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CAREFUL MANAGEMENT NEEDED
IN BREEDING COWS FOR DAIRY
Animals That Produce Pound of Butter and Cheese the
Cheapest Are the Ones to Keep—One Reason Why
So Many Herds Do Not Return Profit From
Their Food and Cost of Attendance.
(By W. M. KELLY.)
There is no phase of the dairy busi
ness that needs more study or more
careful management than does the
breeding of the cow.
Upon the cow depends success or
failure and we must, after selecting
her, look to her care and her feed,
and to the handling of her products.
The fact that dairymen have de
voted more attention to other phases
of their dairying than to the breeding
and development of the cow is one of
the reasons why so many of our dairy
herds are not capable of returning
a profit from their food and cost of
attendance.
We are often asked which is the
best breed of dairy cattle to select for
the dairy? To such men I would say
that there is no best breed. Some
think because they have Jerseys they
are on the royal road to success.
Others think that the Holsteins will
bring prosperity to the farm.
This is a sad mistake, for scrubs
are very common among the pure
breeds, and a pure-bred scrub is with
out doubt the worst scrub of all.
Select cows having individual ex
cellence as determined by the Babcock
test and scales in starting a herd.
Better and more uniform results of
breeding may be secured if the ani
mals are of one type of breed and
great care should be exercised in get
ting individuals which possess to a
certainty the characteristics we desire
to perpetuate in the herd.
What we dairymen want is a herd
of cows that will give a profit at the
pail, whether pure-breds or grades.
The ones that will produce a pound of
butter or cheese the cheapest are the
ones that we want to keep in our
herds.
We have a number of improved
breeds of dairy cows that represent
the skill of years in their perfection,
but in adopting any of these breeds
we should consider the conditions and
environments under which they have
been developed in their original homes
and then plan to make our care and
feed and general management con
form to the conditions under which
the breed had been developed.
If a man has Jerseys, give them Isle
of Jersey care and feed for they can
not succeed on scrub fare and fodder.
They were not intended for that pur
pose.
The Jersey cow is a delicate, nerv
ous machine and requires warmth,
kindness and liberal feeding to make
her profitable.
If Holsteins are selected do not ex
pect them to thrive on closely cropped,
scanty pastures where they are com
pelled to rustle all day to gather suf
ficient food.
Give them the care they were de
veloped under, large amounts of suc
culent forage and well cured hay,
warm stables, and kind treatment.
You may get pure-breds if you can
afford them, but all farmers are not
able to buy pure-breds. However, al
ways use a pure-bred sire.
The breeding bull always represents
half the value of the breeding power
of the herd if it is desired to grow
calves for the dairy.
Select them from some of the well
known families of the breed and be
sure that he possesses prepotency
which gives promise of being a good
calf-getter.
A bull of this kind will give you
excellent results in improving the
herd. Some of the best herds in the
country are high grades that have re
sulted from the continued use of good
sires.
In order to be successful as breeders
we must learn some of the lessons
associated with our stock; have an
ideal type in our minds and always in
our selection and mating be seeking
to improve the type and standard in
our herd.
The best special purpose animal is
none too good. Never strive to pro
duce a general purpose animal by
mixing beef and dairy breeds. Aim
to produce the animal whose special
characteristic is the cheap production
of a pound of butter or a gallon of
milk.
Always seek to have the crosses in
harmony. Do not mate extremes.
Vigor and constitution are two essen
tials. Unless a cow possesses vigor in
A Prize Winning Jersey Heifer.
constitution she will make a poor
breeder.
Do not inbreed unless you have a
definite object In view, such as inten
sifying some particular good quality
and then do it by breeding the sire to
some of his own get.
This should not be followed up too
closely. Plan to have the heifers drop
their first calves at about 24 to 30
months of age. Their offspring will
be more vigorous and there will be
better results than by forcing an im
mature animal to bear progeny.
Breed cows are large feeders. Feed
them a liberal ration of milk-produc
ing foods and give them the best of
care. Keep in mind that bad qual
ities are more easily transmitted than
the good ones.
