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WEDNESDAY. NOVEMBER 17, 1875.
SOUTH CAROLINA AND MJBSIBBIP-
The Washington Capital says that
Mississippi is to be congratulated, for
she is once more a free State. Whatever
sorrow or joy the various results of the
recent elections may carry to cliques
and parties, the final emancipation of
Mississippi from the rule of the carpet
bagger may bo regarded as a national
blessing. To Mr. Lamab more than
any other man the country is indebted
for the rehabilitation of this State. With
the Constitution in one hand and the
olive branch in the other he has met the
Radicals of the South and the Radicals
of the North; he has by precept and
example taught his own people the les
son of patience and long suffering; he
has labored earnestly, conscientiously
and successfully to restrain the fiery
natures of his constituents, and has
kept them from deeds of violence
under the most provoking treatment,
whose occasional commission has hereto
fore given their enemies some col
orable grounds for the assertion that
Mississippi is the least law-abiding State
in the country. The white men of Mis
sissippi declined to enter into combina
tions with either the carpet-bagger or
the negro politician. They bided their
time and endured wrongs at the hands
of their former slaves and men who came
from the North with no other aim than
to fatten upon their substance, oppress
them and malign them. At last the ne
gro himself arose to some appreciation
of the situation ; the more intelligent
east their political lot with those white
men whose interests were identical with'
their own, and another year will see this
great State striding on to prosperity.
The case of Mississippi is the case of
South Carolina. South Carolinians have
the same motive for throwing off the yoke
of the spoiler, and the Lord of Hosts
will give them a leader. There are men
in Sonth Carolina just as able and just
as patriotic as Mr. Lamab, and they
must come to the front in the next cam
paign. r
SENATOR BAYARD.
We publish in another column of the
Chronicle AND Sentinel, this morning,
a letter to the Atlanta Herald, writ
ten by Senator Bayard, of Delaware.
We make no apology for the space which
the letter occupies, because we believe
that no better nor more acceptable mat
ter conld be offered to our readers. The
views presented by Mr. Bayard will,
for two reasons, command attention. In
the first place, because of their sound
ness and intrinsic merit. In the second
place, because they are the sentiments
of a man who at the present time has an
excellent chance of being tho next Pre
sident of tho United States. The defeat
of the Democrats in Ohio effectually
killed Inflation and all its disciples and
adherents. But it did more than that.
It eliminated from tho Presidential con
test Governor Tn.DF.N-a man who, up
to that timo, had been decidedly the
strongest candidate in the held. The
Democracy of the country are not will
ing to support any inflationist for the
Presidency. Neither are they willing to
support any man for tho Presidency
who, in an important political campaign,
gave aid and comfort to the enemy. Mr.
Bayard is known all over tho country as
an able and consistent hard-money
Democrat —one utterly opposed to in
flation in all its forms. But neither
Mr. Bayard nor Mr. Bayard’s friends
are known to have done anything, direct
ly or indirectly, to compass the defeat
of Allen and tho election of the Repub
lican candidate for Governor in
Ohio. He is n man of stainless
pnblio and private character, and
during his career in the Senate of tho
United States has been noted for un
swerving adherenoe to the great princi
ples of Constitutional Government, -For
these reasons Mr. Bayard is justly re
garded as the most prominent Demo
cratic candidate for tho Presidency.—
Unless some now unforeseen change
should tako place his chances arc good
for the nomination next Summer.
Thin “open letter” of Mr. Bayard’s
gives succinctly, yet strongly, his views
upon financial questions ami of the policy
in reference to the same which should he
adopted by the Southern people. He
shows, and to our mind convincingly,
that tho country has nothing to fear
from contraction, so-called, and an early
resumption of specie payments. He
says, and rightly, that the evils which
the country is now suffering—evils
which have paralyzed trade and pros
trated labor, which have locked up capi
tal and crushed enterprise—have been
caused by a want of confidence produced
by the mischievous schemes'of the infla
tionists. An* addition of five hundred
tailing to the circulating medium to
morrow would not help tho couutry or
people a particle. In fact, such a step
would only add to the misfortunes by
which both are now overwhelmed. The
bubble has beeu pricked and cannot
bo blown agaiu. No one will
be deceived a second time. The
sooner we recognize this fact
and act upon it, the sooner will be
brought about a restoration of per
manent prosperity. We must resolutely
turn our backs upon a policy which cau
only lead to universal bankrupt
cy and utter ruin. Tho cry of
“more money" is a delusion and
a snare—a pitfall for the unwary. What
we need is a restoration of confidence
which will permit the millions now
locked up all over the country to be
made available. As we have said before |
using the words of a well known busi
ness mnu of this city—it is the uncer
tainty which kills, liesumption of spe
cie payments to-morrow would not do
half the mischief that is occasioned by
the present anomalous condition of af
fairs. Immediate resumption would do
some damage we admit, but not near as
much as will be done unless resumption
decided upon. Those whom
would kill will die anyhow—it
is only a question of time. Unless our
financial policy is speedily settled every
one will be rained. Better to lose the
dyiug twig than the whole tree. Better
let the arm be amputated than to lose
the whole body by gangrene. If such
a financial policy as that indicated
bj Mr. Bayard be adopted the whole ;
country will instantly feel its effects.
Doubt would disappear and certainty
take the place of uncertainty. The
money which is now concealed would 1
come' from its hiding places. Buried ;
treasures would be resurrected. Trade j
wouid start from its lethargy, industry j
would recover from its paralysis. Mon j
would no louger be afraid to risk their
means. Labor would find employment.
Capital would fieek profitable invest- j
ment. Investment* would be made at j
any point where a reasonable return was <
promised, and every inU.-est would j
thrive. Mr. Bayard favors a return to
the State Banking system. So do we j
all The National Bank system created |
for a special purpose has answered that
parpose, has served its turn, and
should now yield to the necessities of:
the times. Mr. Bayard shows how these j
institutions can be made and have been
auuie detrimental to the public while
they .have, wittingly or unwittingly,
most probably the latter, served the
purposes ot speculators and their illegi
timate interest.'. The State Banking
■vstern is the safest and the best. It has
been tried before and found wanting.
Let ns return to first principles and take
from the hands of politicians the power
to ruin, through ignorance or design,
tiie business interest# of ike couutry.
What the South seeks uow is the adop
tion of a financial policy which will give
her the one thing, and the one thing
atouc, which she needs, viz: capital.
We have everything else. Our re
source* ouly need development. We
have fine lands, a hospitable climate,
inexhaustible water power, unequalled
mineral deposits. All that we wish is
capital to develop our resources. De
velopment can only be accomplished by
capital and capital will only come with
confidence. Confidence must and will
be secured by the adoption of a policy
which discards the wild theories of
crackbrained inflationists and affords us
a currency which will give security to
oapital, an impetus to business and a
stimulus to enterprise of every descrip
tion. ______
THE MAN ON HORSEBACK.
We published yesterday morning an
article from the St. Lonis Times— a lead
ing Democratic paper of the Weat—<>n
the third term, which was well worthy
perusal. It was the fashion with many
to ridicule the “ C*s abism ” articles
which appeared a year or more ago in
the Herald as attempts to create a sen
sation. But events have shown, and
are constantly showing, that there was
a great deal of truth in what was writ
ten on this subject. When General
Grant was nominated for the Presi
dency in 1868, General Frank Blair
predicted that if he once got possession
of the White House he would’ not. come
out again “ unless he came feet fore
most,” plainly signifying that death
alone would rid the country of the sol
dier-President. In 1872, when Grant
intrigued for and secured a second term,
some of the ablest members of the Re
publican party abandoned it rather than
give their support to a scheme whieh
they considered so franght with danger
to the country. Grant was elected in
1868 and in 1872. He is actively in
triguing now for election in 1876. It
may be said that he has no chance of
election. . This may lie true and it may
not be true. Whatever may be his
cTiafied of election, his nomination we
consider almost a certainty. He will go
into the National Republican Conven
tion with the solid Southern vote. He
will receive the support of every South
ern delegation from Maryland to Texas,
and if one or two Northern States
espouse his cause he will be nominated
beyond a doubt. It will require no vio
lent stretch of the imagination to suppose
him nominated. Suppose that through
the blunders of the Democracy, or, as
bad, their weakness, he be elected, what
shall prevent the victory of consolida
tion, the triumph of Cjesarism. It is
said that tho army at his back is too
small to conquer forty millions of “free
men.” Suppose that forty millions of
“freemen” are willing to bo conquered,
that forty millions of freemen will sub
mit without striking a blow, what then ?
