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Cjf* €mpxt SMait. ~~ WEDNESDAY MORIING™Z..JANITAR V 10, 1856. Annual Sessions. The Senate of Georgia has passed a bill for altering the Constitution so as to provide for annual sessions of the Legislature. We are ruly gratified at this result, and trust that the House of Representatives will pass the bill with the same unanimity, as did the Senate. There are some features in the Bill however, which we would have had otherwise. The time of each session is limited, with the power in the Legislature of protracting its sessions beyond the specified limit, provided two thirds of both branches, believe it expedient. S his we fear will defeat one of the grand objects contemplated by the advocates of the eh mure, viz. shortening the sessions, and we fear that it will be difficult to elect a body of men, •••hose patriotism will triumph over persona! ••rmsidor atious, and bring each session to a speedy close. The power now confided to the Governor to convene the Legislature at any time, when the pubic exigencies demand it, would have been a protection against any detriment I'ke'v to be received by the Commonwealth on ac count of a forced adjournment. Hence, wo are decidedly of the opinion that the limits of the sessions, should have had no conditions or qualifications. In another respect we consider the bill objectionable, and that is the c mtiuna. tion of biennial elections. These should have been annual as well as the sessions of the Legislature. A frequent return of the power vested in the rulers of a free Government, to the hands of the people, whence it emanated is a sound maxim in political matters The Representative feels more sensibly the weight of the responsibility resting on him, when he knows that his nets soon must pass in judge ment before his constituents. The frequent recurrence of elections, was objected to by Senators, on account of the agitation and ex citement consequent thereon. This objection ■we coneieve to be more specious than real True, excitement to a greater or less extent its the inevitable consequence of elections, in a government where every free man is a sovereign, and has a right to speak and vote as seemeth fit to him. But we are not prepared to admit that such excitement is deleterious to the body politic. On the other hand we fully concur in the sentiments expressed by the Senators from Green and Habersham, that repose is the offspring of despotism. Agita tion to a reasonable extent, has the effect of purifying the political atmosphere,enlightening the public mind, and producing healthy action in all the machinery of Government. Hence we sho uld much prefer to sec onr elections or members of the Legislature held an-, fnually. But we prefer the change proposed even in its present form to existing arrange ments. And though it is not al! that we would have it, yet in asmuch as it is a step towards a much needed reform, we hail it as the harbinger of better laws, better legisla ture, better times, and more economy in the public expenditures Wliat‘s to be ulouel This question is often propounded, by those who feel an interest in the unprecedented struggle now going on in the Representative branch of our National Legislature We are not prepared to answer, “what will be done,” but we can say in a very few words, what we think ought to be done, and that is, that Con gress should adjourn, and that speedily It would be truly a matter of congratulation to the people of the Country if the present Con gress, never does organize. Composed as the majority of the present !T of 11. is of men elected under pledges in some sect ions to make war upon the South, and in other sections to make war upon the religious opinions of a portion of our fellow citizens, what but evil could Ire expected from such a body, when invested with full powers to legislate upon these all important subjects ? Let the present members res’gn and go home to their consti tuents, anti we apprehend that it would be a 1 long time before such another set, would be! returned. Attempts have been made in certain quarters to throw the responsibility of the present state of things upon the Dem ocratic members. Well let them take the responsibility. If 13 men can check mate 140, and prevent them from doing mischief, we think they are entitled to the gratitude of the Country. It is most ridiculous on the part of the so called, Fuller men to expect the 13 Democrats to come over to them, numbering about 30, and to elect a man almost as objcct tionablc to them as Banks. We rejoice to learu that Richardson’s friends still eland firm. We hope they will continue to do so, and never yield to the heterogenous party now seeking to control that branch of the Govern ment. Arthur's Home