Newspaper Page Text
(Toluinbia
jf - jlw - < »asg..—■srs-tBaTW
HARLEM. GEORGIA
rt nut m i' uvuir tiiuiuuiay.
Bnllnrd «*» Attainwon.
FHorMimonn.
A missionary in Uhina write*
home that what an Am-ricai family
throw* away in a year wonM keep a
doz<n Chin'<w* famili nn<i wh.it u f hi
new family throw* away in tie • imc time
would not food a moiiw.
■ L '
NearCharlottt Harl»or, Fla., 1* a eoaat
where one can wade over fifteen hundred
feet from the ahore. In certain aeaaon*
thi* plant: i* alive with men, ale* in
hand, who await the large fish that rock
the place a* mean* of aacaping from their
arch enemy the porpoiro*. The mm
«a*ily kill the fl«h with their aiea, a* the
water i» a* transparent as gla««, and they
can see how to strike them without any
difficulty.
Th< Missionary Herald tell* how the
Turkish government extort* taxes from
St* poor subject*. One poor woman, it
aaya, wa« tied to a tree with a large bag of
atone* aleiut her neck, for the purpose of
compelling her to jay taxc.c in another
place a >iek man had hl* bed taken from
him anil Bold; other perron* arc beaten
and rome are sent to prison. It i* a sad
cry of poverty which now come* up from
all part* of the Turkish empire.
Thirteen boys in the »< hool at Arcolu,
111., struck against further study when
calleil in after reccs*. The teacher, who
apparently is a horn diplomatist, called ,
up the thirteen largest girls in the room,
told them of the state of affairs, and
ordered them to march out and each
bring in a boy. Within three minute*
and a half a baker’* dozen of lad* with
very red face* were trying to study hole*
in their book*, and have been too busy
■lnce to talk about the sail affair.
A curious flower was recently discover
ed on the isthmus of Tehauntepec,Mexico.
It has a faculty of changing its color dur
ing the day. It grows on a tree. An
other peculiarity of thia floral chameleon
is that it only gives out perfume at noon
time One of the strangest thing* about
this flower, however, is that it should be
found in Mexico,when its color* are those
of the United State* flag. In the morn
ing it white, nt noon it changes to red,
and at night it adopt* a soft blue
color.
Tobacco blindness i* becoming a com
mon affliction. At present there are sev
eral (M-rson* under treatment for it atone
London hospital. It first take* the form
of color blindness, the sufferers who have
smoked themselves into this condition
being quite unable to distinguish the
color of a piece of red cloth held up be
fore them. Rometime* the victim lo*e»
hi* eyeaight altogether. Although amok
ing is to a large extent the cause of the
malady, and so gives it its name, heavy
drinking is also partly responsible.
American inqulsitivene** and ingenui
ty united have produced thread made
from the bl< Mom* of the common milk
wood, which hit* the consistency and te
nacity of imported fl ix or linen thread,
and i* produced at much lea* cost. The
fibre is long, easily carded and may bo
readily adapted to spinning upon an or
dinary flax aptnoer. It ha* the smooth
ness aud lustre of silk, rendering it valu
able for sewing machine use. The weed
is common throughout thi* countiy, but
grow* profusely at the south The ma
terial costa nothing for cultivati ui, and
gathering is a* cheaply done as that of
eotton. •
At the close of 1878 there wen l only
15<1 firm* engaged in the silk manufac
ture, in all it* branchia, in the country,
of which 30 wen- in New Jersey. <ll in
New York, 25 in Pennsylvania, 22 in
Connecticut, and the other* scattering.
The total capital invested in the industry
was only $15,988,877; the total product*
Were valued at $19,894,874, and the op
erativo* numbered only 10,051. By 1879
the figures given for the whole country,
six year* before little more than covered
the ailk interest* of Paterson alone,
which then had 102 firm* and corpora
tions engaged in it, employing 12,599
hands, with $9,955,500 invested, and
produced $12,172,995 worth >f good*
that year. Since then the industry Im*
made still further progre**.