People who have submitted to usurpa
tion once will submit to usurpation
again. The encroachments upon liberty
made by the Radical party during the
past ten years have prepared the people
for almost anything. A subversion of
the Government now would not create a
tittle of the alarm and indignation which
the passage of the Enforcement act or
the Civil Rights bill would have caused
twenty-five years ago. General Grant iu
his attempt to overthrow republican
government would be backed by the
arnl y_ B mall, it is true, but experience
has shown how quickly citizens suc
cumb to the power of the military. He
would bo backed by the capital of the
country, for capital is notoriously timid
and dreads despotism less than a change
of administration. He would, in ad
dition, be backed by large numbers
of people who are disgusted with
so-called republican government and
prefer the dominion of one man to
the rule of the mob. All these elements
wpnld unite to keep General Grant,
elected for a third time, in the White
House for life. The Democracy must
make up their miud that a third term
meaus G*;sarihm, that a third term
means despotism.
PHILADELPHIA FINANCES.
New York is not peculiar in the ex
travagance of its municipal debt. Its
neighbor, Philadelphia, which is con
stantly. attempting to rival it in metro
politan characteristics, has certainly
succeeded in rivalling it in this respect.
In 1872, it is stated, the cost of the vari
ous departments of Philadelphia was §5,-
694,444; now it is over §10,00t,000, hav
ing been nearly doubled iu three years
under the regime of the “Pilgrims,” as
the Republican ring is called. And al
though the expenditures have thus
largely increased, yet has not tho debt
been diminished; on tho contrary, it lias
increased, too. It 1872 the funded
debt was §47,000,000, and the floating
debt §8,300,000— making the entire iu
dobtnesa §60,300,000. On the first of
January, 1875, the funded debt was
§60,271,000; iu addition to this there is
a floating debt of about §10,000,000; and
there has been contracted this yoar §l,-
800,000 of bonded debt, and there is yet
to bo contracted §1,200,000. The aggre
gate indebtednes of the city at the end
of the present year will, therefore, it is
estimated, be over §74,000,000. This is
larger in proportion to the valuation
than the debt of New York city.
HOME RULE FOR IRELAND.
"A meeting of Irish Nationalists was
held last eveuiug (we quote from the
New York Herald, of the Bth) for the
purpose of considering the action it
would be proper to take with regard to
the present policy .of rthe .Hqme Rule
party iu Ireland.” •; %•.. \ , ,r
As this question ha* no'* been public-,
ly brought forward by the ‘“Nationalist”
party of New York—if we , igJglß cftj'
them so—it might not be Il*fppAt
briefly sketch for the benefit l OuTlrish’
readers, which, of course, include at!
those of Irish descent who have not
made a study of the question, what this
Home Rule really means. Iu the first
place, it is different from what a repeal
of the union at preseut existing between
Great Britain and Ireland would be, for
that virtually means nothing more nor
less than total separation from England;
bnt simply a separation to this extent:
upon all domestic matters the liber
ty of making the laws for Ireland iu
Ireland and the establishment of a native
parliament in College Green, iu a word
allowing Ireland the same liberty that
Australia aud Cauada enjoy, and only
upon an imperial question allowing Eng
land to interfere in Irish affaire. This
is Home Rule. Australia has had this
for years, and not long since the boon
was given to Cauada without her asking
for it. Surely if for no other reason
than pure gratitude alone, this petition
so humbly begged for by the Irish peo
ple should lie granted to Ireland as well
I as to either Canada or Australia, for it
s is a met acknowledged that more Irish
men have shed their blood ou tbs battie
i field fighting for England's honor aud i
i the glory of the English flag than both
i Australians and Canadians combined, '
' But gratitude in regard to Ireland is a '
word uot to lie found in any English
I dictionary.
Indeed, to make our meaning more j
clear, it is just asking for the rights
aud privileges enjoyed by any individual
State in the United States. A thing, we!
think, very easily understood, and yet
England, through her orators and
statesic.ec,. affects to be ignorant of what
Home Rule means, aud keeps piling up
the fuel that feeds the furnace of hatred
! that exists in the minds of the ignorant
! portion at the English population to- j
: ward Irishmen, by declaring that it is i
I oaly a concerted effort to gain the same
: end that Fenianism and other societies
I openly aimed to accomplish. To gain j
this end—that is to say. Home Rale—le
! gaily, au organization has been started
in Ireland, calling upon the people when
chosing their representatives to seleot
only those who pledged themselves,
Iby their speeches in Parliament
, and their vote at the ballot, to
I Home Rule, hoping that when the
- question has been fairly debated,
j with the majority of Irish members and
i what others they can wist over to their
side from the more generous a©d in
telligent of the English members of,
Parlimeut, that they will accomplish
in a peaceable and legal manner the
same thing substantially that Ireland has
been for 700 years trying to gain by the
sword, and for which so much blood has
been spilled—to gain that for which
O’Connell struggled so hard and for
which Exxktt so heroically died.
AMERICAN HARDWARE.
The Philadelphia North American
•ays the English trade statistics con
tinue to show a steady decline in the
shipments of hardware to the United
States. Formerly there was no branch
of the foreign import trade here so
strong or reliable as that in hardware,
and all our stores in that line were filled
with foreign products. But gradually
American ingenuity obtained command
of one thing after another, either by la
bor-saving machinery or superiority of
make, until at length the hardware trade
of the Republic has become mainly
American. Nor is this all. For we learn
from an English trade report that
American hardware is generally pre
ferred in Australia on account of the
superiority of its materials or construc
tion, and that those who once employ it
iu that country will never have any oth
er. The real explanation to this is that
in hardware, as in textile fabrics, the
English manufacturers have sacrificed
everything for cheapness. They can
boat the world for deception, in giving
a fine appearance to an inferior article.
But in metal working that sort of thing
will not answer, and hence when the
English hardware manufacturers once
lose their market in a place they lose it
finally. The American article proves its
superiority, aud that cannot be disputed
or overthrown. ,
A NEW INVENTION IN PAPER
MAKING.
Though the manufacture of paper in
this country is among the most import
ant of our industries, until recently there
have been but very few improvements in
the complicated machinery used.’ Costly
furnaces, fixtures and chemicals have
been required to prepare the wood and
straw for the pulping engines, and with
the greatest care possible, the material
was often found unevenly cooked, both
causing waste and turning out unsatis
factory product. A now process lias
been introduced, which promises to
overcome all these disadvantages. It
fills the wood and straw in the digestors
very rabidly, and produces a free circu
lation of the alkoline liquid. A uniform
temperature, necessary for digesting the
wood and straw, is obtained iu an hour
and a half, which in itself is said to be
the great improvement. The importance
of these improvements arc obvious, as
the trade is a growing one. In IS7O
there were in the country 669 establish
ments, using 53,210 horse power (11,574
steam and 41,644 water), employing 10,-
009 hands, with a capital of §35,365,014,
paying §7,148,513 as wages, employing
§30,029,063 worth of materials, and
turning out a product valued at §48,-
676,936. These figures include the va
rious kinds of paper made, but printing
paper is represented by over one-third
this immense aggregate.
MINOR TOPICS.
A recent estimate) places the debt of Hpai.i at
$2,000,000,000, which is an increase in threo
years of nearly $1,000,000,000. The hulk of
the new loan is probably floating debt, borrow
ed from hand to mouth, at Madrid. Spanish
six per cents, are quoted at 02 in London, mid
tho probability is that Spain wilffollow the ex
ample of Turkey in partial repudiation. Peace
and wise administration, which might enable
Spain to pay her debts, seem stilt remote.
Quite a lively sensation was proJucod on Sat
urday afternotm, at the Tivoli Theatre, iu New
York. It appears that a little child was per
forming on the trapeze, when officers of the
'•Society for tho Prevention of Cruelty to
Children" made a raid upon tho stage and ar
rested the little acrobat, who is about six years
old. At the time of the raid he was in the aot
of walking a tight rope, with a balancing pole.
The performer and his father were taken into
custody, placed in a carriage and driven to the
residence of a Justice.
A New York letter says : -‘The newest politi
cal sensation lit the City Hall is to the effect
that Governor Tildes and Mayor Wickham
have formed a ooalition against Tammany Hall,
and that the first practical manifestation of tho
fact will be tho removal from office of Police
Commissioners Disbf.ckkh and Voorheeh, in
order to fill their places with moil over whom
the Wigwam can havo no control. There are
many circumstances, in the existing condition
of things, to make such a coalition a clever
stroke of reform policy now that Tammany lias
been ignominionslv votod down at the ballot
box. Still it is well to await the development
of events before accepting rumors for facts.”
There is strong evidence iu the utterances
of the press of Texas of a gradual tendency
in that State .toward a belief iu tho value of
hurnau life. The Waco Examiner of a recent
date speaks in terms of severest criticism of
the murders which have become so frequent
throughout the State, and closes with a stir
ring appeal to it® readers and cotemporaries to
“ make Toxas too hot to hold a man who wan
tonly takes the life of a follow man.” With
this spirit abroad we shall undoubtedly hear
before many years that a law has been jjassed
in Toxas making murder a crimiual offense.