Magazine. The February number of this deservedly popular periodical reached our Sanctum a few days since, and it has received our special attention. The high reputation of this month ly Journal, is fully sustained by the present number. It is replete with matter, instructive as well as entertaining, and will no doubt be perused with pleasure by the thousands of its readers all over the country.. No family should be without it. Price $2,00 a year in advance. Judge of The Flint Circuit. We published last week, the card of Judge Stark, announcing . to the people of this Judicial District, his resignation of the Judge ship, which he has held for the last six years. But one feeling seems to pervade the minds of the people of the Circuit, in thus losing the able services of Judge Stark, and that is one of deep regret. During the time of his ad ministration, he has succeeded in winning for himself the good will, and kind feelings of all with whom he was brought in contact in the discharge of his official duties. Asa man and a citizen, Judge Stark is deservedly popular, and as a Jurist ho lias few equals in the State. As an evidence of the high appre ciation of his merits, by his constituents, at the last regular election, in a district where his political party were in a minority of five or six hundred, he was elected by a majority of over one thousand votes. The pressing nature of private interests have led him into retire ment, and he will resume the practice of his profession. The good wishes, of the great I body of his fellow citizens, will go with him, ; for his success and prosperity. Gov. Johnson, ! has appointed Col. G. J. Green to fill the j vacancy, which cannot be filled by election till the first Monday in an nary 1851. Col. ; Green is well and favorably known throughout the circuit ns an able and profound lawyer,and ; amiable gentleman, and his appointment, in our opinion, will give general satisfaction to the people of the circuit. The Holly Tree lisbs. V> e wer favored a few days since, with a copy of ‘• !>■ kens New Christmas and New A r's- to; y tor 185 G,” under the above title. Cha les Dielo ns, the author of the “Pick ; wick” papers, and a thousand other popular works, has a world while fume, as an author, : ins reputation being only bounded by the bunts of civilization. This recent publication, I ‘bin a hasty glance at its contents, is cheap lus dirt at tne price, 12 1-2 cents for a single | 1 °py, sent to any one ordering it, free of postage Published by T. B. Peterson, Philadelpha. *e a o rww Mts:*t.c. Through the politeness of Prof. G. H. ; Briggs we lur e received several pieces of j “ uslCjfromthe House of He-srs Firth Pond & Cos. To 1 franklin Square, N Y. This is one of j the most extensive M usic establishments in the United States, and the character of the firm I as long been established, for integritv, and correct dealing. AVyisaais,tlie VenGHloqvti-t and Magi cian. This talented necromancer, after an elapse | °f about four years, appeared among us last week, j and gave us two of his unique exhibitions. IS is i circuit (judging from the time intervening between each visit,) must bo an extensive one. He per i formed to crowded bouses, and had he remained a month, we doubt not lie would have been as well j patronized. lie left here for Atlanta, Marietta, and other towns on that road. Success to him. * s * Messrs. Trippe nssd Foster. ! TCc refer our readers to the speech of Mr. Caru : there, a Whig member of Congress, from Missou ri* “ nich may be found on the first page of our pre . sent issue. Ibe people of Georgia can there see the category in which two of their honorable rep resentatives have placed themselves in voting for Fuller, for Speaker. Pennington votes for Banks, Fuller votes for Pennington, and r l rippe and Fos ter \ ote for I idler. \\ hat a beautiful concatena tion for a southern man to be found in ! Co*. J. T. Whitaker. r I he professional card of this gentleman will be j found in our advertising columns to-day. Colonel i Whitaker has for man j- years been devoted to the practice of the Law, and enjoys the well deserved 1 reputation of a sound lawyer, faithful advocate, j and amiable gentleman. Snow. On Saturday morning we were visited with | another fail of snow, and the earth is again cloth ed in a white mantle. The weather vet contin -1 ues very cold, and our “oldest inhabitant” often reiterates the opinion, that the present is the se verest winter ever experienced by him in this lati tude. Gcoi* i;i Citizen. Dr. Andrews, tin* Editor and Proprietor of the Citizen, < tiers for sale one half, or the whole of the establishment. V-. e doubt not, that a good invest ment may be made in this property, and that a man with the necessary means, talents and