.. .._ ... * u
A mad donkey at Mentone, France,
has just provided M. Pasteur with two
new |>alieut*. The animal, which had
itself been bitten by u mad dog, attcukvd
iu owner and a veterinary surgeon who
came to treat it, inflicting severe bite* on
them both; and they both started im
mediately for Pan*, bringing with them
tire brain* of the ass which had done the
miachief. They are not the only sufferer*
by the act ident, w hich ha* cast a slur, in
local eat: mat ion at least, on t'ue whole
family of quadrupled* to which the
offending animal belongs. The moun
tain excursion* on donkey-bro k, in
which visitor* to those ]«arts were in the
habit of indulging, have fallen into tem
porary disfavor, aud the donkey boy*
have been heavy loser* by the lull in
their industry.
The g-iv-ril public is not aware of ths
exi-t'n< •of a medal "f honor which is
conferred by vot<- of congr-'s* on officer*
an 1 enlisted men in the naval an 1 mili
tary service of the Unit <1 State*. Tho
manner in wli.ch thi* <!•■< oration i« con
ferred is not cnlcu'iitcl to render it
widely known, n» it i» always voted on
in a 1 urry, along with a lot of other
routine military business, mid sent to it*
winner by mail without tho least cere
mony. Toe medal was created during
the civil war and ha- many wearer*.
A Ontraii i, (K in.) paper burst* into a
prean of joy over the arrival of n family
at follow*: ' The glorious State of Kao
lin rc ■ ived .'ill addition of thirteen vo
ter* in one family the other day by the
•migration to Hensen of Lora Grendnhl
and family from LaCrosse, Wis. Mr.
Grcndahl is the happy father of twelve
son*. Two year* ago he had but six. A
pair of twin* were then born, ami two
month* ago, he received a further re
markable aildition of four son* at one
presentation. The four together weighed
twenty pound*, and although they arc
now two months old, there are a* lively
a* young crickets, and growing a* though
determined to prove an exception to the
generi! fate of quadruplet* of dying
early.”
In Auckland, New Z etland, according
to an American visitor, nn American 1*
imni 'diat ly stni k by the dissimilarity
manifested, both in requirement* and in
ideas,to hisow n horn". Butchering estab
lishments, with huge op n front.*, areaitu
nted besides music warehouse*. Station
ery shops, their wallscovered withbooks,
like the interior of a library, ami saddle
and harness-maker*, with window* dis
playing bridles, bits and spurs, are fro
quint features. Itry goods stores abound
to nt leant the number of three in each
block. Their windows filled with gay
print* and colicoe*, the light summer
dresses of the ladies and the numerous
light coat* and straw hats of passing
pedestrian* liear ample evidence to tho
roini-tropical nature of the climate.
There are no saloon* in Auckland, as a
strictly enforced licensing law compel*
the owners of hotel* to provide accom
modation* for a certain mimberof travel
ler*. Each hotel, however, ha* » drink
ing bur in connection with it, from be
hind which typical British barmaid* at
tend t'esthe requirement* of thirsty way
fare
Wonderful Shot.
nt* book, •'The Witchery of Arch
ery,” Maurice Thompson relate* his ad
ventures with “Tommy,” an Indian who
was a skilful archer. He says: From
the first 1 recognized Tommy a* my mas
ter in the noble science and art of arch
ery, and I tailored hard to win hi* appro
bation by some achievement worthy hi*
notice. At last I accomplished this. Ho
had a very broad-feathered arrow which
he had named “floo-hoo,” on account of
a peculiar roaring sound it made while
flying through the air. You could hear
it 200 yard*.
Ono day he shot this arrow at a plover
standing on a point of sand. It went
loudly whizzing just over thi' bird’s back,
making it settle low down ns if struck at
by a hawk and frightened out of its wits.
I was nt Tommy's side when h? shot.
Tho bird was a good hundred yard
away. He di*l not miss it a foot. Now
was my time and I settled myself to my
work.
