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R " ILIIA ‘ E - J<>>lliS - AUGUSTA, Blip., BATPRPAT MWKMIKG MABCH 84, IS3H. [Trl-Weckly.]-V„l. 11.->o 30.
j Published
ft« ILY ’ TRI-WEKKLY AND WEEKLY,
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KhRONICLK AND SENITNKL
| AI GIIST i.
I I’rW.ny Morning, March 23.
■rite population of the town of Athens in this
Be as appears by the census just taken is 3007,
N_V>uling white and black.
j I have received nothing further ftom the
r B ction in New Hampshire, than we gave in
f,/ tcrday’s paper.
We commence to-day the publication of the
/jpeecb of Mr. Calhoun, on the Sub-Treasury
ill, and shall conclude it as soon as our limits
dll permit. Wa shall publish also those of Mr,
'lay and Mr. Webster, on the same subject.—
We desire that both sides should be fairly heard,
md that public opinion should be formed bn'the
merits of the bill, upon the best reasons which
can be given for and against it.
On Wednesday last, the Coroner was called
to hold an inquest over the body ol a female
slave, the property of the lion. John P. King, by
the name of Charlotte. After the examination
of witnesses the jury brought in their verdict
•‘‘that the deceased came to her death by the dis
charge of a pistol by a man of the name of
Wooster.”
(This, says the Constitutionalist, is another
evidence of the evils which must result from cur
'feting deadly weapons about the person. Had
<*«»ot Wooster had a pistol about him, he would
not have been the cause of the death of an
innocent person. When will our young men
rid themselves of this barbarous, cowardly cus
tom! Here is a young man in the bloom of life,
with an education we understand, of the first or
der, for the rash act of one moment, compelled
to suffer the torments of a smitten conscience for
the remainder of his life, and for what! for car
rying unlawful weapons about his person. We
hope this will prove a warning to those who are
in the habit of carrying pistols and dirks about
them.
Wooster was arrested on Tuesday morning
and carried before a magistra le on two counts—
the first fur an assault and battery on one of bur
city officers, the second for murder. Ho was
found guilty and bound over on the first'indict
ment in the sum of $5000; on the second tic was
refused bail, and was remanded to prison, to
await the decision of the judge. On Wednesday.
Judge Schley, in chamber, heard the arguments
in favor and against the defendant, andmitted him
to bail in the sum of $3OOO.
This case we believe, comes under one of the
laws passed at the recent session of our legisla
ture, prohibiting the carrying of deadly w capons,
and we hope the proper officers will see it rigidly
enforced.
( [cOM.MUXICATBn.]
F Poetasters, who scribble rhyme for the news
papers, arc requested not to borrow mottos
from the old ode of the subscriber, unless they
can, in the first place, give enough of a quotation
to make something like sense,
2d. Quote correctly what they do quote.
And 3d. If they will butcher the Greek, by
putting it into Human letters, at least spell the
words so as to come within gun shot of the
original sound Axacbeox.
N Further extracts of Foreign news received by
the Express Mail yesterday morning.
, j flunk ofEuglhnd. t s
Quarterly average of the weekly liabilities and
assetts of the Hank of England from the 4th
November, 1837, to 6lh Feb: 1838.
Liabilities. Asseits.
£lB,2o6,d)'(W Securities 22,509,000
Heposites, 11,260,000 Bullion, 9,543,000
29.473,000 32,112,000
Downing street, Feb 8, 1838.
A comparison with the lust accounts shows an
increase in the circulation of £305,000; an in
crease in the deposiles of 274.000; a decrease in
the securities of 37,000; and increase in the
bulli-m of 648,000.
Three o’clock—Consols for the account 02.-j.
Spoilt.
The civti Orair still drags its slow length along.
—Esparlero had a skirmish—or perhaps a fight
with theCarUstn, bn the 31st of Jannary, and
Leon “bit them again” on the 271 h. Th'o affairs
of Don Carlos seem to be growing desperate. The
old story is revived, of iVcgociations for a mar
riage of his son with the young Queen. Oh the
other hand, the Rothschilds arc said to be mak
ing negocialions with the Queen’s government
for a large WAiV, to be secured on the quicksilver
mines of Almeda &c.
The Madrid journals arc to the lllh of Feb
bruary, and Bayonne of the 14lh. Reports
were received by the Madrid Cabinet, from the
provincial authorities stating that inconsequence
of the onlrages committed in various districts, it
was found necessary to proclaim martial law inSc
ville Cordova, Cadiz, and Huelva. On the sth,
the Christinos, under the command of General
Laureno Sanz, Brig Pardinos, and Col. Urbino,
tell in with the united bands of Bastilo, Tollada,
and Palillos, near Üboda, when the rebels were
defeated, with the loss of many killed and
wounded and 483 prisoners, including twelve
Carlist officers and a chief of distinction.
I’rancc.