energy, might turn them all to good account, by embarking in tins enterprise. t\ o should like very much to I sec the batteries of tips political fortress, turned against the Know Nothings, with the same zeal I and power it has hereto fnro warred upon the Demo : cratic thirty. Candidates for STesidrut and Vice President. The'last issue of the Democratic Expositor lias at the head of its columns the names of Franklin Pierce for President, and Howell Cobb for Vice President., subject to the decision of the National Democratic Convention. A good ticket, and one which we should take pleasure in supporting. Colton’s Ma> of -tie World. Mr. C. C. Kellogg is now in our city for the purpose of proc wing subscribers for the above na med work. Mr. K. exhibited to us a copy of the first volum , which surpasses in [ oint of finish and elegance, anything which we ! aw heretofore seen. The second volume will be forthcoming some time this spring, ffe commend the work to the patro nage of our fellow citizens. BsS=llon. A. Iverson, lion. Howell Cobb, and Hon. It. P. Trippe, will accept our thanks for in teresting Public Documents. Fire in Waynesboro’.— The court house in Waynesboro’was destroyed by tire on Thursday night, together with all, or nearly all, the papers and records in the various offices connected with the building. The residence of Mr. S. A. Gray in which the post office was kept, as well as Mr. Gray’s store, and the law offices of Berrien Jones and of Jones & Btarges, were all consumed. We may receive by the next mail an authentic account of the disaster. — Daily Atlanta Examiner. Americans Slsonkl Rii3e America, If they can This was the war cry of the Iv .N. party during the canvass of the late elec tion . To this they rallied, and thousands of hon est unsuspecting voters were lured into their dark lantern councils, by a belief in flic hon esty and sincerity of those -who made this wonderful declaration. But how stands the reality. They succeeded in getting control of the 11. of Rep. of the United >tatef-f*ongre*S the only department of the’ general govern ment'in which they have any material strength and have been making unsuccessful efforts, for nearly two months past to elect a speaker.— They have spent two hundred thousand dol lars in this fruitless attempt at organiza tion, and though the r motto has been ‘Arner , ienns shall rule America/ yet they have ■ proved themselves utterly incapal le of doing . so. They split into two factions at once, both of which assumed to each other an op position inflexible and inexorable as death it self, and have thus proved to the world, they are wlioly unfit to be intrusted with the pow ers of the Government, and dissipated tiie hopes of those who had been deceived into a belief that Americans (Know Nothings) were the only people who can rule America.’ Wc say too, let Americans rule America, us they have always done heretofore, but Good Lord deliver us from such a set of A men: cans, as now constitute the majority in the tl. of Rev. of the United Slates. The subjoined waif was picked up a few days since on “Lover’s Road,” not a thousand miles from our office. We commend it to the perusal of those desiring to improve in this department of epistolary writing : Barxesvii.le, Ga., Nov. 22, 1855. Miss Respected Friend : Alas ! I must confess my disappointment and the sadness with which J am encumbered in being so badly deceived in regard to the very favorable opinion I formed of you from a very limited aeqaintance. And yet more sad am 1 to think that I have tendered you • my second address, with a request that you would either reply or return them. As yht they have remained in the mist of obscurity to me. Such disappointment as this, causes a thousand recollec tions and anticipations to rush like g. torrent upon my mind. By little things we gain a glimpse to the inner temple, far towards: shaping human destiny. I tliank kind Providence that I have an car to hear and a heart to overcome the many sad misfortunes with which life’s pathway is fraught. Though i do not possess thousands in stuck, or do not claim many acres of extensive domain, 1 have a character that is as far from blemish as the ma jority of the sops of Adam. I do not accuse you of any thing in this respect, nor do I intend to eulogize, but 1 wish mere!v to show you my position in the world. I Lave one friend upon whom mortal eye hath never gazed and shall ever try to yield with complacence to Ids Heavenly mandate, and live on that hope by which I have ever been supported, hope, aiul endeavor to look upon the past as a dream, from which I have just been aroused. My adoration has been in vain and may always be with you, for all I know, I am unable to say ; but I will make this my last re quest : that if