In England the annual item of damages for
injuries to passengers and freight is a serious
one in a railroad’s expenses. The sttm award
ed by English Courts for personal injuries on
railroads during the yoar ending with June
last amounted to $1,693,000, and for loss aud
damage to goods in transit, $1,310,000, a total
of more than $3,000, 00#J being nearly one-half
the average dividend. The largest sums paid
on both bqniridec&tions were by the London
and Nortbpreeteru, $7110,340. The Great East
ern paid pearly #200,000 for personal injuries.
We presume Ah*l ile, voluntary awards made
by the road*.’ would Considerably swell these
figures. Courts hi England seem to be stern
where accidents have boon caused by the fanlt
fxl t|ie companies.
A reunion of th* survivors ctf the famous
oharge of the English light brigade at Baiak
lava. In Crimea, in 1354. was held ip I/oiidon
on October 2s, the anniversary of the battle.
All who were engaged in the demonstration
aud the general public were astonished at the
number of tfie participants in the charge who
are still hying. No less than oue hundred and
eighty accredited were present at the celebra
tion. and considering that ip the natural course
of eveuis a number of the Bothers havo died
during the twenty-one years that havo elapsed
since the battle occurred, the attack must have
been decidedly less desperate andTatal than
some of the iuoteqtcnts iu our late riwil war.
Pickett’s charge at tjte battle of Gettysburg,
for instanoe, probably caused the loss of a
greater portion of his division than the pro
portional* loss of the six hundred at Balak
lava.
Paris is stirred with anew sensation. There
are in that city great numbers of titled per
sons, many of whom derive their claims to no
bility from grants made by the Pope of Home.
Keacptly hie Holinoss issued a patent of no
bility to a wealthy Parisian, and the French
Government refuses to allow tho recipient to
assume the title conferred. o to recognize it
in any way. Th* ground of the refusal is that
the P. pe is no kiuger a temporal sovereign,
and hence has no right to create a nobility.—
This, of course, invalidates all titles granted
by die Holy Father for several years past, and
th* consteruatiotr of persons so favored is very
great. It is an anomaly fer a republic to
acknowledge the validity of title®, carrying
with them grades of rank other than official,
bnt France is an exception to general rules in
varioaa respects Her nobility enjoy no hered
itary legislative privileges, as do those of Eng
land, and their distinction is wholly social.
This being the case, we don't see why a title
conferred by the Pope, or for that matter by
anybody else, need give the Government any
uneasiueee. _
A recent German writer says that a lmudle
of muscle-fibers is a kind of machine, con
sisting of albuminous material just as a steam
engine is made of steel, iron, brass, etc., and.
as in the steam engine, coal is burned in order
to produce fore*, so in the muscular machine,
fats, or hydrocirtone. are burned for the same
purpoee. and just as the constructive material
of the engine—irou. etc.—is worn away and ;
oxidized, the constructive material of the
muscle is worn away, and this wearing away is
the source of the uitrogenious constituents of
the urine. This theory, it is asserted, explains
why. during muscular exertion, the excretion
of urea is litfle or not at all increased, while
that of carbonic acid is enormously augmented;
for iu a steam engine moderately fired and
ready for use, the oxidation of iron, etc ,
would go on quite equably, end would not be
much increased by the moss rapid firing neces
sary for working, bnt much more soal weald !
be burned when it than when it was ,
standing idle This is. in substance, an old
theory ingeniously improved upon.
Why is the letter O *o frequently used
l in -writing ? Because it’s always ’round
when wanted.
JYDEE KELLEY.
[Special Correspondence Chronicle mi l Sentinel.]
Radical Bag- Money Pig Iron Kelley.
Atlanta, November 10.—Some days
ago I sent yon an account of Radical
Bag Money Reconstruction Pig Iron
Kelley’s vi 4t to the eity in the year
1867, or thereabouts, in whieh I men
tioned that he had stated, in response
to an invitation of several gentlemen to
visit them socially, that he had uni
formly declined all invitations during
his visit to the South, except the invita
tion of some quadroons—negroes—in
New Orleans, whose hospitality ha h#d
accepted with pleasure and gratification.
( htionid R A Alston, of this city, who
seems over anxious to trump up some
charge against me, and’who seems to be
an admirer of Reconstruction Quad
roon Loving Kelley; clipped ont a part of
the letter, a garbled extract, and sent it
to Kelley, making it appear that the oc
casion referred to was ia October last.
To this the disciple of Reconstruc
tion replied, denying the truth of my
statements, and saying he had not been
to New Orleans daring his visit to the
South.
Something About Quadroon Loving
Kelley.
When negro-admiring Kelley wrote that
very polished, elegant and refined (?)
note to Alston, possibly he may have
forgotten his first masterly raid into
Georgia in 1867 in company with a paitv
of other Radical politicians to organize
the negroes in the interest of the Radi
cal party against the honest white peo
ple of the South. I now reaffirm what
I have before stated, that after he de
livered a harangue iu this place in 1867
he was invited by a prominent citizen to
call on him, aud that he replied that he
hail made only one social visit during
his tour South, aud that was to call on a
colored lady aud gentleman iu New Or
leauaanddiue with them, aud proceeded
speak to in complimentary terms of their
manners, and to decline the invitation of
the Atlanta gentleman. His reply to the
invitation was heard by four prominent
gentlemen in this city, three of them
geatiaaxeu. of immense .wealth mid jp
markable business success, who related
the inoident for years afterwards until
it has become quite generally known,
and if Pig Iron Kelly contradicts it he
can be confronted by these very gentle
men, who will bear testimony to the cor
rectness of the statement.
The Truth Hurts.
The truth of the matter is, this expo
sure of ’Kelley’s past record is galling to
the very refined quadroon lover. Eight
years ago, when the white people were
helpless, he came South to complete
their degradation by inciting tho negroes
to oppose and oppress them by voting
tho Radical ticket. The white people
were weak and he snubbed them, boldly
| proclaiming his association with negro
quadroons. Bnt eight years have past,
and the white pooplo of Georgia have
regained their power and influence, and
he is willing to bestow upon them
politicalattentiou and tender them the
greatest consideration, in order to ob
tain their influence to further his
schemes. As to whether your corres
pondent or Quadroon-loving Kelley is a
liar, after the foregoing explanation, I
am quite willing to submit tho question
to the public. As to whether R. A. Al
ston thinks the extract “false in spirit”
or not, lam perfectly indifferent, as he
is not my monitor, pastor, guardian,
god-mother or graudinammu.
Minor Matters,
It is stated this afternoon that a young
man of this city, of high social standing
and of considerable wealth, lias been ar
rested and imprisoned on a charge of
mutilating the county records, having,
it is reported, abstracted from the Court
records a mortgage in which lie was in
terested. Another report states that he
had forged the names of certain leading
attorneys to important papers. I with
hold his name until a judicial investiga
tion is had A gentleman of consider
able wealth, who lias been in this city
from the far West endeavoring to induce
emigration for several mouths past, has
declared bis intention to remove and
locate in Atlanta. Georgia is the great
est place after all, and Atlanta the dom
ing city. He left Georgia thirty-five
years ago for the West, where lie accu
mulated a fortune. . . . f learn from what
I consider good authority that Hon.
John H. James is developing astonish
ing strength for the Governorship, and
that if he continues to accumulate
strength he will outstrip several of the
prominent and avowed candidates for
the Chief Executive position.
•Halifax.
THE COURSE OF COTTON.
Weekly Review of the New York Mar
ket.
[New York Bulletin. \
The general market has been dull,
even to stupidity at times, and afforded
a decided contrast to the condition of
affairs prevailing during the preceding
week or two. This, however, was to be
expected after the unusually severe
“twist” of the October “corner,” aud
matters have been gradually adjusting
themselves into more legitimate shape.
On futures there has been some shrink
age, bnt spots show tho most decided
decline on quotations, though the de
cline in actual value is considered mere
ly a nominal oue, as Yates were simply
forced np at tho close of last month to
aid in carrying out the speculative ma
nipulations, while it was a well known
fact that buyers who xvotild positively
take cotton ont of tho market, could, at
all times, find accommodation materially
below the so-called ruling rates. No
positive plan of operations has been de
veloped for the future, neither the
“bulls” or “bears" having as yet snffi
oievtly recovered from the late tussol to
venture upon freo movements, but ru
mor has it that plans laid some time
ago are being quietly matured, which
will culminate in au attempt at least to
handle this month’s contracts in a man
ner similar to those on October. The
prospects for success on such a move
ment are as yet very doubtful. The
effect of the recent full rates is already
to be seen in the free arrivals at the
ports and the steady accumulation of
stocks, while the severe ordeal through
which they have just passed induced the
“bears” to act with gYeat care, and pre
sents much of an extension of the
“short” interest. The sentiment of the
regular “trade” also is most decidedly
against further “corners” as tending to
prostrate legitimate business, and hurt
this eity as a centre for distribution. In
deed, it ;s claimed that many of the
leading buyers era already seeking sup
plies elsewhere, and we are tqld by one
firm that they alone can clearly tiace a
loss in commissions of very considerable
magnitude to the baneful influence of
the October “corner.” Customers have
flatly refused to operate on a market
where it is utterly impossible to decide
upon any fixed value for bona fide ‘goods.