MULCHING THE
STRAWBERRY BED
Where Straw Is Not Readily Ob
tainable it Is Difficult to Get
a Covering of Risht
Thickness.
(By H. F. GRINSTEAD, Missouri.)
Where straw is readily obtainable
it is difficult to spread properly over
the strawberry plants so that it will
be thick enough yet not smother the
plants or require raking off in the
string.
A mulch of oats or sorghum is the
best thing I know of that may be
sown between the rows.
Oats alone has been tried, but from
the fact that we often have a very
dry fall it has not always made a
satisfactory growth before frost.
Sorghum or kaffir corn are dry
weather plants, and if there is suffi
cient moisture in the soil to germin
ate the seed they will grow till frost.
A good plan is to sow oats and sor
ghum or oats and kaffir corn in mix
ture and thick enough so that it will
not be coarse.
As soon as it is killed by the frost
the sorghum will fall, making an ideal
mulch. Then, as the weather becomes'
more severe the oats will be killed.
Mulch grown in this way will al
ways be found thickest where needed
—in bare places and between the
rows.
It cannot possibly smother out the
plants no matter how rank it grows,
and is the best for keeping the fruit
off the ground in the spring.
One of the greatest advantages in
a mulch of this kind Js that you are
reasonably sure to have no weeds
sown with it, as is often the case
when using wheat, straw.
LAY DRAIN TILE
THROUGH SWAMP
Good Plan Shown Where Ground
Is So Soft as to Not Per
mit of Diggins Satis
factory Ditch.
It is frequently advisable to lay
drain tile through a bog or swamp
where the ground is so soft as not to
permit digging a satisfactory drain
ditch. By driving stakes in the ground
and laying a one-inch board on the
tops of them, and upon this laying the
line of tile, a good flow of water can
be secured. This tile must be laid be-
Tiling a Swamp.
low the wet weather water level ano
after the land has been thoroughly
drained for a year or two the tile can
be removed and the stakes driven
deeper, so that it rests upon solid
earth.
Cure Feather Pulling.
A good remedy for feather-pul’ing
hens is said to be a piece of tough
meat or bone with lean meat clinging
to It. They will pick at the meat in
stead of pulling feathers.
IORI
COMBIJED PENCIL AND LIGHT
Will Be Found of Great Convenience
in Making Notes or Plans in
Dark Basements.
An architest desires to make a note
of some defect in the dark basement
of a building, an author to record a
sudden midnight inspiration, the
sleuth to sketch a plan on the spot;
in fact, many Instances arise where
the electric pencil shown in the illus
tration would be useful in giving a
little light and that only where need-
Combined Pencil and Light.
ed, says the Popular Electricity. By
turning the screw at the top the light
is switched on. When the pencil at
tachment is removed the device may
be used like the ordinary pocket light.
In designing a novelty of this kind the
battery could be placed in the barrel
of the pencil and one of the very
small “grain of wheat” lamps which
are made for dental purposes, etc.,
could be used.
ELECTRIC POWER FROM WIND
Economical Plants Can Be Used by
Providing Gasoline Motors When
ever Nature Takes Rest.
There has never been a time when
the forces of nature were subjected
to such r arching scrutiny to deter
mine their availability for the devel
opment of mechanical power as they
receive at present. This arises main
ly from the progressive use of elec
tricity.
Among other things it is believed
that the wind can be utilized to a far
greater extent than in the past, espe
cially for electric lighting. With this
object in view the average state of
the wind has been investigated in
England. It is found that for approx
imately half the time the mean wind
velocity is ten miles an hour, and for
about one-third of the time 15 miles.
In the winter the average is higher.
The great difficulty arises from the
calm periods, which may last days, or
even a week, but it has been shown
that economical lighting plants can be
based upon wind power by providing
gasoline motors to take up the work
whenever the wind fails.
MUCH HAND LABOR IS SAVED
Electric Valve-Grinding Tool Has Just
Been Placed on the Market by
American Company.
