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About The Knoxville journal. (Knoxville, Ga.) 1888-18?? | View Entire Issue (Feb. 1, 1889)
AGRICULTURAL OPICS OP INTEREST RELATIVE TO FARM AND GARDEN. Evils of Close Planting. A promising orchard oi 300 rniue, trees, the property of a neighbor of just to bear and on which the realized $900 last season, was sacrificed to the close-planting policy. The trees, which ono year ago snowed of health and vigor, assumed a sickly appearance. Cutting oat every alternate tree, with a liberal dressing orchard if of fertilizers, will save the the owner has the intelligence and nerve to do it at once. But what a loss to the soil this production of 150 trees, which can only be “cut down and cast into the fire.” And “the survival of the fittest” will be set back two years at leapt by this plan of planting and then thinning demands an rich orchard. The apple tree a moist soil. If these con ditions are furnished it assumes large proportions Why, then, dwarf, and gives immense vields. starve and mutilate? Is it not better to have five thrifty trees producing than fifty bushels of healthy tine fruit fifty trees with fifty bushels of wormy, knottv, gnarly specimens tit •only for pigs and thieving vagrants ! In the latter instance the soil is taxed to produce the wood of fifty trees instead of five. The cost of purchasing, plant ing, the etc., all contributes toward swell ing the contrast in the amount paid out. In first instance you will be rewarded with satisfactory results; in the latter there will be disappointment, loss of time and money, and a failure to realize when your orchard comes in bearing. The same results comparatively, though not so gard rapidly, manifest themselves with re to the vine. Too close planting will sooner or later result disastrously. The proper distance for setting apple trees is from thirty than to fourtee'n fortv feet; for the grape not less .to eighteen feet for vigorous growing vines. Of course, varieties, methods of training, modify root-pruning, these top-dressing, regard etc., will grapevines, but figures have with them to better too far apart than too closely crowded.— Ameri can Agriculturist. « The Preservation of Esrgs. An egg is a complex compound of most is small, easily decomposed substances, but it contains every element that goes to make up a complete animal, bones, blood, flesh, feet, feathers and horn. It has, moreover, not only a por¬ ous shell, hut a quantity of air inside of it, which is able to start decomposition in the very easily changeable contents. An egg begins to decay the moment it is perfected. As soon as its warmth cools change begins. The shrinkage produces of the contents which by the cooling a vacuum, is instantly filled with air from without. This air contains oxygens and many active germs of decomposition which are able to pass through the pores of the shell and inner membranes. Into this so-called air of an egg there is also quickly gathered various gases produced by the decoinpo sition of the substances inside of tho shell, and this change goes on more rapidly increased with tho lapse of time and the temperature. This change in the egg, however, af fords a useful means of precaution in selecting eggs lor preserving for winter use, for it goes without saying that a good bad egg condition, originally aud cannot be kept in moreover it is a cause of infection of good ones with which it is brought into proximity. In the is preservatioa'of essential that only eggs sound for winter fresh use it eggs should be selected. A method of deter¬ mining this the freshness begin is therefore decay neces¬ sary. As eggs to gases are produced by which decreased, the specific gravity delicate of the eggs poising is so in that by a of an egg a standard solution of salt the quality may be determined. One part of the best salt dissolved in eight parts of water will make such a solution. A glass jar six inches deep may be used for this test. The liquid is put into tho jar and the slowly egg is sinks gently to dropped the bottom into the it. If it is fresh sound and fit egg and for the preserv¬ ing process ; if it touches the bottom and then rises a little it has begun to change, but may still be put away for future use, but will not keep so long as the better eggs. As the eggs arc older they rise higher in the liquid, until they float and even project partly above the water. These eggs should be rejected, as one bad egg will spoil a barrelful of good ones in the preserving liquid. For the preservation of Ojjgs the total exclusion of air only is needed. All chemical preparations, antiseptic sub¬ stances ; “glacialine, ” and other nostrums are absorbed by the substance of the egg, and the eggs hard are -spoiled and cannot for use. bo The yolk becomes used for many purposes in cooking. liquid, for It is dcsiiablc to have a dense the exclusion of air and salt is quite sufficient for this purpose alone; lime is equally effective and is mostly employed by the dealers in eggs who buv them at this season when they are plentiful and P ThS ltoic Method is as follows: A peck of lime is slacked m suflic;ent water to produce a pasty, semi liquid mass. This is mixed with water as soon as all the I' me ’ s completely slacked to make half a barrelful. The eggs are then carefully packed away in this liquid wl!1 uutd 1,0 the bar rel is tilled > wheQ the ®gg 8 cov " ered about one inch reserved deep with it. Some the of thc lime paste is to cover egg 8 ! this is doue b Y spreading a cloth over the barrel and covering this with the lime paste half an inch thick. This is proved close to the edge of the barrel at]d tbo t'lotli is turned over it. Jhesur face is always kept covered with water. Egg 8 so packed will keep without in j url0us change for several months. The coalers make use of brick vats for stor anc ^ use ^ roa( ^ dippers for handling taken the float eggs, the which, surface. as some As the are out. to egg 8 arc dipped out drain, for sale and they aie then put into lath crates to are washed by pouring water over them uu til quite freed from the lime. Egg 8 ma y he kept, safely for three months by smearing them with linseed oil, melted paraffine, or any kind of oil that will not turn rancid or be absorbed hy the shell. 