- Very few orders of magnitude have
been received on the market for futures
during the week, and the 1 current busi
ness was light, at times almost at a
stand, and only kept alive by the small
operations of brokers. Values have
made light fractional fluctuations, with
the average range a little lower, but no
serious break. Iu yieif of tho full sup
plies in sight, the steady arrivals and
the absence of any important demand,
the inclination in many quarters has
been to sell, thongh no one nas had the
bravery to do so freely. The fear is,
that the “bulls.” are working their
cards to induce liberal Additions to the
‘‘short” interests for a week or so, aud
then again put on the screws. The
general influences, both foreign and do
mestic' have shown nothing peculiarly
stimulating; and, taken altogether, the
position, iu appearance, at least, Was
weak. On “spots” the business during
the earlier portion of the period under
review was quite limited and confined
almost exclusively to small parcels pick
ed pp bv spiuners to meet sonre urgent
necessity. Exporters finding “short no
notices” cheaper tkap sample lots, neg
lected the latter until they ooijid buy at
13-Lc, and then took enough to fill a few
orders awaiting this limit. The regular
monthly count of stock made an aggre
gate of nearly 70,0(X) bales, of which,
however, seme 38,700 were on shipboard
awaiting clearance, and thus verifying
the statement of last week that shippers
had received largely ou contract. This
fact and not very encouraging advices
from abroad have undoubtedly contrib
uted toward cheeking much fresh de
mand on foreign account. The avail
able stoek here has increased and in
nearly ail cases was freely offered at de
clining prices, the falling off on quota
tions from the close on October 30 to
present writing amounting to 1 l-16c per
lb. The amounts available to arrive,
too, have been liberal without many
buyers, and stock at the Southern ports
was offered very cheap at times. As
sortments few and there is less difficulty
experienced in making selections than a
week or so agd.
STABBING AT V ARNEBVILLE. 8. C
[Speeiai Ihspateh to th* Ckronide and Sentiml.]
Vabxesvtllk, S. C., November 12.-
At the close of a Masonic meeting in
Varnesvilie yesterday, A. J. Gill stabbed
and dangerously wounded Mr. C. D.
May. From what I can learn, it fppears
that they had had some disagreement
during the day, and that when at the j
breaking up cijf the meeting May, who 1
was unarmtd, stepped up to GiU, offer
ing to settle the matter by a fair fight, j
the latter responded by stabbing him.
several times in the Biae. They were •
promptly separated. Little hope is en
tertained of the wounded man's recov
ery. Both are Masons. Gill is still at
large. N. E. G., Operator.
BEXATOR BAYAKI).
AN OPEN LETTER ON THE CUR
RENCY QUESTION.
The Old Democratic Doctrine of Hard
Money'—A Splendid Enunciation of
Principles—A Tribute to the SonUt
ern People—A discussion of the Old
Banking System, etc . etc.
\Yu.iii*GTO*, Del, Nov. 6, 1875.
To the Editor of (he Atlafita Herald :
Mr Dear Sik— lt would have saved
me some hours in a time of business
jyessure if I could have had the aid of
a stenographer at Macon to rejiprt the
speech I there dikde to tho' peopleof
Georgia But as noroport of
was made, I cannot Tail, m view of the
grave importance of the subject, to
comply with your request for “an open
.letter,” in relation to .the question of
national finance aud currency, which so
interests and agitates the public mind
at this time. 1 shall speak as plainly as
I can, and must be fofgiven if I reassert
truisms, which seem however to be
overlooked by many who discuss the
Bubject now-a-days. - ‘
Whatever is by law oalled “money”—
the legalized currency of the country—
is the basis of all public and private
contracts, and therefore of credit—being
made by law the equivalent for all things
purchasable. If this "money” contains
in itself no intrinsic value, it cannot be
used as a standard by which to measure
the valuo of other, commodities, and
thus at once fails in the highest attri
bute of money, because instability is its
inherent and necessary feature; insta
bility is uncertainty* .and uncertainty is
the fruitful parent of fraud and wrong.
Thus, if with such “money” w? buy
land, or houses, or horses, or bread,
and obtain credit for such purchases—
the currency having no fixed value—
fluctuates from day to day—so that no
buyer can kuow how much "he will have
tn pay when his debts fail due, nor can
the seller know what value heis.to re
ceive; aud thus all. ordinary business
operations become speculative and gam
bling transactions,* With a basis so
changeable, all lotjfcof money are nn
mi 1
to that with which he parted, aud will,
therefore, hesitate to make the loan un
less upon a profit equivalent to his sup
posed risk, aud this undue profit is al
ways paid by the borrower. If the
lender was made to feel confident that
the currency he loaned would not be re
turned to liim depreciated iu value, he
would gladly put it to use and on mod
erate terms.
It is the absence of such confidence
that produces “contraction,” and gives
rise to the complaints we often hear of
“want of money,” and which causes the
paralysis we witness in every branch of
trade and business. The threat of “in
flation”—that is, of increasing the
volume of irredeemable paper notes of
the (government, and thereby necessari
ly decreasing the value in a greater ratio
—produces “contraction” iu the amount
of lonns, because it lessens the influence
which induces men, liaviug money, to
lend it. Thus the inflationists have
been all along, and are ftow, the real
foes of those who wish to borrow money,
on reasonable terms, in order to employ
men who labor for their daily bread.—
We witness in the cities a plethora of
curreucy, which the owners long to in
vest—to lend upon interest—lint which
the insecurity produced by the threat of
inflation deters. To-day money eau be
borrowed in millions in New York at. the
rato of 3 per cent, per annum “on call”
and secured by abundant collateral; but.
it will not be lent on time, or permanent
ly invested, until the owners are assured
it will be faithfully repaid undepreciated
in value. That condition secured, and
the loan is easy.
Tn other days it was tho rigid and
faithful performance of their contracts
which gave to the banks of Charleston,
South Carolina, Mobile, New Orleans,
Savannah, and other cities of tho South,
their enviable fame aud credit through s
out the Union. Some of these institu
tions never failed to redeem their notes
on demand in gold and silver coin, eveu
in the midst of general temporary sus
pensions of specie payment— so rooted
were they in stubborn, old-fashioned
integrity. This was not only expedient,
bnt it was right. It made loans easy to
be obtained, because they were to be
faithfully returned; and the rate of in
terest was low, because the risk of lend
ing was small. And wo must not for
get that as factors in all these transac
tions personal integrity and good faith
were ever present—which were the con
ditions of high mercantile standing in
the cities I have named.
Nowhere in the wide world of com
merce was strict bnsiness integrity more
rigidly insisted upon aud more honored
than in tho cities of Charleston, Savan
nah, Mobile and New Orleans, when the
real man of the South had control of af
fairs, and before the days of carpet
bagging and military interference.
The time has again come when the
true men of the South should, as I be
lieve they can and will, restore tho old
regime of high personal character, and
at once speak, plainly and sensibly as of
yore, in favor of such a policy of admin
istration as shall lead to the substitution
of a souud currency, convertible at the
will of the holder into gold or silver
coin. Such apolioy announced by them
will instantly girit. confidence to those
who own capital, or who control capital
and we should witness the quick reward
of such proofs of wisdom aud sound
policy in the abundant supply of money
upon mortgage and other security, and
the States of the South would become
the theatre of the investment of capital,
which now lies idle in the money centre
for want of confidence alone. Recent
legislation in the West, in Wisconsin,
and other States, and the late declara
tions in Ohio, have alarmed capital and
will prevent its flow into theso quarters,
where it has heretofore gone so freely,
and will induce its reGall whenever prac
ticable until the citizens of those States
shall take steps to re assure their credi
tors of their intent to give due protec
tion by law to all investments. There
fore it is that I see iu the present condi
tion of affairs and of pnblio sentimeut
the great opportunity for the restoration
of the laws of sound finance, by return
to the limitations of the Federal Consti
tution upon the powers of Congress in
relation to this most important subject.
Ever since 1862 there hq.s existed a com
bination between the Federal Adminis
tration aud the money power of the
country, unwholesome for both parties
and unsafe for the country at large. It
has its basis iu the system of Na
tional Banks organized under act of
Congress, and largely controlled by the
Treasury Department, and subject to
the will"of a Congressional majority, a
copditjon of things never warranted by
the letter and spirit of the Constitution,
or the federal nature or our system of.
government. Under it the banking busi
ness of the entire country has been re
stricted to one special kind of capital;
i. e., the bonds of the United states
Government, and the employment of all
other descriptions of capital as a basis
for banking has been rigidly excluded
from competition. Credit has been re
stricted to the single form of National
Bank notes, and this has been unlaw
fully and unwisely taken from the States
and the people, where it admittedly be
longed under the usage of our Govern
ment from its foundation, and deposited
under the sole and despotic control of
Congress, Tips was all accomplished
by the passage of an act of Congress,
which, under the pretext of taxing the
State Banking Institutions for the pur
pose of revenue, crushed their circula
tion out of existence. So long as this
lasts, and Congress is invested with the
power and soje discretion to determine
and control the volume of cnrrency—the
extent of emissions of paper currency
for all the States and people—just so
long uncertainty and dissatisfaction will
prevail, and the sound and true princi
ples of banking and credit will be disre
garded.
