Irwinton bulletin. (Irwinton, Wilkinson County, Ga.) 1894-1911, September 02, 1910, Image 2
SOOSEIELT FOR FEBERORNTROL [Believes Government Should Gen erally Be Leader in Con servation. (SAD - EXPERIENCE IN EAST [Addressing Public Meeting In Denver, 'Ex-President Discusses Water Pow er, Coal Lands, Ranges and Forests —Powerful Plea for Conservation. 1 / Denver, Colo., Aug. 29.—Colonel Eoosevelt arrived in Denver from .heyenne this morning, and after a [parade in which representatives of the [state and city, the Live Stock asso [ciation and the Spanish War Veterans [took part, was the guest of the Den ver Press club at a cowboy luncheon [at Overland park. In the afternoon ihe delivered a public address at the (Auditorium and later spoke to the ^Spanish War Veterans, and then he iwas the guest of honor at a “round •up” dinner at Eljebel Temple. Talks on Conservation. 1 Mr. Roosevelt’s main address was on conservation, and was as follows: This country has shown definite signs of waking up to the absolute necessity of handling its natural resources with fore sight and common sense. The conserva tjoii question has three sides. In the first (place, the needless waste of the natural resources must be stopped. It is rapidly becoming a well-settled policy of this peo ple that we of this generation hold the land in part for the next generation, and not exclusively for our own selfish enjoy ment. Just as the farmer is a good citi zentf he leaves his farm improved and not Impaired for his children, and a bad citi zen if he skins the land in his own selfish Interest, so the Nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets [which it must turn over to the next gen ieration increased and not. impaired in value, and behaves badly if it leaves the land poorer to those who come after us. I In the second place, the natural re .sources must be developed promptly, completely, and in orderly fashion. It is not conservation to leave the natural re- BourCes undeveloped. Development is an Indispensable part of the conservation plan. The forests, the mines, the water Mowers, and the land itself, must all be put to use. Those who assert that con- Bervatlon proposes to tie them up, depriv ing this generation of their benefits in order to hand them on untouched to the next, miss the whole point of the con servation idea. Conservation does not mean depriving the men of today of their natural rights in the natural resources of the land. All It means is that we of this generation shall so use our rights as not to deprive those who come after us of their natural rights in their turn. In the third place, so far as possible these resources must be kept for the whole people and not handed over for exploitation to single individuals. We do not intend to discourage individual enter prise by unwisely diminishing the reward Jar that enterprise. On the contrary, we believe that the men of exceptional abili ties should have exceptional rewards up to a point where’the reward becomes dis proportionate to the service, up to the point where the abilities are used to the detriment of the people 'as' a Whole. We ere for the liberty’ of the individual-up to and not beyond, the. point where it be comes Inconsistent with the welfare of the community. Th'ns bur 'consistent aim Us to favor the ' actual’ -settter^the man 'Who takes as much of the public domain ■as he himself can cultivate, and there (makes a permanent home for his children 'who come aftefhlnr; bnt We a re’ against the man, no matters what his ability, who [tries to monopolize large nj^sses of public •land. State and Federal Control. Now, to preserve the general welfare, to see to It that- the rights of the public are protected, and the liberty of the indi vidual secured and encouraged as long as consistent with this welfare, and curbed when it becomes inconsistent therewith, it Ms necessary to invoke the aid of the [government. There are points in which 'this governmental aid can best be ren dered by the States, that is.- where the iexercise of states’ rights helps to secure popular rights; and as to these I believe fin states’ rights. But there are large •classes of cases where only authority ®f the National government will secure (the rights of the people: and where this Is fthe case I am a convinced and a thor jough-going believer in the rights of the (National government. Big business, for (Instance, is no longer an affair of any one •state; big business has become national ized, and the only effective way of con itrolling and directing it, and preventing abuses in connection with it, is by having •the people nationalize this control in order to prevent their being exploited by the in idividuals who have nationalized the busi ness. All commerce on a scale sufficient ly large to warrant any control over It by [the government Is nowadays inter-state or (foreign commerce, and until this fact is heartily acknowledged and acted upon by both courts and legislative bodies. Na tional and state alike, the interest of the (people will suffer. , In the matter of conservation, I heart ily approve of state action where under our form of government the state, and the •tate only, has the power to act. I cor dially join with those who desire to see the state, within its own sphere, take the most advanced .position