The news from this kingdom, and the contin
ent generally, is of little importance. The Cham
ber of Deputies had been engaged, several days,
in a sharp debate on the very grave questior
whether the deputies should or should not weai
a distinctive costume, us they did in the reign u
Charles X. A vote in favor of the costume was
taken on the 6th, but reconsidered and reverses
on the 7th—which the opposition papers seem t<
look upon as a great triumph.
The King had a large dinner parly on Sundai
the 4th; among the guests were Mr. aud Mrs
Stevenson.
The Momtcur of Feb.-8 contains certain brdi
nances for the regulation of the judicial tribunal
in Algiers.
er
as
ily
nd
mg:
■at,
dej
of]
From the Southern Post, March 20.
Macon Kuces.—First day.
reuse $250 .MILK UK ATS.
Thomas Neal’s c f Adjarra Harrison, 1 2 1
Hammond & Lovell’s c f Eclipsia, 2 12
A. A Jeter, (J Herring’s) b g Title - 2 dr
Time, lmsl)s—lin 52s—Iw 575.
Mr. Webster’s Speech. —A private cor
respondent of the New York Commercial
thus speaks of Mr. Webster’s great speech;
Washington, Monday evening, March 12.
Mr. Webster has spoken today from one
to half past four—didactive, argumentative,
perspicuous and powerful. The speech on
the sub-Treasury question, and probably the
epeecb cf nta life. Not yet finished" he will
conclude to-morrow. lam not acquainted
With Mr. Legare of South Carolina.—l saw
1 him however an attentive listener through the
whole speech, sitting next to Mr. Calhoun,
and T. heard him say as he passed through
the passage to the rotunda, “Mr Webster is
/the greatest speaker of the world—l have
oeen all the prominent statesmen in England
the debaters in France, and elsewhere in Eu
rope, but take hiin all in. all, Mr. V, ebster
has no equal in this or any other country.”
There was no attempt at display of oratory or
eloquence, but the exposition was as clear as
light, and the argument beyond escape.
Custom House Officers. —The Com
' ifnitee on Commerce have submitted to Con
gross a report on the subject ot regulating the
compensation of Custom House Officers. A
bill to define the number, duties, and compen
sation of the officers, accompanies the report.
The committee propose an entire change in
the present system, as under it there is a great
inequality ai d disproportion in the rales of
compensation to different officers, compared
with their respective duties ari?, responsibili
ties. The principle part of the compensation
cl the primary class of officers is derived from
fees on entrances clearances, and commis
sions on duties. The bill proposes to estab
lish regular salaries for the different officers of
the customs, dividing the collection districts
into eight classes for that purpose; and to
make some changes in the number and du
ties Os the officers at some of the ports, redu
cing the number of clerks about forty less than
proposed in the bill of last session. The title
of Comptroller of the Customs is to be substi
tuted for that of Naval Officer, as mere de
scriptive of the duties to be performed.
The salary proposed for the Collector of
New York fa $5OOO Deputy 3000,15 t and 2d
assistant deputies 2000 each ; Comptroller
3000, IF puty do. 2000 ; Surveyor 2500, Dep
uty do. 2000; three Appraisers 2250 each;
four Assistant do. 1250 each ; thirty five
clerks at salaries of 1200 to 2000; sixty 700
i to 1000 each ; and twepfy four 400 to 600
; each; twenty bine weighers and guagers at
: 1500 each, two hundred ih'dpecWs at 1250
each tidily four at §3 a day and two hi $4OO
and 800 each. — N. Y. Express.
1 * ' “ .• I .
The last shift. —The New York Commer
cial Advertiser gives the following fact, asdemon
j strativc of the desperate length to which the
i drunkard will go te procure the fatal bane of his
existence; “In the course of the investigations of 1
the Third Ward Committee for the relief of the
poor, tfje'y last week became acquainted with an
incident illustrative of the love of rum, which
forms itself is only parallel. The poor drunken
woman, having dispose! of every thing she could
lay her hands upon for drink, was reduced to po
sitive despair of the means of obtaining liquor.
But she had yet too garments upon her thirsty
body, an outer and an inner. She went to a
grocery for a dram; hut Tailing to obtain it with
out pay, stepped aside a moment, and leturncd
to the counter with her chemesc in her hands,
which she was the wretch to pawn; and, we be
lieve, the dram seller the wretch to take. This
may be truly called the “last shift for liquor.”
speech of am. caLhoun
Os South Carolina, on the Sub-Treasury Bill
delivered in the .Senate Os thr United Slater,
February 15f/r, 1838.