The ebb and flow of party power j
changes Congressional majorities from j
year to year, and I can imagine no body ;
of men" so unfit to exercise so great a
power and peculiar discretion as the
accidental majority of Congress. Such
a power has never been exercised in
Great Britain. Even there under their
imperial system, and all the political
omnipotence of Parliament, such folly
as confining the banking business of
the country to a single species of capi-.
tal, or preventing any banker or bank- j
ing association from using his or their
credit by the emission of notes in any ;
form they saw fit, has never been at- j
tempted or suggested. Therefore we j
see the numerous banks of Scotland, ;
and Ireland, and England, “eonntry
banks” they are called, pursuing a safe,
useful and profitable business, supply
ing currency notes to their customers,
and regulatingthe volume of such issues ;
under such limitations as self-preserva- i
tiou, and the laws compelling redemp
tion of their notes on demand in gold
and silver coin, make it necessary. The
notes of the Scotch and Irish banks
float side by side with the notes of the
Bank of England and the coined money
of the realm, in all avennes of business.
They are not and never were a legal
tender, Lui: cpi;vertible at will into coin,
they became practically equivalent.
The combination between the money- j
ed power of the country and Congress J
gives to the former a degree of influence j
over legislation which is inconsistent j
■with ti. 6 cqblip interest and hostile to j
popular freedom, and fhe same time j
capital is subjected to the ignorant or j
capricious control of Congressional leg- ;
islation, rendering its operations inse- j
cure and unstable. Is it not manifest.
that there is now a favorable opportu- j
nity for the tiouthern States to assist in ;
aiding the country to return to systems j
of sound finance and currency under I
the limitations imposed by the Federal
Constitution over the power of Congress
over this important subject.
The cry of Kelley, Butler, Wendell
Phillips, and (aiß3 !) here and there a
Democrat, is against “money rings,”
“bloated Bondholders,” ■‘coupon clip
pers,” etc., etc., and passing by for a
moment the infamous nature of 9unh
appeals, such outrages upon the “law
of the land,” which is for the rich as
well as the poor, does not avmoment’s
reflection make it manifest that all the
prolitsof fluctuation inonr paper money
of credit—those changes in its value
which are going on day by day andhppj;
by tifiqiy afij at the oost of the labor
er and consumer, and benefit, the very
classes against whom Kelley A 00; seek
to excite popular and ignorant prejudice.
The moneyed class have it always in
their power—by the purohase pr sale of
gold—to raise or lower the Value of the
paper dollar; and when Kelley and
Btler insist upon ooutumadco of the
system of irredeemable paper money,
they flay directly intotSe hands of the
very classes' they affect to assail, and
perpetuate in their hands a control oyer
the ourrenoy dangerous to the welfare
of thp laboring and producing classes.
It is the mail whose daily toil supplies
that day’s needs, the man whoso reli
ance is upon steady industry, to'whom
the fluctuation in the value of the cur
ceucy in whioh he is paid, are go full of
distress and loss.' That whioh depletes
liim fills the pockets of the speculative
class. How wise and eloquent 1 hro the
words of Webstar: “Of ail contri
vances fyr cheating the laboring classes
of mankind, none has been more effec
tual-thirti that Which delndes’them with
paper inoney. ” This is -the most effect
ual of. inventions ito fertilize the rich
man’s hold with the.sweat of the poor
man’s brow. Ordinary tyranny, oppres
sion,’ excessive taxation—these bear
lightly on the most of the community,
•compared with the robberies- committed
by a depreciated paper money,
I the welfare of all our people is
bound up in a proper settlement of this.
CTeat question, and especially the
Southern people; to wh6m relief from
the present unfriendly administration at.
is continually grow
ing upon them, and
the very existence of States, is imme
diately atad vitally important. Finance
has its laws,, and the business of the
commercial world moulds these laws,
and the nation that; refuses to conform
to them must suffer just in proportion
to the extent of such refusal. The cur
rency of a oountry is the basis of its
business, and if it consists of a money
without intrinsic vajue—a money based
upon credit only—and inconvertible
and irredeemable fit any time, it. will
have no value whatever outside the
jurisdiction of the Government by
whom it is issued, and is totally use
less to the market of the world. There
fore, being inferior in value to tho
money of the world, it will always de
preciate, and being depreciated it will
drive out of circulation all other cur
rency of superior value, for the ob
vious reason that no one will givo in ex
change a thing of greater value if lie
can obtain that which ho needs for
something of less value, and thus the
currency of superior value will disap
pear and find its way into places where
it cati be used as money and without
loss. The law of supply and demand
will control, and gold, like Water, find
its level. To invest a paper currency
with the attrinute of being a legal
tender for all debts is but to increase
and intensify its powers for mischief,
and does not, and never did in all his
tory, permanently prevent its deprecia
tion. Tho power of legal tender annex
ed to tho note only assists, the more
hopelessly, to unsettle values: and
demoralize nil dealings between
man and map. If our people
will but read the history of this
subject—in all countries—reflect upon
it, and examine it by the light of
experience, I feel confident, they will
willingly accept the councils of Wash
ington, Jefferson, Hamilton, Madison,
Jackson, Webster and Calhoun, and re
ject the modern lights afforded by Kel
ley and Butler ami Wendell Phillips. A
restoration of confidence will “inflate,”
in a wholesome way, because it will en
courage timid capital to come out of its
hiding places, and embark in enterprises
which will give employment to laborand
increase production. Should such out
lays become excessive and degenerate
into speculative schemes they will grow
and burst; then “panics” wilt come, and
tln-n Vcontraction” follows the with
drawal of capital. Every era of reckless
speculation is followed by a, season of
timorous distrust—such as now exists.
Witness the wild embarkation of capital
upon vast and premature enterprises,
such as the Northern Pacific Railroad,
in the construction of which tens of mil
lions of dollars wero buried, for this
generation at least. The victims of this
speculation are to be numbered by
thousands, nd l have now before mo a
glowing oration, by tho Hon. W. D.
Kelley, M. .0., delivered in Philadelphia
in June, 1871, inviting everybody to put
their money into this “magnifioent un
dertaking.” His promises and pictures
of profit and prosperity were as abund
ant and confident as those with which
lie now seeks to allure the people of the
United States into his patent “green
back bonding scheme.” And the misery
his oratory assisted them to produce
would be terribly repente l should he
again succeed in misleading his country
men.,
The wreck of railroad property which
we see all over the land makes capital
necessary to set them again in operation,
and capital in Europe, and in this coun
try only awaits the signal of confidence.
Whenever we make it safe, to invest,
the money will quickly seek investment.
But the main source of confidence in a
man or in a people is not so much in
their, means of payment as in the. honest
will to pay. Herein is my reliance
upon tho ultimate prosperity of the
country. The impulsive people of the
Southern Strtes may have crude ideas
of finance—may be befogged by soph
isms, and misled by hazy theories in re
gard to “the dismal science,” but I
rely upon their sense of good faith and
duty of standing by their plighted
word. My trust is in these homebred
native qualities/ and when at the close
of the late dreadful struggle they re
entered the Uniou and became its
citizens in name, they did so under the
honorable pledge of fidelity to the
Government. Believing this, and trust
ing them because I love them with a
love “that casteth out fear,” I would,
from the day of their re-entry into citizen
ship of the Union, have delegated to
them their lull share of political power,
coupling with it a moral responsibility
for the public welfare. For if the men
of the South lack honor and truth
whore shall we look for them? If they
lack truth aufl bonoy, may Ileayen have
mercy upon them and us! For we have
compelled them to a uuiou that must
prove fatal.
No, my friend ; in those years of mis
guided “ reconstruction*” I have stead
ily vouched for the good faith of the
people of the South, and asked only that
they should be permitted to get upon
their feet, to resume their place in the
Union—to speak freely with tlieir own
voice, and through their own represen
tatives. And every pledge I made for
them they have kept, and every promise
I made has been fulfilled jnst in pro
portion to the relaxation of the grasp of
military power from their throats and
the withdrawal of inimical interference
with their local affairs. Wherever they
have been allowed to rehabilitate their
States and save themselves from negro
domination, from Virginia to Texas,
they have justified the expectations of
, their friends aud overwhelmed with con
fnsion the prophecies of their foes.
Public opinion in the North lias at last
recognized this truth and compelled
Williams to depart from the Department i
of Justice (?) branded as a malicious |
slanderer, and taught even Morton that j
his “bloody shirt” may prove to him a j
shirt of Nessns.
