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CHRONICLE AND SENTINEL.
AUGUSTA.
~ TUESDAY MORNING JANUARY 14.
w7bad .7ft. es. of Mails from the North
l„t evening. They do not however, bring much
new. Morton, the Democratic cand date or
Governor of Massachusetts. it »« Balli * ,!i c,e< ' te<l
by . majority of four rotes out of mu e than
600.009. cj ?
Some individuals connected with the . c uy -
m Bank fraud in Philadelphia, have pros
Netting * much interest appears to be doing
» in (ingress. In the Senate, Mr. Benton's reso
lution. in relation to the currency are under dis
cussion, and in the House, the New Jersey Elec
tion ia again the theme of discussion.
• (Tj* The lines on “P.H.D. ’by “ Anna,
W received, and will appear to-morrow.
1 T ..
“C<n sari.— The Washington Metropolis states
that from the foundation of our government up
to 1837, the coinage in this country has been
I^s8 1,548.
y Thpre was a rumor in Philadelphia cn Sunday
the stb, that LeVis, the absconding :ashier, has
“ been taken in Delaware county.
Correspondence of the Baltimore A nericatl.
Washington, January 7, 1840.
no CSC OF REPRESENTATIVES.,
O SEW JETSET SEATS.
This vexed question came before the House
this morning, and with all the spirit ,ir-d temper
which closed the discussion two wreck s since.
Mr. Campbell, of 5k C. chairman ot the Com
mittee of Elections, offered two resolutions, the
first of which was that all the paper? relating to
the case should be icfcrred to the Committee of
Elections; and the second of which contempla
ting the summoning ol the members, commission
ed and claimants, wilhn view of allowing each
party to participate in the investigation. Mr.
Campbell stated his desire to lie io go into the
merits of the case—to bring the whose subject
before the Committee of Elections, and to allow
all the member, whose seats were in dispute to
take part in the investigation.
Mr. Bell fo.lowed, and s dd he could relieve the
House of this difficulty, by presenting the ques
tion as a privileged one. Mr. Bel sa d that from
*3the commencement of the season five members
“from New Jersey had been here—-here within the
bar. They had exerci ed the franking privilege
and received stationary as other mem >ers had.—
They had voted in the preliminary organization
of the House, ami received books frou the Libra
ry as other members had, and were members in
view of their own acts.
© Mi. Bell said, as he had made the question a
privileged one. he should move, if in order, the
following resolutions :
Resolved, That Philemon Dickerson, Peter D.
Win. R. Cooper, David U. Ryali and Jo
/seph U. Kyle, who are in attendance claiming to
be qualified ami to In* admitted to oh I and vot- m
the House as Representatives from the Stale of
New Jersey, are not and cannot be legally and
constitutionally members of this hotly, until the
regular returns or certificates of elecli m. granted
to five other duly qualified persons, by the Gover
nor and Council of said Stale, in the exercise of
the authority vested in them by the laws of said
Slate, passed in conformity with the Constitution
of the United States, s»h dl have been net aside or
adjudged void, upon due investigation made in
the form and tu inner prescribed by the laws and
usages of this House.
Resolved, That the House have decided that
John B. Aycrigg. Wm. Halsted, and the other
three Whig inein!»ers should not be allowed to
have their seats upon the floor until the House
decided upon their claims.
The third resolution instructed the Speaker to
9 inform iht Governor of New Jersey ot what had
been done here, and the reason why the State
was not represented.
The debate, after Mr. Bell presented his reso
lutions, became general, and several members
took part in the discussion.
Mr. Bell defended and explained his resolutions
and commented upon the irregularity of the pro
ceedings.
Mr. Adams said the Speaker was bound to no
tify the Governor ot the Stare of New Jersey of
the condition of things in regard to the contested
seats. Now,’ Jersey should know, t v mally and
officially, how she had been treated here iii this
House and by this House—how her sovereignty
had been trampled under foot and her rights dis
reganjjpd.
Mr. Fillmore made some remarks upon the
merits of the question, and contended that it the
view* of the chairman of the committee on elec
tions 5 were carried out, the State of New Jersey
would be without a representation until June
next. Tne committee oa elections, ho had ho
ped. would make a brief *port on the important
question whether or not the commissii ned mem
bers should have their seals until time was given
to go into the merits of. the whole case.
After some remarks from Mr. V anderpoel, Mr.
Johnson, of Md. and others, a question of order
was raised as to the resolutions before the House.
The end of it was a motion to suspend the rules
of the House, which was carried, 182 to 23.
Mr. Campbell’s resolu.ions were now tu order,
and Mr. Bell brought his forward as tu amend
ment to them.
Mr. 801 l spoke at leng’h. and was followed by
Mr. Duncan, ot Ohio, who will continue his speech
begun aometirae ago upon the merits of the New
Jersey controversy.
tsi r El* STATES SENATE.
The Senate entered upon their usual business
of receiving memorials, reports and rest Unions.
Mr. Renton's resolutions, which occupied the
Senate yesterday, were called up on motion of
Mr. Lumpkin, who has introduced a substitute
for the resolution* ot Mr. Benton which he wish
es modified.
Mr. Grundy was not altogether satisfied with
the resolutions, and therefore moved their refer
ence to a Select Committee of se*en members.