I regard this measure', which has been so
much denounced, as very little more than an
attempt to carry out the provisions of the
! joint resolution of 1816, and the deposite act
ot 1836. The former provides that no notes
but those of specie paying banks shall be re
ceived in the dues of the Government, and
the latter that such banks only shall be the
depositories of the public revenues and fiscal
agents of the Government; but it omitted to
make provisions tor the contingency of a ge
neral suspension of specie payments, such as
is the present. It followed, accordingly, on
the suspension in May last, which totally se
parated the Government and the banks, that
the revenues were thrown in the hands of the
Executive, where it has since remained under
its exclusive control, without any legal pro
vision for its safe-keeping. The object of
this bill is to supply this omission; to take the
public Money Out of the hands of the Execu
tive and place it under the custody of the
laws, and to prevent the renewal of a connex
ion which has proved so Unfortunate to both
the Government and the banks. But it is
this measure, originating in an exigency cau
sed by our own acts, and that seeks to nuke
the most of a change effected by operation of
law, instead of attempting to innovate, or to
make another experimefit, as has been erron
eously represented; which has been denoun
ced under Hie name of the Sub-lredsUry with
such unexampled bitterness.
In lieu of this bill, an amendment has been
offered, as a substitute, by the Senator from
Virginia, furthest from the chair, [Mr. Rives,]
which he informs Us is the first choice of
himself and those who agree with him, and
the second choice of those with whom ho is
allied on this question. If I may judge from
appearances, which ca® hardly deceive, he
might have said their first choice, under exis
ting circumstances; and have added.that de
sjfaUing of a Natidfial Bank, the object of
their preference; thby have adopted Ins sub
' utitute, as the only practical alternative at pre-
I sent. Wc have, then, the (Jucslion thus nars
rowed ddwn to tills bill and the proposed |
substitute It is agreed on all sides, that one j
' or the other thust be selected, and that to
’ adopt or reject the one; is to reject or adopt
1 the other. The single ljueslion then is, which
1 shall we choose! A deeply momentous qiics
r. tion, which wc are now called on to decide in
behalf of the States of this Union, and on our
. dccibionllieir future destiny must, in a great
j degree, depend, so long as their Union en
dures.
In comparing the relative merits of the twb
\ measures, preparatory to a decision, I shall
touch very briefly on tile principles and dr
- tails of the bill.* The former is well under-
J utood by the Senate and the country at large,
i and the latter Ims been so ably and lucidly cx
plained by llie Chairman of the Committee
in Ins opening speech, as to supercede the
necessity ot further remarks on them at this
stage of the discussion. 1 propose, then, to
limit myself to a mere general summary, acn
companion by a few brief observations.
The object ol the bill, as I have already stas
ted,is to take the public funds out of the hands
of the Executive, where they have been thrown
by operation of our acts, and to place them
under the custody of law; and to provide for a
gradual and slow, but a perpetual separation
between the Government and the banks. It
proposes to extend the process of separating
to the year 1845, receiving during the first
year of tlie series the notes of such banks as
may pay specie, and thereafter the amount
receivable in notes one sixth annually, till
the separation shall be finally consummated at
the period mentioned.
The provisions of the bill ore the most sim
ple and effectual that an able committee could
devise. Four principal receivers, a few clerks,
and a sufficient number of agent's to exam
ine the stale of the public funds, in order to
see that all is right, at an annual charge, not
exceeding forty or fifty thousand dollars at
most, constitute the additional officers, and
expenditures required, toperlimn all the fimcv
tions heretofore discharged by the banks, as
depositories of the public money and fiscal
agents of the Treasury. This simple appar»
alus will place the public Treasury on an in
dependent footing, and give to the Govern
ment, at all liu.es, ascertain command of its
funds to meet the engagements, and preserve
its honor and faith inviolate. If it be desira
ble to separate trom the banks, the Govern
ment must have some independent agency of
its own to keep and disburse the uublic reve
nue; and it it must have such an agency,
none. in.my opinion, can b« devised” more
simple, nwfp economical, more effectual and
safe than that provided by this bill. It ‘is the
necessary result of the separation, and to re
ject it, without proposing a better, (if, indeed !
a better can be,) is to reject the separation
itself.
, I turn now to Ih.t? substitute. Its object is
directly the reverse of that of the bill. It
proposes to revive the league of State banks
and to renew our connexion with them, and
which all acknowledge has contributed so
much to corrupt the community, and to cre
ate a spirit lor speculation, heretofore unex
ampled m our history.
The Senator in offering it, whether wisely
or not, has at leaal acted consistently. He
was its advocate at first in 1834 when the al
ternative was between it and thu re-charter
of the late Bank of the United States. He
then defended it zealous and inanfu ly against
the fierce assaults of his present allies, as he
now defends it, when those who then siisi
teined him, have abandoned the measure.
Wnether wisely or not, there is something
heroic in his adherence, and I commend him
for it; but, I fear 1 cannot say as.iViuch for his
wisdom and discretion, lie acknowledged,
with all others, the disasters that have follow.
ed the first experiment, bet attribute,} the
failure to inauspicious circumstances, and in
sists tiiat the measure has nut had a fair trial.
\ I grant that a second experiment may suc
ceed, after the first has failed; but the Sena
ator must concede, in return, that every fail
ure must necessarily weaken confidence, both
in the experiment and the experimenter. Ho
cannot.be moie confident in making this sc
corn! trial, than he was in the first; and, if I
doubted the success then, and preferred the
Sub-treasury to his league of banks, he must
excuse me for stil adhering to my opinion, and
doubling the success of his second trial.