And now J. appeal to every man among
you—and to none so confidently and di
rectly as to those who risked their lives
in battle for the independence of the
Southern States from this Government
—crown your pledge of citizenship with
anew proof of fealty—put under foot
the dangerous methods of assault upon
the credit and prosperity of our common
country which are coutained, intention
ally or ignorantly, but always certainly,
in measures which involve a violation of
the recognized laws of finance which the
commercial world adopts for its govern
ment. Eschew the plans and schemes
of Kelley, Butler and Phillips, and stand
by and insist upon a restoration of the
standard of value in our dealings as the
basis of our eurrency, State or Federal,
public or private, according to the pow
ers delegated to Congress under the
Constitution of our fathers. I do not
say a day can at once be fixed, upon
which the Csited States Treasury can
announce its ability to pay all outstand
ing demand notes in coin—but a system
can be inaugurated looking directly to
that result which will make resumption
an early possibility.
. A man cannot 1 be sure he will he in
health on a given day next year, hut he
can live according to the laws of health
and the result will naturally follow. Let
us have good will and mutnal kindness
restored between the sections— ungener
ous suspicions banished, and trust in
each other .restored among owe country
men. An administration at Washington
friendly to the South as well as to the
other sections of the country, a sound
economy in raising and expending pub
lic revenue. IJouesty, old fashioned
and precise in administration, and a de
clared polity of restoring a specie basis
for the money of our people, and we
may then look for a tide to set in, bear
ing confidence upon its bosom—“con
traction” will become “expansion,” and
prosperity will smile again upon us and
onr children’s children in a union of co
equal States.
Sincerely your friend,
T. F. BayaSd.
TUB XLIVt’U CONGRESS.
Preparations for Its Meeting—TlinOffi
cero of the House.
The Forty-Fourth Congress.
Washington, November 6.— The Sen
ate and House halls and the adjacent
offices are being placed in complete or
der for tne coming Congress, which
. meets some four weeks Unufennw, Mon
day, November tl. The President’s,
Vice-President’s and* Speaker’s rooms
are receiving unusual adornment, that
they may be not onrly attractive to the
officials who occupy thorn but to the
thousands who are expected to visit
them trie corning season. Tjie.House
hall is receiving 4 nfcw'eai'pet of Ameri
can manufacture, which is quite iu keep-'
iug with the-'cheap aud fragilbhdesks
wlrich were imposed upon the members
of the Forty-third Cougroqs. The in
terest in the new Congress, of course,
centres in' tho organization of tile House
of Representatives. , The Senate, as a
co-ordinate hi'auelrpf the Executive,De
partment of tue Government, is a per
petual body, and therefore always or
ganized. The ohe-third Of new Senators
wlrgr are elected every other year took
their seats at extra session convened
dust March lor rtxeotitiye business, and
the vacancy Sjriee* caused by tho death of
Senator Andrew tfOtmthii has heett fllfed
by- Judge Key; of- Tennessee. When
his credentials are presented and he
thkes thq oath, thp ganate wiljt, ;be full
with the exception of the long pending
and interminable Lohislana vacancy.
Politically, the Senate foT the Forty
.foqxth Congress will consistol'
licans, 48; Democrats, 28 •* Independ
ents, 2. Senator Booth, of California,
will probably act with tho Democrats,
whioh will give! them 29 and leave the
Republicans a majority of 13.
The Democratic House.
. -JL. will be eighteen years the 7tli of
December since Speaker
has been elected by the House of Repre
sentatives. Iu that interval the Repub
lican party has controlled too House for
nine consecutive Congresses. At the
beginning of tho Thirty-fifth Congress
James L. Orr, of South Carolina (who
lately died, us Minister to Russia), was
elected as a Democratic Speaker and
served from December 7, 1857, to March
4, 1859. He was succeeded by William
Pennington, of New Jersey, who was
elected Speaker, as a compromise Re
publican; after a protracted balloting,
and exciting contest of nearly eight
weeks, ou February 1, 1860. Then came
the Thirty-seventh or /war Congress of
1861, which met ou the sth of July, and
elected Galushii A. Grow, of Pennsyl
vania. Schuyler Colfax, of Indiana,
succeeded him for the Thirty-eighth,
Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Congresses,
and James G. Blaine, of Maine, in turn
succeeded Mr. Colfax for the Forty-first,
Forty-second and Forty-third Con
gresses.' Mr. Blaine, therefore, has the
honor of giving way for a Democratic
Speaker. The next Ilonso is over
whelmingly Democratic. Of the 292
mem tiers, the Democrats have 178, the
Republicans 108, the Independents 6.
This largo majority affects the specula
tions, now very remotely', if ever, in
dulged, of combinations for the elec
tion of any officers of the House but
those of straight out Democrats; and
this brings onp directly to the daily in
quiry,
Why Will bo Speaker?
The candidates who have thus far been
spoken of are for tho most part so well
known in their party and to the country
that naught but. the mention of their
names need be- made here. Messrs.
Kerr, of Indiana; Randall, of Pennsyl
vania; Cox aud Wood, of New York;
Sayler, of Ohio; Holman, ol’ Indiana,
aud Lamar, of Mississippi, were mem
bers of preceding Congresses. General
Payne, of Ohio, and Gilbert C. Walker,
of Virginia, are new members. What tho
newspapers have represented to lie a
very active canvass was made early in
favor of Mr. Randall, but this appears
to hake, been- so persistent? jiiSppSd direc
tions as to have produced already a re
actionary effect, ami that, gentleman is
now merely among the entries in the
race. Sqme of air. Randall’s. ..votes,
coupled with the support h.e is rycoiviyig
from Republican politicians (who are
naturally attracted to him tin are his co
workers in tho Democratic party by his
popular personal qualities), are not cal
culated to strengthen his prospects as
the day of election approaches. The
strength of-'aSI- the candidates, however,
is rapidly developing strength through
out the party and tire country, and by
the first week in December .figures alffije
may be brought into requisition for the
first time to sho'tv who is ahead. Those
Democratic members who Wave Visited
here express their desire to vote for a
candidate whose record as a Democrat
is free from local mid “entangling al
liances,” and who will reflect the highest
honor and credit ou his party and the
country.
’ The Clerk of (lie House.
Next to tlic Speaker the l-Jerk is the
most important, officer of the House.
This position lias been most creditably
held for fourteen consecutive rears by
Edward McPherson, of Pennsylvania,
who had formerly represented the Get
tysburg District iu Congress. The duties,
of the Clerk as defined by law are im
portant, from the fact that at. the outset
he controls in one at use tho organiza
tion of the House. “Before the first
meeting of each Congress” the law re
quires “tho Cierk of the next preooding
House to make a roll of the Representa
tives elect, aud place thoroon tho names
of those persons, and of such persons
only whose credentials show that they
were regularly elected in accordance with
the laws of their .States respectively and
of the United States.” This extraordi
nary power iu cases of close party divis
ion aud contests of election gives the
Clerk the absolute control of the organi
zation of tho House. He alone decides
the prirna facie, claim of a member to
his seat, and in cases where both parties,
are nearly equal, and whore each con
testing member holds His credentials,
(the Governor of some of the states.hav
ing in contested cases frequently given
both members a certificate 1 of election)
there is no appeal from tho decision of
the Clerk as to who has the right, prirna
facie, to the seat. This law was passed
in 1867, when the Republican party had
so much fear of President Johnson that
they were determined, in an emer
gency, to retain tho organization
of the House. In case of the death
of the Clerk during the reoess,
his duties are devolved upon the
Sergeaufc-at Arms or Doorkeeper of the
preceding House. The salary of the
Clerk is $5,000 per annum, to which may
bo added about §I,OOO in the way of per
quisites. He gives bon'd# for $20,0,00
for his disbursement of the contingent
fund of the Houso. Including clerks
and messengers, the Clerk has some
seventy appointments to make, with
salaries for tho clerks rringing from
§1,200 to §B,OOO per annum. There are
numerous applicants for every position
within the gift of the Clerk, and these,
as in the cases of the other officers, will
possibly be quadrupled ere the meeting
of Congress.
The Candidates for the Clerkship
Of the candidates for Clerk of the
Honse Stevenson Archer, of Maryland,
and George M. Adams, of Kentucky,
are among those who were first named.
Both are ex-members ot Congress. Mr.
Adams has made a very active canvass
among the re-elected members of the
last House and i:vconfident of success.
Richard Vans, of Pennsylvania; Mr. A.
1). Banks, of Mississippi; Mr. Bhocber,
of North Carolina, a member of the
Forty-second Congress; George C. Wed- !
debnrtJ, of Virginia Governor It. W. I
Mitchell, of Ohio; !>. M. Hit Bose, of:
Georgia, a member also of tho Forty
second Congress; T. T. Crittenden, of
Missouri, and Ctiaa. A. Ehlredge, of
Wisconsin, members of the Forty-third
Congress, and others are candidates and
have from their own sections such a de
cided following and strength as to plain
ly show an absence of any concentration
upon any one upon tho first ballot in the
Democratic caucus. It is very evident,
however, if one is to be held," the opin
ion of members and politicians gsnend
ly is that the geographical question
must have much to do with tho selection
of a Clerk. It is probable that the
second office in the Honse will be con
ceded, by common consent of both the
East and the West, to the South, which
advances no claims to the first position.
