Newspaper Page Text
i Forest
working
1 _DPlans
NY disposition on the
| part of the owners
either of forested tracts
or areas suitable for
| reforestation must, in
Jthe large majority of
- instances, be prompted
by ' the expectation of
financial gain. A few
cases where this does
not hold, embrace land
owned by the state,
water companies in a
few instances, clubs
and a small number of
4ndividuals. To thls latter group of
owners, the income from their hold
dngs is not as important as the pur
jpose to which a well-forested and
properly managed area will be put,
whether it be fdr its utility or aesthet
jc value. The large majority includes
lumbermen, and owners of smaller
areas, who have made their invest
ment upon a strictly business basis,
and who expect a suitable return
from the same. If the forester can
show the possibility of such a return,
and at the same time provide for the
preservation and improvement of the
stand, he then advances the practical
side of the practice of his art.
He may be dealing either with a
large area, involving many conditions.
as to topography, character of timber,
rate of growth, etc., necessitating dif
ferent metheds of cutting to obtain
desirable reproduction, a future sup
ply of stock, protection from windfall
and fire, or, he may have simply a
wood lot problem to solve. In either
case, tt is the results that owners are
i
{ , t
looking for, and not an opportunity to Invest
their time and money for the advancement ot for
estry for its own sake. It is here that the forester
has an opportunity to show that his work and its
results are eminently practical, that a desirable
return is possible; both immediate from the sale
of the preduct, and remote from the increased and
accumulating growth, as well as the improvement
of the quality of the timber, together with the
growing and the reproductive capacity of the soil.
In a planting proposition, the return is neces
garily remote. If, however, it can be shown that
an area, now producing 1 per cent., for example,
{s capable of returning 3 per cent. per annum,
compound interest, at the final harvest in 40
years, after deducting with interest, the Initial
cost of stock and planting, together with taxes
and fire protection for the full period, is it not
good business policy for many owners, whether
individual or company, to make such an invest
ment? It will be argued that only owners that
are able to hold an area permanently will care to
walt 40 years for a return, and that very few in
dividuals would consent to an investment in which
the returns are deferred for so long a time. This
{s true in almost all cases. There are, however,
conditions which make such an investment de
sirable. 1t is not at all uncommon for plantations
to be made, protected, and allowed to mature, in
order that the returns may be enjoyed by the
next generation of a family, or have them take
the place of a life insurance policy.
In practicing forestry, it must be realized at the
outset that an investment ‘either of money or
marketable material left standing is necessary.
The former includes the extra cost of marking the
timber to be removed, care In protection of the
young growth, fire protection, including piling
coniferous tops and patrol, and a slight increase
in the cost of logging per thousand feet, as the
larger the amount of timber removed from a given
area the less ig the cost per unit. Unless a clear
cutting system is employed, some marketable
material must be left on the area cut over both
for seeding and in some cases for protecting the
seed trees from windfall. This comes under the
latter form of investment-—namely, merchantable
material. In return for this investment of mer
chantable material, the condition of the forest is
improved. Instead of removing all of the valu
able species and leaving the area to reproduce
the undesirable and less valuable, the reproduc
tion of desirable species is provided for, and the
future value of the area increased.
For the successful operation of a working plan
and the possibility of carrying it out for the full
perfod specified, it is necessary for the forester
and owner to meet on common ground. First of
all, the forester must get the point of view of
the owner, and arrive at a full understanding of
his wishes and plans. This means that he cannot.
always provide for or obtain the results that may
be most desirable from a scientific point of view.
Many thoroughly desirable silvicultural operations
must be ignored, for example, an improvement
thinning may be scientifically necessary, but it
there is no market for the material, and the own
er does not wish to bear the expense, the opera
tlon must be delayed until the material reaches a
marketable size. The first thing, then, is for the
forester to meet the owner’s wishes, making such
derstand these conditions thoroughly, and the de
mands of a region, may mean the financial fail
ure of a plan. Oftentimes’ these local conditions
preclude the possibility of certain provisions high
ly desirable from a technical standpoint, but
which for practical reasons are impossible. In
other words, the practical must be given full con
sideration along with the technical.
aVith complete co-operation between forester
and owner, and a disposition on the part of both
to make the necessary sacrifices, together. with
an understanding on the part of the former of
the really practical side of the problem, there
should be less and less cause for the abandon
ment of the provisions of working plans made
for definite periods.