Nor ought he to be surprised, that those who
joined him in the first should be rather shy of
trying the experiment again, after having
been blown into the air, and burnt and scald
ed by the explosion. But, if the Senator lias
been unfortunate in failing to secure the co
operation of those who aided him in the first
trial, lie has been compensated by securing
the support of those who were then opposed
to him.. They are now his zealous supporters.
In contrasting their course ilicn anil now, 1
intend nothing personal'. I make no charge
of inconsistency’, nor do 1 intend to imply it.
My object is truth, and not to wound the fee
lings ot any one or any party. 1 know that
to make out a charge of inconsistency, not
only the question, but all the material circum
stances must be the same. A change in eith
er, may make a change of vole necessary)
and, with a material variation in circumstan
ces, we are often compelled to vary ourcouisc
in order to preserve our principles, in this
case, I conceive, that circumstances as far as
the present allies of the Senator are concerned
have materially changed. Then the option
was between a re-charter. of the late bank,
and a league of State banks’; and now the for- 1
mer is out of the question, and the option is 1
between such a league and a total separation
from the hunks. This being the alternative
they may well take that, which they rejected
in 1834, without subjecting themselves, to the
charge of inconsistency, or justly exposing
themselves to the imputation ot change of '
principle, or opinion. 1 acquit them then, of j
all such charges. They doubtless think now,
as they formerly did, of the measure, which
they then denounced and rejected, hut wh ch
a change of circumstances now compel them ,
to support. Bat in thus acquitting them ol
the charge of inconsistency, they must excuse ,
me, if I should avail myself of the fact, that ,
their opinion remains unchanged, as an argu- ,
ment in favor of the bill —against the substi- ,
lute. The choice is between them. They
are in the opposite scales. To take from the :
one is in effect, to add to the other ; and any i
objection against the one, is an argument i
equally strong in favor of the ollierl f then i
do avail myself of their many powerful ob- i
jeclions in ’34 against the measure, which 1
this substitute proposes now to revive. Ica l 1
to my aid, and press into my service every
j denunciation they then uttered, and every '
argument they then so successfully urged
against it. Tlieji; no, we (for 1 was then, as j
uow,irreconcileably opposed to the measure,)
charged and proved what weeharg-,
cd, that it placed the purse and the sword in |
the same hands; that it would be the source j
of boundless patronage and corruption, and j
fatal in lis consequences to llie currency ol'
I the Country and 1 now avail rnysclt of these, j
and all other objections, then urged by us, in j
as full lorce against this substitute, as it you |
were again to rise in your places and repeat)
them uOw; and u( course, as Be thany argu
ments in elfect, in favor ot thd bill; and on ,
their strength 1 claim your yote ui its favor,;
1 unless, indeed, still stronger objections can
'j bo urged against it. J say stronger, because
■ i time has proved the truth of all that was said 1
> against the measure now proposed to be rovi-j
• ved by tins substitute. What was then pre- )
• TV
diction is now fact, But whatever objcc
tions have been, or tuaf po,, urged against the
bill, however strong they may appear in ar
gument, remain yet to be tested by the un
erring test of time and experience. Whether
they shall ever be realized must bo admitted
even by those who may have the greatest
confidence in them, to be at least uncertain*
and it is the part of wisdom and prudence,
where objections are equally strong against
two measures, to prefer that which is yet un
tried, to that which has, been tried and failed.
Agaippt this conclusion there is but one
escape. ’
It may be said, that we are sometimes
compelled in the midst of the many extraor
dinary circumstances in which we may be
placed, to prefer that, which is of itself the
more objectionable, to that which is less so;
because the former may more probably lead,
in the end, to some desired result, than the
latter. TO apply,the principle to this case,
it may be said that the substitute, though
of itself objectionable, is tp,,bp preferred,be
cause it would more probably lead to the
establishment ot a National Bank, than the
bill which you to be the only certain
remedy for all thtp disorders that affect the
currency. 1 admit the position to tc nound;
in principle, but it ison'e exceedingly bold and
full of danger in practice, and ought never to
he acted on, but in extreme caflos, and where
there is a rational prospect ot accomplishing
the object ultimately aimed at. The
tion, in this case, I must think, would bo rash
ness itself. It may be safely assumed, that
the success of either, which ever may bond
opted, the bill, or the substitute, would be
fatal to the establishment of a National Bank.
It can never put down a successtul measure
to take its place; and, ot course, that which is
most likely to tail, and re-plunge the country
into all the disasters of a disordered currency,
is that which would most probably lead to the
restoration of a National Bank; and to prefer
the substitute on that account is, in fact, to
prefer in because it is the worst of the two.
But arc you certain that another explosion
would be followed by a bank? We have alrea
dy had two; and it is far more probable, that
the third would impress umvcrally and indeli
bly, on the public mind, that there was some
thing radically and incurably wrong in the
system, which would blow up the whole con
cern, National Bank and all.
