreigners can never go in veins across your country; it can never bo localized ; and with the prejudices they import remain a disintegrated peoplo. It is common for man to migrate on parallels of latitude. The man accustomed to Indian corn kept on the parallel of Indian corn ; consequently your country was filled up before the country north, bnt vonr peculiar condition is such that your people must mingle not East and West and preserve the peculiarities, but they must travel North and South. You buy from tlie South and I trust you aro exporting to tho South; yon import "through the South, and your people are to bo so mingled as to consti tute one great homogeneous whole, and tlio next generation will be all tho bettor for that. Take a people who havo been utterly isolated. Take the Chinese, for instance, who built their great wall to prevent incursions of the Tartars. They gradually sank step by step to the condition of that heathen Ohiueo man who has figured latelv in the familiar poetry of Bret Harte. [Laughter.] When you see this mingled population has produced homogeneity, and with the introduction of new ideas from other countries, the general intelligence of this country will be increased. And then what ? Then. I say, let the Mis sissippi valley have at least One Great University, An institution of learning, where youths who are disposed to acquire knowledge for its own sake shall go under professors so profound as to teach them not only what is in the text books, but what is daily discovered. Let the university be so endowed as to be independent of fees; havo there a body of professors learned and diligent, who shall be engaged in constant investigation ; who shall he eter nally discovering the aroanaß of nature, and" give to you the fruits of their in quiry. Do not. my friends, believe that lam turning yon aside from your habitual utilita rian ideas, for this is utilitarian to the last de gree. Alt these discoveries are neoessary to the miner; all these discoveries are necessary to the fanner: all these improvements in me chanic arts flow from scientific investigation, and these men will be contributing to every profession, to every trade, to every calling. It is that which they most need, and if there be any drones among them I propose to get rid of those by a simple process. Give those profes sors enough to live on, whether they have fees or not: but let their living bo small unless they have fees to add to it. Tlius tlie professor who is diligent, who is talented, who is capable iu everv respect, will draw around him pupils, the fees from whom will constitute his salary in addition to the endowment, which is his support. The drones will thus be driven out, and the active bees will be left to make your hooey, and thus your youth, stimulated by such* examples and such opportunities, will flock to this university, and the interior of the country will at last become its luminary. The rising generation will go into the professions, into the arts, into the halls of Congress, into the executive departments, and show there more knowledge than those who are about them, and while they borrow honor from the people, thev will reflect lustre back upon you. Such is the hope with which I look forward to the future of the Mississippi valley. Conclusion. And now my friends, as I have wearied my self, if I have not also overtaxed your pa tience. allow me to conclude by expressing the heartfelt wish that all your days may be days of happiness; that year paths may be those of peace; that your fiitnre may be equal to that grand' development of which I believe your country capable, and though I. with many veare upon at Lsa4 and trials which have multiplied the drain upon my life, cannot hope to see consummated, I shall die praying for yon, men. women and children, every good of which' you are worthy and every good which our Eternal Father may bestow. Mr Davis resumed his seat amidst loud ap plause. and was enthusiastically congratulated by his friends. A large and elegant banquet was presented to him by Mrs. General Eowen. Oeptqin Bogardus, thou persecutor of innocent pigeons, get a copy of the New port News and read what it says: “There are some few countries in which bull fighting gfill prevails; bnt it is looked npon by the more civilized as cruel and demoralising, and utterly unworthy of any true gentleman. But surely it is no worse than pigeon Bhooting, except that the ball is a larger animal. And then ta its elements of courage and danger it ® A have some higher qualities *hich the killing of little birds does not” RALSTON’S FATE. Result of the Coroner’s Inquest in the Case. [From the San Francisco Chronicle, Sept. 4.] The coroner’s jury selected to investi gate the causes of the death of William G. Ralston met for the last time yester day afternoon. In beginning the busi ness of the session the coroner said, by way of explanation of the introduction of another witness, that he bad been guided strictly and solely by the law in this matter, and had endeavored to bring matters down to the finest possi ble point. He was only authorized to proceed to a certain extent, and in sub mitting the case to Mr. Fa’kenan he gave that gentleman the following writ ten directions os to the manner of