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AGRICULTURAL.
DANIEL LEE, EC. D., Editor.
SATURDAY MAT 88,1559.
introductory remarks.
In assuming the editorial duties of the agri
cultural department of a new paper, it is due to
its readers and the public that I state briefly the
policy to be pursued, and the objects to be at
tained.
It is my purpose to make the Southern' Field
exceedingly fruitful, every way pleasant and re
liable, and at all times creditable alike to the
intelligence and the dignity of Southern agricul
ture. The light of experience will be used with
care and caution to point out the errors of the
past, and to illuminate the path of the future. In
telligent men of close observation, whose lives are
happily devoted to the practice of tillage, hus
bandry and wise farm economy, will lend their
valuable aid to give character and success to
this new enterprise. They will rejoice to culti
vate this unworn Southern Field, and thereby
greatly increase that knowledge, rural taste and
improvement, which are bettor than gold and
silver. The undeveloped treasures of the soil
and climate of the beautiful and prolific South,
will bo.studied with energy and devotion; and
it is believed that much may be done through
the medium of a weekly family paper, to dissem
inate correct views on all agricultural subjects,
keep alive a warm and generous interest in rural
progress, and secure to all, those higher advan
tages and attainments, which both elevate and
adorn society.
While connected with a monthly agricultural
journal, it was impossible for the undersigned to
reach the farming community through its pages
more than twelve times in a year. In this
weekly journal, the public judgment may be ap
pealed to in behalf of agricultural reform and
enlightenment, fifty-two times in twelve months.
One who has reached the down lull side of life,
and somehow feels that he has yet much to do
for the advancement of agriculture, may well
seek increased facilities for the accomplishment
of the work before him. It consists mainly in
separating truth from error; and in making the
former the common property of all.
Daniel Lee.
——> » » I
BEWARE OE HUMBUGS 14 HONEY BLADE
GRASS.”
A correspondent in Missouri informs the editor
of the Country Gentleman that the seed adver
tised as the “ Hungarian Honey Blade Grass,”
was purchased by its present proprietors last
fall in St. Louis, at fifty cents per bushel—the
same seed which they now advertise, put up in
bags stamped with the Hungarian coat of arms,
at nine dollars per bushel.
This German Millet has been cultivated in
central New York for many years; and the seed
recently brought to this country by inunigrants
differs in no respect, except in the want of accli
mation, from that introduced into the valley of
the Mohawk by early Dutch and German set
tlers. The writer has been familiar with it as a
forage plant, and with its seed as food for hogs,
from his boyhood. It is well worth cultivation;
although the seed is less valuable per bushel
than corn.
—
MILDEW, RUST AND SMUT ON WHEAT AND
OATS.
It was not until after botanists and other sci
entific observers had come into the possession of
microscopes, that they learned the true nature
and mode of propagation of these most destruc
tive parasitic fungi. It is somewhat difficult for
farmers to believe that rust, smut and mildew are
real plants, which grow on cereals and other
grasses, and blight and blast their seeds, by
withdrawing and appropriating to their own use
those nutritive juices out of which all seeds are
formed. Yet, the large misletoe that grows on
trees is no more a parasite than that species of
wheat mildew known by the name of “ rust,’’
(uredo mbigo ,) and those other species called
‘•smut " (uredo segetem and uredo fatida.) Fun
gals, whether microscopic or as large as mush
rooms, differ widely in their anatomical struc
ture and habits from vascular plants of a more
advanced organization and functional develop
ment. Cryptogamie botany has become a dis
tinct branch of science, in which those fungi
most injurious to the farmer, gardener and fruit
grower, form an interesting department. Mil
dew on grapes and other fruit, is hardly less
known than rust on grain, cotton, and the leaves
and stems of Irish potatoes. All plants and all
animals, winch are not themselves parasites, ap
pear to be subject to the seemingly unpleasant
dilemma of nourishing other plants and other
animals, by their blood or other fluids. Life is
built on life until millions of living germs spring
from one, which may be too small to be seen by
the naked eye.