If 1 ip ay bo ptemiUed to express in opinion,
I woqjtl say, you have pursued a course on
this .subject unfortunate both for yourselves
and country. You areoppossed both to the
leaguj of banks, and the Sub treasury. You
prefer a Naiional Bank; and regard it aa the
only safe and certain regulator ot the curren
cy, but consider it, tor the present, out of the
question, and are therefore compelled to
choose between the other two. By support
ing the substitute, you will be held responsi
ble for all the mischief and disasters that may
follow the revival of the pel bank system, as
it has been called, with the almost certain
defeat of yo'ar first and cherished choice; and
,those you oppose jwill reap all the bunetits of
the power, patronage and influence, which it
may place in,,their hands, without, incurring
and portion^!'t,he respoinbility', Cut that is
not all. The success of the substitute would
be the defeat of the bill, which would, f in hko
manner, place on you thereeponsibilify of its
defeat, ami give those yon oppose,all the ad.
vantage of having supported it without any of
the responisbility.thal would have belonged to
it, had it been adopted, .ifed a
course been taken—-had yon joined in aiding
to extend the custody of the Jaws over the
public revenue, in the hands of the idxccu
live, where your own acts have placed it,
and lor which you, of course, are responsi
ble, throwing the blame at the same time, on
those to whom you attribute the present dis
orded state of the currency, the burthen of
the responsibility, you would have stood ready
to profit by events. If the Sub treasuty, con
irury to your anticipation, succeeded,! us
patriots, you would have cause to rejoice in
the unexpected good. If it failed, you would
have the credit of having anticipated the
result, and might then alter a double triumph
of sagacity and foresight, have brughl tor
ward your favorite measure with a fair pros*
pect of success, when every other had failed.
By not taking this course, yon have lust the
only prospect of establishing a National
Bank,
Nor lias your course, in my opinion, boon for
tunate for the country. Had it been different,
tbe currency Question would have been decided
at Lie called session; and had it been decided
then, the country would this day have been in a
much belter condition; at least the manufactur
ing- and commercial section to the North, where
tbe derangement of the currency is felt the most
severely. The South is comparatively in an
easy condition. t
Such are the difficulties that stand in the
way of ihc substitute at the very thiesbhold. —
Those beyond arc vastly greater, as I shall now
proceed to show. Its object, a* I have stated, is
to revive the league < f Slate Banks, and the first
question presented for consideration is, how is
this to he done—how is the league to be formed]
how stimulated into life when termed; and what
after it has been revived, would bo the true
character of the league or combination l To
answer these questions we must turn to its pro
visions.
It provides, that the Secretary of‘.he Treasury
shall select twenty five sjiccic paying banks, as
the fiscal agents of the government, ell to be
respectable and substantial, and that the selection
shall he confirmed by the joint vole of the two
Houses, It also provides, that they shall be
made tbe depositories of the public money, and
that their notes shall he receivable in ihc dues
of the government; and that in turn, for these
advantages, they shall stipulate to perform cer
tain duties, and comply with various conditions,
the object of which is, to give to the Secretary
of the Treasury full knowledge of their condition
and business; with the view to supervise and
control their acts, as far as the interest of the
government is chncerued. In addition to these,
it contains other and important provisions, which
I shall not enumerate, because they do not fall
within the scope of the objectlolU that I propose
to urge against the measure.
Now 1 ask what dues »!l this amount to!—
What hut a proposal on tlic part of (he govern
ment to enter into a contract, or bargain, with
certain selected states Banks, on the terms and
conditions contained. Have wc a right to make
such h bargain is the first qustion; and to that,
I give h. decided negative, which I hope to place
on constitutional grounds, that cannot he shaken.
I intend to discuss it, with other questions grow,
mg out of the connection of the goverwent with
i tbe batiks, as a new question the first timo pre
sented for conrideration and decision. Strange
as it may seem, the questions growing out of it,
! as long a» it has existed, have never yet been
; presented sor investigated in reference to their
| constitutionality, flow this has happened, f
■ shall now proceed to explain, preparatory to (he
! culmination ot the question, which I have pro
■ (tosed. r
The union of the government am) the hanks
• was never legally solemnized. It originated
1 shortly alter the government went into operation,
; 1,01 “ny legal enactment, but in a short order
ol lho Treasury Department of not much more
than a half a dozen of lines, as If it were a mere
; tnalter el course. We thus glided imperceptibly
, into a connection, which was never recognised
by law lilt 1816, (if my memory serves,) but
, which has produced, more important after consc
i and has a greater control over the des
tiny of this country, than any one of the mighty
questions, which have po.pften and deeply agi
tulcd the country. To it traced, as their
seminal principle,, thp, vast antj ,extraordinary
expansion of our banking, system, our excessive
import duties, unconstitutional, and profuse d.s
bursements, the protective Tariff, and its associa
ted system for spending what it threw into the
Treasury, foflqvyed in lime hy a vast surplus,
which the utmost extravagance of the government
could not dissipate, and finally by a sort of rctri
butivc justice, theexphsion of the entire banking
system, and the present pr«(itt;afeil condition ol
the currency, now the subject of our deliberation.