Selecting a light, narrow-feathered
shaft, I planted my feet firmly, measured
the distance carefully with my eye, drew
to my ear and let go. It was a glorious
piece of luck and good shooting com
bined. The arrow went like a thought,
noisi'lcssly, unwaveringly straight to the
mark, cutting the game through the
craw, killing it on the spot. I leaned on
my bow with ns much nonchalance and
grace as 1 could command, while Tom
my gave me my meed of praise. He pat
ted me on the back and waggl'd his head
significantly; ho grunted in various keys,
and finally wound up with:
“Beat! ugh! nice! good !”
Quick Sale* ami Small Profits.
A min afflicted with deafness took a
prescription to a Topeka druggists, who
filled it with care and the latest style.
The deaf man asked the price,
when the following talk occurred :
Druggist (leaning on the counter and
smiling in a won't-you-pay-up
maimer) The ] rice is seventy-five
cents.
Deaf Customer Five cents. Here it
I*.
Druggist (in a louder voice) —Seventy-
five cent*, please.
Deaf Customer—Well, there's your fivo
cents.
Druggist (in a very loud voice
and very firm manner)— 1 said seventy
five cent*.
Deaf Customer (getting angry)—Well,
what more do you want? I just gave you
five cent.*.
Druggist t<otto voce) Well, go to the
deuce with your medicine, I made three
cents any way. Drug ,- -r>i.
Recent investigation shows the exist
ing navy of Great Britain cost $210,000,*
000, and that its present value does not
exceed $00,000,000.
A factory in Madison, Mi»* ,
turn* out 110 barrel* of cotton seed od
• very week.
WARRIORS OF ASSAM.
A MiMlonary'* Life In aCorner
or Hindoatan.
A People Who Ornament Their Hotujs
with Human Skull*.
“I was sent to Assam,” said Dr. E. W.
Clark, a missionary, to a reporter of
the Washington liejnMiean, under the
auspice* of the American Baptist Mission*
ary union, of Boston, Mass. Myself and
wife were the first white people to set
foot in Assam, which i* a small valiey six
ty-five mile* in width and 500 mile* in
length, and has about 3,000,000 of popu
lation.
“It i« situated in the northwestern
part of Hindoostin and is an English
possession. The inhabitants of the Naga
Hills are wild mountaineers, living
around the summit* of the mountain s .
Up to five years ago these people were in
dependent; the g«-at war* of India never
succeeded in subjecting them. They de
light in war and are barbarous a* are
American Indian*. In the same manner
a* our Indians take the scalp the Naga
warriors take the head.”
“They’re not head-eaters?” murmured
the scribe, with a shudder, wondering if
the doctor’s long life in that country had
not led him to partake of the Assam cus
tom*.
“No,” continu ed the doctor. “They
are called head cutters, and they orna
ment their houses with long strings of
skull* of captives ns tokens of their prow
ess. Unlike our Indian*, they cultivate
the soil and entertain the highest respect
toward the women. Any obscene talk
in the presence of a woman is severely
punished. They work hard for their liv
ing, knowing if they do not they must
perish. Their homes consist of rude
bamboo houses with leaf roof.
“Medicine is not known, and they
fancy all sickness or evil that happen to
them is because some deity has been dis
pleased. Hence the blood of animals is
shed as a sacrifice to appease the indig
nant god. This sacrifice first commences
with a fowl, then a pig, and lastly cattle;
if long continued it sometimes impover
ishes a whole family. The general name
for deity is ‘soonngram.’ There are no
special names for their deities, as they
worship a house, site of a house, etc.
All debts must lie paid; they have not
learned how to repudiate.
“Os sin they have a strong impression.
Frequently untenanted houses are seen,
all possessions in the house having been
abandoned. The idea is that it is sinful
to steal goods thus left. When some
member of a family is killed by a tiger,
by drowning or by the falling of a tree,
these are considered sinful persons, too
polluted to be even touched.