There are several varieties of rust, differing in
color and in the form of their spores. The most
common is of a light red, and resembles the rust
of iron, from which circumstance it takes its
name. The spores, or reproductive germs of this
variety, are said to be spherical 1 "Another vari
ety has a darker ccAor and oval spores. It is
not, however, necessary that we study nice bo
tanical distinctions in organs which can only be
seen by a good microscope. The fact is gener
ally known that the epidermis, or outer covering
of the leaves of forest trees, and of the leaves
and stems of grain and grasses, abound in small
apertures, called stomata. Through these pores
much water is evaporated into the atmosphere,
which operates to keep up, as a general rule,
the flow of sap or water from the fertile soil to
the loaves of trees and of smaller plants, and
thus supply them ■with all needful nutriment.
But plants require a great deal of water; and
sometimes much more than the parched earth
can furnish. To lessen this deficiency of mois
ture, when th? air around plants is damp, or not
S*K SOUSKJSRW ffXS&B Il» 9XRKBXDX.
dry, these millions of stomata, or moutlis, open
and freely imbibe water —a fimetion which, is
strikingly favored by a high dew point in a hu
mid atmosphere. While these open mouths in
the epidermis on the leaves and culms of wheat,
oats, and other cereals, are imbibing vapor, or
dew, in the cool of the morning, the living germs
of grain mildew, or rust, enter freely and attach
themselves to the pores in the cells below the
cuticle ’of the plant upon whose juices they are
to prey and wax fat. A dry atmosphere, and
an unclouded sun, so destroy mere dew-formed
rust on wheat, that little or no injury results from
it. But one or more days of warm, cloudy, and
“muggy” weather, give these parasites such a
growth tliat cool, clear and bright weather will
only check their development. Grass, weeds,
law grounds, and even stout crops, favor humid
ity in air, and therefore promote
the attacks of all kinds of mildew. Damp linen
and cotton goods often mildew; but if dry, and
kept in a dry place, nothing like mildew is ever
seen. Mould, which is a plant of the same char
acter, grows luxuriantly in a damp atmosphere,
on leather shoes, bread, cheese, milk, beer, and
on nearly all organised substances. Plants so
largely dependent on atmospheric humidity for
their multiplication as the parasitic fungi, must
have a rapid growth and early maturity, or they
would soon become wholly extinct They are
thus endowed; and when the weather favors
them, neither art nor science is able to arrest
their almost miraculous extension over all fields
of cultivated crops adapted by nature to their
subsistence. Wheat and oats, however, grow
ing on limestone land, usually have more silica
or flint in their stems, and a bright straw, which
is less favorable to the growth of rust than the
same crops on land comparatively free from lime.
Lime, and the alkalies, potash, soda and ammo
nia, promote the solution of flint in rain water
to strengthen the culms of all cereals. The wa
ter passes through their vessels and cells, and
escapes into the air, leaving flint behind. Hence,
draining to remove all excess of moisture from
the ground and the air above it, and liming with
tliin seeding and horsc-hoing, to keep the plants
cultivated, clear of grass and weeds, are the
remedies now most successfully practiced in
England, Scotland, and on the continent of Eu
rope.
The spores, or germs of the fungus called
“ smut,” find their way into the blighted seeds
of wheat and oats in a different manner. They
are sown with the seed, and adhere to the sur
face of the grain when put into the ground.
Hence, all seed wheat and oats ought to be
thoroughly washed in strong lime water, or in a
solution of bluestone or copperas, to kill the germs
of the smut-fungus, and then dried in recently
slaked lime, before sowing. If the rust-fungus
could be destroyed as readily, it would be worth
indefinite millions to the country; but, unfortu
nately, we have no means of killing the ’germs
of this parasite.
Vitality takes up its abode in almost a mathe
matical point when it isolates itself in a smut
cell on a seed of wheat, so inconceivably minute
that this living cell enters an open pore in the
root of a wheat plant, as if it were a particle
of pure water, ascends through tubes almost
infinitely small to the head of the plant, and
finally passes through the still smaller apertures
in the cells that surround the forming germ of
wheat, which is to be utterly blasted, and give
place and being to a mass of black, unctuous and
poisonous fungi. How mysterious and wonder
ful are the operations of Nature! "Without the
seeds of grasses, and especially cereals, man,
and all the higher orders of animals, would most
likely perish. “All flesh is grass”; of which
the seeds of wheat, oats, maise, and rice, are
certainly not the least valuable. Why, then,
should thousands of species of insects, and un
known tribes of miscroscopic plants, devour the
daily bread of man. which he is willing to cat in
the sweat of his face ? Wheat mildew, or blight,
has produced more famines in the world than all
other causes combined. At another time we
will trace its history from remote antiquity. The
literature of grain-culture is far more curious,
and elevating, to both young and old, than the
monotonous story of human wars and vulgar
dynasties. Nature is as infinite in beauty as in
variety; and every cultivator of the soil should
be a naturalist, and a close student of his honor
able calling.
