J. A. TriIXKR, KDITOIi.J
VOLUME I.
%M\\l
Crossing the Flcoil.
There is n stream, whose narrow tide
The known and unknown worlds divide
Where all must go;
Its wavelcss waters, dark and deep,
• Mid sullen silence downward sweep,
With ceaseless flow.
I saw where, at the dreary flood,
A smilling infant prattling st<K>d,
Whose a mr had -come :
Fearless of ill it neared the tide.
Sunk as to cradle-rest and died
Like going homo.
Followed, with languid eye, anon,
A youth, diseased, and pale, and wan;
And there alone,
He gaied upon the leaden stream,
And feared to plunge—l heard a scream,
And he was gone.
And then a form in manhood's strength,
t'ame bustling on till there at.length,
lie saw life's bound;
He shrank and raised the bitt< r prayer,
Too late—lms shrieks of wild despair
The water drowned.
Next stood upon the surgeless shore.
A being bowed with many a score
Os toil so ye yea rs.
E irth-b nin 1 and sa l he lelt the batik.
Lack turned his dimming eye and sank,
Ah! full of fears.
How bitter must thy waters be!
O ! death ! how hard a thing, ah !
It is to die,
In sod— vi •a to t ! a it streu u again
Another child of mortal rua.i
With smiles drew nigh.
•‘Tis the last pang,” lie calmly said,
"To me, O deal!;, thou hast no dread
•Saviour, I come!
Spread but thin.- arm on yonder shore—
I see—ye waters bear me o'er—
There is tny home.”
Miscellaneous.
j
The National E.a on the know
No tilings.
In order to 1* t oar renders see wiiatj
the Abolition organ at Washington ;
City thinks of the Know-Nothings, we j
append the following from its columns: i
As “there is nothing human that j
rnav not be abused and perverted to I
bad uses,” honest men should see to
it that they do not commit themselves j
with an association which tempts to
such abuses bv the removal of a whole
•-•eue responsibility. Who does not
know that the chances of corrup
tion and misgovern nr-lit would ue
fearfully multiplied, were Congress suf
fered to sit with closed doors,‘and to
legislate in s.-civt? ilo ( W long would
this remain a free ebuu.rjf under such
a usage? Here is ail organization of
voters in Pennsylvania,- for example,
numbering 12d,00U. It not only does
not invite public scrutiny, but taxes
every art to bailie it. Its meetings are
called, nobody not initiated, knows
how; it sits with closed doors; its ob
ligations, oaths, creed, policy, are all
studiously concealed ; it discusses, and
- nominates in secret; and on the
day of election its nominees are elect
ed, nobody not initiated can say how,
why, or on what principles! Is this
treating a free people with respect ?
Is this lit and decent in a II publican
Government, in which the, people are
held to be tiie source of power, the tri
bunal to wliicli all questions of legisla
tion should be submitted, for their in
telligent decision ? We can conceive
of no political organization in .this
country so utterly anti-republican, SO
disrespectful to the People, so liable to
flcatulaious abuse. * . ,
Our cotemporary says tiiat he cannot
now “ remember an insiance when its
action has not been liberal, progressive,
aud on the side of right, against ig
norance, bigotry, superstition, and op
pression.” Was the and feat of Benton,
to which it contributed, the triumph
of “right” and “progre.-s?” Is us
action in Mass ciusetts, in thius ng
itside MM slavery issu S’aud g’tdng up
a cay /hate in opposition to the He*
pubiv- Vi/ Party, wit a w hich we have
supposed the Journal to aHi hat', ■‘lib
eral, progressive, and on die side of
rig.it?" 1- its action in New Yo •J"
in dividing the Anti-Slav ry forces,
and in running a thorough paced Sil
ver Grav Whig in opposition to the
candidate of the Anti-Slavery Whigs,
Freese!l Democrat-, R publicans, and
Temperance men, “ho ral, progres
sive, on tiie side of right?” “As an
element,” says the Journal, “if an e.-
erneiit at ah, in the late eh efions in
Onto, Indiana, and Peiinsyl.vania, if
was on the side of the oppressed against
the oppressor, on the side of a strug
gling people, aghast a eons-did .Ted
Government, wielded by .a'T Southern
Oligarchy for barest purposes," All.!