“Among the hill people there is no
caste. The Assamese are betrothed at
from three to five and marry at ten years
of age, being then fully developed. In
appearance they are much like the Chin
ese, but are much more muscular and
hardy. There is a fine field for gos[>cl
teaching among them. When I first
went among the Assamese the English
were seared, but afterword rendered eve
ry assistance, because they found we
were establishing peace on their border.
“Up to the present time there have
been four villages largely Christianiz.ed
and many converts made. There is no
written language. After many years of
labor I succeeded in reducing to writing
in their language a collection of hymns
and school books."
The doctor exhibted the first book
printed in Assamese. It is a translation
of a chapter of the Bible, translated by
the doctor, and printed on a little Amer
ican press sent from Boston to the town
of Molting.
“And all the letters have but one
round apiece, continued Dr. Clark, “and
tho language is in some respects, easier to
acquire on that account. The chief
towns in Assam are Gohaty, Nowvong,
Tezpor, Sibsagor and Dibroogur, which
is the head of steam navigation of the
Brahamapootra river, which was our
nearest government station, though forty
miles away, aud only reached by paths.
There are no roads, and all travel is on
the back of elephants.”
A Persian Game.
There seems to be as great a dearth of
games among the youth as among the
grown people in Persia, still they may lie
seen winning walnuts from each other by
games very similar to tire marble-play
ing of the American and English youth.
A favorite game appears to be placing
each a certain number of walnuts along
a marked line at a sufficient distance
apart to allow of another one to pass be
tween without touching.
The line is formed near the base of a
low wall. They then take turns in
knocking the bonse walnut off the wall
so that it rolls through the line, and any
nuts dislodged from the scratch are con
sidered won and transferred to the win
ner's pocket Hobble-de-hoys of twen
ty are often seen playing this game of
walnuts, as also pitch-and-toss for cop
]>cr*. Squabbles are of frequent occur
reneo, but fighting seldom results, for
the meek-eyed you'll of the Shah's do
minions are more 1 pacifically constituted
than we were when you and I were
young and were wont to )>eel off our
eoata on the smallest provocation.— Out
inf.
A Thousand Dollar Motn.
It :« by no mean* the most beautiful or
striking in color, for it is painted, as you
may say, in a single color of grayish
brown, though in many, many tint* of
that color. It* form is the mon- wonder
ful, for it* secondary or hinder wing*
reach back into long tails an eighth of
nn inch wide and over four inches long,
so that the insect measure* about seven
inches from beau to tip of tails, and be
tween four and five inches across. It i»
ot the general sha]>e of what is known a*
our luna moth, the large greenish white
tailed moth; but in the luna the tails arc
only two inches long. Ido not think
any other moth or butterfly ha* no great
eccentricity of form. But the most won
derful thing of all is that it is the only
insect of the kind ever found.
Thirteen years ago a son of Prof. Mey
er caught it in a barber shop in Rio Jan
eiro, iato which it had flown during th*
evening. He sent it to his father, who
had been a collector for many years, j
When the box containing it was opened,
and the great entomologist dropped his
eyes U|»on it, he almost fainted wi:h de
light, and at once was offered a hundred
dollars for it.
The news of the discovery of it spread
rapidly everywhere among collectors, and
diligent search has been made ever since
to find another of its kind, but in vain.
It stands alone, perhaps the last of an al
most extinct species, but surely the only
one that rests in air on entomologist's
pin. Thi* fact that it defies duplication,
together with its kingly form, will help
you to remove the shudder that passel
over you as you hear its name, Jehovah,
for by this name the princely insect is
known among scientists— Emlamnnia Ja
hotah. It should be stated, however,
that it* happy owner did not intend giv
ing it thi* name, but somehow the real
name, Jupiter, was changed into Jehovah
when it was being catalogued, and so it
has remained.
It is hard to place a value upon this
precious intsect, for Dr. Meyer values it
almost as his own life; but I have been
told a thousand dollars would not induce
him to part with it. We can believe this
when we are told that a kind of beetle
found in the West was sold, for several I
years, at one hundred dollars a specimen.