That the Rubigo of the Romans was the same
as the nist in our own times is easily shown.—
Virgil in the first book of his Georgies, says:
“Mox et frumentis labor additus: et mala
cuhnos esset Rubigo.”
The student will see that the “ evil Rubigo ”
affects the “culms” of the plant, just as rust
now does. See HORACE_Carminum liber. 3, ode
23, for the following words; “ Fiecuuda vitis,
nec sterilem seges Rubigem,” Ac.
See, also, Flint, lib. 18, cap. 28 et 29: Histo
ry of Plants. Schxeider’s Scriptorum Re: Rus
tics?, VoL 1, part 2, page 246. The festival, en
titled Rubigalia , was instituted by Numa in the
eleventh year of his reign, and 704 years before
the birth of Christ. It was celebrated annually
on the 25th of April on the Claudian way, at the
time when rust, or the Rubigo, generally first
made its appearance. The following is nearly a
literal translation of the prayer addressed by the
priest to the Rubigus Deus:
“Oh! blightning Rubigo, spare the wheat plants,
“And let the ear wave gently over the surface of the
earth;
“Suffer the crops which have been nourished by the pro
pitious,
“Stars of Heaven, to grow until they become fit for the
sickle.
“Thine is no small power: the crops thou bast marked,
“ The dispirited cultivator reckons aS" lost.
“Neither winds nor showers so much injure the wheat,
“Neither when bitten by the frost does it acquire a hue
“As if the Sun fervently heats the moist stalls:
“Then, oh! dread Divinity, is the opportunity for thy
wratb:
“Be merciful, I pray, and withhold your rusting hand
from the crops;
“Nor harm the cultivated land; it is sufficient to be able
to harm.”
The ideas advanced in the above prayer, which
was written some twenty-six hundred years ago,
differ but little as to the character of this grain
blight from the popular notions of onr own time.
Last year, a writer in the Southern Homestead.
started the mistaken opinion that rust on oats
is caused by a small insect: and we have had
smut heads of wheat sent to us in which the
fungus seeds contained minute black bugs, called
by fanners ‘‘smut bugs.'’ It was confidently
asserted that these insects caused the malady in
the grain; as others are said to produce mst —
All such ideas are entirely erroneous. Subsist
ing on rich food, fungals are generally full of the
elements of muscle and nerve which are required
alike by all animals. Hence, whether mush
roons growing on rich land, or parasites living
on the elaborated fluids of cereals, this class of
plants is so eagerly eaten by animals as to poi
son many, not excepting man himself. Cattle,
deer, and hogs, often suffer from the consump
tion of poisonous agarics. Insects flourish best
on aliment that would prove fatal to most warm
blooded animals. A little rust or smut on straw
fed to stock, or on oats and wheat, cannot do se
rious injury; but taken in large doses these fungi
are known to prove fatal. The masses of smut
fungi, often seen in harvesting corn, ought al
ways to Ixs cut or broken off and kept clear of
food for man or beast.
NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE.
There is no error, relating to agriculture, more
general, both at the North and South, and few
moro injurious to the whole country, than the
notion that slave labor and planting industry are
more impoverishing to the soil than free labor
would be in the same climate. In the first num
ber of the Journal of the United States Agricul
tural Society—edited, published, and sterreo
typed by the writer—on page 19 may Ixs found
the following remarks, copied from the “Pro
ceedings of the Massachusetts Board of Agri
culture”: “Although there have been added
to the lands under improvemeiU since 1840, in
the State, more than three hundred thousand
acres, and although the upland and other mow
ing lands have been increased more than ninety
thousand acres, or nearly fifteen per cent, yet
the hay crops have increased only about three
per cent, showing a relative diminution of twelve
per cent; and although the tillage lands have
been increased more than forty thousand acres
in the same period, yet there has been no in
crease in the grain crops, but an absolute dimin
ution of more than six hundred thousand bushels;
and although the pasturage lands liave been in
creased more than one hundred thousand acres,
yet there has been scarcely any augmentation of
neat cattle, while in sheep there has been a re
duction of more than one hundred and sixty
thousand, and in swine of more than seventeen
thousand.”