pro ceeding with the analysis of the contents of the stomach of the deceased ; Instructions for the Analysis. San Francisco, August 31, 1875. Mr. Louis Falkenau : Sir— l submitted to you on Saturday morning last a stomach aud co .tents for chemical analysis, asking you to pro ceed at once with preliminaries, and promised definite instructions as soon as my first hearing of the case was held and the result of the autopsy duly con sidered. I herewith present them : The quantity being so very small, it will be impossible, as well as unnecessary, to make tests for every known poison. You will, therefore, make tests as to the presence, first, of such as leave no trace in the body apparent to the eye. There being no signs upon or within the body revealing corrosive action, the class of irritants producing such action may be set aside, also such agents as reveal their presence by an odor peculiar to themselves may be set aside, as none prevailed. The testimony of the witnesses who saw tho motion of the deceased in the water as well as the re velations of the autopsy clearly sug gest that if any poison had been taken into the stomach it must have been a narcotic or an irritant of tho non-cor roding class. You will therefore divide the substancejinto two portions—one for tests for organic poisons, the other for tests for inorganic poisons. You will, besides the general group tests, make special tests for strychnia and morphia of the organic group, and of the inor ganic group, the presence or absence of mineral substance. The small amount you have for examination suggests to me the above’method, which is, as you will observe, a search for such poisons as leave no trace in the body to the eye. Any suggestions you can give me will be gratefully received and well considered. I wish tlie utmost dispatch, but knowing that these processes cannot be hurried, I am prepared to expect and wait any reasonable delay. Yours truly, Bknj. K. Swan, Coroner. The Instructions Obeyed. Tho coroner then said: These were the directions that were given to Mr. Falkenau, aud all possible dispatch was used. A final result was reached this morning about 8 o’clock. Mr. Falkernau is present and will testify in regard to it. Mr. Fanlkenau being sworn testified that he was an analytical chemist, that he made an examination of the stomach and contents presented to him for that purpose by the coroner, and that the import of the instructions he made thereto was similar to those read by the coroner. He then presented his report of the chemical annalysis, which waß as follows : Report of the Annalysis; State Assay Office, ) San Francisco, Sept. 3, 1875. j [No. 2729.] Dr. B. It. Swan, Present: Sir— As directed by you, I proceeded to make a chemical analysis of the stom ach and contents placed in my hands. I divided it into two portions and sub jected one to tests for organic poisons and the other for inorganic poison. I first made special tests for strychnia and morphia, and finding no trace of either I applied gramp tests to a small portion of the substance and found no trace of organic poison. The remaining portion was treated with reference to the presence or absence of inorganic poison. The most perfect test failed to discover the presence of any mineral poison whatever. All ingredients used were, as is customary, first tested, aud counter reactions by the poisons sought were made, so that tlie proof in each case is conclusive. Yours, Lotos Falkenajj. Michael Reese's Experience With the Current that Drowned Mr. Ralston. The coroner announced that this closed the case so far as he was concerned. Juror Cohen said he would like to have tha testimony of Michael Reese heard. Mr Heese was not present at the time of Mr. Ralston’s death, but he was in tlie habit of going out to the same place to bathe, and could make a statement regarding the action of the currents and tide at that point, which he thought would throw light on the subject under consideration. The coroner and jury signified their willingness to hear Mr. Reese’s testimony and it was taken. Mr. Reese said: I have been going out there to bathe for twenty-four years, and for years past have gone every day. One time when I first began going out there the current came in very strong and I was carried the same way that Mr. Ralston was. I tried to swim back again against the tide and it was almost an impossibility. I remember that I was Carried on the Rocks There and cut all to pieces. My flesh was wounded and I was carried all the way up near Meigg’s wharf. I had my presence of mind, or else 1 should have been gone. I didn’t get exhausted alto gether, because I found it was no use swimming against the current, and I let the current carry me. After that time frequently, knowing all about it, I al lowed myself to go with the current. But Mr. Ralston had only been going to this place to bathe about four weeks pre vious to his death, and he was not ac quainted with the current I am sure. If lie had been he never would have gone in there. You can always seo by the bows of the ships how the current is running. If they stand toward the Golden Gate, then the current is coming in very strong, and when that is the case it is no use for anybody to attempt to withstand the current. It