Was its itctiop m <•*-!mg 120,0 )<! vbt s
ibr Mr, Mott, the*N bra ka. A l iHijis
tratio -1 candidate n p.ejji v vaii.a so
the office of Canal Com:nission r, and
in Shearing hpi ciev.ioa u> a majm’tt}
% ffijlttliln loiinml:—fleiiotrii to politics, anil General llisccllaiiii.
of 200,000, “on the side of the op
pr ssed against the oppressor, of tne
struggling people against an Admiiii -
tration, wielded bv a Southern Oligar
chy?”
The Life of Sir John Franklin.
The particulars of the biogiapiiy of
tlie distinguished navigator, the discov
ery of whose unhappy late has * ngag*
ui the public attention so niuch of laie,
are derived principally from an article
translated for Lite Eceniin Pont, from
*• Tue Conversutious-L, xicnn
Sir Jolm F ankliti, who at a very
early age manifested the ;alVenturous
spun that characterized his later ca
reer, was born at Spdsbv, m Lincoln
shirty m 1780. Tlic evnUut bent of
the bo\‘s mind for a sailor’s life hot
meeting with the father’s views, he
was sent on a voyage to Lisbon in a
merchant vessel, ill hopes that the i\ -
alny would operate as a cure. The
attempt tailed, and at the age ol four*
then no entered the 'British navy as a
midshipman, on board the IVlypliemu ,
m which capacity he Served at the bat
tle of Copenhagen. In ISOS lie ac
companied Ins I't lative, Cap*. Flinders,
*m a voyage of discovery *o t .e iSoutli
BLas, and was slnpwrcc!. don the
coast oi New Holland, lie was after
wards signal oflieeron the lbllerophon,
(the ship on board which Napoleon
.uok refuge in 1815.) at the battle ol
i'i'al’algar, and in 1814 served as lieu
tenant upon the LLdionl, which ear
ned the allied sovereigns to England,
in 1«15 he was at the iittack upon
New Orleans, which ended so d.sas
.rouslv for the British, and won con
siderable reputation by the capture ol
ui Amerieau gun-boat. In ISIS lie
was appointed io the command ol the
brig Tr in, which formed part oi tin
Polar Expedition under Capt, Buchan,
lie afterwards held a command in tin
expedition of Boss and Furry, al
which time he ex ttnined the coast as
far north as Cape furimgain, 08 deg.
SO min. north iatitud , and r* turned
io England m 1b22, after having sul-
L red great hardships and privations,
and was only sav* and from death b\
the kindness of the Esquimaux. Pro
mot <i to tiie rank of Post (Teytain in
lb'2s, in company with the s'ffi^ypar
ties, he undertook a second Voyage to
the Polar seas, and examined .V* coast
between the Mackenzie and Cojip r
mino rivers. He return* and in 1b27,
having reached 70 deg. 80 min. not.
latitude, and 150 deg. west longitud ,
and was knighted by G. urge IV, in
acknowledgement of his services. In
1880 he was in command or a ship- a
nd-hne in the Mediterranean, and
was afterwares s.nt as Governor to
Van D.email’s Land, from which post
he was recalled in 1848. Eirly in
1845 he returned to England, and was
at once appointed to the command of
the expedition to the Polar s as, from
widen lie never returned, and which
was expected to add larg> ly to the
stock of geographical knowledge and
that of tiie laws which govern the
magnet. The Erebus and fern r, the
two ships with which the younger
Ross, in 1889, had made his Celebrated
voyage to the south Polar seas, were
rapidly fitted up with everything nec
essary for the service, and with the
distinguished officers, Captains Crozier
and Eitz-James, who were selected by
Sir John himself, the expedition left
England on the iOth of May of that
year, it was spoken by several whale
ships on the 4th <Y July, and on the
20th of the same month,was seen for
the last lime, in Melville’s Bay, iuii
tude 77 deg. north, longitude 0(3 and. g.
18 min. west front Greenwich.