Massachusetts has a flourishing agricultural
society in every county; abounds in excellent
froo schools, in cities and villages, so that every
farmer has a reliable market at his door for all
lie can raise to sell ; anti, at the same time, those
cities and villages give him far greater facilities
for obtaining manure to keep up the fertility of
his land, often a mere garden watch, than South
ern planters possess. State «uUiatics. however,
prove that the old colonial habit of wearing out
the virgin soil still predominates in the Bay
State. The large addition of 300,000 acres to
its improved land, in place of augmenting its
annual crops of grain and its live stock, kept on
pastures and meadows, was followed by a dimi
nution of both. Free labor, home markets and
small farms, are not sufficient to prevent the im
poverishment of farming lands. But to place
this truth beyond the reach of a reasonable
doubt, we will briefly cite facts drawn from the
statistics of New York and Ohio.
In 1845, as chairman of the committee on ag
riculture, the writer drew up a bill with sched
ules annexed, for collecting the agricultural sta
tistics of New York that year, in a more search
ing manner than had ever been done before.—
Some of the results of this census may be found
in the Patent Office Report for 1849, from which
we copy, (pages 25 and 20:)
“ In an exceedingly interesting work, entitled
1 American Husbandry,’ published in London in
1775, the following remarks may lie found on
page 98, Yol 1: ‘ Wheat in many parts of the
province (New York) yields a larger produce
than is common in England. Upon good lands
about Albany, where the climate is the coldest
in the country, they sow two bushels and better
upon an acre, and reap from twenty to forty; the
latter quantity, however, is not often had, but
from twenty to thirty are common; and with
such bad husbandry as would not yield the like
in England, and much less in Scotland. This is
owing to the richness and freshness of the
land.’”
“According to the State census of 1845, Al
bany county now produces only seven and a
half bushels of wheat per acre, although its
farmers are on tide water, and near the capital
of the State, with a good home market, and pos
sess every facility for procuring the most valua
ble fertilizers. Dutchess county, also on the
Hudson river, produces only five bushels per
acre; Columbia six bushels: Rensselaer eight.
Westchester seven; which is higher than the
average of soils that once returned larger crops
than the wheat lands of England, even with bad
husbandry. Fully to renovate the eight million
acres of partially exliausted lands in the State
of New York will cost at least an average of
twelve dollars and a half per acre, or an aggre
gate of one hundred million dollars.”
The statistics of Ohio show that, where thirty
five bushels of wheat once grew per acre, thir
teen bushels are the present average. The sta
tistics of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wiscon
sin differ in no respect from those of Ohio, New
York and Massachusetts. With volumes of
official returns made by farmers themselves, be
fore us, all corroborating the statements already
cited, how can one who searches only for the
truth, avoid the conclusion that the impoverish
ment of the soil in the United States is peculiar
to no section, and wholly independent of both
slave labor and free labor ? To add four million
laborers to the industrial force of the South can
do no greater harm to Southern agriculture than
a like addition of laborers lias done to Northern
agriculture. In the present state of society,
whether North, South, in Europe, Asia, or
Africa, it is impracticable to separate everything
that is good in tillage and good husbandry, from
everything tliat is bad. Considered as a whole.
Southern agriculture is fully equal to that of the
North, and beats the world in the production of
cotton. Having, however, five hundred million
acres of wild, uncultivated land, the South must
have more laborers before she will fairly begin
to develop her vast material resources. Rail
roads cannot plow, sow, nor reap; they cannot
work mines, nor build and sail ships. Men must
do this work.
But with the population we already possess )
and their natural increase, it is our purpose to
show in future numbers of this paper that it is
quite practicable to render both our land and our
labor far more productive and valuable than they
now are. Every possible improvement in South
ern agrieculture will be considered, so far as it is
known; and suggestions having that object in
view are respectfully solicited from our readers.