in regard to the whole matter of conservation. I have Itaken exactly this attitude in my own state of New York. Where the state alone had power to act, I have done all I could to get it to act in the most advanced manner: and where the Nation could act, il have done all I could to get National pctlon in the same direction. Unfortun lately, In the east we have in this matter maid the penalty of not having our forest fland under National control; and the pen alty has been severe. Most of the states [--although they aro old states—have not (protected their forests, each falling to act by Itself, because the action was real ty the common concern of all; and where action is the common concern of all. ex perience has shown that it can only be profitably undertaken by the National government. । As a result of the impossibility of get ting such wise action by the several state governments In the cast, we are doing our best to get National legislation under Which the National government, at the expense of millions of dollars, shall under take to do as regards the Appalachians •nd White Mountains of the east what it is now doing in the Rock Mountains here out west. It would be both a calamity and an absurdity for the National govern ment now to do In the west the very thing that at a heavy pecuniary cost it is trying to undo in the east. By actual ex perience in the east we have found to our cost that the Nation, and not the sev eral states, can best guard the Interests of the people in the matter of the forests and the waters, and that If It falls to attempt this duty at the outset it will later on have to pay heavily in order to be allowed to take up the work, which because It is done so late, cannot be so well done as If it had been begun earlier. Water Power. Take the question of the control of the > water power sites. The enormous Impor tance of water power sites to the future industrial development of this country has only been realized within a very few years. Unfortunatly, the realization has come too late as regards many of the power sites; but many yet remain with which our hands are free to deal. We should make it our duty to see tha,t here after the power sites are kept under the control of the general government, for the use of the people as a whole. The ■ fee should remain with the people as a whole, while the use Is leased on terms which shall secure an ample reward to the lessees, which shall encourage the de velopment and use of the water power. ' but which shall not create a permanent • monopoly or permit the development to be antisocial, to be in any respect hostile to the public good. The Nation alone has the power to do this effectively, and it is for this reason that you will find those corporations which wish to gain improper advantage and to be freed from efficient control on the part of the public, doing all that they can to secure the substitu tion of state for National action. There is something fairly comic In the appeal made by many of these men in favor of state control when you realize that the great corporations seeking the privileges of developing the water power in any given state are at least as apt to be owned outside that state as within it. In this country, nowadays, capital has a National and not a state use. The great corporations which are managed and largely owned in the older states are those which are most in evidence in de veloping and using the mines and water powers and forests of the new territories and the new states, from Alaska to Ari zona. I have been genuinely amused du ring the past two months at having argu ments presented to me on behalf of cer tain rich men from New York and Ob^o, for instance, as to why Colorado and oili er Rocky Mountain states, should manage their own water power sites. Now these men may be good citizens according to their lights, but naturally enough their special interest obscures their sense of the public need: and as their object is to escape an efficient control, exercised in the interest of all the people of the coun try. they clamor to be put under the state instead of under the Nation. If we are foolish enough to grant their requests, we shall have ourselves to blame when we wake up to find that we have permitted another privilege to intrench itself and another portion of what should be kept for the public good to be turned over to individuals for purposes of private en richment. Durirfg the last session of congress bills were introduced to transfer the water power sites in the National Forests and the Public Domain to the control of the states. I cannot state too strongly my belief that these measures are unwise, and that it would be disas trous to enact them into law. In sub stance their effect would be to free these great special Interests from all effective control. The passage of such a bill would be a victory of the special interests over the general welfare, and a long backward step down the hill of progress we have of late been climbing. Our people have for many years pro ceeded upon the assumption that the Nation should control file public land. It is to this assumption of National outlook that we owe our wisest land legislation, from the Homestead Law to the Irrigation Law’. The wise use of our public domain has always been conditioned