A line of electric valve-grinding
tools, for grinding valves of the lift
or poppet type, as in automobile en-
Electric Valve-Grinding Tool.
gines, compressors, etc., or any form
of globe valve, or air or gas cock, has
been placed on the market by an
American tool company, says the Pop
ular Mechanics. These tools take the
place of hand labor in grinding valves
which require to be reseated periodi
cally.
Furnaces of Niagara.
The abundant supply of electric en
ergy derived from the falls of Niagara
has produced the hottest furnaces in
the world. They melt clay to form
the precious metal aluminum, .they
fuse lime and carbon—the most infus
able of all elements —to produce the
curious new compound calcium car
bide; they produce graphite, which is
almost as hard as the diamond, they
turn out vast quantities of phosphorus,
and they cap the climax by manufac
turing the invaluable carborundum. It
is said that the diamond kingdom is
the only one left for the furnaces of
Niagara to conquer.
Corporation With a Soul.
An Illinois electric light company
is making an effort to show its patrons
that corporations are not without
heart, and during the past summer it
has been supplying free, on the rec
ommendation of physicians, electric
fans and the necessary current to
drive them, in the sick rooms of per
sons who are unable to pay for the
service and who would be benefited by
the presence of the fans. In many
cases where houses were not wired
the company did the necessary work
without cost.
LATEST IN LIFE PRESERVERS
Useful Device, Which May Be In
troduced Into German Navy, Has
Electric Light Attachment.
A new life preserver, whiqh has
been successfully tried, may be in
troduced into the German navy, writes
the American consul from Brunswick.
The apparatus, which weighs five and
one-half pounds, consists of two swim
ming cushions bound together by
straps. The cushions lie upon the
breast and back. The apparatus is
provided with a small lamp fed by a
battery. The lamp can be fastened
around the head with a band worn on
the forehead, so that in an accident
at night the position of the person in
the water can be seen at a consider
able distance. The small electrical
lamp burns three to four hours, and,
with a reflector added, throws the
light several hundred yards at night.
In several recent tests of life saving
at night the victims of the supposed
shipwreck, by aid of the lamp, have
been easily discovered. The life pre
server can be buckled around the
body in five seconds. The lamp be
gins to shine as soon as the buckle is
fastened.
In case of catastrophies to war
ships the worth of the life preserver
cannot be overestimated, though in j
case of war its use would not be ad
visable.
HANGING WIRE FROM A TREE
Excellent Method for Stringing Single
Telephone Strand Through Woods
and Swamps.
Should it be necessary to run a |
single telephone wire through woods '
and swamps, swing the line to trees i
with the hanger as shown in the il
lustration. This will save many poles
V-NC WlWt
Single Wire Hung From Tree.
from being placed where possibly it
would be hard to keep them standing,
especially in swamps, says Telephony. i
Be careful to so run the wire that
branches and leaves cannot even
touch it when thc-j swing in the wind.
Feat of Electric Motor.
A remarkable performance of an
electric motor is noted in a recent is
sue of an electrical paper. The motor
was doing service in a mine geared to
a pump, and because of the high tem
perature prevailing at the spot the
motor was not enclosed, as they often
are. During last winter the mine was
flooded, submerging the pump and the
motor to a depth of two feet. As it
was necessary to continue the opera
tion of the pump the motor was not
shut down, and for two hours it ran
without interruption, though com
pletely submerged, until it had actual
ly pumped itself clear of water. The
motor suffered no damage and was
stopped only long enough to clean off
the dirt and chips around the motor,
after which the bearings were oiled,
and it was startea again. Since then
it has been running steadily for an
average of 20 hours a day.
Electrolytic Iron.
Iron is now being produced electro
lytically by a method devised by a
German scientist and tried out at a
large electrochemical plant at Leipzig.
The iron obtained is said to be excep
tionally pure, and is formed in a
bright, very solid and easily worked
sheet on the electrode. By selecting
electrodes of suitable shapes, tubing
and even very complicated forms of
sheet iron may be readily made.
The electrolytic iron is said to be
magnetized and demagnetized much
more rapidly than ordinary soft iron,
which, it is believed, will give it a
wide field of usefulness in the con- :
struction of electromagnets.