will take him to the rocks that are by Selby’s Works. If Mr. Ralston had known anything of this he would have satisfied himself how the current was running before he went out there. A Resistless Current. To try to get back when out there under such circumstances is almost cer tain to fail. There were two parties to my special knowledge drowned in trying to get back in that way. Anybody who tries to get back by swimming against the current will exhaust his strength, and then he is certainly lost. But a per son who keeps his presence of mind and remains quiet will come out all right. After my first struggle there I went around with the current fifty or one hundred times. It is a most delightful sensation to go with the current. You need not work at all. You need not stretch out your hand, but you must go just exactly where the current goes. The Verdict. The deceased was Willian C. Ralston, late of the city and county of San Fran cisco. His age was forty-nine years, and he was a native of Ohio. On Fri day ,afternoon, August 27, 1875, Mr. Ralston, according to his habit of bath ing there, proceeded to the North beach for the purpose of sea bathing. He used every reasonable and proper precaution to reduce liis bodily temperature before entering the water. He was carried .by the flood tide beyond his power to re turn, and his exertions to regain the shore, added to the shock to his system by contact with the water while he was overheated, produced congestion of the brain and vital organs. His death was caused primarily by such congestion, and secondary by drowning. The jury are unanimously of the opinion and do find that Mr. Ralston’s death was acci detal. Signed W. H. L. Barnes, J. B. Granniss, C. L. Weller, H. F. Williams, A. A. Cohen, R. F. Morrow, J. R. Keene, J. C. L. Wadsworth. The Coroner Approves. The coroner said: I approve of your verdict, gentlemen, and in conclusion allow me to thank you for your patient attendance in the investigation of this painful subject; and for myself I give you my heartfelt thanks and the thanks of the community. I have endeavored to omit all the mere rumors and bring the investigation down to the point, and to leave nothing undone that would bring out the facts in the case. I have kept strictly to the letter of the law, and it is without any affectation I say, “My deeds be on my head.” Gentlemen, yon are discharged. Encouraging news comes from a trust worthy and well informed gentleman of Baltimore. A prominent politician of that city says that the Democrats are sure of success in the coming campaign. John D. Carroll, the Democratic candi date for Governor, is a hard-money man, and the present condition of affairs in dicate that he will carry the State by over 25,900 majority. The opposition in the Democratic Convention to Mr. Carroll’s nomination are working like j bees for his election, as all Democrats should. General F. C. Latrobe, the Democratic candidate for Mayor of Bal timore, it is anticipated, will sweep the whole city. The Republicans are en deavoring to start a Know Nothing par ty, bnt their efforts are very weak, and will undoubtedly result in a disastrous failure and an overwhelming defeat on November 2.— New York World, LETTER FROM PENNSYLVANIA. The Summit of the Allejihaniea—Penn sylvania Railroad Georgia Con gratulated Politics Recent Fail ures and the Lessons, Ac. Cresson, Pa., September 10,1875. i Editors Chronicle and Sentinel: This ought to be a very sublime com munication if the altitude from which a letter is directed can infuse such an element in the composition. I am now I perched on the Pennsylvania crown of the Alleghany Mountains, a magnificent Summer retreat on the line of the Penn sylvania Railroad, 250 miles west of Philadelphia, and 100 miles east of Pittsburgh. As we are nearly 3000 feet above low water mark the temperature is cool and bracing throughout the heat ed term. Whilst the inhabitants of cities who dwell amid masses of brick are well nigh liquefied by the persistent caloric, blankets are necessary to com fort at night and woolen clothing is re quired by day. Yesterday at sunrise the mercury marked 50 degrees. On the day before when in the same latitude people in the plains were complaining of heat, I was obliged to keep my win dow down to avoid taking cold. Under my window runs the famous railroad already mentioned. You may form some idea of the extent of the business transacted when I tell you (as 1 learn) that one hundred and eighty trains —including all kinds —pass east or west every twenty-four hours. Steel rails are used throughout the whole road; and every equipment is in the best style and of the most durable material. In deed, said one of the enthusiastic offi cers of the company to me the other day : “ There is no better road, sir, in the world and nothing can be more com plete.” The trains run with almost as tronomical regularity and serious acci dents are of very rare occurrence. But despite the business and the excellence of the road the stock is just at par and the dividends do not near exceed those which yonr Georgia declared before she fathered (or is it mothered?) so many other railroads. The Pennsylvania has become the mother of a numerous pro geny found in various parts of the coun try. It