Prof. Meyer’s entire collection is valued
at $40,000. Cvngregationdli»t.
He Looked Fierce.
Within the circle of the author’s dog
acquaintance was a dog named Kanuck.
He was a bull-dog, and though of a very
savage nature, yet he was faithful to his
master and he appeared to have a keen idea
of the ridiculous, for he seemed to know
how horridly ugly he was, and to take 1
supreme delight in terroriz.ing not only
all the dogs and children in the neigh
borhood, but even the grown people as
well. It was this dog’s great pleasure to ;
leap from the ground to the top of the I
fence, and thence to the cap of the gate
post, where he would sit for hours watch
ing up and down for some victim to
practice his bugaboo business upon.
When a timid or nervous person appeared,
and the dog seemed to know all such,
then he appeared not to notice their ap
proach, gazing in every other direction
until the intended victim arrived nearly <
opposite the post. Then he dropped
suddenly down in Us.it and glared at
him with bloodshot eyes and projecting
teeth and such an appearance of ferocity
that the passer-by generally stepped out
into the gutter. Few people had the
courage to brush past him on the narrow
sidewalk, and when the passer-by had
mustered spunk enough to regain the
sidewalk again, then Kanuck would
jump down from his post, and, rushing
to his master, wag his tail and hideously
grin, as much as to say “Didn’t I scare
them, though?”— Cincinnati Enquirer.
The Price of a Blank Shot.
“We had,” said one of the crowd, “one
of the funniest duels I ever saw at col
lege. It was a put-up job, of course. ;
The pistols were not loaded with ball, but
the duelists did not know that. They !
stood up like men, apparently, but ono
of them got so nervous he fired before
the word was given. That placed him
at the mercy of his opponent, who was
a poor chap and rather shrewd. As
soon as the pistol went off the indi
vidual who fired it got utterly scared.
The other stood calm and determined,
and proceeded to take leisurely aim.
‘Don’t shoot" yelled the victim; ‘don't
shoot" 'I believe it is my turn, isn’t
it?’ he asked, and turned to the sec
onds. ‘Of course it is; go ahead.’ And
he again leisurely covered his man.
‘Hold on! Hold on 1 I'll give you
if you won't shoot!’ "Tain't enough!'
‘For heaven's sake! I'll give you s7so!'
The man with the pistol sneered and
covered him once more. ‘How much
will you take?’ ‘A thousand dollars.’
‘l’ll give it. Put that cursed thing
down.' Aud he paid his little $1000.”
—San Franciteo Chronicle.
Something to Jog His Memory.
Angelina—Oh, ma, do let us havs
some of tnat nice glacier stained glass
decoration.
Mother—Why, darling.
Angelina—Well, you see. mother, it
reminds one so much of church, and
church suggests the maniagc-service;
and it seems to me as if Harry wants
something to jog his memory.—Puck.
clippings for ihe curious.
It wa* once usual to call a pack of
hounds a cry.
Nitro glycerine is probably the most
popular of the new remedies recently
adopted by physicians.
The shark is still worshiped on the Af
rican coast, and offerings of poultry and
goats are made. Once a year a child is
sacrificed to propitiate it.
A question likely soon to come to the
fore is the practicability of tunnelling
between England and Ireland. At one
point the distance is under twenty-two
miles.
A De Kalb county (Illinois) farmer has
gathered $l2O worth of scalps from the
progeny of a pair of wolves which he
carefully guards from hunters. The
county pay* $5 for every wolf scalp.
There has been on exhibition at New
Haven the king of catdom. He is eight
years old, of the tiger variety, weighs
thirty-two pounds, and is believed to be
the biggest tame cat in the United
States.
Hawks in old times were usually trained
by being kept from sleep, it having been
customary for the falconers to sit up by
turns and watch the hawk and keep it
from sleeping, sometimes for three suc
cessive nights.