The first working plan in Vermont under the
state forest service, was made by the writer while
engaged as asbistant to the state forester. The
area treated is ownd by Dr. William Stanford
Stevens of Albans, Vermont, and is located at
Enosburg, in the same state. An outline of the
work and its provisions follow. ¢
The area involved embraces 900 acres, divided
as follows: :
Woodland, 360 acres; pasture land, 344 acres;
meadow, 196 acres.
The conditions that led the owner to consider
the possibilities of forestry were these: The area
had been maintained under a more or less diver
sified system of farm management, and as the own.
er did not live on or near the property, he wished
to be relieved of the care and attention that such
an arrangement involved.
To accomplish this purpose it seemed best to
bring the three classes of land under a definite
and permanent system of management through
the provlslon's and maintenance of a forest work
ing plan. :
The provistons follow:
1. To complete the treatment of the whole tract
at the end of ten years.
2. All woodland to be treated is divided into
ten equal areas, one to be thinned in the fall and
winter of each. year.
3. All pasture land is divided into ten equal
areas, one to be planted in the spring of each year
4. All meadow land will be maintained as such.
5. For each wooded area, the kind of thinning
to employ is stated; also a rough estimate, to
. gether with net value, of the amount to come out
6. For each area to be planted, the species are
selected and the number necessary given, together
with the total cost of the work.
The woodland is mixed, hardwoods consisting of
sugar maple, yellow birch, beech, and a smal
percentage of ash, basswood, poplar, ironwood
cherry and elm, with young hemlock and spruce
reproduction well established on a few sections
Sugar maple reproduction is especially good, anc
with ash and basswood is particularly desirable.
In treating this area either reproduction or im
provement thinnings were prescribed, removing
all undesirable and over-mature species and suct
mature species as seemed best for the require
ments of the area, Thus only desirable species
were left to reproduce as well as to become mors
- valuable through increased growth..
In carrying out'the fleld work for this plan, the
ared was first surveyed both by boundaries anc
types of land. It was necessary to u&m the
gcientific sacrifices
as are necessary,
and not making the
plan as he, himself,
would prefer.
He then should
make a thorough
study of the mar
kets of the region
and plan his cut
tings accordingly.
Different localities
vary in their ability
to absorb a wide
range and class of
material. Cord wood
may have no value,
or it may be worth
25 cents or $1 a
cord on the stump,
and S 0 on up
through the higher
class of forest prod
ucts. Failure to un-
area of each, with the exception of
- land, in order that the total
could be divided into ten equal parts
for annual treatment. Upon each
wooded section the total stand of
material was estimated, both in board
feet and cords, the system of manage-
' of land together
with the specified area to be thinned or planted
each .year. For example, 1910-1911-1912, etc, de
note the year in which the area is to be cut, which
I, Ib, 1e; 11, 111, etc., denote the area and order of
planting; I to be planted in 1910, II in 1911, etc.
In the written plan a complete statement of the
treatment of each section, both cutting and plant
ing, is given for each year. For example:
1910.
Woodland. 22 acres will be thinned, 1a being
clear cut for planting.
Planting, 32.41 A will be planted with white pine,
namely Ib, ¢, d and e. 1a is not to be treated; 1d
has been staked out. The other acres have definite
boundaries. On this area there is sufficient cord
wood avallable to make its removal profitable.
1911,
Woodland. 20 acres will be thinned. Os this area
7.8 acres in the lot by the sugar-house have been
marked for a reproduction cutting. Tract Vb will
be clear cut for planting. |
Planting. Tract 11. 37.36 A will be planted with i
white -pine. All apple trees, brakes and hard hack
are to be removed: : i
OUTLINE FOR CUTTING. |
Sale Price Sale Price ‘
Board. $3.50 $ .30
Years. Feet. per M. Cords. perM. Total.
1910....30,000 $105.00 130 $39.00 $144.00
1911....22,000 77.00 240 72.00 149.00
OUTLINE FOR PLANTING.
Year. Block. Area, Acres. Species. Number.
19105 sl 10.56 White pine 12,000
1.0 2.38 White pine 2,400
1 17.24 White pine 17,240
le 2.24 White pine 2,688
32.42 34,328
1911 ;5001 37.36 White pine 37,260
(The’ acreage of woodland to be treated is cut
down from the total 360 by the fact that about 150
acres was being cut over under a contract made
previous to the adoption of this plan. It accounts
for only 22 and 20 acres coming under management
for the years given above, which is, of course, not
one-tenth of the total area of woodland.)
It is estimated that the total receipts from the
cutiing, including the tract being cut under contract
above mentioned, will pay the complete cost of
planting and seedlings.