will require strict economy and masterly management together with prosperous commercial seasons to keep all these children supplied with their promised dividends. I observe now an advertisement in a Philadelphia paper in which the said mother is proposing to borrow the modest sum of $54,000,- 000 at 6 per cent, for the purpose of paying off all her bonds and other in debtedness. This will require more than $3,000,000 per annum interest, and must be paid of course before the stock holders receive anything. With this heavy incumbrance it is not surprising that with the vast business and heavy receipts they should now be making only four per cent, semi-annual divi dends. Historians tell us that Rome sunk by the weight of its own magnifi cence and it would not be surprising if some of our mammoth railroad corpora tions should be submerged financially at least from a like cause. The political question of the hour here is who Bhall be the Democratic candidate for Governor at the approach ing election. The Republicans have nominated Hartranft, the present Gov ernor. He will be a formidable candi date for any opponent. Though a man of no special excellence in any respect, he has made a respectable Executive and being in the chair he has some advantages over anew man. Still the Democrats are sanguine. They believe that the po litical revolution which began last year is not yet played or rather rolled out and the principles which were then triumphant will achieve another victory in the election of the Democratic nomi nee. The currency question may prove a disturbing element in the calculation. The Republicans are outspoken for “hard money” as they phrase it; whilst the Democrats, though many of them favoring the earliest return to specie payments, aro inclined to reticence, nt least at the present time on the subject. I cannot tell you how greatly gratified our friends here have been at the con duct of Georgia in view of the serious disturbance of her peace with which she was recently threatened. You have, in deed, shown yourselves true to your motto, “Wisdom, Justice and Modera tion.” With a prudent Executive like Gov. Smith and a level-headed and im partial jurist like Judge Johnson, yon aro equal to any emergency. Had the jury, under the stimulus of alarm, made haste to execute on insufficient evidence the ignorant creatures who were manipu lated by unprincipled leaders you might have been involved in extensive riot and bloodshed at home—terminating in Federal interference if not in Federal vengeance. The material interests of your State would have been largely damaged and the success of the Demo cratic cause—the cause of the country— seriously imperilled in the important elections soon to transpire. In begging for troops from Washington the Missis sippi Governor confesses his impotence. In quelling the emeute by his own officers your Governor has shown that he is master of the situation. Of course you have remarked the great failures in Baltimore and San Fran cisco. The moral of these disasters is : Put not your trust in man. The head of the Baltimore defaulting house was a man of such unquestioned commercial standing that his business associates surrendered to his almost exclusive cus tody the largest interests of the firm, and of the Calvert company. An inves tigaton calls for $1,000,000, for which this gentleman can give no satisfactory account. Five days before his death people said Ralston was worth $20,000,- 000. He was considered the money king of California. When the bank stopped payment one of the directors publishes to the world that the said king had stolen $3,000,000 or $4,000,000, besides issuing fraudulent certificates of stock. Hence I say beware of overmuch confidence in man. Not that we should be distrustful and suspicious, not that all men are dis honest. There are Presidents in Geor gia to whom I would commit uncounted gold, assured of its perfect security; but men charged as bank and railroad di rectors are, with the living of widows and orphans, and the aged and the help less, should have something more than the assurance of any one man, immacu late though he be, that the funds are honestly and discreetly employed. Di rectors should direct. Another moral is : Put yonr funds into the hands of honest corporations rather than in the keeping of private bankers who are amenable to no tribunal. It turns out that the head of the house of Duncan, Sherman & Cos. was living at the rate of $40,000 or $50,000 per annum (some say more) when he was ntterly in solvent. Who pays these bills ? The unfortunate depositors and the deceived purchasers of the paper whieh was man ufactured to raise money to sustain such—under the circumstances— dishon orable living. After Jay, Cooke & Cos., and Dnncan, Sherman & Cos., deliver me from private bankers. X. The Horrors of Civil War. The London Standard says: The fol lowing extract from a letter addressed by the Carlist General Castella to Colo nel do Charette, is handed to us by the London Carlist Committee for publica tion. The writer had command of the fortifications at Yallareal during the re cent engagement. “I have, during my life, witnessed some very sad scenes of war, and I thought I had seen the summit of hu : man misery in the