you can viv.ik'i- degree of pleasure by withholding my notes, than you can by returning them, you are at liberty to retain them, by which I will subscribe myself Your deceived admirer, COMM UNICAT: I). J. M. Smith, His PucJ-aye Hi, C *vular >:i I jii- I'ac-i On the fourth <>t Dec. -55 there was a pack age of Circulars brought to t- s place bv the Rev. J. C Simons, [Presiding Elder] and ha (led it to a servant at the Hotel. v.Mh the re quest that the same should be delivered to the Land Lady in person, i hey were addressed to . and sent to many of the Married Ladies of the j lace, without their permission, and without regain! to the will, wish or knowl edge of their husbands. It would be prem it tire to say, that J. (.. Sunoiss (Elder/ knew wha the contents of the package w. iW “ Rut to the facts in the case, that the rentier may judge J. C. Simons is as I have learned, a brother-in law of the said Smith, and th t they lead not seen each other in fifteen years until very late ly; Simons brings the package and orders its delivery toi he Land-Lady in person, and rides on. Is it unfair, or ungenerous, to conclude that Simons, with his presumptive inquisi tiveness, knew Smiths occupation; and con sequently the contents of the package? If not why order its special deliver!/ ? Why protest against his accountability for Smith’s succsss ? Is it reasonable to suppose that Simons or any one else would receive a broth < r-in-iaw into his house after an absence of fif teen \cars without inquiring into hi. occupa lion and prospects in business? That he would not, is seif evident, unless he knew that the informali m would be appalling to hear, and i; too bnv to inquire after how culpable to be made the willing instrument in aiding and abetting such a demoralizing- occupation. That lie did know, and Was v.iliing to aid the said Smith in bis arrogaTß Quackery is in perfect keeping with many • f the Clergy as is proved by their frequent signatures to eve:y Quack Nostrum prseented to the public. What will bet! e decision of an impair ! Christian community-judging of the correctness and purity of its Clergy, when one is found in the above unenviable position, is yet to be seen, that a full, am! suhi-factory explanation will be demanded, cannot In doubled. Outlie reception of the above mentioned Circulars, many of tlie citizens of Zabulon met in the Court House, to take into consideration Smith’s reception, and after a. full investigation of his Circulars passed several resolutions condemning the wholesale demoralizing object of its Quaek isb pretender and denounci and the same as a humbug. A committee of live was then ap pointed to wait upon the Bogus i\) D. on his arrival and notify him to leave the place in thirty minutes, and in case of default to adopt some plan for his speedy dopar tire, which, it is probable would have been a blading nml a Hail Trot, with music, of IhcTitlpati order.— And should this meet the eve oU Smith; my advice to him is Take Warning ZEIUJ LON. Spiritualists in Congress.—]f Cray, Esq., Editor of the Cleveland Plaiudealei- and L’ost Mas ter ol that city, wlio has just returned home from ; V\ ushington, says, that about one-half of the mein-j hers- of tlie present Congress, are believers in the i lact, ol spirit manifestations ami intercourse.’—’ Spiritual Telegraph. ) \ I For the Empire State, Tit© Atsuospiies'e. BY GEORGE ir. BRIGGS. X rubor ‘2. ater also exists in the atmosphere, in the form of an elastic fluid. This fluid is found to form, at a temperature of 50 degrees Farenheit, about one filtecnth of the volume of the atmosphere in the dnest time in summer, und is increased with the increase of temperature, heat accelerating the evaporation of moisture from the earth’s surface, wheil the temperature of the air is diminished, the aqueous fluid is condensed, and appears in the at mosphere in the form of vapor or clouds, and is copiously deposited in summer in the form of dew. This water is retained principally in the lower re gions of the atmosphere. It is so slightly united with the elements of the atmosphere, that a change of temperature produces a change in its propor tions, whilst nitrogen, oxygen and carbonic acid preserves, always, nearly the same relative propor tions. Independently of those bodies which essentially constitute the atmosphere, says Chaptal, there are mingled in it the exhalations constantly arising from the earth ; these are again disengaged from the air, and precipitated, as soon as the heat, or any other cause which occasioned their accession, ceases to act upon air, by the carbonic acid gas. <tc., disengaged from animal and vegetable matters in a state of petrefacticn, and effect its purity. The oxygen and the water of the atmosphere be come impregnated with