The plan just outlined means that at the end of
the ten-year period the owner will have his wood
land under a good system of forest management,
and greatly improved over .its present condition,
together with 344 acres planted to Norway spruce
and white pine, the cost of which being met as be
fore stated by the returns from the area itself.
The returns from thinnings which will be made on
each section In the period from 1935 to 1945, mak
ing each section thinned 25 yeass old, will give a
considerable return. At this time about 400 trees
per acre will be removed. From 1950 te 1960 the
area will be clear cut by sections and replanted.
The total yleld from this cutting should be at least
30,000 board feet per acre. The plan also pro
vides for proper fire protection, which is absolutely
necessary for the successful maturing of a planta
tion. It also states the conditions which any com
tractor must meet who makes the cuttings during
the next ten years. These conditions follow:
1. Al trees to come out are blazed and stamped
with the letter “V.”
2. The contractor must take all marked and leave
all unmarked trees.
3. Care in felling must be taken In order that
young growth and reproduction will not be injured.
4. Al scund logs 6 inches at the small end and
over are to go into lumber.
5. Sound down timber and tops of felled trees are
to be cut into cord wood.
6. Care must be taken in skidding logs not to in
jure standing trees and reproduction.
7. The contractor will be liable to a penalty of
twice the value of any tree that is cut not bearing
the official stamp.
8. All work is subject to inspection. :
The state forester also agrees to mark the trees
to cut each year. :
While the owner himself will not enjoy this re
turn, the plan offers an example of the instance
.cited previously by which an individual is willing to
maké a longtime investment in order to make it
possible for the next generation in his family to
enjoy the results. ‘
ment and the char
acter of thinning
necessary was pre
scribed, and the
material to come
out the first year
marked. Where a
reproduction cut
ting was recom
mended, provisions
for keeping out
grazing were
made.
Upon each sec:
tion of pastute
land the necessary
planting and spe
cles were deter
mined, together
with the fencing
required to pre
vent grazing and
killing young
planted material.
- In the office, a
map was prepared
showing each class
from woman’s ailments are invited to write_to ‘the names and
addresses here given, for positive proof that Lydia E. Pinkham’s
Vegetable Compound does cure female ills oA
Tumor Removed.
Elm]o;, Mloé'-Mts.Suah J.Stuart,R.F.D. N 0.2,
. 0X
Peoria,lll.=Mrs, Christina Reed,losMoundSt.
Natick, Mass.=Mrs, Rathan B, Greaton, b1
North Main St.
Milwaukee, Wis.=Mrs. Emma Imse)B33 Ist St.
Chicago, Tf.=Mrs. Alvena Sperling, 1463 Cly
bourne Ave. 0
Galena, Kan.=Mrs.R.R. Hueé.'lla Mineral Av.
Victoria, Misg.=Mrs, Willie Edwards.
Cint;iinna.tAl, Ohio,=Mrs,W. H. Housh, 7 East
el Chan%o of Life.
Epping, N.H.=Mrs, Celia E. Stevens.
Streator, Ill,==Mrs, J. H. Campbell, 206 North
Second St.
Brooklin,,N.Y. =Mrs. Evens, 826 Halsey St.
Noah, Ky.=Mrs. Lizzie Holland,
Cathamet, Wash.=Mrs.Elva Barber Edwards.
Circleville, Ohio.=Mrs, Alice Kirlin, 333 West
Huston St.
Salem, Ind.=Mrs. Lizzie 8. Hinkle, R.R. N 0.3.
New Orleans, La.==Mrs, Gaston Blondeau,lßl3;
Terpsichore St.
Mishawaka, Ind.=Mrs, Chas. Bauer, Sr., 523
East Marion B¢,
Racine,Wis.=Mrs. Katie Kubik, R. 2, Box 51.
Beaver Falls,Pa.=Mrs, W.P.80yd,24109th Av.
Maternity Troubles.
Bronaugh, Mo.=Mrs. D. F. Aleshire,
Phenix, R.l.=Mrs, Wm. O. King, Box 282.
C&l‘llb&%tt, N.J.=Mrs, Louis Fischer, 32 Mon
roe St. :
South Sanford, Me.=Mrs. Charles A. Austin,
Soh%nectady, N'.Y.-M.rs.H.Porter,7B2 Albany
.
Taylorville, Ill.=Mrs. Joe Grantham, 825 W.
Vandeveer St. .
Cineinnati, Ohio.=Mrs, Sophia Hoff, 5156 Mc-
Micken Ave.
B&Run, Pa.=Mrs. W, E. Pooler.
Philadelphia, Pa.=DMrs. M. Johnston, 210
Siegel St. Biclashe:
Peoria, Tll.=Mrs, Clara L. Gauwitz, R. R. No.