How a measure fraught with such import ant
j consequences should at (iral, and for so long a
lime should have cscapud the attention and the
investigation of the public, deserves a passing
notice. It is to be explained hy the false concep
tion the entire subject ol banking, which at the
early period universally prevailed iu (ho commu
nity. So erroneous was it, that a hank note was
then identified In the mind of tho public with
gold and silver, and a deposit*/ in bank was re
garded, as under the most safe and sacred custo
dy, that could be devised. The original impres
sion, derived from (bo bank of Amsterdam, where
every note, or certificate in circulation, was ho
ncstly represented by an equal and specific quoit
tily of gold or silver in bank, and where every
deposile, was kept as a sacred trust, to be safely
returned to the depository, when demanded, was
extended to hanks of discount, do,w'i) to the time
of the formation of our Go vein pent, with hut
slight modifications. With this impression, it is
not at all eXtfa«Krdirlary that the deposito of the
revenue in banks for safe keeping, and the re
ceipt of their notes in the public duos, should
be considered, a matter ot course, requiring no
higher authority than a Treasury order; and
i hence a connection, with all the imporlat ques
lions belonging to it and now considered of vast
magnitude, received so little notice, till public
, attention was directed to it hy i s recent rupture.
z his total separation from the system, in which
, wo now find ourselves placed, lor the first time,
, authorises ami demands, that wo shall investigate
1 freely and fully, nut only thu consequences of
i (I* l3 connection, hut all the questions growing
’ i Pf i*. ">ore especially those of a constitution
, a l character; and I shall in obedience to this
j demand return to the question from which this
digression has carried mu so far.
Have we then the right to make the hagain
' proposed? Have wc ths right to bestow the high
privileges, I might say, prerogatives, on them of
being, made the depositories of the public reve
-1 nue, and of having their notes received and trea
-1 led as gold and silver in the dues of the Govern
■ ment and in all its fiscal transactions? Have we
1 the right to do all this in order to bestow confi
! JfiDOei jij. the banks, with the view to enable
s them to resume specie pay met) fs? What ta the
i state of the case? The batiks arc deeply indeht
j cd to the country, and are unable to pay; and wc
s are asked to give them these advantages, in or
. dcr to enable llientj to pay their debts. Can wo
f grant the boon? In answering this important
, question, I begin with (ho fact, that our Govern
t merit is one of limited powers, it can exorcise
. po right but what is specifically granted; nor puss
! any law, but what is necessary , and proper to
carry such power into effect. This small pamph
let (holding it up) contains tho Constitution.—
Its grants of power are few apd plain; and I ask
gentlemen to torn to it, gnd 'point out the pow
or, (hat authorises us to do what is proposed to
he done, or to show that,,to pass this substitute,
is necessary to carry any of the granted powers
into effect.lf neither can he shown, what is pro
posed, cannot be constitutionally done; and (ill
it is specifically pointed out, I am warranted in
believing, that it cannot he shown.
Our mason is often confounded by a mere
name. An act, in tho minds ol many, may be
come of doubtful constitutional authority, when
applied to a bank, which none would, for a mu>
ment, hesitate to pronounce grossly unconstitu
tional, when applied to an individual, '(’o free
ourselves from this illusion, I ask, would this
Government constitutionally bestow on indivi
duals, or a private association, tho advantages
proposed to lie bestowed on the selected bank-,
in order to enable them to pay their debts? Is
there one who hears me, who would venture to
say, yes, even in tho case of the most extensive
merchant or mercantile concern, such as some of
those in New Turk, or New Orleans, at the late
suspension, whoso embarrassments involved en
tire sections in distress? Hut, if not, on what
principle can a discrimination be made in favor
of the banks? They are local institutions, crea
ted hy the -States for local purposes, composed,
like private associations, of individual citizens,
on whom the acts ot the State cannot confer a
particle of constitutional right under this consti
tution, that does not belong to the humblest citi
zen. So far from it, if there be a distinction, it
is against the banks. They are removed farther
trorn the control of this Government than (he
individual citizens, who,by the Constitution, are
expressly subject to the direct action of this Go
vernment in many instances; while the State
hanks, as constituting a portion of the domestic
ins ilutions of the .Stales, and resting on their
reserved rights, are entirely beyond our control;
so much so, as not to he the subject of a bankrupt
law, although the authority to pass one is ox
prcssly granted hy the constitution.