upon Na tional action. The states can greatly help, but the Nation must take the lead, as re gards the land, as regards the forests and w’aters; and perhaps peculiarly in the case of the waters, because almost all streams are really inter-state streams. Coal Lands. The same principle applies with pecu liar force to the coal lands, and especially to the coal lands in Alaska, whose pro tection and ow'nership by the Federal government is so necessary, both for full and free industrial development in the west, and for the needs of our fleet in the Pacific. The coal mines should be leased, not sold, and those who mine the coal should pay back a part of the profit to the people. It is the right and duty of the people to demand the most vigilant trus teeship on that part of that branch of the Federal government in charge of the fuel resources of the United States. The Neutral Ground. Remember also that many of the men who protest loudly against effective national action would be the first to turn round and protest against state action if such action In Its turn became effective, and would then unhesitating ly invoke the law to show that the stat® had no constitutional power to act. Long experience has shown that it is by no means impossible, in cases of constitutional doubt, to get one set of judicial decisions which render it difficult for the nation to act, and an other s‘bt W'hich render it impossible for the state to act. In each case the privileged beneficiaries of the decision invoke the aid of those who treat the Constitution, not as a healthy aid to growth, but as a fetish to prevent growth; and they assail the advocates of wise and cautious progress as being opponents of the Constitution. As I have said before, I am a strong believ er in efficient national action, where such action offers the best hope of se curing and protecting the interest of the whole people as against the inter est of a few. But I am emphatically in favor of state action, where state action will best serve this purpose: and I am no less emphatically in favor of cordial and hearty co-operation be tween the nation and the states where their duties are identical or overlap. If there is one thing which is more unwise than another, it is the creation by legislative, by executive, or by judicial action of a neutral ground in which neither the state nor the nation has power, and which can serve as a place of refuge for the lawless man, and especially for the lawless man of great wealth, who can hire the best legal counsel to advise him how to keep his abiding place equally distant from the uncertain frontiers of both state and national power. The Open Range. I am (here at the invitation of the Colorado Livestock association, and I desire to express my appreciation of their steadfast stand for decency and progress in the handling of public lands and national forests. They have met and overcome the unrelenting op position of some of the most Influential stockmen of the state; they have won because they have been right. I want to express also my appreciation of the work of the American National Livestock । association. It has been One of the really important forces working toward ef fective railway regulation, while its , support of the policy of federal range control has given it a large place in ( national affairs. As an old-time stock man I realize that the present order of things on the open range cannot • continue, and that the sure way to pro tect the range itself, prevent the in crease of big outfits, promote the equit able use of the grazing lands, and fos ter genuine homestead settlement, is to extend over the open range a system of range control somewhat similar to that now in effect on the national for ests. Whatever system of range control may be adopted in detail, there are two things it must not do. It must not , •handicap or exclude the small man by I requiring him to spend more money , for fences than he can afford, and it । must leave every acre that can be set > tied by bona-fide homesteaders freely open to such settlement. I do not believe that a single acre of our public lands should hereafter pass ! into private ownership except for the [ single purpose of homestead settle ’ ment, and I know that the stockmen stand with me in their desire to re [ move every obstacle from the path of ’ the genuine homesteader, and to put every possible obstacle in the pathway 1 of the man who tries' to get public ! lands by misrepresentation or fraud. This is absolutely necessary on the ‘ agricultural lands. It is at least equal ly necessary on the mineral lands. It would be a calamity, whose baleful ef fect on the average citizen we can 1 scarcely exaggerate, if the great stores ' of coal and other mineral fuels still owned by the people in Alaska and elsewhere should pass into the unregu lated ownership of monopolistic cor -1 porations. The Forest Service. You progressive stockmen have stood heartily by the conservation move ment, and with you have stood many others throughout the West, to whom large credit is due, such as the lum bermen in Washington and Oregon, the irrigators in California, and the sup porters of the country life movement in and around Spokane. I want to make my acknowledgments in partic ular to the Colorado Forestry associa tion, which