The notion that the swan sings sweet
ly at the time of his death probably
originated in the swan being identified
with Orpheus. We read that, “after his
death, Orpheus, the musician, became a
swan. Thus was it the bird of Apollo,
called the bird of music, of the Greeks.”
Said Pasha’s toothbrush stand is made
of two oblong emeralds of the largest
known to the Rue de la Paix jewellers.
They are arranged to form an X, and at
the point of intersection are fastened
with a brilliant-studded twist of gold.
The toothbrush handle is so bejewelled
and carved that it cost 50,000 francs.
Before the reign of King Alfred slaves
in England could own nothing; under
hi* legislation they were permitted to
dispose by will of what was given them,
or what they could earn in their free
hours. He forbade, also, any master 8
who have incurred a fine or amend from
buying off by the sale of. man as well as
beast.
The house in which Lincoln died was
a lodging house. John Matthews, a com
edian, who was a great friend of John
Wilkes Booth, had rooms there, and his
room was the room in which President
Lincoln died. A few nights before the
assassination John Wilkes Booth oc
cupied Matthews’ room and it is a curious
fact that he slept in the same bed upon
which the man whom he afterward mur
dered breathed his last breath.
Alaska Mosquitoes.
A fair wind one day made me think it
possible to take a hunt inland, but, to my
disgust, it died down after I had pro
ceeded two or three miles, and my fight
back to camp with the mosquitoes,
I shall always remember as one
of the salient points of my life. It
seemed as if there were an upward rain
of insects from the grass that became a
deluge over marshy tracts—and more-than
half the ground was marshy. Os course,
not a sign of any game was seen except a
few old track*; and the tracks of an ani
mal are about the only part of it that
could exist here in the mosquito season,
which lasts from the time the snow is
half off the ground until the first severe
frost, a period of some three or four
months. During that time every living
creature that can leave the valleys as
cends the mountains, closely following
the snow line, and even there peace is
not completely attained, the exposure to
the winds being of far more benefit than
the coolness due to the altitude, while
the mosquitoes are left undisputed mas
ters of the valleys, except for a few
straggling animals on their way from one
range of mountains to the other.
Had there been any game, and had I
obtained a fair shot, I honestly doubt if
I could have secured it, owing to
these pests; not altogether on ac
count of their ravenous attacks upon my
face, and especially the eyes, but for the
reason that they were so absolutely dense
that it was impossible to see clearly
through the mass in taking aim. When
I got to camp I was thoroughly exhausted
with my incessant fight, and completely
out of breath, which I had to regain as
best I could in a stifling smoke from dry,
resinous pine knots.— Lieut. Schicatka.
He Couldn’t Remember.
“Did I pay for that wine we had last
night, landlord?” asked Crimsonbeak,
eoming down one morning with his head
tied up in a towel.
“Why, vou ought to know, Mr. Crim
gonbeak.” replied a bystander, jokingly.
“Well,” said Crimsonbeak, “I con
sulted my pocketbook, and it seemed to
say that I did; but when I consulted my
head I came to the conclusion that I was
paying for it this morning.”— Statesman.
Well Applied.
Wife—“ What is a chestnut, my dear?”
Husband—“A chestnut, love, isa story
that has been told over and over amiin.
Why?”
Wife—“ Nothing. Only it's funny
that you should bring a chestnut with
you every time you come home late at
night.— Loa ell Citizen.
RANCH HUNTING.
Incidents of Out-Door Lif e lr)
the Far West.
Description of the Outfit Used on a Hua’
ing Expedition.