Mr. Preston, of S. C. spoke upon tht moms of
the resolutions. In principle he was not much
opposed to the doctrines they advance, but he
thought their introduction unnecessary and im
proper. As n<* such proposition bad l»een intro
duced as the resolutions opposed, there was no
reason for hurrying them forward.
Mr. Preston, in concluding his remarks, moved
that they be laid upon the table.
Mr. Clay, ot Als. demanded the yeas and nays,
whi- h being ordered, the result was as follows :
Yeas, Messrs. Betu. . lay, of Ky. Clayton,
Crittenden. Dixon, Davis, Henderson, Merrick,
Prentiss, Preston Rugbies. S „iih ofln i., outh
•rd. Spence. White of Ind., White of Tennessee
l6.
Nays, Messrs. Bent m. Brow isl Buch
anan, Calhoun, Clay of .Via., Fulton Grundy,
Hubbard, King. Linn, Lump,in, NichoU. Nor
vell. Roane, R »bms<m Sevier, Smith of Conn
Strange, Tappan, Walker, Wail, William,’
Wright, Young—2s.
After the adoption of several resolutions, call
inf upon the Standing Committees and the sev.
m
oral departments Ut information, the Houae p
ceeded to the orders of the day. [One o t e re *
solutions adopted . ailed upon the Secretary o
the Treasury to ask the Governors of all the
States in the Union for a copy of all their Mate
Reports upon the subject of Geology and Miner
alogy. Another resolution adopted, called tor
information as to the expediency of placing
Steam Cutters in the Gulf of Mexico, on the At
lantic, and on Ease Erie.]
ARMED OCCUPATION OF FLORIDA.
Mr. Benton called up the bill for the armed oc
cupation of Flora,a. Mr. Benton spoke at lengt
in defence of the mil.
Mr. Tappen made some very strong remarks in
j reply to Mr. Benlon. He did not think the rnea
' sure introduced the best to be supported by ’on
1 gress, and ha could not, therefore, vote tor the
i bill. Tiie cases cited by Mr. Benton, affording a
I similar case of th? necessity and sullcnng, were
not alike. That of the Israelites in the Holy
Land was different- Mr. T. said he should be
glad to see the p an adopted which was success
, ful in the settlement of New England. Such a
plan w’as not impracticable, and it could be adopt
ed, and e nigr-anis could meet there and defend
.hemsel es by themselves.
Mr. Prestun followed in the debate. He de
clared that the General Government bad sham
fully abandoned its duty to flonda. It the Ex
ecutive had done his duty, and the head ot the
VVar Department had done his duty, the case
wmuld have l>een different from what it has been.
The conduct of the Government has been dila
tory in the extreme, and the sufferings, ravages
and bloodshed proportioned. Flo ida has cost
the Government an immense sum of money.—
An immense sum had been paid tor the original
purchase and an immense treas re poured out.
Mr. P. believed ihat the bill was wholly ineffi
cient, and wou d fail to accompl.sh its purpo
ses.
The Senate adjourned after Mr. Preston had
finished tbs remarks, and after some unimportant
informal business,
Washington, Jan. 8, 1840.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
Th« Appropriation bill, in part, for 1839 and
1840, pissed both Houses yesterday, making an
appropriation of 5)400 000 for the Congressional
serv.ee of the Go eminent.
THE MAILS AND POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT.
Mr. Cooper, of Pa. asked leave of the House
to offers resolution calling upon the Post Master
General lor info matim in relation to the new
mail route from Baltimore to Philadelphia. The
resolution called for informal! u as to time and
pay and reasonsof c lange. Also tor information
as to tho conduct of a clerk or agent of the Post
Office Department in relation to the letter mail,
which, l is alleged, was earned on the Philadel
phia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad.
; Mr. C «oper wished to suspend the rules, but
r,Mr. Duncan, who was entitled to the floor, re
-fused to yield.
NEW JEHSET SEATS.
Mr. Duncan said that those wno occupied seats
upon this floor. t..e five Whig members, were
u-urpers. He asserted this, he said, in his place,
and held himself reeponsihle for it before the
wo.ld. Mr. Duncan has hid the floor through
the day without interruption, except when called
to order by the Speaker for irrelevant remarks.
Mr. D. concluded his remarks, and Mr. Bolts, of
Va. has the floor to-morrow.
On motion of Mr. Johnson, of Md., the Na
tional Foundry subject was brought beiore the
House. He wished it referred to a Select Com
mittee again.
Mr. Potts would not yield the floor, and the
motion was not sustained.
On motien of Mr. Tu ney, the different por
tions of the Presidents Message were referred to
the several Standing Committees.
ARMED OCCUPATION OF FLORIDA.
This bill, from the Committee on Military Af
fairs, was the order of ihe day. and it was called
up on the motion of Mr. Clay of Ala., who was
entitled to the fl *or. Mr. Clay’s speech was de
signed as a reply t:o the remarks of Mr. Preston,
and as a defence of the con luct of the general
government in its military operations in Florida
and the Cree. country. Mr. C. thought that
Mr. Preston had reflected somewhat upon the
conduct of Gen Jessup. Gen. Jessup, he said,
was ready to have his conduct investigated by
Court Martial or ly Committee of the Senile.—
He was a brave officer, and he felt bo-md to de
fend him. It there was ground of censure, Mr.