Fears respecting ilie missing naviga- ;
tors became general in England in
1848, and since tiiat period several ex
pcdaions have been lilt, and out there,
as well as otic from this country, for
the purpose of either rescuing or as
certain mg the fate of Sir John and his
companions. l'ii y have ail returned
without success. i lie only lraces hith
erto discovered have been the graves
of three of tne party, and some empty
cans used for containing preserved
meats, such as were furnisimd tiie ex
pedition. The searches instituted at
the request of the English t»y tiie Rus
sian Govei umeut among its possessions
o:i the Arctic Sea, have nut with no
result. Bat tiie veil scans about to
be iiitcd. and-should the report of I) .
Hue, which lias readied us from Cana
da, prove correct, we shall ,~ooii prob
ably know ail that call ova - be known
of Sir J.mn Fiauklm and those under
iits command.
u Sally Hander safe," said Mrs, Par
tington, as her eyes i H upon an a :v. r*
LiSvinelit. A* Do tell me Isaac, who
this Killy Mauder is, and what sne’s
been doing, tiiat they have got her
safe iigaih /”
“Id >ft Icu > v what she’s b jch *1 >-
in’, but I gh2i s sire’s a sister to Jes-
J!- if -
ry,
Jerry who,.lsaac ?’’
“ VYny, Jerry M.iinlcr,” said Ike, as
he sat wa.c.nng a llv drawing ltv-eif
along w.th ap.u very ingeniously mu'
1 1 ! is >ugii US body.
The man who ‘ to >k the will, for die
d'*c*ly’ discovers that he made a poor
exchange, A
“WITHOUT JWMR, F.iron OR AFFECTION'”*
EATOXTOX, GA„ SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1854.
The Effect of Southern ULaisui
on the North.
1 lie late attack uj on Gen. Cass on
account of his views upon (lie institu
tion of slavery is lvf nvd to and com
mented upon by the New York Cou
rier <C* Enquirer, (a • ■ liig journal, con
sistent in its opposition to abolitionism)
in the following sensible and pertinent
remarks :
“It this spirit is to acquire predom
inance at the Soudi, then litre well to
all hope of restored quiet. \V r e wain
the South against any tuch uhrarsni.
it is a delusion and a snare, it is ar
raying the whole North against tli. ni
aiiuqst as bile' man"'; for ho Northern
citizen, with the soul of a man m him,
will submit to be thus dragooned,
There is no such test known to the
Coiistitu ion as pro-slavery and anu
slaveiy, and every attempt, dir ct or
mdircc:, to intiouucc eitiu r the one or
the other, is to lie resist*.d with tqifal
determination. The conservative men
of the North take their stand upon the
ground occupied by the framers of
he Constant.on—the ground held, by
\Yushing.'oii, J rferson, Patrick il •my,
Uu. M.t&on, Madison, Marshall V a
- ail—tiiat slavery is a social
. vJ, and vet an evd winch is not ivm
dlable, or il reined.<d>ii‘, horn, but ihe
Shnes in winch it cx;s.» can appilv the
remedy. Virginians may have cmti.g
*d on this sunj.ct; tiny may now tee
lit to consider slavery a *ioim Stic good,
a .s*)cial blessing, a political corn, l
sioiie. We call ihelli not into judg
in. nt f*>r adopting lias tloclnm ; but
wticn they aUempt to force Noythe-fii
conscience ami understanding up to
tins s.anffard of faith, when buy >\v
i* meticaliy inveigh against ail wno
will not conform io it, as aboiitioinsis
and fanatics, they not uni * waste their
efforts, but exhibit a spectacle v inch
lids tiie if friends with gral' andsh.mi .