We must learn to make our uncultivated old fields
yield us a good income, from the live stock which
they support In tliis way, millions of acres of
impoverished soil may be rendered more fruitful
than they ever were, and become objects of in
terest and pride to every friend of human pro
gress. By carefully studying the climate and
soil of the sunny South, and adapting our hus
bandry and tillage to the great requirements of
nature, we shall speedily achieve success and
honorable distinction. A kind Providence has
done much for us; let us now prove to the world
what we are both able and willing to do for our
selves. Our conquest ovej the elements of hu
man food and raiment has hardly commenced;
for we have hardly begun to investigate the in
finitely wise laws which govern the elements of
all crops, and the vitality in every cultivated
plant, and in every domesticated animal. In all
nations, and in all districts, one may trace the
impoverisliment of farming lands to a lack of
sound principles in domestic and rural economy.
Wherever a knowledge of these principles does
not exist, whether in Europe or America, in New
York or Georgia, the bad effects of this lack of
scientific information are as visible as the sun at
noon day to one who sees things as God has made
them. Agricultural wisdom consists in learning
the wisodm of Him who has created the natural
fruitfulness of the earth we inhabit, and com
manded man to eat bread in the sweat of his face.
All cultivators of the soil, no matter where they
live, must learn obedience to duty. This is no
idle abstraction, but a fundamental agricultural
truth. Man owes something to his mother earth
that yields him bread, meat, fuel, luscious fruits,
and clothing, when he tills the ground; and not
to pay this debt is at once brutal, mean, and
rebellion against his Maker. Man cannot possi
bly enjoy, in perpetuity, all the blessings of civ
ilization, and at the same time evade the perorfm
anee of those great duties Imposod by his elevated
condition. Bnites, in a state of nature, nowhere
impoverish the soil which supports them; nor
does the savage, while he remains such. But
let him rise into g higher state of social comfort
and existence, as a gardener and farmer, and he
has many things to study and learn (hlly to meet
all the new wants which grow out of his ele
vated sphere of action. A large increase of
knowledge has now become not a matter'of
choice, but a stern necessity. A savage system
of agriculture, whether practiced in Massachu
setts or South Carolina, renders the land so treat
ed poorer than it was when Indian savages alone
occupied this part of North Araorica. Perverted
industry is far worse than no industry, if long
continued; for it ultimately destroys the life and
value of all its subjects. The amount of human
labor which is worse than thrown away would
soon transform the inhabited parts of the globe
into something like a paradise, if wisely directed.
The right use of all agricultural labor would
make every rood of land under human control
more productive in all coming time than nature
formed it Instead of exhausting, or even im
pairing the original fertility of a field, its capacity
for the support of mankind would increase about
as fast as population. The most prominent error
in both Southern and Northern agriculture is the
habit of running over with the plow about twice
the surface that the cultivator is able to till prop
erly. Just so fast as the people learn the true
principles of husbandry, they appreciate the ad
vantages of working rich land rather than that
which is poor. If the latter cannot be made rich
then one had better work at some other calling
than the unrequited cultivation of a barren soil-
True agricultural progress implies a steady gain
in the fruitfulness of every field, by making the
raw materials of crops deeper and more abundant
from year to year. Few men, in any part of the
United States, understand the art of wisely accu
mulating capital in long cultivated ground; and
this is the true reason why so few attempt to
practice it. Science and more extended observa
tion are showing that it is both profitable and
every way desirable, to give to the earth such a
quantity of the elements of crops as will add two,
three, and often four fold to the annual harvests
which unassisted nature would yield. The raw
material actually consumed in making a bale of
cotton, when grown on an acre of land, should
be as familiar while yet in the soil, and in the
atmosphere, to every planter, as cotton itself. It
is only by understanding the things that form ou r
great Southern staples that we can hope to a A,u '
mutate the elements of fertility, needful ir eve T
soil, in the most economical way. If c«*° n i 00111
and wheat are money, so also are t l ** substances
that make cotton, com and whee*
Misfortune. — when it crushes a
great soul, is a thunder*®* destroying a temple.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, THE WlfoßT, \
FARMER.
We lmve the satisfaction of laying before the <
readers of the Southern Field and Fireside, a let
ter never before published, of that great man
who was “ first in peace, first in war, and first
in the heart’s of his countrymen.” • '
For this privilege we are indebted to the
courtesy of Mrs. Thomas Gardner, Bay street,
Augusta, who has the original in the bold, clear
and legible autograph of the immortal author.
It is on letter paper, seven and a half pages. It « 1
was given to its present owner, who holds it in
priceless value, by her friend, the late Mr. ;
Gueathmet, of Norfolk, Va., who married a
grand-daughter of Mr. Howell Lewis, the
nephew of Gen. Washington, to whom it is
addressed. Mr. Lewis was at the time a young
man, and liad the charge of his Uncle’s exten- i
sive and well managed farms at Mt Vernon.