1 inseed oil )S excellent for the purpose. The egg is held between the linger and thumb by the ends and is dipped finger in the with oil, and then brush rubbed bring with the or a small to the oil in contact with the whole of the surface. The eggs are then set in dry bran or cornmeai on the small eud and covered with the bran sufficiently to keep them from breaking. 'When filled the box or barrel is covered and is kept in a cool, dry place. A small quantity of the oiled eggs may be kept in a twine ne t or a square bag and hung up in a cellar, the point of suspension being changed every day. This prevents the adherence of the yolk to the shell, which should bo avoided. The greatest itijiiry to eggs packed in dry substances is the loss of moisture and tho consequent ab¬ sorption of air. This danger is avoided by using a liquid packing, and the lime mixture above mentioned is the simplest .—New and most effective, hence the best York Times.. Farm and Garden Notes. The dust bath is the toilet of the hen. Keep tools handy and in good condi tion. Kind treatment is an equivalent of food. The mule is hardy and handy, if not The greatest enemy of agriculture is . 1 g nol ' an ce. Growing a boy on tho farm is a mighty good foundation preparation of him for any honorable business, In many instances it is more profitable to plow under the second crop of clover than to cut it for either hay or seed, A good top dressing of manure on the little knolls and poor spots of the field after winter grain is sown will have a fine effect. Two horses of one kind will do as much work as four horses of another kind, and it ought not to be hard to de¬ termine which is the more profitable. When a man comes half a mile to borrow a hoe or a fork, you may depend on his coming some day to borrow money, but never coming to pay it back. Perhaps it can’t be remedied, but it is, nevertheless, a pity that the creature flattered by, the nod of a politician ballot casts a voto that counts as much as the cast by a true man. Clover should be grown more abund¬ antly than it is on many farms. When properly cured it makes very nutritious hay, containing more muscle and milk¬ making material than ordinary hay. It may not be known to all that hogs, even sows with pigs, do very well on good pasture. Toward fall in an orchard when apples begin to drop, lhey will do exceedingly well with no other feed. It is the custom of a great many farm¬ ers to burn wheat and oat straw. Thu should never be done, even with an abundant supply of timothy and clover. Cattle, horses and sheep will eat straw for a change. ONLY PART'OK THE SERMON. just a week ago to-day * I sat in a soft-cushioned pew; is my need to watch and pray. But I dreamed the solemn sermon through be not shocked at what I say— I fear, my love, I dreamed of you! heard, in a disconnected way, What the preacher said, ’tis true, slight heed wandering senses pay, That fell these words was all I knew: ^ Mpg _ wi ]iko _ a thread _ of scarle t. hps-drop as-the honeycomb. -The of—thy garments—is—like the smell— Lebanon.” ’Twas Solomon’s song the preacher read; To many grave things he referred, [There came from outside, overhead, The twitter of a little bird; The soft breeze grateful coolness shed, But scarce its gentle impulse stirred A prayer book's leaves.] The sermon led From “first” to “second” and to “third,” And still I dreamed; of all was said These words alone I faintly heard: “Thy lips—are like—a thread—of scarlet.— Thy lips—drops as—the honeycomb.—The smell of—thy garments—is—like the smell— of Lebanon.” Sweetheart, I thought of you he spoke! I thought he spoke of you, and well; The flower-sweet fancy nothing broke, There came no change, no asphodel. And was I wicked! Who shall croak, Who all my evil-doing tell! “Love one another” is the yoke That we must lightly bear. The Stayed with me after I awoke, After the benediction fell: “Thy lips—are like—a thread—of scarlot. — Thy lips—drop as—the honeycomb.— Th smell of—thy garments—is—li lie the smell— of Lebanon.” —Stanley Waterloo, in Chicago Tribune. PITH AND POINT. Light literature—Gas bills. Derisive soup—Mock turtle. “Awfully sheepish”—Mutton. rcady-talkcrs, but Deaf mutes are not their remarks are always off-hand. Many struggling men canine. keep pup Toledo by supporting a useless — Blade. Isn’t it a singular he is thing that .—Bodon when a man is taken in put out Courier. Mrs. Brown—“Now, just look at those flannels! If anything will shrink more from washing I'd like to know what it is.” Mr. Brown—“A boy will, my dear.” Disappointed. — Mamma — “Why, Frank, dear, what is the matter? Did you have a bad dream?” Frank—“N-no. I dreamed I had a big bag of candy, an’ w-woked without catiu’ it.”— Harprr’s Young People. “Did you ask Aliss Pointer to dance last night?" “Yes,and she said she was engaged.” “And what did she say the second time?” “That she was tired.” “And the third time?” “That she was going home. ”— Life. Chumley—“I’m in a little fix to-day, Brown, for money; what would you say if I were to ask you fora temporary loan of a hundred or two dollars?” Brown— “Well, Chumley, if the loan will be tem¬ porary, dollars .”—Accident I might let News. you have the two A toad was recently dug out of a stratum of clay in London which scien¬ tists aver must have been in its lonesome bed for more than three thousand years. The toad, when discovered, looked as lonesome as a clerk in a store that don’t advertise .—New York Mercury. “Mother, I can never win the medal for good behavior,” exclaimed a South Side boy, just in from school; “I’ve tried and tried, but some other pupil al¬ ways gets it.” “But you must keep on trying,” said his mother, encouragingly. “It’s no use,” replied the boy. “I shan’t try any more. It’s a clean waste of goodness .”—Chicago Chic. She was near-sighted, and when a little dark-complexioned man with a blue flannel stopped suit him on by came tugging through the his car she on arm. “Are you the porter of this car?” said she, as hefacedher. “No, ma'am,” he replied with a sigh,- “I am only the president. The porter will be here in a minute.” And then every one p.ticd the poor man.— Bouton Beacon. W. P. Rend, the millionaire coal merchant of Chicago, began life as a teamster. Rheumatism to recent investigations is oatu-sed by excess lactic acid in the blood. 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