the particles of the exhala tions, which are deposited with them upon the sur faces of other bodies, when they remain in contact or.'enter into combination with them, ’/he origin and dissemination of many maladies maybe traced to tins source; the germ of them is carried through the air by the aqueous fluid. And for the same reason it is that intermittent fevers are endemic in those situations where large quantities of vegetable matter are undergoing decomposition, as upon the borders of ponds and marshes; and that the mias ma, which arises from numerous animal remains in a state of decomposition, become a fruitful source of disease. It is for the same reason, also danger ous, under some circumstances, to breath the even ing air; the aqueous fluid contained in it is loaded with noxious principles, which the heat of the sun, during the day, had caused to aseud into the at mosphere. The disagreeable odor, conveyed to us in mists is owing to the aqueous fluid in transmitting the exhalations arising from the earth. The manner in which the air con veys to us the perfume of plants and the odors which it contracts from the exhala tions ot bodies in a state of decomposition, indi cates clearly its influence in producing maladies, and stii! more plainly its power of propagating those that are contagious. According to the best authorities, a man inhales or takes into his lungs, from six to ten pints of air every respiration or breath. This air comes in contact with the blood in the lungs, and both the blood am] the air undergo a material change in consequence. and he blood imbibes a portion of the oxygen from the air, assumes a florid line, and acquires there by the power of supporting life, and is fitted to be come apart of the living animal. The air receives in return for the oxygen, or vital air,which it gives to the blood, about an .-qua! portion of carbonic acid, which vitiates it, and renders it unfit for fur ther respiration, or, if this vitiated or impure air ;s again respired, the blood becomes likewise vi tiated by its contact with if, and a!! its functions become mere or less disordered. Atmospheric air, as we have observed, contains a bout seventy-nine par Is of nitroeen, tiveni y-onc of oxygen, and nearly one of carbonic acid. A greater or less quantity of oxygen unfits it for healthy respiration, and cause, disorganization and dwoase m the animal system. When atmospheric air is inhaled upon the lungs it parts with eight or eight and a half per cent of its oxygen, and receives in return a like quantity, ol carbonic acid. Thus, atmospheric air becomes rapidly vitiated by being breathed,and is as speed by restored to its purity by healthy vegetation” winch takes up the carbonic acid, or decomposes it, and gives off’, or sets free, oxygen. According to ];r. linstock’s estimate, an average sized man consumes about forty five thousand cubic inches of carbonic acid, in twenty four hours. •flaking says Dr. Combe “the consumption of air at twenty inches, each breath, as a verv low estimate and rating the number of respirations at fifteen to a minute, no less than three hundred cu bic inches of air are required for the respiration of a single person. In the same space of time, t went v f°ur cubic inches of oxygen disappear, and are re placed by an equal amount of carbonic acid, so Inat in the course of an hour one pair of lungs will at a low estimate, vitiate the air by the abstrac tion oi no less than one thousand four hundred and forty iochc* of oxygen, and the addition ofan equal unmoor of carbonic acid, thus constituting a source of impurity which cannot with safety be overlook ed.” Atmospheric air becomes vitiated by one, or a combination of the following causes: Ist, By animal respiration. 2d, By decaying animal and vegetable mat ter 3d. By stagnant waters, and 4th, By combustion in close apartments. Many cases arc cited of the fatal effects of breath ing highly vitiated air in prisons— in small close apartments—and in unhealthy districts. One of the most horrible was that which occured in flic “Black Hole of Calcutta,” where one hundred & forty En_ glishmen were thrust into a confined place eigh teen feet square, in which there were but two small windows on one side,and where ventilation was im possible./ Scarcely was the door shut upon the prisoners, when their sufferings, for want of fresh air, com. inoncedjand in six hours, ninety six of them were dead! In the morning only twenty-three of them were living—many of whom were subsequent ly cut off by putrid fever, caused by the dreadful effluvia and the corruption of the air. Other causes are recorded of persons dying, for want of fresh air, in sun 11, close cabins. Numerous eases are yearly recorded of deaths caused by burning charcoal in close