4, Box 62.
Augusta, Me,=Mrs.Winfleld Dana, R.F. D. 2.
Bt. Paul, Minn.—=Mrs, B. M. Schorn, 1083
Womibridge St.
Plttsburé, §&=Ml‘l. @G. Leiser, 5219 Kinkaid
St., E.E. :
Kearney, Mo.=Mrs, Thomas Asburry.
Blue Is?and, Ill.=Mrs. Anna Schwartz, 328
Grove St.
East Earl, Pa.=Mrs, Augustus Lyon,R.F.D 2.
Operations Avoided.
Sikeston, Mo.=Mrs. Dema Bethuns,
Gardiner, Me.=Mrs. 8. A, Williams, 142 Wash
ington Ave.
Chicago, Ill.==Mrs.Wm. Ahrens,2239W.2lst St.
Bellevue, Ohio.=Mrs, Edith Wieland, 238
DeForost Wis.=Mrs. Auguste V
eFores s.=Mrs, Au e Vespermann.,
Dexter, Kansas.=Mrs, Lfl]zie Scott.
These women are only a few of thousands of living witnesses of
the power of Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound to cure female
diseases. Not one of these women ever received compensation in an
form for the use of their names in this advertisement—but are wfli
ing that we should refer to them because of the good they may
do other suffering women to prove that Lydia E. Pinkham’s
Vegetable Comé;ound is a reliable and honest medicine, and that the
statements made in our advertisements regarding its merit are the
truth and nothing but the truth.
W. L. DOUGCLAS,
$2.50, #3.00, *3.50 & *4.00 SHOES é
WOMEN wear W.L.Douglas stylish, perfect [/%%:
fitting, easy walking boots, because they give "
long wear, same as W.L.Douglas Men’s shoes. s
THE STANDARD OF QUALITY
FOR OVER 30 YEARS
The workmanship which has madeW. L.
Douglas shoes famous the world over is
maintained in every pair.
If I could take you into my large factories
at Brockton, Mass,, and show you how
carefully W.L.Douglas shoes are made, you
would then understand why they are war
ranted to hold their shape, fit better and
wear longer than any othermakefor the price
CAUTION o, st on seamped 5n botsom
If you cannot obtain W. L. Douglas shoes in
R T e L W
DOUGLAS! 145 Spark St., Brockton, Mass.
Special Offer to Printers
This Baper is printed from ink made in Savannah, Ga. by
the SOUTHERN OIL & INK CO., Savannah, Ga. Price 6 cents
per pound, F. O. B. Savannah. Your patronage solicited.
Red Cross Christmas Seals.
A statement denying the recent re
ports about the abandonment of the
Red Cross Christmas seal sale has
been issued by the National Associa
tioh for the Study and Prevention of
Tuberculosis. The statement declares
that not only will the sale be held
this year, as in the past three years,
but that it will be conducted on broad
er lines than -ever before. The only
order issued by the postoffice depart
ment which bears on the sale of Red
Cross seals was sent out on July 1,
and prohibits the use of the malils to
letters and packages bearing mnon
postage stamps on the face, and also
to any mail bearing seals which re
semble postage stamps, if used either
on the face or back. The Red Cross
seal to be used this year has been
submitted to the postoffice depart
ment and approved, and thus may be
used, but only on the back of letters
and packages. The design to be used
this year depicts a pretty winter scene
enclosed with a heavy red circle. The
corners are white, thus giving the ef
fect when affixed to a letter or a
package of a round seal
Not a Bit.
“In getting married Mr. Sothern
and Miss Marlowe showed very little
consideration for the public.”
“Why so?”
“There’s no fun in watching a man
and his wife play ‘Romeo and Juliet.’ ”
TO DRIVE OUT MALARIA
AND BUILD UP THE SYSTEM
Take the Old Standard GROVK'S TASTELESS
- QHILL TONIC. You know what you are taking.
'II‘::W{:;T t:l il: s}:nlfil;gtll{nmén::fi Iggn fx! %r{ub&'fi:ls?
:
lormr.nd the most effectual form. For grown
people and children, 50 cents.
. As long as there are people in the
world who try to get something for
nothing, a lot of other people will be
able to live Without work.
Organic Displacements. 1
Blchk Dlgck, Minn,=Mrs, Anna Anderson,
ox 19, |
Wesleyville, Pa.—Mrs, Maggie Ester,R.F.D. 1.
'.[‘renAton, Mo.-m;.w. T.afiemeu, 807 Lincoln
venue.