On what possible ground, then, can the right
of the question he placed, unless, indeed, on thu
broad principle that these local institutions, in
tended lor -State purposes, have been so extend
ed and have so connected themselves with tho
general circulation and business of the country,
as to effect the interest of thu whole community,
so as to make it the right and duty of Congress
to regulate them; or, in short, on the broad prin
ciple of the general welfare? There is none
other, that I can perceive: hut this would be to
adopt tho old and exploded principle, at all times
dangerous,but pre-eminently so at this time,whan
such looso and dangerous conceptions of the
constitution are abroad in the land. If the ar
gument is good, in one case., it is good in all si
milar razes. If this Govertl|tient may interfere
with any one of tho domestic institutions of the
Hlatcs, on tho ground of promoting ll;c general
welfare, it may with others. !f it may bestow
privileges to control them, it may also appropri
ate money for the same purpose; and thus a door
might be opened to an interference with State
institutions, of which woof a certain section
ought at this time to be not a littlbjcglous. /
Th* xrgumaot might (>e poshed raucli fanhs.?
We oot truly offer to confer great and important
privileges on tho |’»nk« io ho selected, but, in
tuttyasltthem to otipulateto comply with certain
conditions, tho oHect o| which is to.bring them
’ under the supervision and control cf this Go
vy v ' / .■.
e lt might he asked, where is the right
“ to purghnae or assume such supervision, or con.
troH It might he repeated, that they are State
« institutions, incorpora,cd solely for Stale purpo-
J sea, and to bc.eOtWy under State control, and
,: Iliul all aupervimon on aur part is in violation of
r the rights of the Stales. It might he argued that
; such supervision or control, calculated to
j weaken the control of the Stales over their oivu
institutions, and to render them less subservient
I' 10 their pecnliaf, and local interests, for the pro.
t motion of which.they were established; and too
subservient to other, and, perhaps conflicting
interests, which might feel hut little sympathy
with those of the States, lint I forbear. Other,
and not'lcM urgent objections claim my alien
tton. I o dilate 100 much on one, would neces
sarily sacrifice the claim of others.
To he Continued.
|\ OTICK—Kour inonltis utter date, upon cation
!' , . ni, J h« made to the honorable Inferior Court
, of Lincoln,county, when aming for ordinary par
-1 o , '“* ve to " 811 " l' urt iho real estate ut
John >VilJingh:ua t docruHCs!.
ISAAC WILLINGHAM,') ...
NKLSON GARRETT, ( Ad ‘" tri
March . r Hh, JB3S. mar 23 4m
|V OTIC’K.—AII those indebted to the estate of
Jolui Willingham, late ol Lincoln county, do
i ce ® Bol J» ,lr « reque«lcd to make nninediuie payment,
s niul 'hoMi having claims against the same io pre
, sent thom in lonns ol the law.
[ ISAAC WILLINGHAM,) . , .
NKLSON GARRETT, i lr “-
I March slh, IBHB. mar 'JJ w fit
months after date, application will he
made to the honorable the Inferior Court of
llnrko county, when setting Ibr ordinary purposes,
lor leavu to sell all the real estate belonging to thu
• estate ol John J. Rue,. deceased.
A- H. UOE, Administrator.
. Waynesboro, 23d March, 1838 4m
Georgia, Iturkc County ; TT
WIIKUKAS James Holland applies lor let
ters ol administration on the estate ol Mary
Gridin, deceased.
These r-w llureferc to cite and ndmonisli nil and
singular, the Kiiyjred atpl ere.Rlurs of the said tie
: ceased, to file their lulijetviioiw, if tpiy ificy have,
I, within the time prescribed by la tv, m my edic ■,
j to shew cause why said loiters should nut be.grunt.
, «d. Given under my hand and seal ut odice, in
. Waynesboro, this 20th March, 1831
■ T. 11. BLOUNT, Dep’y. Cl’k.
mar 23
1 1 jjAn extraordinary and remarkable cure.
Mrs Mary Dillon, olWilliamsburgli, was restored
to healthily the use of ibis medicine.—Tim syiiiji
toms of fhiis (jostrtssiiig case were ns billows: Total
loss of nppeilte, palpitation ol the bean, lunching
• of the tendons, with a general spasmodic affection n>
the muscles, didicully of breathing, giddinert;,
, langour, lassitude, great depression of spirits, yit h
I ll|e tear of some iiifponding evil, a seiisarion ol
[ fluttering at the pit iff the stomach, irregular tran
sient pains in different parts, great ilmuiicipuuoii
’ witli.ullitr symptoms of extreme debility.
The above case was pronounced hopeless By
i three of the most eminent physicians, and a <iis«..r
i hilion ol the pm tent daily awuned lur by her friends,
which may he authenticated by thu physieiiiks
, who were in attendance. .She has given her elioer
ful permiijsiuii to publish lbe ahuvu fuels, mid will
also gladly give any information respecting tho
* hunelit she lias received to any niiMumog mind..