We publish this letter, not to gratify a pru
rient curiosity as to “the inner life ” of Wash
ington, the farmer, but for the salutary and )
most useful lessons it teaches. It is a volume of
valuable thought and instruction to the agricul- <
turists of the South. Every planter and farmer
should read it. He should read, mark and in
wardly digest It discloses the secret of Wash
ington’s great success in that peaceful and noble
calling in which he so much delighted. It shows
system, a lucid order, close economy, and accu
racy of accounts, even to the minutest things.
It shows a desire to improve on past ideas by
careful experiments. It shows tireless vigilance
in supervising each department of business,
guarding against neglect and waste, and holding
each person in his employment to a just respon
sibility.
This letter was written while Washington
was President, and at Philadelphia, immersed in
affairs of State. How marvellous that then and
there, with all the cares of the Young Republic
on his mind, at this most exciting period in the
world's history, he should have found time for
such close and skillful attention to his farming
operations 1
Men who thus understand the value of time,
of method, of accuracy—men who truly appre
ciate the importance of minute attention to busi
ness, have in them the sure elements of success
in all their aims. They are the born rulers of
the world. *
To Correspondents.
A communication from Mr. LaTaste, on En
tomology', and others, are unavoidably deferred,
and will appear in our next issue. Letters rela
ting to the condition of the crops, their cultiva
tion, and other agricultural topics, are respect
fully solicited.
BPECLAX*RKPORT
Os the Superintendent of the Virginia Military
Institute on Scientific Education in Europe.
The above is a pamphlet of seventy pages
principally from the pen of Col. Smith, who has
been several months in Europe to visit and study
their scientific and educational institutions, from
which much information of equal interest and
value was obtained. Hitherto the systematic
cultivation of th» natural and exact"sciences has
been sadly neglected in this country. ; and the
Report of CoL Smith, with the suggestions of
Major Gilham, is calculated to promote a much
needed reform. Considerable space is given to the
important matter of agricultural education. The
South has too long overlooked the duty of giving
to overseers and young planters greater facilities
to learn the true principles of agriculture.
RECIPES.
Two pounds of Milestone (sulphate of copper)
dissolved in three gallons of hot water Is the
quantity used by the wheat growers in England
to kill the smut on eight bushels of wheat. The
water is sprinkled on the grain as the latter is
shoveled over, so as to wet the whole mass alike.
In tliis country most farmers put their seed
wheat into a solution of Milestone. If kept in
brine of any kind too long, the germs of the
wheat will be killed.
How to Obtain Good Lye for Soap. —To every
barrel of ashes use a peek of recently slaked
lime placed on pine straw, broomsedge, or some
thing of the kind, in the bottom of the barrel
or ash-hopper; .so that the water which has
passed through the ashes will percolate through
the lime before it is boiled for making soap. If
the lye is too weak, it should be evaporated be
fore the grease is added.
fST* Correspondents will bear in mind that all
letters on business should be addressed to the
Publisher of the Field and Fireside, and all let
ters and communications intended for the Lit
erary and Agricultural Departments, should be
addressed to the respective Editors.
Clark County Agricultural Society. —The
enterprising fanners of Clark county, Geocj lß ,
have recently organized a county agric'dural
society, and raised between three four <
thousand dollars to purchase and improve fair
grounds, and place the societv-m a permanent
basis. Col. John Billups w* 1 * chosen President,
and Captain W. H. Secretary.
It is hoped that W cultivators of the soil
generally at the So* 4 * will follow tliis example.
Mildew in tMS Gooseberry.— Professor Berk
ley, the gr«d cryptogamic Botanist, says of the .
goose be r/ mildew: “Our American friends
should mke a lesson from the grape mildew in
bejolf of their gooseberries. As the disease in
ys first stage, like the grape mildew, is an Odi
um, there is every reason to believe that the
same treatment will have similar results, and as i
sulphur (at least sublimed sulphur) property ap
plied, is a sure remedy in the one case, we have
no doubt about its efficacy in the other. We
have in Great Britain an allied Fungus which
attacks gooseberries. It seldom, however, does ,
any material injury, and never assumes the dense
matted form of the Spcerotheca. t
5