Clay said it did not fall upon the Administration
nor upon Gen. Jcsup, but, as Mr. Clay seemed
to intimate, upon Gen Scott. There was no in
efficiency, he also contended, on the part of the
War Department nor of the Executive. Both,
he thought, were without censure.
Mr. Clay enlarged upon the character of the
hill before the Senate, He believed it the cheap
est remedy for the settlement of difficulties which
could he adopted, and altogether the safest. He
also defended the character of the Alabama citi
zen soldiers, who had been called by Gen Scott
and others into service. Many of the citizens of
his State were as brave as tho-e who conquered
the Indians originally in Tennes-ee and Ken
lucky. Many of them, he thought, would avail
therß selves of the provisions of the bill before the
Senate. After Mr. Clay had concluded. Mr.
Benton proposed a verbal amendment, which was
adopt, d.
The bill was then ordered to a third reading.
From the National Intelligencer.
January 9th.
NEW JERSEY CONTESTED ELECTION.
Tins being the first business in order, Mr.
Bolts, of Virginia, who was entitled to the floor]
wa» pio ceiling to address tue House; when
Mr. Hoffman rose and said that it would be re
collected that the report of ihe Committee on the
Roles had been made the special order f r Um
J,y at one o'clock. He understood that the rules
hid only been now printed, and that a proposi
tion was about to I e made to «xtend the lime uu
t I tom *rrow. He gave nance that atone o clock,
he shou d m »vc the special orde . He made this
statement out ot co inesy to the gentleman from
V'irg uia, m order that, it there was an intention
to move a further t \tension of the time, the gen
tleman might take us selection either to have the
m.mon disposed o before he commenced his re
marks. or to proceed with them until the hour ol
one had arrived. The rult s and orders vvouid ex
piie to-morrow’.
Mr. Bolls having indicated his wish now to
proceed, addressed the House at great length on
the subject of the contested election generally.
[At halt past one Mr. Hoffman called up the
special order above leferred to. and, on motien of
Mr. Cave Johnson, the consideration oftne report
of the committee was postponed until Tuesday
next; was made the special o.der for that dav, a.
one o’clock; and tho present rules were ordered to
be on turned in force until Thursday next.] i
| Mr, Botts having concluded his speech—
Mr. Randolph, of New Jersey, addressed the '
Chair, when
Mr. Monroe, of N. Y.. claimed the floor, inas- i
much as Mr. R. '.a Upok n repeatedly before.
The Chair reminded Mr. that though Mr. i
Ra idolph had repeatedly addressed the House on
the general subject yet it had nut been on the
present resolution.
Mr. Undolph insisting on h s right to the fl oor
he wsa permirt.NJ to proceed, and went into a de 1
tailed history ol the entire N. J. jng
d cumeu-s and calling tor the reading or a ffiJ a
vita, until past 4 o’clo k, when a m .lion was
made t • a Ijour.i, a id negatived by } eas and nay.-
\ eas 64, nays 104. 3
After more affidavits bad been read, the motion
was renewed, and again lost: \eas 58, nay*
78. .
The reading having been resumed, and mucn
uneasiness being manifested, Mr. R. himself
moved to adjourn, and the motion was at length
carried ; Yeas 67, nays 58.
So the House,, at near 5 o’clock, adjourned.
» ■ l' # *
Correspondence of the National Intelligencer.
i\tw York, Jan. 8.
The packe* .-hip lowa, from Ha'-re, December
8. furuisnesus with Paris papers ot the 7th. Ai.
t France is in a ferment over the news trom Africa
which a telegraphic despatch was reporting to be
j worse. The spirit of tne nation is up. and offi
. cer and soldier tire panting to cross the Mediter
ranean to meet the forces of Abdel el Kader and
his Arab crew. These Arabs are quite as trou
t blesome,arid quite us < ostly, as ou Seminoles.
* They w r ont stay defeated; and when liiey appear
r most pul down, of a sudden they most put them
, selves up. The reinforcements are moved for
, w*ard with alt speed. Nothing else is talked of
i hut the war.
. 1 Tile nows furnished by this arrival, though
j three days later from Paris, presents nothing re
markable. Lyons is in a suffering condition, and
, the reaction of American misfortunes has been
. great upm the manufacturing establishments
. there. Bankruptcies are common, indeed, thro’-
. out Franee.
. From the East the dates are later. The
younger Ibrahim has obtained a splendid victory
over the Imam of Jabsob. Ibrahim is a son ot
, Mehemet Ah. T.ds pushes the power of Ali to
t ward the English possession of Aden. The
. Turkish charter created a great sensation at Al
[ exandria.
I'he dates are also latter from unhappy Spain.
. The Capitol is quiet. Tiiere is nothing from the
, army.
The reduction of postage upon letters, which
j has commenced in England, is likely to he smitat
t ed on the Continent. Prussia and Austria are
both meditating an adoption of the English
plan. «
The cotton market was flat at Havre, and there
was a s ight decline since the last weekly report
by the last arrivals.
I The Evening Post to-day publishes a letter
1 from Boston, which declares that the Committee
1 of the Legislature have counted the votes for
Governor, and iouud Mr. Morton* to he elected
by a rn.ij »rily of four. Os course the Globe will
. rejoice ove, this, avowed Abolitionist though
. Governor .VI on ton* be.