- MARY DILLON.
i- -Mr. Charles Semple, who had been
o ofllictod for five years with humoral habitual A.ih
nm, applied to Dr Evans on the 4th of Nov. labor,
ing under tho following symptoms; A sense’cn
u tightness across, the chest, with the greatest drift
e culty in breathing, distressing cough, generally
ending with copious expectoration ol viscid phlegm.,
e disturbed rest, the lace turgid ni|d «f a livid hue;
. could not lie in a horizontal position, without tho
sensntexu c>( immediate suffocation, languor, drow
■ j snmss, und dissolve* m the head, and loss of up
-1 pet'lo. , ~
Mr .N. applied to the most eminent physician in
. the city, likewise used eovcrnl other remedies
i without 1 obtaining any jierinniient benefit an-
Id Ins friends persuaded lieu o place himself
under Dr e.van. treatment, lie is now relieved
ol Ins complaint, mid called nt the office yesterday,
avowing I hut be |iad not.word*.to-express his groti
udolor the benefit he hod received.
Knr sale by ANTON V Ac //AINKS.
OCT A letter.from Doct, N. I*. Gilbert to
l)oet. Evnnl. ,
Dear Sir .had the immortal Coivpcr known the
medical rpiulitieg.xiLlliß' Camomile., Plain, ho ns
well ns thousands since (besides, myself) would
have experienced its Wonderful efleijlN u p , |„, ner
vous system, , 'file public utility of Cow per
was blighted m the hud, through I ho, natural olfoct
othiu lierveil-. (debility iijsjii ,tlto, mental powers
which untile it necessary for him to seek relief be
neath the rural shade, Iml the calm retfeul gave hie
physical nature no rejM.se. Jl some mm then had
known the secret of concentrating tho jnv.dreal vir
tues of Die (/amoinille, Die discoverer would have
boon, innnorlaliziyl with poetic zeal, us the hunefuc
lor of sullen,ig man.
The above.finvi) were prompted from the effect I
have experienced (rum Dr. Hm. Evans’Camomile
fills, \onrs, &c. oIIEL/JKN f. GH.BKKT,
i Durham, Green no. N Y.
. Another recent test of the unrivalled
virtnes of |>r. Wm. Evans’ Medicines.-.
nytfa/aia- I'enyears sfmidmg.—Mr. J, McATenzio,
wan a mil ;tea with the above ibr i«*ii
years, w hich iirqapacialod w ith him ut intervals, for
six years, in at, lending to his business, restored to
period health, under thu salutary trealmcnt of Dr
Win. Evann-. .
Iho principal syir.ptoim.fsiere, n sense of disten
sion and ojijiressio i after ealing, distressing jiam in
the pit of the stonuudi, nausea, imjiaired uppelilo,
giddiness, palpitation of the heart, great debility
und emaciation, Uejirassiia of spirits, disturbed
rest, sometimes, a billions vomiting and jiain H > Iho
right side, an cstreme degree of languor and faint
ness, any endeuvitf lo pursue, his business causing
immediate exaustiun anil weariness.
Mr. McKynzia is daily ■ attending his business,
and none ol the above symptoms have recurred
sines he used the above medicine fie is now a
slrong and heslthy. man. j|« resorted lo myriads
ol remedies, but they wereull meffeclual.
by ANTONY <t ILALVES
march 8 Sole agents for Augusta, Geo
Asthma, three Years standing.
Mr KOHKIt f jVIONKOE, Schuylkill, afflicted
with the above distressing malady, .‘syrajiumis
Grout languor, flatulency, disturbed rest; nervous
bend ache, difficulty ol hrtialhmg, tiglnnsas mid
stricture across the breast, dizziness, nervous irrita
niliiy and restlessness, could not lie in a horizontal
position without the sensation ol impending suffb
cation, palpitation of the heart, distressing cough,
costivencss, pain in the stomach, drowsiness, graat
debility aud deficiency of the nervous energy. Mr.
Monroe gave up every thought ol recovery, and
dire despair >et on the countenance wf every person
interested in bis existence or happiness, till by ac
cident ho noticed in a public paper some cures es-
Iccivd by JJr •* '» Evans Medicine in his comp'amt
which induced him lo jiurcliase a package of the
pills, which resulted in completely removing every
symptom ot his disease. Ho wishes teeny his mo
tives for this declaration is, that those afflicted with
the same or any symptoms similar to those from
winch he is happily restored, may likewisereceivo
the same inestimable benefit. •
tot ante by ANTONY &. HAINES.
Law Notice.,
rllllKiicdersigiicd havxiig united in the pruetic
I ul tho LAW, offef their services lo the public
Thijy "ill attend the courts of M useogec, Marion,
Slewirt, Unndoljih, Early, Baker, Lee and Sumter,
el.tlja Chatlalioeclioe Cirenit; Houston, ul the Flint
Cirouil; and Twiggs, fnlaski, Lowndes, Thomas,
Decatur aiitlDool/, of the Soutliem Circuit. Bn
» lines* entrusted v> th,«irr«ro will meet with prompt
attention ,Thei* offi.-e is in Americur, Sumter
county,wha.'.i cue of thom raav always be found
i when aof absent on business.
I LOTT WARREN.
, WM.J] CRAW FORD
oof 10 237 wy