The bare election of a Speaker may up
set the calculations of at least a dozen
candidatesfor the Clerkship, and though
most of the gentlemen named for the :
Speakership would not enter into any
bargaining between candidates for va
rious offices, there is sure to be some ex
changing of votes between, the lesser
candidates before the caucus meets.
The Sergeant-at-Arms, Doorkeeper
and Postmaster.
The salary of the Sergeaut-at-Arms is
$4,200. It is expressly provided that he
shall receive no fees for services render
ed in summoning witnesses, Ac., as I
formerly, when the income of the office i
reaehedi SB,OOO or SIO,OOO a year. He !
has the appointment of two high-salaried t
clerks and a messenger and the seleo- j
tion of deputies on extraordinary occa- j
sions. He is also required to keep agd
pay the salary accounts of members on
the certificates issued by the Speaker,
and in cbnfhnction with the Sergeant
at-Arms of the Senate has the appoint
ment of the Capitol Police of about forty
i members. Columbus Alexander, of this
oity, is among the candidates for this
office.
The Douf keeper of the House has a
larger p&triuage under his control than
the SergesWt-at-Arms, though hie salary
is but S3JOO a year while held by tfie
present isfcumbent, and $3,000 a year
f6r any tmuvis incumbent. The Door
keeper ap r ,iat Y his assistant at a Balary
of s2,soo*uperiutendents of the docu
ment >nl folding rooms at the same
salary, arm, including the pages, names
about oiffl hundred other employees of
the Horqp There are a half dozen can
didates flntioned for this office, among
whom arKTohn Dailey, of Oakland, Md.;
Col. M.W. Kendig, of Washington; a
Mr. TttJfar,'""o'f Warreuton, Va., and
others. Hirer e are several candidates
from thßouth whose names havpnot
been mentioned as yet.
\ COTTON REPORT.
Monthly Return of the,(Savannah and
Augusta Exchanges.
The Committee on InformnPon'atid
Statistics of the Savannah Cotton Ex-
ChangeSiave submitted.the following re
port fob the moutl) of October. The
twenty bright counties in charge of tlm
Augusfe Cotton Exchange of course can
not foxu any part of the report;
GeersJr— One Hundred aud Ten Re
plitos from FUty-Fonr CouuUea.
Fir# Q.uestierfc-*Wbat has been the
chamber of the weather, since October
Ist, and has it been more or less favora
ble tiffin saihC time lait year for gather
ing the crop? Answer-a-The weather
lias been good, and as favorable as last
gathering the crop.
Second did you have
killing’frost iu your section, and what
damage, if any, has it done to the crop t
Answer—Thera has been no killing frost
except in a few localities, but a slight
damage generally, ou or about October
18th, from a’ light frost.
Third Question—What proportion of
the crop ltas picked, and by what
time do you think picking will be.finish
ed in your county? Auswer-i—About
two-thirds picked Out., Picking will
finish in Georgia from 15th ' November
to middle of Deoember, according to lo
cality.
Fourth Question —How will the yield
in yoilr county compare with last year?
state the probable increase or decrease.
Answer—The reports from different sec
tions vary vary much. The average de
crease for the State will be over ten per
cent, as compared with last year.
Fifth Question —State any material
fact regarding the yield not covered by
the above questions. Answer—Tho
plant is small, but generally was well
fruited. The top crop only, ou low
lands, is represented as coming up to
•expectation. The plant has never re
covered fully from the drouth in July.
Sixth Question -What damage,if any,
do you estimate is done by rust in your
section? Answer —The clay lauds have
generally escaped rust, lint the light
sandy lands are reported as having been
damaged therefrom over ten per cent.
i .Florida 'l’hlrty-seveu Replies from
Fifteen Counties.
Question No. 1. The weather has
been good, aud as favorable as last year.
Quostion No 2—There has been no in
jury from frost.
Question No. 3—Three-fourths of the
crop has been picked. Picking will he
finished from middle to last of the
liionth.
Question No. 4—The yield will be less
than last—probably fifteen per cent.
Question No. s—The dry weather in
July cut the early cotton off, and the
second growth after the rains has been
injured by caterpillar.
Question No. 6—The damage from
rust on light sandy lands is estimated at
ten per cent.
Crop Report of Augusta District,
The following is the report of the Au
gusta Exchange for October;
The Augusta Exchange, (
Augusta, Ga., Nov. 10, 1875. (
To the President and Board of Direc
tors of the, Augusta Exchange:
Gentuemen—We respectfully submit
the following report for the mouth of
October as to tho prospects and condi
tion of tho cotton crop in the district al
lotted to this Exchange. Our report is
based on sixty-one replies from twenty
four counties. Average date of replies,
1 at. instant:
Ist Question —What has been the
Mluracter of tho weather since October
Ist, and has it been more or less favor
able than same time last year for gath
ering the crop ?
Answer—With the exception of some
local rnius in the early part of October,
the weather has been dry and very fa
vorable for picking. The majority of
our replies report the month as more fa
vorable than in 1874.
2d Question —When did you have kill
ing frost in your section, and what
damage, if any, has it done to the crop?
Answor—Killing frosts are reported
on the 16th aud 17th of October. Late
cotton is reported as damaged, though
the injury is stated to have been in con
siderable, the crop having matured
rapidly previous to that date. The
damage is certainly no greater than iu
any average year.
3d Question —What proportion of the
crop has been picked, and by what time
do you think picking will be finished in
your fiouuty ?
Answor—About half of our corres
pondents report two-thirds of tho crop
as picket!, the balance, three-fourths,
and a very few as much as seven-eights.
The general opinion seems to be that
picking will be completed between the
15th and 30th of November.
4th Question—How will the yield iu
your county compare with last year?
ritaAe probable increase or decrease.
Answer—Twelve replies indicate a
yield as large us last year; ten, from
eight to twelve and a half per cent,
leas; sixteen, from twenty to twouty
fire per cent, loss; twenty, range from
thirty to thirty-three per cent, less; and
two, fifty per cent. less. The average
points to a falling off from last year’s
yield of from eighteen to twenty per
cont.
sth Question—State any material
facts regarding the yield not coveted by
the above questions.
Some couuties are making a fuller
crop thiul was expected a month ago.
The damage by frost is very inconsid
erable, probably not over two per cent.,
as it only killed the youngest bolls,
without piercing such as were fairly
groivn, and which it really helped to
open. Besides, there was but little late
cotton in this section subject to damage,
moat of it having suffered severely from
the drouth. There seems to be a gen
eral unanimity of opinion that cotton
does not yield as well as last year, re
quiring more seed cotton to make a
specified amount of lint.
6th Question —What damage, if any,*
do you estimate was done by rust in
your section ?
Answer —The ilamago by rust has been
very unequal in different localities. Our
reports range from “very* little*’ to
“twenty-five per cent, loss.” It is im
possible to give an average. The princi
pal damage was done by the drouth, and
consequent shedding.
Very respectfully, your obedient ser
vants, L. L. Znfavsky, Chairman; J. J.
Pearce, F. W. Reid, R. W. Heard, L. C.
Nowell, A. M. BensOn, Wra. M. Read,
Committee on Statistics and Informa
tion.
Northeast Georgia. —This section of
the' Statp liayiug recently attracted a
great deal of attention, we have
thought tire following statement as to
the elevation, above ocean level, of the
several points of interest would be worth
publication, as well as the reference had
to the depth of the several magnificent
falls :
Feet.
Tim bridge at Athens, above ocean
level, is about 1,000
Onrrahee Mountain 1,920
Ciarkesvilie Court House. 1,928
Clayton, Rabnn county 2,858
Yonah Mountain .2,894
The Bock, inßabuu county 3,478
Tray Mountain 5,018
Tray Mountain is the highest point in
Georgia, and is thought to be the lofti
est of the Blue Bidge. The chasm of
Talnla Falls (properly Talolee), at its
deepest point, is 860 feet perpendicular;
the Chattooga Falls, in Rabun county,
are 80 feet down an inclined plain; Toc
coa Fails are 185 feet perpendicular;
Amiealolah Falls, in Lumpkin county,
are a succession of falls, the highest be
ing 60 feet in a distance of 400 yards.
The whole fall is 400 feet. They are 17
miles west of Hablonega. Talnla, or
Talolee, signifies grand, terrible, mag
nificent ; Tuccoa, or Toccoa, means
beautiful; Amicalolah is a compound of
ami, water, and calolah, running or
rolling.
RBLIGIOUB.
Mission Appropriations.