apart meats, when the oxygen is abstracted from the atmosphere, by the carbon of the charcoal to form carbonic acid. But it is not only when death or severe sickness ensues, that the breathing of vitiated air is hurtful; it is always prejudicial.” more or less, to health; it impairs the constitution, and is often the latent cause of disease, which ul timately proves fatal. Till! chief symptoms, says Orfila, which follow the breathing’ ol impure air, are great heaviness in the head, tingling in the ears,troubled sight,a great inclination to sleep, diminution of strength, and : falling down. Tiicso sensations arc experienced in crowded i I rooms steamboat cabins, Arc. , Decaying animal and vegetable matters are a pro iic source of disease, by vitiating* the atmos | phere we breath, particularly in cellars, close yards or other places where the effluvia they generate is not speedily dissipated by the winds. Hence, fe vers are most prevalent where due regard is not had to cleanliness, as in dwellings, where there are wet and dirty cellars, adjoining filthy yards and lanes, and in houses, in and about which animal and vegi table matters are suffered to accumulate and putrefy. Hence, the “sickness that pervades newly cleared countries, from the decay of vegeta ble matters, on the first exposure of the soil to the full influence of solar heat. The deleterious influence of stagnant waters up on the atmosphere is known to all and when com bined with animal and vegi table putrefaction, the evil is greatly increased. Thus draining of marsh es and wet lands contribute essentially to the heal thiness of a neighborhood. Combustion also vi tiates the air in close rooms, particularly gas and fluid lights; a single gas burner consuming more oxygen, according to Dr. Combe, and producing more carbonic acid gas to deteriorate the atmos phere of a room, than six or eight candles. We may profit by these rules. (T i lie C( ntinued.) Know-lVotliingism in Hie So3jHi anti Abo iliogßisssa i;a tflae North prepar tug to defeat tire Democracy sea tlae Presidesstia 2 Canspalgn. Os the two hundred an 1 thirty-four members of tlie present House of Representatives, all but about seventy-eight, including absentees, are the unre lenting advesaries of the democratic partv. This leaves a solid opposition in that body of one hun dred and fifty-six—not a very large number to manage when the Presidency is tlie prize in view, and when they agree already in reverence for se cret oaths and obligations, and in bitter and ma lignant hostility to tlie democratic party. All this becomes a more serious probability when it is re collected that in this organization of one hundred aim iiMy-six persons,, there are a number of expe rienced politicians, ready to resort to any means to carry their objects. The intimate relations that will naturally grow up between the members of this organization, differing, as they do, noon lh< single impossible proposition of restoring the Mis souri Compromise, and congenial in everything ebe, will have so consolidated them into a hnrrno nious party, that by the time the Presidential election has transpired they will be ready to act in happy concert should the choice of Chief Ma gistrate lie devolved upon them. Preparatory, however, to such a contingency, it will be seen that both the wings of the opposition are strength ening tnemrmves in their respective sections, each pursumg its own particular path, to arrive at the same end, and to achieve the same result—that is to defeat the Vmocratie parly. lathe South the national Know Nothings, with the aid of their oaths and proscriptions, will assume high ground on the slav. ry question, will appeal to tlie people that they are quite as reliable and trustworthy as the democrat.:;, ami will labor io secure tlie vote of the obi whig party upon sue!: eleetorial tickets as they shall place in nendm. ‘ n. Should it be ne cessary, Mr. Crllh .. 1 m wiUu ii th shi glad to Pad hi.- n .me in order to A rtlfy this branch oft! e opposition. 111 addition to this, tlie new dwclone nK ’ ,u *‘ ■ - r. cii'i- swi:! .; cs.'