retreat of the Army of the East ih 1870, of which I com manded the rear guard. But I cannot recall any impression which can be com pared with the feeling which I expe rienced on entering, with Brigadier Val luerca, the principal street of Villareal, when it w’as on fire from one end to the other. The crackling of the flames, whose red glare struggled against the light of the midday sun, the heavy crash of windows giving way and roofs falling in, the shrieks of frenzied women and the cries of children who run with bare feet on the ashes, the grim despair of the old men, as they gazed with dry eye and fixed stare upon the scene, the im precations of the Carlist soldiers as par ties of them rushed in hot pursuit of the incendiaries, the rattle of the musketry, II formed a horrible spectacle which Raffles description. b “i saw in a side street, between two burning houses, a woman lying stretch ed out on a mattress surrounded by lit tle children, half naked, who were utter ing piercing cries. The atmosphere was unbearable. The flames all but licked the paths; the burning ruins were fall ing down on all sides quite close to them; and the family, abandoned in the confusion, were about to be either roasted or crushed. I got off my horse, which was dreadfully frightened by the flames and the noise around, and I went up to where the sick woman lay. She was paralyzed. Her husband, a mule driver, was away. Some soldiers had carried her out of the house before set ting fire to it. The only thing left to her, and that by mere good luck, was the’ mattress on which she was lying. The heat was becoming more and more intense; their faces were crimson; the children in their agony redoubled their shrieks; their poor mother, as she look ed at them, weeping and calling on the Holy Virgin to aid them. What eould be more heartrending than this picture, framed as it were in fire ? Senator Sharon, of California, is said to have rented “Castle Stewart” at $lB,- 000 a year. Mrs. Senator Stewart, and ' her daughter, Mrs. Lieut. Hooker, are meanwhile passing a year or two in Eu rope. MADISON SUPERIOR COURT. Cases Tried—Lawyers Present. Fort Lamar, Madison County, Ga., ( September 10th, 1875. ) Editors Chronicle and Sentinel : Thinking a Brief account of the pro ceedings of the Superior Court of our county, which adjourned on day before yesterday, might be of interest to some of yonr readers, I have concluded to send yon a few lines concerning the same. The Conrt met on Monday morning, Judge E. H. Pottle presiding. The following attorneys were present: Local bar. Col. Gabriel Nash and Capt. J. M. Mathews, ex-Solicitor-General ; from Athens, Maj. Lamar Cobb,Col. S.P. Thur mond and Mr. L. W.Thomas; from Lex ington, Col. J. D. Mathews, Mr. W. G. Johnson and Samuel H. Lumpkin, So licitor-General; from Elberton, Mr. John T. Osborn; from Carnesville, Mr. W. S. Little. Several civil cases were disposed of, but none of Very great importance ex cept the case of Rufus M. Meroney vs. James Allen. In this case Mr. Meroney had purchased a tract of land at sher iff’s sale last June, and this was an ap plication to compel the Sheriff to put him in possession of the same. Mr. Allen was claiming it as a homestead under the bankrupt law. Mr. W. G. Johnson and Mr. Samuel H. Lumpkin were Mr. Meroney’s lawyers, and Cols. Thurmond and Mathews and Maj. Cobb were for Mr. Allen. The decision was in favor of Mr. Meroney, but the case will be taken to the Supreme Court. An other case exoited some amusement. John C. Mathews had sued out a possessory warrant against Harry Mathews to recover the possession of a negro boy named Gil bert. ’Henry Smith, J. P., decided in favor of the plaintiff, and Mr. L. W. Thomas certioraricd. In his answer to the same Mr. Smith stated that he was aware negroes were not property, but that under a possessory warrant noth ing could be decided by the Court but the quest ion of possession, and he had for that reason sustained the warrant. Of. course his judgment was set aside, The grand jury returned nine true bills, and among them one against John Hopkins and George C. Mathews for the murder of Bolton Thurmond.* None of the criminal cases disposed of are of speoial importance. In the ease of Louisa House vs. Eze kiel House, both colored, libel for di vorce, the jury found that the proof was not sufficient to authorize a divorce. Mr. Osborn for plaintiff and Major Cobb contra. I cannot think of any news of interest now, but may write to you again. Re -Bpectfully, W. H. P. A London letter tells of a strange ac cident that happened to Mr. H. Bal dock, an ex-member of the House of Commons : “When the house of Alexan der Collie, the absconding swindler, in Kensington Place Gardens—a highly se lect and aristocratic quarter of London —was on view previous to sale, it was, of course, from its luxurious grandeur, an object of much curiosity, and was visited by great numbers of people. Among others, Mr. Beldock went, and was very much struck by a magnificent conservatory. In advancing to look at it more nearly, he walked straight through a large sheet of glass which he had not observed, and severely cut one of his legs above the knee, besides re ceiving other injuries. At first the case excited anxiety, but was hopefully