Nkw Yobk, November 12.—The Board
of Missions of the M. E. Church con
tinned its session to-day, Bishop. Rimp
sbn presiding. Among the appropria
tions made were: Erie, $1,000; Florida,
$3,800; Georgia, §7,500; Louisiana, 88,-
000; Mississippi, 87,000; North Caroli
na, 87,000; Philadelphia, §4,000; Pitts
burg, §1,200; South Carolina, §7,500.
The Board of Missions made the fol
lowing appropriations: Texas Confer
ence, 85,500; Western Texas, 86,000;
Virginia, 87,500; Washington, §3,500;
Western Virginia, 84,5004. Wilmington,
§3,000. A resolution was adopted re
commending the removal of the seat of
General Conference from St. Louis to
Baltimore.
FROM WASHINGTON.
Personal, Official and Financial Items.
Washington, November 12. The
commission of Horace Welch, Postmas
ter at Marshall, Texas, has been signed.
SeVeral Treasury officials are sum
moned to St. Louis to testify in the
whisky fraud trials.
Wilson continues to improve.
Loans and discounts of the National
Banks to the Ist of October amounted
to over nine hundred and eighty mil
lions. They held eight million specie
and seventy-six and a half millions legal
tenders. Among the liabilities are 604,
500,0Q0 to depositors; unpaid dividends,
4,000,000; other undivided profits, 53,-
000,000; the capital stock paid in is
504,750,000.
Hiram Leffingwell is appointed Mar
shall of the Eastern District of Missouri,
which includes St. Louis.
G. Wiley Wells, United States Dis
trict Attorney for Northern Mississippi,
is here to make his- report and resign.
Two agents sent to Mississippi by the
Department of Justice are preparing re
ports.
The change of the United States Mar
shal for Missouri in the present stage of
the whisky prosecutions excites sur
prise.
Melvin D. Peck is appointed chief
clerk of the Patent Office.
The Commissioners of the Land Office
will recommend that all timbered lands
belonging to the Government be ap
praised and put on the market at the ap
praised value.
£f? * -
The Speakership—Randall and Kerr—
Kerr Is the Coming Man—The Demo
cratic Victory in Wisconsin.
(Special Correspondence Chronicle and Sentinel.]
Washington, November 10, 1875.
The question as to who will be the next
Speaker is now the absorbing topic of
conversation in political circles here.
This and tho Sergeaut-at-Arms will af
ford topics for politicians to discuss for
several weeks hence, although it is gen
erally conceded that Columbus Alexan
der will walk over the course for the
latter plaoe. The fact that Randall hails
from the more than doubtful State of
Pennsylvania, together with his having
voted for the salary grab, places his
stock at exceedingly low ebb. What
militates against tho gentleman most is
that he is receiving the warming advo
cacy from the Republican and Chroni
cle, of this city, whose antecedents as
supporters of jobbery aud corruption
are known from Maine to Florida. The
election of Mr. Randall means immunity
and protection to theShepherd-Babcock-
Graut ring, who will meet iu him a
“hail fellow well met.” The Star, of
this city, tlins discourses upon au edi
torial of the Baltimore Gazette, of to
day :
“ The Baltimore Gazette makes a
savage raid upou the candidacy of Sam
Randall for the Speakership, and
charges that active trading is going on
in Washington to secure his election,
and that there is 1 imminent danger
that the scheme will succeed.’ The Ga
zette says that ‘ the plan to secure Mr.
Randall’s election is to unite the infla
tion members of the Democratic side of
the House with the Republicans by
divers pledges and assursnees, aud thus
defeat a more uncompromising inde
pendent Democrat for tho place. It is
maintained that as an extreme proteo
tionist Mr. Randall would throw the
control of the important committees
into the same power which now controls
them under Mr. Blaine, and would thus
aid the Republicans in carrying out
their ruinous high tariff policy. Further
more, it is more thau hinted that those
Republican members with tarnished
records, who fear the consequences of
rigid investigations of sundry acts of
legislative jobbery, for suspicious rea
sons, are strongly in favor of Mr. Ran
dall.”
The coming man for the Speakership,
in my opinion, is Kerr. His State is
safe for the Democracy in the future,
and he is especially free from all en
tangling alliances. He never voted for
the salary grab and refused to
touch the unclean thing. Moreover,
he is a Western man und will
receive the vote of his seotion
solid. In this contest Southern
Representatives should not hesitate to.
stand as a man by the West, for are not
tlieir fortunes iudissolubly oonneeted ?
Tho highest compliment that can be
paid Kerr is to say that he is warmly
opposed by the Shepherd-Grant “ring,”
who see in his elevation the exposures
of all those villainies whioh have made
Radicalism a “curse aud a reproach”
amongst the nations. The Democratic
Clubs of Wushiugton are to-night cele
brating the Democratic victory in Wis
consin, and on next Friday night they
will serenade ex-Governor Walker, of
Virginia, and Messrs. Kerr and Kelley,
of Oregon, and other prominent mem
bers of the next Congress. Bunn Run.
Treasurer New—The Finances.
Washington, November 13, It is con
fidently stated that Treasurer New will
resign in January on account of private
business.
The Treasury now holds $366,150,812
in bonds to secure the natioual bank cir
culation and $18,724,500 to secure pub
lic deposits. The national bank circula
tion outstanding i55345,602,278, of which
amount $2,220,000 are notes issued to
gold banks. Revenue to-day, $379,837;
for the month to date, $4,535,142; for
the fiscal year to date, $42,650,665. Cus
toms to-day, $455,066; for the month to
date, $5,176,652; fiscal year to date,
$61,193,767. National bank notes re
ceived for redemption to-day, $510,100;
total for the week, $3,053,663.
Capture of An Auukoed Ku-Klux.—
The Savannah News, of yesterday, says:
Yesterday morning Mulkey Godby, a
resident of Burke county, living in the
vicinity of No. 9J Central Railroad, was
brought to the oity in the custody of
George 8. Barthelruess, acting as Depu
ty United States Marshal, and turned
over to the United States authorities.—
He was committed to jail, in default of
$2,000 bond, by Judge Erskine to await
trial at the present term of the Court,
on the charge of “resisting United
offioers.”
The particulars of this affair are as
follows; Some time in 1872 a negro in
Burko county was alleged to have been
killed by a party of disguised men,
several of whom, Godby of the number,
were recognized. Warrants were issued
against them under tho Enforcement
act, and Godby and a man named!
Blocker were arrested. On the way
here Godby escaped, aud has until
Tuesday managed to keep out of reach.
Blocker was brought to Savannah, and,
owing to the disappearance of certain
witnesses alleged to be important to the
prosecution, the grand jury failed to
find a true bill against him, and he was
discharged. Various efforts were made
to capture Godby, but he was too
sharp for the United States depu
ties, although continuing to live
iu the county and follow his regular
pursuits. We understand he is Justice
of the Peaoe in his district. Several
months sinoe one of the deputy marshals
came up on him; but Godby, who was
well provided with arms, pleasantly in
timated to the deputy that he had bet
ter keep his distance, which the deputy
very wisely did, and returned to Savan
nah without his bird. If we are not
mistaken, a squad of soldiers were dis
patched on the same errand, but failed
to accomplish the object of their mis
sion, and Mr. Godby continued to prance
eround bis own vine and fig tree, “in
maiden meditation fancy free,” so to
speak.
Finding that it was impossible to oap
ture Mr. Godby in the regnlar way,
Marshal Smyth decided to resort to
strategem, and accordingly secured the
services of Mr. Bartbelmess, who was
unknown in that seotion, and hence suc
ceeded in “trapping his bird.”
Mr. Godby is described as a man of
commanding physique, with an immeese
head of auburn hair, which shades his
shoulders to the length of several inches,
in ringlets. The prosecution in the en
forcement case proving fruitless, he will
now be tried upon the charge of resist
ing arrest and bidding defiance to the
United States officers, the penalty of
which, upon conviction, is one year in
the penitentiary and a fine of §3OO.
Nearly all the horses in Columbus
have the epizootic in a mild form. We
see in the papers that the speediest way
to cure the epizootic and make a horse
thoroughly happy is to give him onions.
In proof thereof, a Portsmouth horse is
mentioned which had a severe attack of
the disease and his owner placed a half
dozen onions in the trough witirhis
regular food. The horse tackled three
of the onions immediately, and by the
time he had swallowed them began to
congh, sneeze and prance about, ap
pearing quite indignant and refusing to
touch the remaining onions. For full
five minntes this continued, and there
was a cured horse. He has not had a
cough, sneeze or any symptom of the
epizootic, but he did have the courage
to eat the onions remaining in tne
trough the*next day after the cure.
Postax. Matters. —A letter addressed
to a person, care of a hotel, and deliver
ed in accordance with the address, can
not be remailed except it be prepaid
anew, at the rate of three cents for each
half ounce or fraction thereof. Post
masters are not required to redeem or
accept in payment of post office dues,
money orders, stamps, or stamped en
velopes, any onrrency which may be so
mutilated as to be uncurrent. Express
companies cannot lawfully carry and de
liver letters, except they be enclosed in
Government stamped envelopes.