has supported the forest work of the government with such un selfish zeal. The forest service has enemies because it is effective. Some of its best work has been met by the bitterest opposition. For example, it has done a real service by blocking the road against the grabbers of water power, and again by standing like a rock against the demands of bogus mining concerns to exploit the national forests. I have always done my best to help the genuine miner. I believe that one of the first duties of the gov ernment Is to encourage honest mining on the public lands. But it is equally important to enforce the law firmly against that particularly dangerous class which makes its living off the public through fraudulent mining schemes. Much of the opposition to the forest service, like much of the opposition to conservation, takes the form of direct misrepresentation. For example, the cry is often heard that the national forests inclose great areas of agricul tural land which are thus put beyond the reach of settlement. This state ment seems plausible only till the facts are known. In the first place, congress has specially provided, that whatever agricultural land there may be in any national forest shall be open, unden. proper safeguards, to homestead set tlement. And in the second place, when the opponents of conservation are ask • ed to point out the great stretches of inclosed agricultural land on tha ground and in the presence of experts, instead of in speeches in a hall, they fail. Reclamation Service. The National Irrigation Congress is to hold a session in the city of Pueblo late in September. I am keenly sorry that I could not nave accepted the invitation to be present. I must, how ever, be in the East at that time. But since I cannot be present then to ex press my keen, long-held, and deep-felt interest in the reclamation of arid lands by the federal government, I desire to do so now. There is no more effective instrument for the making of homes than the United States Recla mation Service, and no government bu reau while I was President had reach ed a higher standard of efficiency, in tegrity and devotion to the public wel fare. Like the Forest Service, the Reclama tion Service has clashed with certain pri vate interests, and has had to pay the penalty of its service to the public in the form of bitter opposition from those with whose profit it has interfered. The cry has been raised against it that the gov ernment must not do for its citizens at a less cost what private interests are ready to make them pay for at higher prices. Now, I believe fully in the private de velopment of irrigation projects which the government cannot undertake. There is a large and legitimate field for such work. But the essential thing Is to make homes on the lands, not to enable individuals to profit from the necessities of the men who make those homes. There is no more warrant for objecting to the reclamation of arid lands by the government than there would be to protest against the gov ernment for patenting agricultural lands directly to the actual settler, instead of through a middleman, who could make a profit from the transaction. The men who assert themselves at the cost of the com munity instead of by service to the com munity we have always had with us, and doubtless we always shall. But there is no reason why we should yield to them. The Reclamation Service has not done so, and that is the chief reason for the at tacks upon it. I don’t think that there is one among you who is a better and more thorough going westerner than I am. There has been no support given to .the conserva tion policies so welcome as that which came from the west, and none in the west more welcome than that W’hich came from Colorado. There are men and or ganizations in Colorado, and I mention Delta in particular, whose support of the conservation policies has been of the greatest value to the Nation. It has not I always Keen an easy thing for them to stand for what was right, to stand for the real ultimate good as against the seeming temporary good; but they have stood for it steadily nevertheless. From the standpoint of conservation the east has wasted much of its own superb endowment; and as an American, as a lover of the west, I hope that the west will profit by the east’s bitter les son, and will not repeat the mistakes of the east. The east has wasted its re sources, It suffers from the effect of the waste, which now puts it at a disadvan tage compared to the west, and it is sorry. Most of the capital and very many of the men now attempting to monopolize your western resources are from the eaet. The west should learn the lesson o’ the east’s mistakes, and It should remember that conservation in the west yvill help the west first and most, and that the movement for con servation is most earnest, most vigorous, and most effective in the west and among western men. That is one strong reason why the conservation policy has come to stay. Frequent Changes of Name. The political rechristening of streets in Paris is outdone by the case of the Island of Reunion, which changed its name four times in just over half a i century. In 1793 it was Bourbon, as ' it had been for a century and a half, but the convention then changed, it to Reunion. Under the empire it be : came Ue Bonaparte, at the restora tion it reverted to Bourbon, and final ly, in 1848, it became Reunion once more. So the septuagenarian island ' ers of this last year could recall an ; unparalleled series of compulsory changes. They must have thought themselves lucky a few years later when the second empire refrained ’ from Bonapartizing this island again. Mr. William A. Radford will answer questions and give advice FREE OF COST on all subjects pertaining to the subject of building for the readers of this paper. On account of his wide expe rience as Editor, Author and Manufac turer, he is, without doubt, the highest authority on all these subjects. Address all Inquiries to William A. Radford, No. 194 Fifth Ave., Chicago, 111., and only enclose two-cent stamp for reply. It is one of the healthful signs of present day building that the interior arrangement of a house is given more attention and is considered more im portant than is its exterior appear ance. Home builders have outgrown that period when matters of design were regulated by what the neigh bors would think. A generation ago every house had to have its front and back parlor; the former preferably garnished with a round tower bay window arrangement on the corner and the exterior elab orately supplied with fancy orna ments, if the building was to com mand any distinction at all in the community; and all of this was to the general detriment of the home in terior. A modern house, on the other hand, Is designed to meet the needs of the family life, providing rooms that are well lighted, well ventilated, of proper size and so arranged that the work of house keeping may be re duced to its lowest terms. The architect draws his floor plans and lets the exterior appearance large ly take care of itself. Yet, in spite of this, the modern houses planned in this way are more attractive in their general exterior appearance than were the pretentious, over ornamented dwellings of old. Simplicity and directness are the two first requirements for successful design-elements which come strong ly into play in this present-day idea of home planning. In the accompanying design the most important consideration was to have the first floor so planned that an impression of spaciousness be gained upon entering the front door; at v the same time it was desired that the dining room and kitchen be sep arated from the rest of the house at times, when a certain privacy there Is desired. This is a very frequent requirement; yet, it is surprising how often our houses as they are built fulfil but part of this requirement. A glance at the first-floor plan will show an arrangement which accom plishes the purpose very successfully in this case. Entrance is had at the center in front into a spacious square hall; to the left the stairway as cends to the second floor; to the right through the column archway is the lafge living room, 14 by 25 feet, occupying the entire left side of the house. This is a beautiful room, with Porch it lmncßm. ; 1 'WXWO’ J r. hali_ £ : i HHi: wwo - . Porch swxflv First Floor Plan. beamed -ceiling and having a large brick fireplace at th 3 further end. The dining room is in the center at the rear, directly bacK of the entrance hall. This room is reached byway of a broad doorway from the side of the living room, double doors sepa rating the two when desired. Both the living room and dining room are exceptionally well lighted, the three window groups being both attractive in appearance and efficient for lighting and ventilation. It is seldom that one finds so good an ar rangement as this in a house of square outline, which, of course, is the most economical to build. It is usually n’ecessary, in order to secure the desirable features mentioned, to ’ arrange part of the room in an ell [ or otherwise complicate the design. t The arrangement of the kitchen and . pantry will be seen to be very con ■ venient for the preparation of meals. • On the second floor three large bed- J rooms and a bathroom are provided r Eacn room has cross ventilation. There are five clothes closets; also a . nice space for a sewing room in the ' well-lighted upper hall. The exterior , of this house is very simple, yet it is highly attractive. It is a modern — u "“"""I Bed Rm. Bed Rm. IWXIO’tf IJ^, 17*0-Xlo’f RrVIFj |ci- / ICL. Second Floor Plan. adapatation of the Dutch colonial style. Cement plaster on metal lath, is employed for the walls. A number of attractive color schemes are feas ible for its use; cream color for the! cement plaster and brown for the wood trim around the doors and win dows being perhaps as good as any. The roof is of slate. The cost of this house is estimated at ?4,000. FUSSY ABOUT THE CHANGE Man, Unlike Woman, Does Not Like the Way It Usually Is Given to Him. To be sure, the change we receive in. these days of the high cost of most things does not burden our minds or our pockets overmuch, yet we should like to receive the little that is coming to us in a more orderly arrangement than is customary in the smaller busi ness transactions of daily life, says the New York Tribune. Usually our change is shot back in a little metal box via a miniature overhead railroad. The clerk pulls the crumpled wad hastily apart to verify the amount, and stuffs it into our hand. That Is the system. If