.rcwdiv used,and every accusation .ami calumny which can be raked up against a sound democrat, no matter how his works may stand out in history as the proofs of his con sistency and devotion to national doctrines, wilj be ad led to tlie fabrics] evidences laid before the public mind in the Southern States to impair tlie confidence of the people in that section of the Un ion in the integrity and sincerity of their only true friends. And what of tlie Northern division nf the great army of opposition of tlie democracy? It has been one of Mr. Seward’s favorite expedi ents to-let the slavery question manage itself, and to permit each State to take care of its own poli ces, and to have the opposition, North and South to come together upon tlie.se ideas which are agree able to both. The republicans or abolitionists 0! th-- North luivo treated the Southern Know Nothings in the present Congress with so much consideration and forbcarcnce in the- boginnina,that it is easy to see how this state of things will im prove as it goes on. and particularly if the latter manifest power enough to build up a strong antag onism to the democracy in the South. In the meanwhile, tlie republicans conduct their crusade against the Missouri Compromi-'. and ran encour age the natural affinity between themselves and the southern Know Nothings, all tlie more safely because the restoration of that Compromise is an impracticability which must be evident on both haims, out to labor for which will be essential to preserve the pledge made to the abolition senti ment. ot tlie m orth by tlie new republican party in Congress; and so. while they are answering to this sentiment in noisy efforts in favor of a liopc abstraction, they are at the same time prepar ing the way fora powerful movement in the Presi dential campaign in favor of Mr. Seward or any other candidate whom it maybe necessary to ruin the Northern States in order to cm ray out the un derstanding with the common enemies of the de mocracy in Ihe South. It will be observed, there fore, that while these enemies appeal to the extreme abolitionism in the North, and expect to carry Northern States by tin's appeal, they do no less fer vently append to the extreme slavery sentiment” in the South, so that by that appeal they may carry a sufficient number of States against, the democratic party to render an election by the people impossi ble, and to throw the choice of the next president in the House of Representatives. The one hun dred and fifty-six men now acting together in that branch of Congress, and cordially co-operating on the two ideas of hostility to the democracy and obedience to the oaths and obligations of the se cret order, will find it a very easy thing to choose a candidate that may represent both these ideas, and satisfy the cr^tt/ 1* for patronage which is at the bottom of every \aayemcnt antagonistic to the democratic principles in this country. This, then, is the grand scheme of the two branches of the Northern and Southern divisions of the op position army. Let those who doubt, carefully observe the signs of the times, and they will soon be convinced that the picture we have drawn is faithful to the reality. — Cleveland Banner. Election ok Jkfeki.son Davis to the Senate —The nomination of Jefferson Davis for the Sen ate by the Democratic caucus of the Mississippi Legislature, has already been reported by the tele graph, says the Savannah Daily Journal. The ballot stood for Davis, 49, Jacob Thompson, 36 In the Jackson Ring we find the vote in the Legis lature, on his election, which was 93 for Davis, to 18 for all others. A\ r e observe in our exchanges some superfluous speculations as to (ten. Davis’ successor in the War Department. We may remark that the deci sion of that question will lie with the next Presi dent. Senator Adams, whose place Gen. Davis takes, does not leave the Senate until March 3- 1857, the day upon which the present administra tion expires. FOUR DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. A R RI VALO F THE A FR 1 C A. Halifax, January 23d, 1856. The British Steamship Africa has arrived, with ‘ Liverpool advances to tlie Bth inst. four days later * than the America. Cotton was dull. Sales 18,000 bales. Some’ circulars quote the market unchanged; others say’ cotton has declined 31G to 1-2. Speculators and exporters each took 3000 bales. .Political affairs unchanged. Russia’s answer to the Allies had not arrived? before the 10th. It is expected to contain neither” a positive assent nor dissent. The Czar would probable make counter proposals, to be settled by.’ a conference. A warlike feeling pervaded England. Russia continues incesscnt preparation for war. Tlie French blew up Sevastopol docks on the 22d ult. The conference on the Danish Sound Dues has been indefinitely postponed. The Baltic arrived out on the Bth. Berlin papers speak of a favorable disposition of of the Czar to consider the propositions of the Al lies. Advices from the Crimea are to tlie 35th ul*. The Russians have enlarged the fortification at In kermann, and unmasked new batteries on the left oft hi; Tehcnays IVdissicr remains in the Crimea. Gen.Marmo- * i'll acts by proxy in the Council of War. Omar Pacha is suffering unpopularity at Constantinople on account oi the fall of Kars. Tlie Consel of war at ( oust ant. nople is directing all its efforts, to do fence of Ezeround and Trezondc. i he general Council at St. Petersburg is princi pally engaged with the question of fortifying the strategetm points of the Empire. Those at Kien are to be finished before the close of the winter. The Railroad from .Moscow to St. Petersburg” is to be protected by redoubts at intervasl,each to be occupied by a battallicn ofmiliilia. New ‘) ork, January 24, 1856. r i he stcamsphip Baltic has arrived with Liver-- poid dates to January 12, three days later than brought by the Africa. Cotton has declined an l-Bth to a 1-4. Sales off the week 44,003, Consols 8G 1-2 to 1-lth. Peace prospect unchanged. Markets.