re garded. Erysipelas, however, set in, and proved fatal.” An Alabama man has been trying to lead a church and manufacture lead nickels at the same time. PUBLIC REPORT —OF A— POLICEMAN. I have not enjoyed good health for several years past, yet have not allowed it to interfere witli my labor. Every one belonging to the laboring class knows the ineonvonience of being obliged to labor when the body, from debility, almost refuses to perfprm its daily task. I never was a believer in dosing with medicines; but having heard tho VEGETINE spoken of so highly, was determined to try it, and shall never regret that determination. As a tonic (which ovory one needs at some time) it surpasses anything I ever heard of. It in vigorates tho whole system; it is a great oleau ser and purifier of the blood. Thero are many of my acquaintances who have taken it, and all unite in praise of its satisfactory effect. Especially among tho aged class of people, it imparts to them the one thing most needful in old age—nights of calm, sweet repose, thereby strengthening the mind as well as the body. One aged lady, who has been suffering through life from scrofula, and lias become blind from its effects, having tried many reme dies with no favorable result, was induced.by friends to try tho VEGETINE. After taking a few bottles, sho obtained such great relief that she expressed a wish for her sight, that she might be ablo to look upon the man who had sont her such a blessing. Yours respectfully, O. P. H. HODGE, Police Officer, Station 6. Boston. Mass., May 9, 1871. Heartfelt Prayer. St. Paul, August 22, 1864, B. 11. Stevens, Esq.: Dear Sir— l should bo wanting in gratitude if I failed to acknowledge what tho VEGE TINE has done for me. 1 was attacked about eleven months since with Bronchitis, which settled into Consumption. I had night sweats and fever chills; was distressed for breath, and frequently spit blood; waH all emaciated, very woak, and so low that my frjonds thought my case hopeless. I was advised to make a trial c the VEGE TINE, which, under tho providjnee of God, has cured me. That Ho may bless the use of yonr medicine to others, as he lias to mo, and that His divine giace may attend you, is tho heartfelt prayer of your admiring, humble ser vant, BENJAMIN PETTINGILL. P. B.—Mine is but one among tho many cures your medicine has effeoted in this place. B. P. MAKE fTPUBLIC. South Boston, February 9, 1871. 11. It. Stemms, Esq.: Dear Sir— l have hoard from very many sources of the groat success of VEGETINE in cases of Scrofula, Ilheumatism, Kidney Com plaint, Cattarrh, and other diseases of kindred nature. I make no hesitation in saying that I know VEGETINE to be tho most reliable reme dy for Catarrh and General Debility. My wife lias been troubled with Catarrh for many years, and at times very badly. She has thoroughly tried every supposed romedy that we could hear of, and with all this she has for several years gradually been growing worse, and the discharge from the head was excessive and very offensive. Sho was in this condition when she com menced to take VEGETINE; I could see that she was improving on tho second bottle. She continued taking tho VEGETINE until she had used from twelve to fifteen bottles. I am now liappy in informing you and tho public (if you choose to make it public) that she is entirely curod, and VEGETINE accomplished the cure after nothing else would. Hence I feel justi fied in saying that VEGETINE is the most re liable remedy, and would advise all suffering humanity to try it, for I believe it to be a good, honest, vegetable medicine, and I shall not hesitate to recommend it. I am, Ac., respectfully, - L. C. CARDELL, Storo 451 Broadway. VEGETINE acts directly upon the causos of these complaints. It invigorates and strength ens the whole system, acts upon the secretive organs, allays inflammation, cleanses and cures ulceration, cures constipation, and regu ates the bowels. Has Entirely Cured Me. Boston, October, 1870. Mr, Stevens : Dear Sir— My daughter, after having a so vere attack of whooping Cough, was left in a feeble state of health. Being advised by a friend, she tried tho VEGETINE. and after using a few bottles was fully restored to health. I have been a great sufferer from Bheuma tism. I have taken several bottles of the VEGETINE for this complaint, and am happy to say it has entirely cured me. I have recom mended the VEGETINE to others, with the same good results. It is a great cleanser and purifier of the blood: it is pleasant to take; and I can cheerfully recommend it. JAMES MORSE, 36-1 Athens Street. SOLD B 1 ALL DRUGGISTS AND DEALERS EVERY- WHERE. jy27-4w ESTABLISHED IN 1847. MELVIN HARD & SON, WHOLESALE PAPER WAREHOUSE, 25 BEEKMAN STREET, NEAR NASSAU STBEET, NEW YOBK. AGENTS for Owens, Jessup A Laflin, L. L. Brown A Cos., Byron Weston’s, Ben nington, American, Mt. Hope, Mammonth River and Salmon Biver Mills, and Crane’s Bond Papers. Sole Agents for Carson's old Berkshire Mills, established in 1801. je22-df Awly THE JAS. LEFFEL Double Turbine Water Wheel. KamiiuLtorcci by W POOLE & HUNT. Baltimore, Md. MH 7,000 IVO WJ X VSEt pi® n Simple, Strong, Durable, y&r |j always reliable and satis. Manufacturers, also, 01 Portable & Stationary Steam Boilers, jjagfea &:■ yy & Grist Mills, Min. Lag Machinery .Gearing jateySter for Cotton Mills, Flour, G 1 Mill Machinerj^llySmillc o anl L*other Presses,&c. Shafting, Pulleys and Hangers a specialty. Machine made Gearing; accu rate and of very beet finish, Send for Circular* • Notice to Debtors and Creditors. ALL persons having claims against Chas. , G. Goodrich will send them in by the first day of OCTOBER, duly attested, and all ' persons indebted will come forward by the 21st 1 of SEPTEMBEIt, or their accounts will be ] placed in the hands of an attorney or sold at . public outcry. JAMES J. BROOM. GEO. W. SUMMERS, aul7-tuthsaAwtd Assignees. IN ew Advertlsementsi, WHITE SHIRTINGS. W E HAVE RECEIVED TWENTY CASES OF YARD WIDE BLEACHED SHIRTINGS, WHICH WE WILL SELL AT 10c, These Shirtings have been ackowledged by all our customers to be SUPERIOR to FRUIT OF THE LOOM, LONSDALE and HILL’S SEMPER IDEM. There is no use in paying 15 per cent, extra bn Shirting merely for a name or brand. We are therefore determined to sell these Goods on their merits and by that means save the consumers 15 per cent., and at the same time supply our ouatomers with a superior grade of Goods. CHRISTOPHER GRAY & CO. We have received an excellent assortment of BLACK SILKS at all prices. Onr stock of these goods will compare favorably with anything ever offered in this market. Wo call speoial attention to five pieces of that famous Blaok Sjlk at $2 00 per yard. So cheap that most people thought it was smuggled. Wo have also receivod a full stock of BLACK DRESS GOODS at prices much lower than last year. Bombazines, Cachmeres, Alpacas, Mohairs, Ac. We offer the best TOWEL ever sold in Augusta at the price, 250. Fiue TOWELS and LINEN GOODS generally in large quantities. CHRISTOPHER GRAY & CO. selOdf^^ liponanl to i Boot, kiarilai Mu WE ARE NOW PREPARED TO SUPPLY OUR FRIENDS AND THE TRADE GENERALLY WITH Boots, Shoes, Hats and Trunks AT • GREATLY REDUCED PRICES. OUR WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT IS COMPLETE, AND WE WILL SELL TO THE TRADE AT New York Jobbers Prices. - OUR RETAIL DEPARTMENT IS WELL SUPPLIED WITH MILES A SONS’ BOOTS, SHOES AND GAITERS; ZEIGLER BROS. LADIES’ BUTTONED AND LACE BOOTS, SHOES AND GAITERS ; DUNBAIUt A CO.’S CHILDREN’S BUTTONED AND LACE BOOTS; SOLLEIiS A CO.’S CHILDREN’S BUTTON ED AND LAOE BOOTS, AND FULL LINES OF OTHER DESIRABLE GOODS. SMALL PROFITS AND LARGE SALES IS OUR MOTTO. . • NO TROUBLE TO SHOW GOODS. * AN EXAMINATION OF OUR GOODS AND PRICES INVITED. sops—sutolhAwlmo 289 BROAD STREET. SUPERB BLACK SILK :o: We have just received by Ex press a full line of Lyons Manu factured Black Silks. These Goods are of Bonnets and Jaubert Andras’ Make, and excel all others in durability and rich ness of finish. Made entirely of Pure Silk, they are guaranteed to give perfect sat isfaction. Also, a full line of Lupin’s Supe rior 6-4 Black Cachmeres. Lupin’s Henrietta Cloths and Bombazines. Turner’s Superior Black Mohairs and Alpacas. New Fall Goods arriving daily. All of which we are offering at the lowest prices. Call, Examine and be Convinced. JAMES A. GRAY & CO. sep!2-tf THE IMPROVED Winship Cotton Gin ! ! Xs ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE THE BEST BY ALL WHO USE IT, or have seen it in operation. It is now the LEADING COTTON GIN in the South. VERY LARGE REDUCTION IN PRICES—ONLY $3 50 PER SAW, DE LIVERED. : WINSHIP COTTON PRESS, The Best and Cheapest WROUGHT IRON COTTON SCREW in the market, made to work by Hand, Horse, Steam or Water Power. Prices reduced to suit the times, and now Very Low. SIOO EACH AND UPWARDS,’according to stylo of Press wanted. EVERY GIN AND PRESS WARRANTED. For furtlior information and terms, apply to , C. H. PHIM/Y & 00., Agents, jyl—w2m AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. Fairbanks’ Scales. The Standard. ALSO, Miles’ Alarm Cash Drawer. C '4OFFER and DrugMillß,Lotter ProsßOß, Ac. J Principal Scalo Warehouses, Fairbanks & Cos., 311 Broadway, N. Y.; Fairbanks A Cos., 10(1 Baltimore street, Baltimore, Md.; Fairbanks A Go., 53 Camp street, Now Or leans; Fairbanks A Cos., 93 Main street, Buf falo, N. Y.; Fairbanks A Cos., 338 Broadway, Albany, N. Y.; Fairbanks A Cos., 403 St. Paul’s street, Montreal; Fairbanks A Cos., 34 King Williams street, London, England; Fairbanks, Brown A Go., 2 Milk street, Boston, Mass.; Fairbanks A Ewing, Masonic Hall, Philadel phia, Pa.; Fairbanks, Morse A Cos., 11l Lake street, Chicago; Fairbanks, Morse A Go., 139 Walnut street, Cincinnati, Ohio; Fairbanks, Morse A Cos., 182 Superior street, Cleveland, Ohio; Fairbanks, Morse A Cos., 48 Wood street, Pittsburgh; Fairbanks, Morse A Cos., 6th A Main street, Louisville; Fairbanks A Cos., 302 A 304 Washington avenue, St. Louis; Fairbanks A Hutchinson, San Francisco, Cal. For sale by leading Hardware Dealers. jyfi-codAw3m IMYKIISIU OF GEORGIA, SEVENTY-FIFTH YEAR. FACULTY. . H. H. TUCKER, D. D.. Chancellor. W. H. WADDELL, A. ML, Prof, of Latin. CHARLES MORRIS, A. M.. Prof, of Greek. C. P. WILLCOX, A. M., Prof, of Modem Languages. E. W. HI’EER, D. D., Prof, of Bellos-Lotters. P. H. MELL, D. D., L.L. D., Prof, of Meta physics. W. L. BROUN, L.L. D., Prof, of Natural Philosophy and President Georgia State Col lege Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. WMB. RUTHERFORD, A. M., Prof, -of