Cams%en,N .J=Mrs, Ella Johnston, 289 Liberty
Chicago, Tll.=Mrs: Wm. Tully, 2052 Ogden
Avenue.
Painful Periods. :
Csleltslonibai. ‘Wis.=DMrs. Ph. Schattner, R.R. 14,
.Box b 4.
Adrian, Mo.=Mrs, 0. B, Muon,g!.x. No. 2.
N. Oxford, Mass.=Miss Amelia Duso, Box 14.
Baltimore,Ohio.=Mrs.A.A.Balenger,R.F.D.l.
Negaunee, Mich, -M:l.Marwadlook 80x1273.
Orrville, Ghio,=Mrs. E. F. ;fnar. Box 620.
Atwater, Ohio.=Miss Minnie uelha:gt.
Praißr’hi:iu(ihien,Wh.-Mxl.JuUaKo heck,
» NO.
Irregularity.
Bnfla.lo,tl‘lé;f.-uu. Clara Darbrake,l7Marie~
mont St.
‘Winchester, Ind.=Mrs. May Deal, R.R.N0.7.
Bt. Reiil Falls, N.Y.=Mrs. J, H. fiteyere. i
Gr?vi le, Ill.=Mrs. Jessie Schaar, Box 22,
Hudson, Ohio,=Mrs. Geo. Strickler, R. No. 8,
Box 32,
Ovarian Trouble.
Murrayville, Ill.=Mrs. Chas. Moore, R. R. 8. '
Phflfid?lpgéa, Pa.=Mrs. Chas. Boell, 2219 N,
ole Bt.
Minneapolis, Minn,=Mrs., John G. Moldan,
2115 Second St., North
Hudson, Ohio.=Mrs.Lena éarmoeino,R.F.D.‘!.
Westwood, Md.=Mrs. John F. Richards. 1
Benjamin, Mo.=Mrs. Julia Frantz, R.F.D. 1.
" Female Weakness. * :
W.Terre Haute, Ind.=Mrs. Artie E. Hamilton,
Elmo, Mo.==Mrs, A. C. DaVault.
Lawrence,lowa.=Mrs.Julia A.Snow, R.No. 8.
Utica, Ohio,=Mrs. Mary Earlwine, K. F. D, 8,
Bellle)v%?, 07hio.—Mrs. Charley Chapman, R.F.
. No. 7.
Elg%‘;’ Ill.=Mrs, Henry Leiseberg, 743 Adams
Schaefi’erstow'n, Pa,=Mrs. Cyrus Hetrich.
Cresson, Pa.=Mrs. Ella E, Jke s
Fairlcblfnce, Pa.=Mrs. Idella A, Bunha.m, Box
Nervous Prostration. 3
Knoxville, lowa.=Mrs. Clara Franks,R.F.D. 8.
Oronogo, Mo.=Mrs. Mae McKnight. !
Camden, N.J.=Mrs. W. P.Valentine, 802 Line
coln Avenue,
Muddy, Ill.=Mrs. May Nolen.
Brookville, Ohio.=Mrs. R. Kinnizon,
Fitchville, Ohio.=Mrs. C. Cole.
Philadelphia, Pa.=Mrs. Frank Clark, 2416 8..
Allegheny Ave.
. ONE PAIR of my BOYS’ 82, 82.50 or
. $3.00 SHOES will positively outwear
. TWO PAIRS of ordinary boys’ahoes
TOO MUCH FOR SMALL BRAIN
Big Word Meant an Effort, but This
- Little Girl Made Brave
Attempt. I
This incident occurred just after a
Jewish holiday. It was in a third
grade school in Cleveland in a dis
trict of Russian and Hungarian Jews.
The teacher was explaining the
meaning of the word judicious. She
asked the children to give her storiel
about the word.
After several had given {llustra
tions about the judicious use of
money, the teacher said: ™
“Now give me a story about some
thing judicious without money in it.”
A little girl finally volunteered. She
said:
“On our holiday we had roast goose
and a whole lot of other Jew dishes."
Determined.
Gillej—What did you ' pay that
world famous specialist $560 for if you
felt perfectly well?
Perry—l wanted to know how he
pronounced appendicitis.
N A Yek SB e R M SIS 3, BTSRRI OLA e,
FOR OLD AND YOUNG
Tutt’s Liver Pills act as_kindly on the child,
the delicate female or infirm old age, as upon
the vigorous man. 3
give tone and ntren§to the wcllk m.us;.
bowels, kidneys and bladder, . e
FOR T o ’
eve o RKGUICHATNGINYE
REMEMBER
for CoucHsS & COLD