ELECTRICAL
i NOTES ■
There are at present eighteen recog
nized systems of wireless telegraphy.
An electric meter has been invented
for measuring the flow of steam in
pipes.
new electrical office device will
seal, stamp and keep a record of 150
letters per minute.
A machine has been Invented to
paste paper labels on bottles. It is
driven by an electric motor.
An attachment has been invented to
make an alarm clock turn on and light
a gas jet at a predetermined time.
Up to date the motor vehicles that
have been registered by the London
county council number more than
57,000.
The Paris department stores use
storage battery driven electric tri
cycles to deliver purchases to cus
tomers.
To a Massachusetts man has been
granted a patent for an electric lamp
and reflector for Inspecting the inside
of shoes.
In the kitchens of the United States
Military academy at West Point, N
T., practically all the work iS done by
electricity.
Cinematograph theaters are very
popular all over Great Britain. The
United States supplies 60 to 75 per
cent, of the films used.
A new insulator for use In elec
trical work is made by condensins
phenol and formaldehyde. It Is sum
to resemble Japanese lacquer.
FAMOUSJUFFRAGIST
Began Life’s Battle Handicapped
by Fate.
Early Struggles of Dr. Anna Shaw,
Head of the Suffrage Association,
Who Won Success Against
Many Discouragements.
Boston, Mass. —One of the ablest
leaders connected with the woman
suffrage movement in the United
States is Dr. Anna Shaw, president
of the National Suffrage association.
She started for Albion college, in Mich
igan, with just $lB in her pocket. She
had earned that $lB by teaching
school at $1 a week, and after she
had earned it she had to wait one
year for the dog tax to be collected
to get her pay.
Dr. Shaw was born in England, like
those other pioneers of the suffrage
movement, the Blackwells. But her
parents took her into Michigan 52
years ago, when she was eight, having
stopped four years in Massachusetts
on the way. They traveled days and
days in an old-fashioned prairie
schooner to reach their destination.
Then they lived in a log cabin. The
cabin was papered with spare copies
of Horace Greeley’s paper, and Anna
learned to read from the paper on the
walls, beginning with the big letters
in the advertisements and progressing
to the editorials.
Miss ^Shaw spent four years in col
lege and another four in the theolog
ical and medical schools of Boston
university. Her people were deeply
opposed to the whole plan and told
HE ^7
I IPw % X '
I W*. s
her they could do nothing whatever
to help her. During that eight years
she had only s9l that she did not
earn.
She lived in an attic without any
fire—in a Boston winter. She studied
fa bed to keep warm, her breath mak
ing frosty clouds upon the air. She
had not food enough to satisfy hunger.
One day she was sitting op the
stairs. She had sat down because she
felt too weak to get to the top. A
woman whom she knew slightly came
along and asked her why she ■was sit
ting on the stairs. When she found
out she went away and borrowed s9l
from another woman and gave it to
Miss Shaw with the proviso that she
was never to know from whom it
came. That was the only help she
bad through her course. She repaid
the money after she was graduated
and never knew who lent it.
But about this time she acquired
the warm friendship of Mrs. Persis
Addy, a widow. During the final year
of her course Mrs. Addy took her into
her home, and though the student paid
the same board she had been paying,
she had for it the comforts of a good
home and the devoted care of Mrs.
Addy. Mrs. Addy had planned to go
to Europe and take Miss Shaw with
her as soon as the latter should have
finished her course. She died just be
fore commencement, but in her will
left Miss Shaw $1,500 for the specified
purpose of taking a European trip.
When she was planning this journey
Mrs. Addy’s father said to her:
"Now, you will spend that money
and it will be gone forever. Instead
of cash, let me give you two bonds
worth $1,500 Then I will keep the
bonds for security and lend you $1,500
on them. When you get to work you
can repay me as convenient, and
when it is all paid the bonds will be
yours again.”
She did this, and having acquired a
certain sentiment about the matter,
has done the same ever since. She
has left the bonds on deposit and let
the interest accumulate, and they
have paid the actual traveling ex
penses of her three trips to Europe.