We know tiiat this is not a giatuiu
• lunic; but tiie until must be known,
il cannot lie too weU understood ilia:
die conservative men of the North
know no other eons*, rvatisru than tiiat
ut tiie lathcis of the republic, and w li
exchange it tor no other, i. u*-y wiii
not submit to the at biliary b..tidings
of the hew Virg nia school. F*»r mdre
t .an a quart r oi a efnui v tins pap r,
as o, e ol their organs, lias manianieii
an unenangiug po.ni.on on the subj ct
of slavery, anuU all * xc.teniculs and
tiirough ad atiaeks. Thy best men off
die South and the b. st men of the i
North have alike worked with it and j
giveil it the.r eonfidv iie . The princi
ples of t!ie framers of the Constitution
nave been Us principles,- their spirit it.-..
spirit, their policy ns policy. Tins is
iiic only r* al cons, realism, for nothing
is more certain m the history of gov
ernment than that the same influence
which creates must be perpetuat.d m
order to pivs. rvo. Tue Constitution
was made m wise moderation and gen
erous tolerance. The debates upon i
questions.affecting slav* ry were strik- |
iugly free from asperity, aud the !
most emphatic language was employed
against the institutions by eminent
Southern men, without exciting either
surprise or resentment. Opinion was
free in those days, and its freedom was
respected. 'l’he re was not the slight
est attempt to exact aeqniusoiice on
any abstract principle whatever,; but ;
every end and aim was practical. Cer
tain material obligations were assumed
for their common interests, and that i
was the whole sum and substu ice of
their doings; Whatever principles!
were involve*l in the instrument wvr •
such as all agreed upon. No man’s
understanding, was forced to the rack
—no man’s conscience - was violated*
Now, is it not preposterous for such
press s as the Richmond Enquirer to
denounce Gin. Cass, as disloyal to the
Constitutnoa for expressing precisely
the same opinion as was’ expressed by
Southern statesmen, not only without
rebuke', but with general concurrenee,
in tlm Convention that framed the
Constitution? Is not the bl nd, intol
•rant spirit that it indicates deplora
ble ? is it one whit better than the
furious zeal of the Northern Abolition
ist, which refuses to see in a siavehold
• r anything but a traitor to his race?
Have not faithful, patriotic men at. the
South tne same part to take against
he one, that faithful. p tTiotic m n * at
the North have to take again,st the
otliei ? Both are alike" repugnant to
t ie spirit of the Constitution, and fatal
to the wolbbeing of the!Union.
-x- «■ -:i x- x- -Ji
lt is w li to come Us a full mul r*
snuidmg upon these, matters) itiid to
have it *1 ci* 1 « 1 wh th r fioiis'i vatiye
men of ;h North and cons rv.it ve
m nos So th can harmoniously o ca
py common ground. YV* have always
contcnihd that this is both possible
and necessary. ILuS tfie South imbd>-
e*l an ov *r-j alous, proscrip:iv** sp.rn
.wluch makes,, it no lotiger true? We
are not prepared to believe it.
“ What’ do you do to miakc you
look delicate?” said one) young 'woman
with an « rnpt-.on <>n ii r f'ae ; ', to anoth
er, who look ’d ilce one of'tiie d*q>ar
t,,l. 5 " ■' *
“ YY liy, said slie, “ sorfi. tinv’s I rat
P* nil 1 ehaik, fi*l I !i.-*i, foW a
vchaijge',l drmk vinegar .i!udcla„wgreen
*ua. . Wi.*Mi these fail, I lace tighter
and wear the thinnest solid sho s I
can bu v.”
Cause of the Gold MiveincnE
Everybody, recollects t|ie story of
the old lady who carried Ut bitter ha
tred of Gem Jackson so f\ir as to as
cribe to his malign influ ncefne hcaw
rains which spoilt her garden. The
musty prollssors of the pnileOtionist
school follow her example in blaming
“ British free trade” tor the gold ex
port from the United States. It is
.hardly possible to conceive two tilings
more entirely disconnected. “ Brit ish
five trade” has no more than British
artilli ry todo with ourimpor.s of s* me
two Ini in (red millions worth of goods
from England and Scotland ; we bought
tin in because we thought we want ’d
them, and as our cotton and our corn
do not cover the inti, btedness thereby
created, we are obliged, without ivK i
eiiee to free trade or protection, to make
itfi the a- licit with whatever (flier coni
modify is in demand on the other side.
Gold happens j ist now to be the arti
cle most wanted, and .we s. nd it ac
ct r Hiigiy. ib nec we have trouble in
Wall street lit re. But what do s this
prove ? If our m a chan s import more
than they can pay for, do'-stliat argil
any fi.iili in the system ? If a mm
run ids head against a wall, sliail wc
build no more walls ?