, Stocks are down to-day again—a fancy move
i ment. Exchange on London varies from 107
| to 108;$, which is obtained for prime bills. This
, i- s under the par of exchanges, and shows a sale
slate of things as to importations, orders, &c.
Franklin District.—lt was reported yms
terday, that the official returns of the election in
the Sixth Congressional District have been ex
amined by the Governor and Council, and that
Mr. Baker is chosen. It is said that the votes of
the town of Levcrelt were rejected for illegality,
in Levere?t there were 35 votes for Baker, 4d
mr Dickinson, and 23 scattering— Boston Dailt/
Advertiser.
Correspondence of the Philadelphia North American
New York. Jan. 6. 3 e. m.
I do not find that the news has influx need any
thing but storks. There lias in this department
been a general advance, anti United States Bank,
shares have been more liberally treated than any
other stocks, and have advanced to 84, being 5£
per cent above the price on Saturday. Flour and
Cotton remain without alteration. The general
impression respecting the news is that it is favo
rable, especially in regard to money affairs, tho’
money was still very scarce in England. Confi
dence is returning in Europe towards American
securities; and we shall very soon, I prophecy,
have more credit in Europe than we ever had.
There will he no difficulty about o ir States
getting terribly in debt, if they have a mind to
do so. But I hope the check they have now re
ceived will at least set them to chinking. Ex
change, both foreign and domeslis, I quote as at
the close of last week.
Correspondence of the U. S. Gazette.
New York, Monday, p, m.
All stocks have materially improved to-day.
U. S. Bank shares have advanced 4£ a 5 per ct.
This is in consequence of the English new,; re
ceived yesterday, which is considered to be «.’eci
dedly favorable to the Bank and to Ameri can
stocks generally.
Some sales of Sterling Kills were made to . lay,,
at 8 a Ihe prin ipa I business, however,
was done at B}. Nothing occurred intiaucs;
the quotation of them is 5f 27| a 25.
Domestic exchanges are rather of dull de
mand. but no change in rates. Money is rather
easier, hut the price paid for its use is still at .out
the same.
Though we had a very full attendance on
change, little business was actually transacted.
There prevailed however a good deal of anit na
*i and merchandize was much enquired after.
Flour is held at a shilling advance.
John \ aughan, Esq. of Philadelphia, on the
Ist nst. resigned the various Vice Consulships
held by him for a very long period. Sweden and
Norway, Portugal, Austria, and Braz I, were all
represented in that city by Mr. Vaughan. Ri,ch
ard Seldner, E*q. has been appointed Vice U on
su! of Sweden and Norway. John Devere ux,
Esq. the same for Brazil; and Daniel J. I »es
m<md. Esq. has received the appointment of C on
solar Agent for Portugal, and will exercise the
functions of Vice Consul for that Governin' ml.
We shall notify the appointment of the Austri
an Consular Agent in a few days.- Ratio nul
razette.
From the Belfast (Irish J Norttun n Whig.
United States Banks.
CAUSE AND EFFECT OF TUEIH SUSPENSION* OF
SPECIE PAT.HENTS.
W e turn to the general question involved in
tne suspension of specie payments by me Uu iud
■Ma es Bank, and ot.ier Banks in me Uu ited
states. 1 ire failure ot mis or that Bank, wh. ;l h.
er in the United Stales or in this country, rum o u s
as it may »e, is but as dust in me balance, conn ur
ed wita the great question of the currency— the
mode ot regulating me circulating medium- -on
tiie etabusiimeni, untrue principles, ot wh.ich
dep- mis the well-being of every man engaget 1 in
mercantile or monetary oj*jralioii. in both c. >un
incs. W e shall enter no farther on this p, m it at
present, than indirect attention to me tact in it
me general failure, so far as it may be call. >d a
failure, ot the Banks in the United States, has
been tue result ot the same cause wind has on
e.ated to the embarrassment of financial affairs
in this country,—namely, the impossib.ln v of
i representing u s monetary and trading Inn/sac
i turns in bullion.