Miss Shaw took the medical course
because during her theological course
she did missionary work in Boston.
She found, to use her own words, that
she "had nothing the people wanted.”
They did not want either her theology
or her gospel. They wanted help in
their material lives. She took the med
ical course in order that she might
give them free medical treatment.
It was as a missionary doctor and
preacher in the slums of Boston that
Miss Shaw became convinced that
(here were certain defects In an all
male government which called for po
litical power in the hands of women.
She had always believed in woman
suffrage. Now she decided to work
for it. She began to speak for the
Massachusetts Suffrage association
and from that grew her national
work.
MACON, DUBLIN AND SAVANNAH
RAILROAD COMPANY
LOCAL TIME TABLE.
Effective July 2, 1911.
No.lß NoJd Sta ti onT~No.l 9 ~NoA7
A.M. P.M. Lv. Ar. A.M. P.M. •
“Tiio 3725 Macon 11715 4730
7:22 3:37 Swiftcreek 11:03 4:20
7:30 3:45 Drybranch 10:55 4:12
7:34 3:49 Atlantic 10:51 4:09
7:38 3:53 Pike’s Peak 10:48 4:06
7:45 4:00 Fitzpatrick 10:42 4:00
7:50 4:04 Ripley 10:37 3:53
8:00 4:14 Jeff’sonville 10:27 3:42
8:10 4:23 Gallemore 10:15 3:30
8:20 4:33 Danvilel 10:07 3:22
8:25 4:38 Allentown 10:02 3:17
8:34 4:47 Montrose 9:53 3:08
8:44 4:57 Dudley 9:42 2:58
8:50 5:03 Shewmake 9:36 2:52
8:55 5:09 Moore 9:29 2:45
9:10 5:25 ar lv 9:15 2:39
Dublin
9:15 5:30 lv ar 9:10 2:25
9:17 5:32 SouMD&S.Jct 9:03 2:23
9:21 5:36 NorMD&SJct 9:04 2:19
9:31 5:45 Catlin 8:54 2:09
9:40 5.54 Mintor 8:47 2:01
9:50 6:05 Rockledge 8:36 1:50
9:55 6:10 Orland 8:31 1:45
10:08 6:23 Soporton 8:19 1:33
10:19 6:34 Tarrytown 8:07 1:21
10:26 6:41 Kibbee 8:00 1:15
10:40 6:55 Vidalia 7:45 1:00
CONNECTIONS.
At Dublin with the Wrightsville and
Tennille and-- the Dublin and South
western for Eastman and Tennille
and intermediate points.
At Macon iwth Southern railway
from and to Cincinnati, Chattanooga,
Rome, Birmingham, Atlanta and in
termediate points. Also the Central
of Georgia, G., S. & F. railway. Ma
son and Birmingham railway and th«
Georgia railroad.
At Rockledge with the Millen and
Southwestern for Wadley and inter
mediate points.
At Vidalia with the Seaboard Air
Line for Savannah and intermediate
points, and with the Millen and South
western for Millen, Stillmore and in
termediate points.
J. A. STREYER. G. P. A.,
Macon. Ga.
Foley’s
ORINO
Laxative
Is Pleasant and Effect Iva
CURES
Constipation, Stomach and
Liver Trouble.
by stimulating these organs and
restoring their natural action.
Is best for women and chil
dren as ORINO does not gripe
or nauseate. /i
Portable and Stationasr
1111 Uli ilJm
AND BOILERS.
Baw, Lath and Shingle MflU Injeetora,
Pump* and fittings, Wood Bsws, Split
tera, Shafts, Pulltya, Belting, Gaw-
Use Engine*.
LARGE STOCK AT
LOMBARD
Peundry, Machine and Boiler WefW
Supply Store.
AUGUSTA, GA.
SIOIEYWWYCW
W jkea Kidneys and Bladder Right
JlYour
Printing
F 3
If it is worth
doing at all,
it’s worth do
ing well.
First class work
at all times is
our motto.
Let\ us figure
with you on
your next job.
E~ LZZI