Os course in reliant s'''and farmers
pay the piper when nations go to war.
i’ll v have always ilon so; arid so
long as the bulk oi’ the money ami
nnprov *1 prop rty in the woi-id is iu
the hands of merchants and farmers,
tiny will eontinu ■so pay. A reason
ing being, in view o! tins, would con
eiude that wars ar a bad thing; a pro
tvct.io.ni-T. infers that British Ire*
mid *’.s a fallacy. After this let us
sav no more of the intdl g nc • of tie
nineteenth c, ntury. — X. V. Herald.
The Di cuNios.
! Pursuant to pr. vious agre* merit and
j no.ice. the r ligious discussion between
j flic R v. M-ssrs SITETIANK and Rt>
i NEAU, was cotmuenc- *1 at tins place
! on Monday, tin* tit it instant.
j ci.iss on was eontinu •(] for three days,
j b rminating Wednesday * veiling, the
J Bth inst. 'fiie j.irincipL- that was di. -
! cuss- and was stated in two wavs and ma
king ’wo qu s:ions, ilirowing the affii
: inativ.e of one of the questions upon
ion*: ofjh*. dispuiants, and the afiirma
alve ofihe bill, r qu stion upon the
otlu r disputant, and so in regard to the
negative. The first question was, in
substance, D<* the Scnptur. s teach the
doctrine *>f universal salvation? Mr.
Shcliaffc advocate*l the affirmative of
this question, and Mr. R menu the neg
ative. This question was debated du
ring the first two days of the and bate.—
Each of the gentleman made five
j speeches upon this qiiest’on, two of
| which (the opening and closing ones)
; \v*-re an hour in length each, and thro-
I of them half an ho ir long each. The sec
ond question was, in substance, Do the
Scriptures teach the doctrine of ever-
?* Os this qu stfoii
Mr. Retieau maintained the affirma
tive, and Mr. Shehano the negative.
This question was discussed only one
! day. Each of the genii m n made
four speeches on this last question, the.
first till'd* 1 , of wh cli wore* half an hour
I long and the closing spe* dies an hour
i long each. There have in all been eigli
: teen sjk'eche tnarle during the debate.
The R :v. Mr. -M trsii ill, from near Ma
rietta, in this State, who lias a high re
putation as a R port»?r, was pres nt
during the and. bate, and stenographed
the speeches, and it is the intention, as !
we learn, that the .whoUrdebatc is 'to'be
i published as soon as possible in book
form, that al who may be so inclined,
and especially those who were not
present at the debate, mav have an op
portunity of reading it. During the
three days the debate eontinu* <l, the
disputants were’ honored by the pres
ence, good behavior and close attention
of a large and intelligent auditory,
though the number of persons present
was not. as great as some had anticipa
ted. The whole affair was conducted
in rather a pleasant and agreeable man
ner! The disputants were quitd jo
cose at times, and displayed-much go >d
humor and wit! We presume there
were very f w proselytes made to.citlt
er side. W• p * ‘SM n•th : o;ii lio is wf
all w vc coafinaed r nli >r than chan
g d.— Union Republicin.
A Singh la it Case.— A numb rof
pins verb r cenily extiil'ited to the
i'.uiiologieal Soei ty of Loudon, r**
mov. (| from various parts of the body'
ofay*>ung woma , who wits taking
down ''clothes froth the drying lin ,
and put i g tin; pins in h r moutli,
wlie'n spin..- on j emne behind her arnl
sized her by the arm- 1 , startling her so
much that she swallowed the whole
mouthful. Sickness and emaciation
followed.; a small sW* lmig show•, ();, ir*
! self under her L ft breast, which ulc -r
--alV<] and li nrs , giving ptss.igv tbaoin,
the head of which was gen -. Sixteen
.j'otli.TW Were Tvmovcil iVot.n the left
kheeJfVihTHiv r tdi .stfrnnm, !indTro::i
t’.i wrjsj.-—■'Av’eiif’ -t w<(jn all. Th v
j haul all lout theiigLc.eJ.> cxeept tVo!