—Fair Orleans, sic, Middling 5 T-fi c., Fair Uplands 5 1-2 c., Middling 5 5-6 c. Ex porters took 5,000. Flour has improved in demand, with a- shilling advance ; Canal 42 ; Ohio 44. (. orn improved. A L the close of the market*. Vel low 42 ; White 46. Beef and Pork firm. Lard 68. The fer.going is from Brown & Shipley's Circu lar. - **— ? iUjUiciary 131. 3. Tiiis bill, introduced into the Senate by Judge Cone to r orgat.i e the J .dhoary svstem of our’ mate, passed that, body on Thursday last, by a major.iy. It. wiii in all likelyhood, also pass the House. It provides among other things that the Judges of the Supreme Court shall be elected’ by the people; also that the county court shall be composed of one Judge, elected by the people and holding office for four years; that the latter Court shall have jurisdiction of all civil cases not exelu si\elv confided by tlie constitution to the Superior” Courts, and over all crunnal offences committed by free white persons where the punishment is.not death or confinement in the Penitentiary, and over all ofltn cs, committcl by slaves, or free per sons of color, not now triable by Justices of the peace. A county attorney is also to be elected by the people, to hold office for four years, and to prosecute all crimnals or persons guilty of non performance of any county duty in relation to Roads, Bridges, Ferries, &c. &c. — MdleJgeville Recorder. Tesjsacssce Politics. Every State boasts of some excellency, says the Daily Atlanta Intelligencer, a something in which it surpasses its neighbors, Georgia of her Railroads,- .South Carolina of her chivalry, while Tennessee, we imagine, is a little ahead of all creation in the way of politics. We don’t mean political econo my, statesmanship, <te., albeit our neighbor is noth ing behind hand in those. By politics wc intend party leciing and discipline. These the Tcnnessec ans appear to have so far perfected, tlmt they form an unvarying rule of action in all the affairs of life, public as well as private. Where the inhabi tont of another country would be puzzled by con flicting-opinions, a lennessccan has bntto refer to the party log book, and there lie finds an easy so lution of every difficulty. feuc i opinions we have often heard spoken of our neighbor under the old party organization.— 1 hat they have not one whit altered since the ad vent of Know Nothingism, may be inferred from the fact that the Board of Directors of the Bank of Tennessee, at the head of which is the Hon. Cave Johnson, have recently passed a resolution that in the selection ot a Board for the Branches of the Bunk, no man should be appointed to the posi tion of a Director who belonged to the Know Nothing Order. A Goon Deed. —A young lady who had just ar rived in the suburbs of this place, says the New Orleans Delta, on her way to join her mother, wlio l had come to boapokee some months since, met a poor German or Irish woman in the road having in her arms a young babe. The mother made a complaint to the young lady, stating her reverse of liie, saying that herself and offspring were both sick ; that she could not proceed further without aid and relief from her burden, ’t he young lady immediately offered to relieve her as far as it was in her power, by taking the child. The mother gave up the child, and our heroine, about “sweet sixteen, became charged with the caresof a nurse blm proceeded to Mr. P.'s, on 2d street, where her mother was stopping, and the surprise and constei* nation ol the young lady’s parent can better bJj imagined than described. M This young lady would make a noble kind mother, and an elFectiouatc wife. * here ;s a mysterious connection bc^H the Southern Know Nothings and the Nt^O Republicans. S o how they hang together nington. of New Jersey, votes for Ranks. ker ; Ful'cr, of Pennsylvania, votes for ton ; and Humphrey Marshall, of Kentucky, and the rest ol the Southern Know Nothings vote for Fuller. Fuller is so- nd enough for Marshall, Penning ton is sound enough for Fuller, and Banks is sound enough for Pennington. Why is Banks, then, not sound enough for Know Nothings? Ws should see interesting developments were it not for thp people at home.— Lvuisville Democrat.