Mathematics. L. H. CHARBONNIER, A. M., Prof, of En gineering. a H. C. WHITE, C. and M. E., Prof, of Chem istry and Geology. W. M. BROWNE. A. M„ Prof, of History. E. M. PENDLETON, M. D., Prof, of Agri culture. W. W. LUMPKIN, A. M., Prof, of English Literature. W. L. MITCHELL, A. M.. Prof, of Law. The next Term opens on OCTOBER Cth, 1875. Tuition in Academic Department, $75, payable in advance, viz: $35 on October 6th, with $5 Library fee, and S4O on March Ist, 1876. Fifty beneficiaries from the State ad mitted without fee. The State College of Agri culture and the Mechanic Arts forms a part of the University, and opens October Cth. Law School opens August 16th, 1875 ; second term opens February 21st, 1876. Fees, S6O per term. Every branch of a liberal and professional edu cation afforded. For catalogues, etc., address. W. H. WADDELL, anl7-tnAwtf Sec. Faculty, Athens, Ga. Closing’ Out Sale BY THE ASSIGNEES OF C. G. GOODRICH. A LARGE STOCK OF GOODS to ho sold below cost, consisting of Harness, Saddles, Bridles, Saddle Cloths, Horse Blankets,Collars, Tranks, Valises, Satchels, Leather, Shoe Find- . ings. Horse Brashes, Bits, Spurs, Halters, Buckles, Bings, Copper Rivets, Harness, Leath er and Rubber Belting, Plantation Wagons, one Herring Safe, one Desk, Show Cases, Counters, Shelving, Ac., Ac. All goods remaining on hand on September 21st will be sold at public outcry. JAMES J. BROOM, G. W. SUMMERS, 1 aul7-tuthsaAwtd Assignees. New AtlTertlisomenrsi AGENTS WANTED We will prove, by facts and our splendid illustrat ed circulars and extra terms, that our new book, LIVINGHTONE’B LD’E and EXPLORATIONfI and LAST JOUIiNALS, outsells any other. The only gonuino low priced people’s edition, (150 pages, only $2 60, superbly Illustrated. No matter what you think—write and be convinced ; or, if in haste to be gin work, send $1 for complete outfit for it and another book gratis. VALLfcY PUBLISHING CO., Cincinnati, Ohio. au2s-4w Water’s Concerto Parlor Organs Aro the most boautitul In stylo and perfect in tone ever made. The CONCERTO STOP is the best ever placed in any Organ. It is produced by an extra set of reeds, peculiarly voiced, the effect of which is most CHARMING and SOUL STIRRING, while its imitation of tho human voice is superb. WATER’S NEW ORCHESTRAL VESPER, Grand and VIA LEBTE ORGANS, in Unique French Cases, combine Pnrity of VOICING w.th great volume of tone; suitable for Parlor or Church. WATER’S NEW SCALE PIANOS Have great power and a finn singing tone, with all modern improvements, and are the BEST PIANOS MADE. These Organs and Pianos are warranted for Hix years. PRICES EXTREMELY LOW for cash or part cash and balance In monthly payments. Second-Hand instruments at great bargains. Pianos and Organs to rent until paid for as per contract. AGENTS WANTED. Special inducements to tho trade. A liberal discount to Teachers, Ministers, Churches, Schools, Lodges, etc. Illustrated Cata logues mailed. HORACE WATERS & SONS, 481 Broadway, New York. P. O. Box 3,5f>7. au2o-4w Trinity College, N. C. SESSION commences SEPTEMBER 2, 1875. Full Faculty, elegant buildings, superior board and accommodations; location near High Point, on tlie N. C. Railroad, very healthy. A receipt in full for all expenses, except book 4 and clothing, for fivo mentiiM. will be given for S9O. Aid given to young men of limited means. Post Office, “Trinity College, N. C.” jy2B-4w B. CRAVEN, President. A FORTUNE IN IT- Every family bnys it. Sold by agent" : Address, G. H. WALKER, Erie, Pa. ap2s-4w For Coughs, Colds, Hoarseness, and all Throat Diseases, use WELLS’ CARBOLIC TABLETS, PUT UP ONLY IN BLax: BOXES. A TRIED AND SURE-REWSEDY. Bold by Drngcista generally, and JOHNSTON, HOLLOWAY, Philadelphia, Pa. leia-4 WHEREVER IT HAS BEEN TRIED JURUBEBA Has established itself as a perfect regulator and sure remedy for disorders of the system arising from improper action of the Liver and Bowels. IT IS NOT A PHYSIC, but, by stimulating the secretive organs, gently and gradually removes all impurities and regulates the entire system. IT IH NOT A LOCTORED BITTERS, but is a VEGETABLE TONIC, Which assists digestion, and thus stimulates tho ap petite for food necessary to invigorate the weakened or inactive organs, and gives strength to all the vital forces. IT CARRIES ITS OWN RECOMMENDATION, as the large and rapidly increasing sales testify.— Price One Dollar a bottle. Ask your Druggist for it* JOHNSTON HOLLOWAY & CO., je2s~4w Philadelphia, Pa., Wholesale Agents. M. A. STOVALL, Warehouse & Commission Merchant, No. 1 Warren Block, Augusta, Ga. THANKFUL for the liberal patronage here tofore bestowed, would take this occasion to notify the Planters of Georgia and Carolina that he continues the Commission Bnsiness in all its branches (except buying and Belling fu tures), and solicits consignments of Cotton for sale or storage. He will givo the selling of cotton his personal attention. He is, as here tofore, Agent for the Justly celebrated Patapsco Guano and Grange Mixture. aug!s-w3m M. A- STOVALL. Fruitland Nurseries, Augusta, Ga., F. J. BERCKMANB, Proprietor, ORDERS for Trees. Plants, Bulbs, Seeds. Ac,, left with the undersigned will bo promptly attended to. GEORGE SYMMS, Agent, sepl—Cm 221 Broad Street.