PrrposfcroiiF#
The Richmond Enquirer (we nre'
free to admit the ablest Administra
tion organ or paper in the United
States) has been denouncing General
Cass with the utmost st verity b<'cause
<>f ad duration made by tlie old States
man at Detroit that lie was “abstractly”
opposed to slavery. It is not necessa-.
ry to ti ll any intelligent Southern
mail that this feeling is universal ot the
North We have aright to * xpect
very citizen of the United States to
perform li is duty towards us in regard
to negro slavery. But to trv to com
pel other men to adopt our peculiar
views would seem a violation of the
first principle of liberty, independence
of opinion. A concealed hatred
auaiiist the Comprortiis ■ of 1850 and its
friends is no doubt at the bottom of
the excessive sensibility to the senti
ments of G;-iu.Cass evihe* and by the En
quirer. A s-ensibilitv ;-s well bestow
ed upon -the appointment by Gen.
P arce to office of Yroojyt, Cushing,
Fowler and Cochrane. We wonder
if the Enquirer or an v of its kindred
prints have ever read the oration of
Caleb Cushing on the admission of Ar
kansas, or the harangue of John Code
ram* (who once had the honor of hol
ding the hat of Fr -d Douglass) recent
ly ina#e in New York, in w hich he sta
ted that, lie stood on the platform of
Free Soil, free,spe eh, and free men;
D.d he speak' th ■ s nt imeuts of his mas
t r, —Albany Courier.
Mirmiltiuu!.
—'
FROM THE COTTON PLANTER.
iSjr lem and Rotation in Cotton,
Culture*
[Xu 4.1
. Gov. Broome Dear air: I prnpos %
in tins artic! , to detail tljiat syst mo
oliiMon ai.il si.if. at L.i P!acand
which lifts lhu< f;r ;vv n ! i>tir • s: t -
faction. In ;.dj astin-g n:d adopting
this atT one inant, I have not been
governed so much by tlie largest
iinfouru nFc >Ub i that might be grown
on th }la it nii n, as by the, amount of
ind pend ne * in pi mtatioii <eo i.iniy.
which tb*- capacity of the farm, uni r
pro]i r man tgvm nt, is competent to
seeifry to the labor anT pains-:aki.ig of
the propri tor. In other words' after
inniim r dole exp riin iits and tests,"this
system has ban adopted as the one
b st and sir st c deal it and to* feed and
clothe the operatives' of the plant gion,
.supply all the s pu£ necessary to its
vano is uses, improv- annually and
prpt ct the f rtil ity of the hind, and
leavo, at the end of eaclpyear, the pro
creds of a fair cotton crop as the clear
profits of the plantation with all its
outfit. I shall not presume to say that
there have not been favored localiths
in the ol ler planting Slates, east of
this, wli .reon thr e of the above shited
important conditions of plantation in
dependence were for a time possessed ;
nor do I say that th re are not such
favored localities in the new or West
ern Spites; but this I will sav, that
the to-al absnice an 1 disregard of the
fourth and all-important condition, the
improvement and protection or tin'
fertility of the soil, t gather with the
increasing population of the country,
having shorn such favored localities in
•the old States of these advantages, will
destroy them. in the new States, when
ever the great principle of improvement
is disregarded., in the absence of some
system of plantation economy that
might other wise sustain them. It is
this great error, this fatal error, in the
plantation economy of the cotton-grow
ing States, I huvehlilig uitly, for fifteen
years, sought a remedy for. I have at
no time' been interested to teach
planters now to make large crops of
cotton and corn on rich lan 1. I do
not know an ind istrious man in’ Macon
county who • in:lot grow a 1 irge crop
of cotto ian 1 corn if he has rich land
to cultivate. Sambo, with no other
instru •tipn but the observation gather
ed from time to time 'from the hurried
dir cthnis from his overseer, can, and
fr.q • ;tlv has, cm rich land, made- a
big. crop of cotton, AnjJ it is in this
phase of the; questio i that this fatal er
ror is seen in its strongest light. Look
back, if you please, towards the
rising sun, and see the. %aiit., pittance
with which land, once rich in its maid
en f. rtili.tyj hmy rewards' the indus
trious Tabor of the merely plower and
My chi;, fob) Ct has been, in patient
ly prosecuting inese.< xi< r moms, and
hi. watching and • rlfir
I nrsiHt?to devise a system of planta*
tion economy which, while lit will in j
the agjyegite bountifully tymuiix ate
the. industrious labor'an 1 piiins-taking
of the planter, will at the sum time
make poor laml rich, and rich land
better. The allurements pf an Inin -
al*lp and lucrative profession* and th •
jibes with the pointinjr. fun? j\pf j-iJ,-
eule from kin l fri m Is,■ lv.W'o prove l'
equally unavailing in diverting my at
tention for a jnornont from the on* 1
great object; and I may nmv exclnim.