I u liud ’ ,n the account of the United States
! Bank s assets, an item ot 4tlo,otC/ sterling m
i s P ec,e; a sum mitvrabiy inadequate to repre’em
| even as notes and deposits; and yet, O o one We
will venture to sav, wih affirm, that, because mis
Bank possesses only this small amount in SU «. CIP
»i is. theretore. insolvent: its insolvency ,f i*
veney it should prove to Ire, is attributable to otn
er causes. But it is a fact, notorious, that it is in
consequence pt the want of gold, by the Bank of
England, ot Us endeavors to get ;t, an j o*- 0 *-
measures to cause its return to this country ° that
the general American distress has been nia nlv
occasioned. It is telt.« n viewimr
L,„u.d Suites Bank. u
ver that it needed tor the carrying on O “Us affairs. i
but some representative of the values which it
possessed. It is to this point that we are desir
ous of directing the reader’s attention; namely,
that, admitting ail the assets, excepting the single
item of specie, avail them nothing in their pres
ent difficulty, inasmuch, as in attempting to turn
them into money, they find that the law of the
land has prescribed, that there shall be only one
sort of money, metallic money, to represent all
the values, and all the monetary and trading
transclions of the United States; and which
amount of metallic money, when the necessity
i arises, is insufficient to represent a hundredth part
of such values and transactions. And here we
have to speak of the effect of the proceedings ot
the Bank of England on the convertible value of
American properly. The Bank ot England, as
is well known, has been compelled, by us obliga
tion, to pay its notes, on demand, in gold, to lake
measuies for preventing the egress of gold, and
for facilitating its importation. Witii this view,
it ha» successively struck at different interests,
accordingly as it considered that their proceedings
were influential, in causing gold to leave this
country, or to prevent its return. In their turn,
the American trade and properties have been thus
put down. It vvas found by the Bank, that its
bullion was flowing away in the direction ol the
United States; to throw difficulties in the way ot
this proceeding, was the endeavor, therefore, of
the Bank of England, not tnat the American se
curities were bad, or, that they were not fully
worth the money that they took away but be
cause they took away the gold money, and the
Bank of England, that had nut sufficient ol this
gold money to represent value lor its own opera
tions, could not spare any to the Americans. By
the measures which the Bank ot England was
obliged to take, to secure itself, the amount ot
the circulation generally was lessened, and the
American produce and property were considera
bly depreciated. The effect was this: either
American securities and produce were not bought
at a 11, or less was given for them; and, in the lat*
ter c ase, less being given for them, it was more
profitable to pay them in English produce, than
with English gold ; so. that, to such extent, the
gold was kept in this country. We shall present
ly have to speak of the effect of this g neral de
preciation of American property, as affecting the
payment of their debt in this country ; at pres
ent, we wish t* confine our attention to the con
sequences which result from our present system
of currency, which, from time to time, renders it
necessary to lessen the amount of the circulating
medium ; and suddenly, arbitrarily, and unjustly
to depreciate the value of every man’s property,
and to render it more or less difficult, and often
i up issil le, to proi ure m -ney to rep esent it.
We have shewn, taen, that the deprec alion ol
American property has been caused, mainly, il
not entirely, by the impossibility which exists in
America, to represent their property in a metallic
money :—the property exists —there is no doubt
of that; buttheie is a want of metallic money
to represent it ; —a..d we have shewn, also, that
the want of metallic money in America has been
mainly, if n t entirely, produced by the opera
tions of the Bank of England, which has been al
so in want of metallic money ; and winch, being
the stronger bodv.has drained the weaker one of
its gold and silver. 8o that it appears, that the
obstinacy of both countries, in persevering in tins
system of currency, which occasionally requires
more than all the metallic money ol the woild to
rapresent it, is at the bottom of the mischief.
Thus, there is a continual struggle going on in
this country, and in America, between the indus
try and energy of their inhabitants,—die struggle
of production; and ti e creat.on of wea th, against
the monetary system of both countries, which is
continually beating down this industry and ener
gy, and preventing the creation of wealth, by its
arbitrary restrictions. England manufactures,
and America produces; this, the rcsu.t of labour,
constitutes wealth to either nation, as tne popula
tion increases, and as the wants ol the population
increase, there is the opportunity for further man
ufacture and further production ; but if, in each
country, there is enacted an arbitra.y Ijw, that
the values of the interchange ot such manufacture
or p eduction sha I always be representable in a
particular sort of money, which does not increase
in the same proportion, one of two things must
take place: either such manutactures or produc
tions must be limited to the amount of money
which exists to represent their interchange; or
manufactures and productions, being continually
increased by the demands for them of the increas
ing populations, their values in their interchan
ges must be deranged, as often as the necessity
occurs, —no matter from what causes, —of repre
senting diem by this limited amount ol metallic
money. And such, precisely, istheeffect, period
ically ; —such has been the effect, in the present
instance, of the embarrassment of the American
currency The “law money,” the metallic mon
ey, is wanted ; it is not procurable, because it
does not exist; —but the law is peremptory, and
will have property repiesented by mis limited
sort of money; property, therefore, falls in value ;
in value, as it is called, but, as we contend, in the
“law” money value only : its real value remains
the same, but the effect on the h dders of the pro
perty, whose business operations compel them to
exchange for as much of the small amount of gold
money as they can procure, is the loss and ruin
which we observe taking place around us.—Hoi
ding these opinions, we must say. that, applying
them to the case of the Banks in the United States,
we think their abandonment of the attempt to pay
their debts in a metallic money, win !i is not pro
curable, is the best step they could take, under
the circumstances. Had they persisted in the
endeavour to pay in metallic money, they would
only have increased their difficulties, and added
to their losses; and its effect would have been,