the customer be a woman, well and good, for she stuffs the ball into her bag or pocketbook in very much the same way, and departs. At the end of the day’s shopping she sits her dowm with a scrap of paper and a pen cil, makes calculations that would be wilder a mathematical astronomer, talking to herself the while, pulls the wads apart, counts the bills, then, her account made up, stuffs them back again in very much the same disorder ly condition. But with man it is different. He Is methodical, fussy even, about the 1 money he carries around with him. He carries his bills neatly folded, usually once lengthwise and once across. He has a finicky way of arranging them face upward, with the demoninant in the upper right hand corner, and he keeps the bills of the same denomina tion together. The cashier in the wire cage of the retail business is not so particular. She —it usually is a she— can handle money upside down and face downward without discomfort or . confusion. She apparently puts it . away as it happens to come out of the carrier; she certainly takes no cogniz . ance of these male peculiarities in the ■ way in which she makes change. So bewildered man halts in the aisle, in ; tent on bringing order from chaos, , blocks up the passage, and is jostled. , We know that the bulk of the retail ; trade of the country is carried on by 1 women with women, who understand ■ each other even in this, but has mere ’ man no rights in the matter? Since 1 society is so busy reforming every -1 thing it happens to think of, can it not > start a movement for the orderly ar -1 rangement of our change? MUNYON’S RHEUMATISM Uns < tired f" I | DI- Ihoiisdnds LU II La and ll < i: I « (II / • OU . Relies cn i rom thei All Druggist-. W. L. DOUGLAS H ^»rocess ED SHOES MEN’S $2.00,. $2.50, $3.00, $3.50, $4.00, $5.00 WOMEN'S $2.50, $3,53.50, $4 BOYS’ $2.00, $2.50 & $3.00 /• THE STANDARD > M FOR 30 YEARS They are absolutely the Kyy most popularand beatshoes E - / * W for the price in America. They are the leaders every- ( where because they hold their shape, fit better, /K look better and wear lon- fer than other makes. r hey are certainly the most economical shoes for you to buy. W. L. Douglas name and retail price are stamped on the bottom—value guaranteed. Fast ColorFveleit TAKE NO SUBSTITUTE! If your dealer cannot supply you write for Mail Order Catalog. W. L DOUGLAS. Brockton. Mau. THtYMURIN^^ For Red, Weak, Weary, Watery Eyes and g i GRANULATED EYELIDS I MurixeDoesn’tSmart-Soothes Eye Pain finuguU Sell Marine Eye Remedy, Liquid, 25c, 50c, SI.OO Murine Eyo Salve, in Aseptic Tubes, 25c, SI.OO EYE BOOKS AND ADVICE FREE BY MAIL MurineEyeßemedyCo.,Chicago ALMOST WORN OUT. Ella Fontine—ls your knee tired, dear? Slenderly—lt must be, pet; it’s gone to sleep. The Stylish Fisherman. One of the guests at a fashionable summer resort in West Virginia got । himself up in his best “fishing togs” | and started along a certain mountain I stream. Meeting a native, he ask|d: “Here, my good man! Kindly tell me whether it would be worth my while to try fishing in this vicinity.” The native regarded him scornfully. “The fishin’ ain’t good,” he finally said, “but I ain’t informed as to how you values your time.” —Lippincott’s. Not to Overdo It. Lily—l’se gwine to a s’prise party tonight, Miss Sally. Miss Sally—What will you take for a present? Lily—Well, we dldn’ cal’late on takin’ no present. Yo’ see, we don’t wan’ to s’prise ’em too much. Detected. It was at a Fourth of July meeting in the little city. The mayor, William Smith, rose, and at dignified length read the Declaration of Independence. There was a pause; then from one of the mayor’s old schoolmates came the loud whisper: “Bill never writ that He ain’t smart enough.” LACK OF MONEY Was a Godsend in This Case. It is not always that a lack of money is a benefit A lady of Green Forest, Ark., owes her health' to the fact that she could not pay In advance the fee demand ed by a specialist to treat her for stomach trouble. In telling of her case she says: “I had been treated by four differ ent- paysicians during 10 years of stomach trouble. Lately I called on another who told me he could not cure me; that I had neuralgia of the stom ach. Then I went to a specialist who told me I had catarrh of the stomach and said he could cure me in four months but would have, to have his money down. I could not raise, the necessary sum and in my extremity I was led to quit coffee and try Postum. “So I stopped coffee and gave Post um a thorough trial and the results have been magical. I now sleep well at night, something I had not done for a long time; the pain in my stom ach is gone and I am a different woman. “I dreaded to quit coffee, because every time I had tried to stop it I suf fered from severe headaches, so I con tinued to drink it although I had rea son to believe it was injurious to me, and was the cause of my stomach trouble and extreme nervousness. But when I had Postum to shift to it was different “To my surprise I did not mlw cof fee when I began to drink Postum. “Coffee had been steadily and sure ly killing me and I didn’t fully realize what was doing it lyitll I quit and changed to Postum.” _ Ever read the above letter! A sew one appears from time to time. Ther are genuine, true, and full of hwna* interest-