and do, triumphantly, Eureka! —l have
found it! And if there be a single
feature about this system that affords
me more pleasure than another, it is,
that the perfection of the system, with
all its advantages, are a* accessible t<>
the planter c>f humble means as to the
planter of more extended means.—
There is nothing foreign, intricate, or
costly about it; it is the production of
the country, the soil aud the climate
where we live.
It is immeterial what number of
hands may work on the place, we allot
to each twenty acres, and upon this
condition proceed to divide the land
into four equal parts, adopting the
system of four year’s shift as best suited
to our plantation economy. The first
obj- ct which I direc. attention to, is to
grad*-—ditch the land where necess--
ry (which it is generally,) and horizoffi
t 1 the rows perfectly level—this is
proper and superior to all other plans
on sandy land. In the next place .1
tix the rotation and shift thus: live
er s to cacli hand in cotton ; ten acres
or grain, and five to lie in fallow.—
•) ir system of-shifting crops proceeds
n this way: I plant codon on the sun
ui.l once in four years, and tine cotton
s always plant*.'•! on fallow land, with
• dressing of 500 bush :1s ol' compost
>r sto-'k .yard. mamuvTp-u* new., which
s _spread o i the . and broad-cast, and
ncorporat.-d with the soil uniformly
in the pr n.'css of bedding o it the rows.
Phis will be n >re in n itelv explained
aider tin* lieu l of “ aYpplieatiou of Ma
nures.” Lit it b_' borne in mind now
v 1
that this j;in l is pert’ ctdy leve’, and
that all rain water sinks into the soil
v h -re it fall and the residue of tie
cotton stalk -, leaves, burs, bloimi mid
limbs, wit i th i seed,'except fo-* plan -
ing, are.all return and back to the sun
land wii re th y gr av. Upon tills
hind the next y air we plant corn, mn
itiring t with eottqn seel. Butt)
•nir eor t crop, which I regur 1 as th
most impprtuut crop o l th • p’.a:i:aiipn,
we ad l two acres of land to that which
was in corn last year, thus givuig uss v*
en acres in corn to each hand. On the
other three acres of that portion tiiat
was in corn last year, we sow sniad
grain, which up n lau l thus treated
will furnish a sufficiency of oats, i vc,
and wheat for the wants of the planta
tion, when yc; have uch a crop of corn
as we provide for. Tnen we have lying
in fallow,for the next, year’s cotton crop,
the three acres that w re in-small grain
last vein*, and two acres that were in
t
corn. Every one wil see at. once the
simplicity of this system of rotation
and shift of crops.
I will now endeavor, as briefly as
possible, to give the reason why I be
lieve this to be the best system of ro
tation and shift of crops that cin be
adopted in a cotton-growing country.
In the lir4 place, it emb ■aces all the
conditions necessary to sustain the cot
ton-planting interest within itself, in
dependent of external or foreign aid.
To this feature, I think, there cannot
be joo much import nice attach ed. —
Again; the several crops succeed each
other to better advantage both as to
their culture and healthy growth, than
in any other Way that we have seen or
attempted. It may not be .generally
uuh rstoad by planters from practice,
because it is not a commotl practice,
in Icon it is of the rarest occurence, how
well cotton grows after o ic year’s rest
or fallow. I conceive it to be, in its
healthy, vigorous growth, and exemp
tion from insects, m ire like growing
cotton on fresh land. Nor will this
be difficult for any planter to compre
hend, when ho recollects that on the
fallow. I spreadoX) bushels per acre of
goql stock, yard eopipost, or its equiva
lent.