generally, on America, most ruinous ; for the
consequence of such an attempt would have been
to cause all American goods to fall to almost noth
ing; and the balance being against America, in
favour of this country—that is to say, America
being in debt to this country, which she must pay
by her produce—the result would have been that
she would have paid to her English creditors
goods, at a low price, which she had contracted
at a high price ; and would thereby ha epaid
her debt two or tnree times over, in proportion to
the depreciation of her produce. This would
!. ive been manifestly a cruel and glaring injustice
to the Americans; for viewing the case between
the two nations as between two individuals it
would be as if the creditor who had lent his mon
ey on the security of property estimated at a cer
tain value, were, by his combinations, to cause
that property to be depreciated to half its value,
and so take double the property in satisfaction of
his debt. Such woulo now be the injustice inflic
ted on America, had she submitted to pay her
debt at its appreciation in a metallic money value,
in this time ot metallic money scarcity. In fact
she would have to pay two hales of cotton instead
ot one. or some such proportion. This we say
would be an injustice inflated on America which
we arc quite sure is neither nationally nor indi
vidually desired. By the suspension of specie
payments, the values of all sorts of property in
America, u iff be supported, and her merchants
w,ll he the belter able, and moie quickly to dis
charge their debt to this country. VVe will add
that, had the Bank ot England been able to take
this step some months ago, most of the embarrass
ment which has taken place throughout Euione
in consequence of the measures of the Bank of
England, to keep g.dd in this country, would
have been prevented. With respect to ,he cau
ses which have led to the general embarrassment
of the monetary operations of the United States
as well as of this country, we have endeavoured
to shew, that the same cause has produced the
same effects in both countries; and. if wc succeed
Jn rmiing the public attention to an evil whir
i« constantly at wo.k, from the action of which no <
man is safe, which is continually disturbing and
deranging all the calculations of trade an torn
merce, and which, in the present instance, has
nearly led to a national bankruptcy both in Eng
land and in America—a national bankruptcy m
the two principal commercial nations in the
world, abounding in existing wealth, and in the
means of indefinitely increasing it—we shall con
sider, that we have not offered the present obser
vations in vain. Our object is, to excite inquiry
in*o the practical worthing ot our present system
of currency. When tha: object ts effected, we
have no doubt of the result, and our path will be
straight and smooth before us.— Conr.tr.
Frigate L* mixed States.—We have before cj
stated that this frig te, after having been
out at the Charlestown navy yard for a three
years'voyage, at an expense of >.82.000, ha.
been condemned at New \ork as unfit to go to
sea. It appears from a statement in the Evening
Post that on her arrival at the latter port, Com.
Hidgely called a survey upon her guns and shot.
It was found that her shot were so ancient and
from rust reduced in size that hardly a iy of them
fitted the cannon for which th ?y were intended,
while from the same reason the bores and touch
holes of the cannon propo tionably enlarged. In
short, a great part of the battery was reported un
serviceable. Upon further examination her tran
som and apron, the two most important parts of
the ship, upon which the wales an i bottom
planks, in other words the most important part *
of the ship’s frame are secured, turn out to be
rotten. A second survey upon the ship is called,
and it is pretfy well understood that their report
has condemned the whole vessel as unseaworthy.
Frovi the Georgia Journal.
Legislative Sketches. — Continued.
2d January, 1840.
Dear ;—ln our last, we gave you some
hasty sketches of the most conspicuous debit* ants
in the House of Representatives, We now ful
fil our promise by extending our notice to the
Senate Chamber. The Senate has lost greatly
in strength since the winter of ’h7. It then com
prehended a large number of talented men, titan
during any year within our recollection. There
are, however, some ew men in this body now,
who would have done honor to tt at any period
of its history. Beginning alphabetically, the first
Senator whom we will notice, is
Mr. Alexander, of Merriwether. —With a
very partial acquaintance with this gentleman,
we have not been enabled to mark the peculiari
ties of his mind as we could have wished. Very
modest—very unpretending—he rarely takes tne
floor; —whenever he does, he secures tne atten
tion of the Senate, by the solidity ot his malt, r,
and the perspicuity w.th which it is stated. We
cannot class him with eloquent men. but be is
entitled to a high rank among the cool, calm and
reflecting. There is nothing dazzling aoout him,
{ but every thing to command our respect.
Mu. Billups, of Oglethorpe.— Were a strang
er, somewhat of a physiognomist, to cast his
eyes from the gallery down upon the uncovered
members of the Senate, with a view, conjectu
rally, to fix upon the most distinguish d, we ven
ture the belief that they would finally rest upon
tins gentleman. We love to look upon his high,
lieeding forehead, as delicate and as while as
those preparations of wax which we have occa
sionally seen in an anatomical room. We gaze
upon his large, lustrous, black eyes, so beautiful
when the depdis of the heart are not stirred up
by the storm of excitement, with a so.t of wond
er—and ask ourselves, it enkindled with passion,
Would they no* burr; witn their bright flashes all
that they might tad upon. His face is striking—
something Cassius like, and pale with thought.
He speaks but seldom. Day after day have we
lounged into he lobby and gallery of the Senate
with the hope to find him on his feet, and almost
always have we returned disappointed to the oth
er ball. We have known Air. Billups’ powers
for many years. We remember him whilst in
Franklin College. and have never forgotten the
impressions which his oratory then made upon
us. We then formed high expectations of the
brilliant career he was to run. We have been
disappointed; he is not what he should have
been, but it is easily solved. He is a man of
wealth, and without ambition. When wt look
upon him, we feel disposed to curse wealth as an
evil, (though, by the bye, it is the very thing for
which we are now toiling,)—wealth that ‘ one is
heir to.”
Mr. B. is not yet in the meridian of life.
With years, many years, before senility shall
have dimmed the faculties of his mind, we hope
to see him yet forced by the public vofee from
that retirement in which lie has hid away the tal
ent commuted to his care. As a speaker, he is
by lar the most accomplished on the Senate floor.