A hunting expedition from the ranch
need* but scant preparation, because all
of our business is carried on in the op<. a
air, and our whole outfit is such as i 8
best suited for an outdoor life. After
cattle the most conspicious adjuncts of a
cow ranch arc horses. Everything jj
done and almost all of each day is q lent
in the saddle. The horse* runfree-in a
band, which is driven to the corral every
day or to, when the animal* needed at
the moment are roped (no plainsman, by
the way, even on any occasion uses the
word lasso; in its place he uses the verb
to rope; it is a sure sign of being a “ten.
derfoot” to use the former), and the rest
of the band again turned loose. Every
day some rider goes out among the
neighboring cattle; and from Mav to
November most of the hands are away
from the ranch house on the different
round ups. For a short expedition only
three or four men may go, taking a pack
outfit; that is, each man taking a spare
horse, on which his bedding, food and
the indispensable branding irons are
packed. On a longer trip a wagon is
needed. The regular plains wagon is
perforce a stout, rather heavy affair, or it
would not stand the rough usage to
which it is exposed. It needs a team of
at least four horses to handle it properly
can carry a very large load, and, with
its hooped canvas top, offers a good
shelter to a small number of men in the
event of a sudden night storm of rain.
This is the wagon we take when going
on a trip of any duration, but for quick
light work we use the buckboard. This
will carry a couple of men and their
| traps in good style, can go almost every
where, and, moreover, can travel nearly
as fast as a man on horseback.
A pair cau drag a buckboard perfectly,
although if merely going up to a neigh
boring ranch or to some definite jioint,
we often put on a team of four, which
bowl us along over the prairie at a great
rate—trotting or galloping. The stock
saddles used throughout the cow country
are admirably suited for a hunting trip
as they have pockets in which various
articles can be stowed and things can be
tied on them almost everywhere, thanks
to the rawhide strings with which they
are plentifully provided. Thus a couple
of antelope, or a brace of young deer, or
a big buck can be carried behind the sad
dle with perfect ease. Both ranch men
and cow boys habitually spend their days
in the very costume in which they hunt
broad hat, flannel shirt, trousers tucked
into top boots. In Winter the biting
gales render it necessary to take to fur
caps and coats, great mittens and the
warmest wool lined shoes. Leathern
overall.*, or “shaps” (the cow boy abbre
viation for the Spanish word chapar.-.jos)
are very useful when riding through
thorns or to keep out the wet. The
same blankets and bedding that are tak
en on a round up of course do for a hunt
ing expedition. Though we have a tent,
we do not often use it, shielding our
selves from wet weather by sleeping under
the canvas wagon sheet. The cooking
utensils need not be very numerous—a
kettle and a frying pan, a Dutch oven, so
called, and a half dozen tin plates and
cups, with knives and forks, make up
the not over extensive assortment. Flour,
bacon, salt, sugar, and tea or coffee are
the only provisions that need be taken
along. Os course I am now speaking
merely of short trips made from the
ranch. If we make longer ones, such as
an expedition after bear and elk to the
Big Horn mountains, which would take
a couple of months, we would need to
make much more ample preparations.—
Outing.
Why Steam Boilers Explode.
A boiler explodes because it is not able
to withstand the pressure to which it is
at the time subjected. This condition
of weakness may be caused by any one of
a number of causes, as follows: 1. Bad
design, as when the boiler has not been
properly strengthened by stays and
braces; or a deficient water space pre
vents the proper circulation of the water.
2. Bad workmanship, the riveting or
other workmanship having been done
hastily, or by incompetent workmen. 3.
1 Bad material, blisters in the plate, etc.
Excessive pressure, caused by recklessness
' of the engineer, or by defective steam
gauges or inoperative safety valve. 5.
Overheating of the plates, caused by
carelessness of the engineer in allowing
the water supply to get low and then
pumping in upon the too greatly heated
plates. 6. Accumulation of scale, mud,
or other deposit, which prevents the wa-
I ter gaining access to the iron. This
causes the seams to leak and the crown
sheet to bulge or come down, and when
this occurs the boiler is in a very danger
ous condition, liable to explode at any
time. There is really no mystery about
boiler explosions; they are always caused
by one or more of the above causes. If
all boilers were of good design, workman
i ship and material, an! were managed by
none but sober, intelligent and experi
enced engineers, such a thing as a boilei
explosion would be almost unknown. —
Inter- O.ean.