I am sure I shall ha ye no difficulty
in p.M’sißidiitg Miy planter that „coni
grows hotter, J.r ;irs
trouble to after cotton, than
| uLeflPy other eriijf. So Well indeed
[TERMS, $2,00 A YEAR-
NUMBER 32,
locs it do, after a crop of cotton that
has received a dressing of 500 bushels
per acre of manure; that is yet a matter
of unedrt inty with my after twelve
year’s 'experience, whether or not a
good corn crop is not more certain
without than with the seed : and if we
have drought it is certainly bast not to
seed oh corn tlma treated.—
Tiion w>Wye the seed to add to our '
compost heapdov pur cotton. Then,
iguin, the elf act of liw corn and small
grain crops on the land being about
the sam ■, I prefer placing 'the small
grain after the corn, as it docs Matter
after corn t an cron does after it. 2*f
ter the the small grain, the land lies
one year in fallow. I havosm theory
about this four years one
year fallow, in regard /to its curative
influence upon the (diseases of th<j cot
ton plant. Os course I cannot go into
its explanation hem- but I give it ait
my opinion, that jif the same land
throughout the country was planted
in cotton but once in four years,
would prevent the insect or rust.—l
am sure it'vvould of lice, and I think it
altogether probable it would do much
toward relieving it from the injury of
the boll worm. ; Y *'i
Under this treatment the plantation
is every year improving. From the ex*
tent of pasturage which it affords, and
the large amount of corn raised on the
the plantation, an average of 250 bush- ,
els per hand, there would be no diffi
culty in raising all the stock—hogs,
mules, and cattle, that are needed on
the plantation. It lias been objected
to this system, that in the extent of
pasturage afforded, prairie and clay
land would become too much, trod by
the stock, causing such run
together and break up clody. lam
confident the objection is unfounded
as the great object of the system is to
accumulate on the land the largestpos
si ble amount of vegetable matter, which
while it keeps the land loose and fria
ble, contributes so largely to the luxuri
ant and healthy growth of cotton.—
These objections, that fail to stand the
theory and science of agriculture, fall
to the ground as impotent and futile,
when we examine the same system (in
principl •) in successful practice in the
dtate of Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio»
& a, on oalcarerous clay lands, raising by
pasturage, &c., not only mules, horses,
hogs, and cattle for home consumption
but for all our cotton planters. There
is an imeompatability here ceratinly.
T ie o:dy precaution necessary-, is to
prevent stock running on the land
while wet with rain water standing on
it.
There is nothing more easy than to
account for this false alarm among cot
on planters. See .the sedulous care, if
you ideas', with which they have
drained the vegetable strata of their
field > for the last forty years; each
r< w is a perfect drain, not of water
'alone, but of vegetable mould, the
life’s blood of the land; the cotton and
•.corn stalks generally burned; thus
denuded and leached; it is not sur
prising that the hoof of a hungry cow
should poison it 1 m
It is further objected, by those other
wise approving the system that it will
iu)t make cotton enough ; that it docs*
not allot sufficient land to secure every
year a full crop of cotton. To this ob
jection we simply oppose at first this
fact. No man in this country, on the
same quality of land, has realized from
1844 to 1853 inclusive, to the same pro
portion of hand, what I have, notwith
standing I have been experimenting
all the time. If I have not made as
many bales of cotton, which is im
probable, I have raised that which
cotton had to supply necessarily.—
This is.obvious in the substantial im
provements on the land, and its in
creased value, at least five hundred per
cent; not that I could simply -sell it
for that much over and above its cost
twelve yefirs ago,, but it . is its absolute
annual production. Nor does' it pos
sess any artiijeial andyantages of rail
road or city value, as land in sight of
it of tlie samequality,and just as valua
bio,in 1843, under tfic “ kill and crip
ple, policy.” of the. country,,
year at le^.than SO, 25 cts. perje^e.
; -
Founder —The* seeds of'’'sun-flow
ersv(ir;y one of thebest remedies known
for the cure q|flbunder in horses.