Though somewhat accustomed to hearing un
moved public speaking, we have been burned
along by Mr. B. nil we found ourselves without
our reason, acting, or ready to act by impulse,
under the influence ofthe emotions which he has
awakened. We should ear ourselves, were we
a judge, and he an advocate addressing us in
s.nne ot those deeply interesting cases which are
oilen to be found in our hails of justice. VV hat
an eloquent advocate he would have made for a
plainlif) in a crim. co'i. case !
Dh. Bhanh.*m, of Putnam.— Phis gentleman
is extensively known to the people of Georgia.
days long past, he acquired a reputation for po
litical intrigue, which has adhered to him |,ke
the shirt ot Nessus. Had the Doctor been bred
to the law, and his strong natural faculties in
vigorated by its searching analysis, he would
have been a prodigy for subtilty. He has been
long on the poliical stage; and we are disposed
to think bis hypoi hondriacism, if not ill health,
will ere long lead him to abandon it.
Mr. Gordon, of « hatham, is a very remarka
able man. In person, especially about the head
he hears a striking resemblance to Mr. Johu C\
Calhoun. V\ hen we say remarkable, we do not
speak of any preeminence in mental endowments,
but in those trails ot character, winch strike the
most cursory observer. With agood,discri„.ina
t ng mind and a clear judgment, we cannot, how
e> e. view htm as an interesting speai er—he is bv
no means fluent—has a bad voice, and a very de
fecitve elocution. His only care and ambition . s
to make himself understood. His perseverance
*■* a « indomitable character—be is neither to
be disheartened nor dele red by a failure in any
thing he attempts. He renews his efforts a min
and again, as it he was convinced that he could
wear the marble *scpe cadendo. Decision charac
tenzes every word, every act of this Senator.—
I his virtue is in him pu hed to excess. So pro
minenl is it, that with many it is termed down
n-ht übs inacy. We consider hi n very deficient
m tact, and infinitely below his immediate prede
cessor from Chatham in that useful—we will not
cal u art, but—science. Mr. G. is a very deci
J.d parly man. If this were all, we culj ad
.n.reh.m for being ae-bu, |, e is a bd.tr one
With scarce a spice of liberality j„ hiaoppedU.m’
Now this is a fault it is a stain upon ihe repu-
U "'“! of a "y S-'»"-man in that t.mts, since U,e
' S #f I ?r l!if,, ' a,i " n ar «even ■
in the region in whicli that volcano first poured s
forth its eruptions. We could pardon ll,en hU ?
■eing ti.iun n,ad, as we have ever had no small I
• or it. Ihe strifes and divisions of that era
> <*u!d terminate. “Sufficient unto the day was
•he evil the real.” Mr. G. has 100 elevated a p„. i
-•lion in Georgia, to drudge in the ranks of fac
tion, as it he were a mere party hack. What ad
vance nent doth he look for ? *lf any, we would*
•>eseech him to take to another ladder upon which
to mount. We have ever had g.eat personal re
ga d tor this gentleman. We sin-erely respect
the many ’and sterling virtues of his chaiacter
A e know too that he has the esteem of the en
lightened and intelligent of the very p -
which he separated, when that apple n n !
was thrown into the rank- of the “Id Tronic i
ty. Identified wnn a magnificent Wori . p N.
the very soul of it—it will be a proud m " ev h
to his honor, and of incalculable adv a ' UUln
that most beautiful of cities, oijf own 1
We would entreat him, fioni our State
from our fervent attachment to the city
thorpe—to adopt towards his political on 1
a line of conduct mutked by more coii ( -iii^° neri! * *
He has to our knowledge made men ,
that great enterprise who might as easily f Io
been made, without icj of ur ' IJVf
its friends. Let Mr. G. review Ills ow u
live experienced the last four years, and !
$ ory docs her office, she will arrayibpui) , ls
a host of able men opposed to him by p- r ' r '*
signation, the first and foremost to aid hi in '
ery important work, and when standing gi*
and alone on his side of the Senate, vvi l(
Bates, ami Dunnegans, and Cones, hold the"
tre. to what quarter does he look for
suffrage. But enough ; we hope our friajn
don will amend his ways. *
The Future. M. De Tocqueville, in
“ Democracy in America,” speaks of t| Je j
of the East and the West, in the following
ner: s n ‘ J| '
“ rhere are, at the present time, two K r ea i
lions in the world, which seem to tend tow
tne same end, although they started from d?
eut points; I allude to the Russians and A,i
cans, bom of them have grown up unnotic*
and while the attention of mankind was dir
elsewhere, they have suddenly assumed a m
prominent place among the nations- and t
world learned tneir existence and then’ ‘
at a.most the same time. ie ‘
All other nations seem to have nearly reach,
their natural limits, and only to be charged wi
tne maailenance ol their power, but Siege -
still in the act of growth ; ail the others a ?
stopped, or continue to advance, with exi e
difficulty ; these are proceeding wah ease J
witu ceienty along a path to which the hm m
eye can assign no rerun 'J’he American stru
g.es against the narural obstacles which opui
him ; the adversaues of tue Russian are men
the former combats the wilderness and
lue ; the latter, civilization, wun all the weapon
and its arts; the conquests of the one are, there
lore, gamed by the ploughshare, tho. e of th
omer, by the swo.d. Tne Anglo American rein
on ms personal interest to accomplish tiu e.d
and g,ves tree scope to the ungmded exerti,
and common sense of citizens; theßussian cn
tres ad the aathorily of society mb single arm
the principal instrument ot me former is f rrt /
d 0... ot the latter, servitude. Their slart/n
point is different, and thei courses are not ihl
same; yet each ot them seems to be marked ow
u ‘ sWJ >' ,he d — -
Mu. Van Buhkx ax,. \f H . Adams.—Extra
of a letter dated Washington. Dec. 28. [ Ca jJ
to day to pay my respects to the President i
found him cas I hope I may he allow, d wahnt
indecorum or impropriety, to mention my visit
U» be “111 good health and spirits.” *|,.| , a,.'
little older than when I saw him last, and*
face is rather more turrowed and care worn k
he still wears “the everlasting s n lefor whe
he is famous, and which, in my opinion, doa
not add dignity or openness m his couulenaim*
He conversed atfibly and pleasantly, but wn
weariness and caution. 1 found one of his n e»
Nulhtymg friend* with him, and left the saw
friend still lingering behind, when I departed,
walked through some of the rooms in the Pro
dent’s House. They are most m .gnifi. emlr
•uriushed. lam told that the carpets, curta.iii
ami mirrors, in the East room, now, arc wurti
more than all the furniture that was in tne wh.lt
house when John Q. Adams was President
And yet Mr Adams was a spendthrift, arista
n,:: 1 ; 1 Mr - Vail Burcn “•»
A Perfect Madman!—A man has been
confined m the Philadelphia Asylum fortheln
sane, tor picking a printer’s pocket! He mu
have been bereft of his senses, to undertake i
rob a printer.
Grigin Slander.— Mother Ja s per toli
me that she heard Great wood's wife sav (ha:
John Smith s aunt mentioned to her tha't .Mr
Lusty was present when the widow Barkmu
said that Her tail’s cousin thought Ensign Do*
l.llle s sister believed that old Miss Oxley reckon
ed that seam J rifle’s better half had told Mr.
Spaulding that she heard John Rheumer’s w
man say that Mrs. Genden had two husbands!
Beau Brummell.— lt will be matter of new
to many persons to hear that itiis “orn-e c, leant
ed person, the arb ter eleganttarum of George
IN..when Prince of Wales, and the glas s ir
winch the youth—tl, at is the fasiiinable youth o
England, did (in t.mse limes,; dress themselves,
is now in a place set apart lor those who lanor
under mental derangement, at Caen, in Norman
dy- the admit ed of all admirers is existing od
• he almost extorted benevolence-of relations, sni
tlie contr.b lions ot old friends. The wl.olt
amount of Ins income is scarcely £10(1 a yeat.-
Poor George ! How differently must his luxu
nes be now to what they once were * £I(Ui
year tor one who began life with a good fortune,
“ ’ h expectations, great connections, and prince
ly peonage! The ruling passion reigns tri
umphant even in the walls of a mid-house. Beau
Drummed st.ll imagines Jiimsell a fine gentle
man and assumes all the airs and importance i
n.s oy-gone popularity and g.,(Hi lorlunc.-
Amongst other teals he rings 1.,e bell of his soliu
ry apartment continually. i'h e keeper, who wilt
great humanity humors h; s insanity, asks whU
light ot other days; -I must go directly to Car 1
ton House to see the Prince.”
consignees pec .-south Carolina Rail Road
Hamburg, January 13, IS4O.
J. G. Dunlap; J. VV. Houghton; Clark Kart.
& Co.; A. Dan tort li; llrochon & H. ; l’ Dvvellt
ha,- e evt-0., A. Frederick; VN .M. Frazer, Kee
bea!., VV J. , ,n,e,,„ VV. &J. Nel su „. ~’s , '*
W. roice, J. Davidson; Movail, Simmons & Co
Rankin Hoggs & Co ; I’. A. Kichacds; C. x Pla
G. Alcuaughlin; VV t-.. Jackson; K. i, Cooke I
& J. hnyder; D. Plunkett; J. Ushe ; »ulier »
ooney; t,. Parrott; Anderson & i oung- J f net
son; Dickson & Storr. g ’ J
MAIiINK li\ l EIaLJGKJNCE.
Audebon * |
Gen Way..e, ‘
hi igs Savannah Shapter Bostor
ral, hIZ: T’ ttavaija ’ tharle » Jys< py lal
Summm rf sT ye : terJay Go D u!^
castle °i Vie 1 jhonia '> b.igs Helen, .Adams, W
Aiowbridge, New erleiuJ V
i K:.t) ‘ I
l le.ired— Mnp James Perkins, Bisson, Havre
baique Valhalla, ..ntwerp; brig Per.y y, nanuJu
vnarks; schi Active,hrown,Galvesloi),(
D int to sea yesterday— >lhp Cong.ess, luaP-
Havre ; bi brig Fame, i.ulktme, V\ t.A indie.-; **
Acti e. Brow n. Brown, Galveston, i exas ]
Bel w —ifrijt v.,aiilon, trur.i the ivo.th
lu tue Offing —Nhip Camcda from j mks Island .
I Br brig Wooa.ink ; and a French bug.